\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 48 of 49 1 47 48 49
\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 48 of 49 1 47 48 49
\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 48 of 49 1 47 48 49
\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 48 of 49 1 47 48 49
\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 48 of 49 1 47 48 49
\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 48 of 49 1 47 48 49
\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 48 of 49 1 47 48 49
\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 48 of 49 1 47 48 49
\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 48 of 49 1 47 48 49
\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 48 of 49 1 47 48 49
\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 48 of 49 1 47 48 49
\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 48 of 49 1 47 48 49
\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 48 of 49 1 47 48 49
\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 48 of 49 1 47 48 49
\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 48 of 49 1 47 48 49
\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 48 of 49 1 47 48 49
\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 48 of 49 1 47 48 49
\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 48 of 49 1 47 48 49
\n
\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 48 of 49 1 47 48 49
\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 48 of 49 1 47 48 49
\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 48 of 49 1 47 48 49
\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 48 of 49 1 47 48 49
\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 48 of 49 1 47 48 49
\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 48 of 49 1 47 48 49
\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 48 of 49 1 47 48 49
\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n
[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n
\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n
\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n
\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n
\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


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[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


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[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


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[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


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[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


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[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


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[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


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[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


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[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


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[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/11\/27\/senior-feto-figure-captured-by-turkish-intelligence-in-sudan\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


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[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20190807-libyan-national-army-turkish-intelligence-is-operating-in-tripoli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/11\/27\/senior-feto-figure-captured-by-turkish-intelligence-in-sudan\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/turkey\/turkish-intelligence-agency-rescues-a-kidnapped-italian-citizen-in-kenya-36192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20190807-libyan-national-army-turkish-intelligence-is-operating-in-tripoli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/11\/27\/senior-feto-figure-captured-by-turkish-intelligence-in-sudan\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-agency-brings-three-feto-members-from-gabon-to-turkey-130050<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/turkey\/turkish-intelligence-agency-rescues-a-kidnapped-italian-citizen-in-kenya-36192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20190807-libyan-national-army-turkish-intelligence-is-operating-in-tripoli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/11\/27\/senior-feto-figure-captured-by-turkish-intelligence-in-sudan\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-court\/egypt-detains-29-people-on-suspicion-of-espionage-for-turkey-idUSKBN1DM1AN<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/33764\/In-Pictures-Egypt-foils-Turkish-espionage-attempt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-agency-brings-three-feto-members-from-gabon-to-turkey-130050<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/turkey\/turkish-intelligence-agency-rescues-a-kidnapped-italian-citizen-in-kenya-36192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20190807-libyan-national-army-turkish-intelligence-is-operating-in-tripoli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/11\/27\/senior-feto-figure-captured-by-turkish-intelligence-in-sudan\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.meforum.org\/60976\/turkish-spy-agency-mit-intelligence-gathering-australia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-court\/egypt-detains-29-people-on-suspicion-of-espionage-for-turkey-idUSKBN1DM1AN<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/33764\/In-Pictures-Egypt-foils-Turkish-espionage-attempt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-agency-brings-three-feto-members-from-gabon-to-turkey-130050<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/turkey\/turkish-intelligence-agency-rescues-a-kidnapped-italian-citizen-in-kenya-36192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20190807-libyan-national-army-turkish-intelligence-is-operating-in-tripoli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/11\/27\/senior-feto-figure-captured-by-turkish-intelligence-in-sudan\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.meforum.org\/60976\/turkish-spy-agency-mit-intelligence-gathering-australia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-court\/egypt-detains-29-people-on-suspicion-of-espionage-for-turkey-idUSKBN1DM1AN<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/33764\/In-Pictures-Egypt-foils-Turkish-espionage-attempt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-agency-brings-three-feto-members-from-gabon-to-turkey-130050<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/turkey\/turkish-intelligence-agency-rescues-a-kidnapped-italian-citizen-in-kenya-36192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20190807-libyan-national-army-turkish-intelligence-is-operating-in-tripoli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/11\/27\/senior-feto-figure-captured-by-turkish-intelligence-in-sudan\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-brings-key-feto-suspect-from-ukraine-to-turkey-134608<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.meforum.org\/60976\/turkish-spy-agency-mit-intelligence-gathering-australia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-court\/egypt-detains-29-people-on-suspicion-of-espionage-for-turkey-idUSKBN1DM1AN<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/33764\/In-Pictures-Egypt-foils-Turkish-espionage-attempt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-agency-brings-three-feto-members-from-gabon-to-turkey-130050<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/turkey\/turkish-intelligence-agency-rescues-a-kidnapped-italian-citizen-in-kenya-36192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20190807-libyan-national-army-turkish-intelligence-is-operating-in-tripoli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/11\/27\/senior-feto-figure-captured-by-turkish-intelligence-in-sudan\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/politics\/undiplomatic_swiss-eye-alleged-turkish-kidnapping-attempt\/43973170 ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/swiss-foreign-minister-warns-turkey-against-illegal-spying-111199 ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/eu-affairs\/2017\/05\/01\/as-anti-turkish-politics-grip-europe-turkish-swiss-policeman-arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-brings-key-feto-suspect-from-ukraine-to-turkey-134608<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.meforum.org\/60976\/turkish-spy-agency-mit-intelligence-gathering-australia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-court\/egypt-detains-29-people-on-suspicion-of-espionage-for-turkey-idUSKBN1DM1AN<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/33764\/In-Pictures-Egypt-foils-Turkish-espionage-attempt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-agency-brings-three-feto-members-from-gabon-to-turkey-130050<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/turkey\/turkish-intelligence-agency-rescues-a-kidnapped-italian-citizen-in-kenya-36192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20190807-libyan-national-army-turkish-intelligence-is-operating-in-tripoli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/11\/27\/senior-feto-figure-captured-by-turkish-intelligence-in-sudan\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/report-sweden-launches-espionage-probe-into-turkish-govt-representatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/politics\/undiplomatic_swiss-eye-alleged-turkish-kidnapping-attempt\/43973170 ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/swiss-foreign-minister-warns-turkey-against-illegal-spying-111199 ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/eu-affairs\/2017\/05\/01\/as-anti-turkish-politics-grip-europe-turkish-swiss-policeman-arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-brings-key-feto-suspect-from-ukraine-to-turkey-134608<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.meforum.org\/60976\/turkish-spy-agency-mit-intelligence-gathering-australia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-court\/egypt-detains-29-people-on-suspicion-of-espionage-for-turkey-idUSKBN1DM1AN<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/33764\/In-Pictures-Egypt-foils-Turkish-espionage-attempt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-agency-brings-three-feto-members-from-gabon-to-turkey-130050<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/turkey\/turkish-intelligence-agency-rescues-a-kidnapped-italian-citizen-in-kenya-36192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20190807-libyan-national-army-turkish-intelligence-is-operating-in-tripoli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/11\/27\/senior-feto-figure-captured-by-turkish-intelligence-in-sudan\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/kafila.org\/www-matthewaid-com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/report-sweden-launches-espionage-probe-into-turkish-govt-representatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/politics\/undiplomatic_swiss-eye-alleged-turkish-kidnapping-attempt\/43973170 ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/swiss-foreign-minister-warns-turkey-against-illegal-spying-111199 ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/eu-affairs\/2017\/05\/01\/as-anti-turkish-politics-grip-europe-turkish-swiss-policeman-arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-brings-key-feto-suspect-from-ukraine-to-turkey-134608<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.meforum.org\/60976\/turkish-spy-agency-mit-intelligence-gathering-australia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-court\/egypt-detains-29-people-on-suspicion-of-espionage-for-turkey-idUSKBN1DM1AN<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/33764\/In-Pictures-Egypt-foils-Turkish-espionage-attempt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-agency-brings-three-feto-members-from-gabon-to-turkey-130050<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/turkey\/turkish-intelligence-agency-rescues-a-kidnapped-italian-citizen-in-kenya-36192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20190807-libyan-national-army-turkish-intelligence-is-operating-in-tripoli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/11\/27\/senior-feto-figure-captured-by-turkish-intelligence-in-sudan\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


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[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/turkeypurge.com\/turkey-spying-imams-active-also-in-norway<\/a> ; https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/turkeys-autocratic-president-erdogans-spying-profiling-expands-in-norway\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/kafila.org\/www-matthewaid-com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/report-sweden-launches-espionage-probe-into-turkish-govt-representatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/politics\/undiplomatic_swiss-eye-alleged-turkish-kidnapping-attempt\/43973170 ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/swiss-foreign-minister-warns-turkey-against-illegal-spying-111199 ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/eu-affairs\/2017\/05\/01\/as-anti-turkish-politics-grip-europe-turkish-swiss-policeman-arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-brings-key-feto-suspect-from-ukraine-to-turkey-134608<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.meforum.org\/60976\/turkish-spy-agency-mit-intelligence-gathering-australia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-court\/egypt-detains-29-people-on-suspicion-of-espionage-for-turkey-idUSKBN1DM1AN<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/33764\/In-Pictures-Egypt-foils-Turkish-espionage-attempt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-agency-brings-three-feto-members-from-gabon-to-turkey-130050<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/turkey\/turkish-intelligence-agency-rescues-a-kidnapped-italian-citizen-in-kenya-36192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20190807-libyan-national-army-turkish-intelligence-is-operating-in-tripoli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/11\/27\/senior-feto-figure-captured-by-turkish-intelligence-in-sudan\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2018\/09\/turkish-teachers-detained-moldova-gulen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/balkaninsight.com\/2018\/09\/06\/six-turkish-professors-detained-by-moldovan-secret-services-09-06-2018\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/turkeypurge.com\/turkey-spying-imams-active-also-in-norway<\/a> ; https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/turkeys-autocratic-president-erdogans-spying-profiling-expands-in-norway\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/kafila.org\/www-matthewaid-com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/report-sweden-launches-espionage-probe-into-turkish-govt-representatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/politics\/undiplomatic_swiss-eye-alleged-turkish-kidnapping-attempt\/43973170 ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/swiss-foreign-minister-warns-turkey-against-illegal-spying-111199 ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/eu-affairs\/2017\/05\/01\/as-anti-turkish-politics-grip-europe-turkish-swiss-policeman-arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-brings-key-feto-suspect-from-ukraine-to-turkey-134608<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.meforum.org\/60976\/turkish-spy-agency-mit-intelligence-gathering-australia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-court\/egypt-detains-29-people-on-suspicion-of-espionage-for-turkey-idUSKBN1DM1AN<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/33764\/In-Pictures-Egypt-foils-Turkish-espionage-attempt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-agency-brings-three-feto-members-from-gabon-to-turkey-130050<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/turkey\/turkish-intelligence-agency-rescues-a-kidnapped-italian-citizen-in-kenya-36192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20190807-libyan-national-army-turkish-intelligence-is-operating-in-tripoli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/11\/27\/senior-feto-figure-captured-by-turkish-intelligence-in-sudan\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/opinion\/murat-yetkin\/turkish-intelligence-unveils-secret-codes-used-before-coup-attempt-103843<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2018\/09\/turkish-teachers-detained-moldova-gulen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/balkaninsight.com\/2018\/09\/06\/six-turkish-professors-detained-by-moldovan-secret-services-09-06-2018\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/turkeypurge.com\/turkey-spying-imams-active-also-in-norway<\/a> ; https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/turkeys-autocratic-president-erdogans-spying-profiling-expands-in-norway\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/kafila.org\/www-matthewaid-com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/report-sweden-launches-espionage-probe-into-turkish-govt-representatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/politics\/undiplomatic_swiss-eye-alleged-turkish-kidnapping-attempt\/43973170 ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/swiss-foreign-minister-warns-turkey-against-illegal-spying-111199 ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/eu-affairs\/2017\/05\/01\/as-anti-turkish-politics-grip-europe-turkish-swiss-policeman-arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-brings-key-feto-suspect-from-ukraine-to-turkey-134608<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.meforum.org\/60976\/turkish-spy-agency-mit-intelligence-gathering-australia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-court\/egypt-detains-29-people-on-suspicion-of-espionage-for-turkey-idUSKBN1DM1AN<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/33764\/In-Pictures-Egypt-foils-Turkish-espionage-attempt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-agency-brings-three-feto-members-from-gabon-to-turkey-130050<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/turkey\/turkish-intelligence-agency-rescues-a-kidnapped-italian-citizen-in-kenya-36192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20190807-libyan-national-army-turkish-intelligence-is-operating-in-tripoli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/11\/27\/senior-feto-figure-captured-by-turkish-intelligence-in-sudan\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-kosovo-security-turkey-idUSKBN1H70CC<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/opinion\/murat-yetkin\/turkish-intelligence-unveils-secret-codes-used-before-coup-attempt-103843<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2018\/09\/turkish-teachers-detained-moldova-gulen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/balkaninsight.com\/2018\/09\/06\/six-turkish-professors-detained-by-moldovan-secret-services-09-06-2018\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/turkeypurge.com\/turkey-spying-imams-active-also-in-norway<\/a> ; https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/turkeys-autocratic-president-erdogans-spying-profiling-expands-in-norway\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/kafila.org\/www-matthewaid-com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/report-sweden-launches-espionage-probe-into-turkish-govt-representatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/politics\/undiplomatic_swiss-eye-alleged-turkish-kidnapping-attempt\/43973170 ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/swiss-foreign-minister-warns-turkey-against-illegal-spying-111199 ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/eu-affairs\/2017\/05\/01\/as-anti-turkish-politics-grip-europe-turkish-swiss-policeman-arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-brings-key-feto-suspect-from-ukraine-to-turkey-134608<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.meforum.org\/60976\/turkish-spy-agency-mit-intelligence-gathering-australia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-court\/egypt-detains-29-people-on-suspicion-of-espionage-for-turkey-idUSKBN1DM1AN<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/33764\/In-Pictures-Egypt-foils-Turkish-espionage-attempt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-agency-brings-three-feto-members-from-gabon-to-turkey-130050<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/turkey\/turkish-intelligence-agency-rescues-a-kidnapped-italian-citizen-in-kenya-36192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20190807-libyan-national-army-turkish-intelligence-is-operating-in-tripoli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/11\/27\/senior-feto-figure-captured-by-turkish-intelligence-in-sudan\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turk-greek-ties-strained-by-arson-row-10324<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-greece-germany-spying\/greek-police-arrest-german-on-suspicion-of-spying-idUSBRE97208820130803<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kathimerini.gr\/society\/896001\/istories-me-kataskopoys-sto-aigaio\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.larissanet.gr\/2019\/06\/21\/dikazetai-sti-rodo-kataskopos-tis-tourkias\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/ahvalnews.com\/mit\/turkish-intelligence-recruits-eu-retirees-spy-greece<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/04\/turkish-intelligence-operations-targeting-critics-in-greece-exposed-in-secret-documents\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/intelnews.org\/2016\/12\/09\/01-2023\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/more-secret-documents-confirming-vast-turkish-espionage-activities-in-greece-uncovered\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.skai.gr\/news\/greece\/dyo-syllipseis-ellinon-gia-kataskopeia-sti-rodo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-kosovo-security-turkey-idUSKBN1H70CC<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/opinion\/murat-yetkin\/turkish-intelligence-unveils-secret-codes-used-before-coup-attempt-103843<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2018\/09\/turkish-teachers-detained-moldova-gulen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/balkaninsight.com\/2018\/09\/06\/six-turkish-professors-detained-by-moldovan-secret-services-09-06-2018\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/turkeypurge.com\/turkey-spying-imams-active-also-in-norway<\/a> ; https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/turkeys-autocratic-president-erdogans-spying-profiling-expands-in-norway\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/kafila.org\/www-matthewaid-com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/report-sweden-launches-espionage-probe-into-turkish-govt-representatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/politics\/undiplomatic_swiss-eye-alleged-turkish-kidnapping-attempt\/43973170 ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/swiss-foreign-minister-warns-turkey-against-illegal-spying-111199 ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/eu-affairs\/2017\/05\/01\/as-anti-turkish-politics-grip-europe-turkish-swiss-policeman-arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-brings-key-feto-suspect-from-ukraine-to-turkey-134608<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.meforum.org\/60976\/turkish-spy-agency-mit-intelligence-gathering-australia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-court\/egypt-detains-29-people-on-suspicion-of-espionage-for-turkey-idUSKBN1DM1AN<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/33764\/In-Pictures-Egypt-foils-Turkish-espionage-attempt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-agency-brings-three-feto-members-from-gabon-to-turkey-130050<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/turkey\/turkish-intelligence-agency-rescues-a-kidnapped-italian-citizen-in-kenya-36192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20190807-libyan-national-army-turkish-intelligence-is-operating-in-tripoli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/11\/27\/senior-feto-figure-captured-by-turkish-intelligence-in-sudan\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


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[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turk-greek-ties-strained-by-arson-row-10324<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-greece-germany-spying\/greek-police-arrest-german-on-suspicion-of-spying-idUSBRE97208820130803<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kathimerini.gr\/society\/896001\/istories-me-kataskopoys-sto-aigaio\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.larissanet.gr\/2019\/06\/21\/dikazetai-sti-rodo-kataskopos-tis-tourkias\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/ahvalnews.com\/mit\/turkish-intelligence-recruits-eu-retirees-spy-greece<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/04\/turkish-intelligence-operations-targeting-critics-in-greece-exposed-in-secret-documents\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/intelnews.org\/2016\/12\/09\/01-2023\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/more-secret-documents-confirming-vast-turkish-espionage-activities-in-greece-uncovered\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.skai.gr\/news\/greece\/dyo-syllipseis-ellinon-gia-kataskopeia-sti-rodo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-kosovo-security-turkey-idUSKBN1H70CC<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/opinion\/murat-yetkin\/turkish-intelligence-unveils-secret-codes-used-before-coup-attempt-103843<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2018\/09\/turkish-teachers-detained-moldova-gulen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/balkaninsight.com\/2018\/09\/06\/six-turkish-professors-detained-by-moldovan-secret-services-09-06-2018\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/turkeypurge.com\/turkey-spying-imams-active-also-in-norway<\/a> ; https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/turkeys-autocratic-president-erdogans-spying-profiling-expands-in-norway\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/kafila.org\/www-matthewaid-com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/report-sweden-launches-espionage-probe-into-turkish-govt-representatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/politics\/undiplomatic_swiss-eye-alleged-turkish-kidnapping-attempt\/43973170 ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/swiss-foreign-minister-warns-turkey-against-illegal-spying-111199 ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/eu-affairs\/2017\/05\/01\/as-anti-turkish-politics-grip-europe-turkish-swiss-policeman-arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-brings-key-feto-suspect-from-ukraine-to-turkey-134608<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.meforum.org\/60976\/turkish-spy-agency-mit-intelligence-gathering-australia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-court\/egypt-detains-29-people-on-suspicion-of-espionage-for-turkey-idUSKBN1DM1AN<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/33764\/In-Pictures-Egypt-foils-Turkish-espionage-attempt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-agency-brings-three-feto-members-from-gabon-to-turkey-130050<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/turkey\/turkish-intelligence-agency-rescues-a-kidnapped-italian-citizen-in-kenya-36192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20190807-libyan-national-army-turkish-intelligence-is-operating-in-tripoli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/11\/27\/senior-feto-figure-captured-by-turkish-intelligence-in-sudan\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/erdogan-critics-listed-by-turkish-embassy-in-prague-were-included-in-bogus-terrorism-probe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turk-greek-ties-strained-by-arson-row-10324<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-greece-germany-spying\/greek-police-arrest-german-on-suspicion-of-spying-idUSBRE97208820130803<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kathimerini.gr\/society\/896001\/istories-me-kataskopoys-sto-aigaio\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.larissanet.gr\/2019\/06\/21\/dikazetai-sti-rodo-kataskopos-tis-tourkias\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/ahvalnews.com\/mit\/turkish-intelligence-recruits-eu-retirees-spy-greece<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/04\/turkish-intelligence-operations-targeting-critics-in-greece-exposed-in-secret-documents\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/intelnews.org\/2016\/12\/09\/01-2023\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/more-secret-documents-confirming-vast-turkish-espionage-activities-in-greece-uncovered\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.skai.gr\/news\/greece\/dyo-syllipseis-ellinon-gia-kataskopeia-sti-rodo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-kosovo-security-turkey-idUSKBN1H70CC<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/opinion\/murat-yetkin\/turkish-intelligence-unveils-secret-codes-used-before-coup-attempt-103843<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2018\/09\/turkish-teachers-detained-moldova-gulen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/balkaninsight.com\/2018\/09\/06\/six-turkish-professors-detained-by-moldovan-secret-services-09-06-2018\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/turkeypurge.com\/turkey-spying-imams-active-also-in-norway<\/a> ; https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/turkeys-autocratic-president-erdogans-spying-profiling-expands-in-norway\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/kafila.org\/www-matthewaid-com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/report-sweden-launches-espionage-probe-into-turkish-govt-representatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/politics\/undiplomatic_swiss-eye-alleged-turkish-kidnapping-attempt\/43973170 ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/swiss-foreign-minister-warns-turkey-against-illegal-spying-111199 ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/eu-affairs\/2017\/05\/01\/as-anti-turkish-politics-grip-europe-turkish-swiss-policeman-arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-brings-key-feto-suspect-from-ukraine-to-turkey-134608<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.meforum.org\/60976\/turkish-spy-agency-mit-intelligence-gathering-australia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-court\/egypt-detains-29-people-on-suspicion-of-espionage-for-turkey-idUSKBN1DM1AN<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/33764\/In-Pictures-Egypt-foils-Turkish-espionage-attempt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-agency-brings-three-feto-members-from-gabon-to-turkey-130050<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/turkey\/turkish-intelligence-agency-rescues-a-kidnapped-italian-citizen-in-kenya-36192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20190807-libyan-national-army-turkish-intelligence-is-operating-in-tripoli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/11\/27\/senior-feto-figure-captured-by-turkish-intelligence-in-sudan\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/global-europe\/news\/flemish-minister-turkish-sponosred-mosque-is-nest-of-spies\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/07\/06\/influenced-by-gulenists-belgium-targets-turkish-mosques-fighting-extremism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/erdogan-critics-listed-by-turkish-embassy-in-prague-were-included-in-bogus-terrorism-probe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turk-greek-ties-strained-by-arson-row-10324<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-greece-germany-spying\/greek-police-arrest-german-on-suspicion-of-spying-idUSBRE97208820130803<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kathimerini.gr\/society\/896001\/istories-me-kataskopoys-sto-aigaio\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.larissanet.gr\/2019\/06\/21\/dikazetai-sti-rodo-kataskopos-tis-tourkias\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/ahvalnews.com\/mit\/turkish-intelligence-recruits-eu-retirees-spy-greece<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/04\/turkish-intelligence-operations-targeting-critics-in-greece-exposed-in-secret-documents\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/intelnews.org\/2016\/12\/09\/01-2023\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/more-secret-documents-confirming-vast-turkish-espionage-activities-in-greece-uncovered\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.skai.gr\/news\/greece\/dyo-syllipseis-ellinon-gia-kataskopeia-sti-rodo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-kosovo-security-turkey-idUSKBN1H70CC<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/opinion\/murat-yetkin\/turkish-intelligence-unveils-secret-codes-used-before-coup-attempt-103843<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2018\/09\/turkish-teachers-detained-moldova-gulen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/balkaninsight.com\/2018\/09\/06\/six-turkish-professors-detained-by-moldovan-secret-services-09-06-2018\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/turkeypurge.com\/turkey-spying-imams-active-also-in-norway<\/a> ; https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/turkeys-autocratic-president-erdogans-spying-profiling-expands-in-norway\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/kafila.org\/www-matthewaid-com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/report-sweden-launches-espionage-probe-into-turkish-govt-representatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/politics\/undiplomatic_swiss-eye-alleged-turkish-kidnapping-attempt\/43973170 ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/swiss-foreign-minister-warns-turkey-against-illegal-spying-111199 ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/eu-affairs\/2017\/05\/01\/as-anti-turkish-politics-grip-europe-turkish-swiss-policeman-arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-brings-key-feto-suspect-from-ukraine-to-turkey-134608<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.meforum.org\/60976\/turkish-spy-agency-mit-intelligence-gathering-australia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-court\/egypt-detains-29-people-on-suspicion-of-espionage-for-turkey-idUSKBN1DM1AN<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/33764\/In-Pictures-Egypt-foils-Turkish-espionage-attempt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-agency-brings-three-feto-members-from-gabon-to-turkey-130050<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/turkey\/turkish-intelligence-agency-rescues-a-kidnapped-italian-citizen-in-kenya-36192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20190807-libyan-national-army-turkish-intelligence-is-operating-in-tripoli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/11\/27\/senior-feto-figure-captured-by-turkish-intelligence-in-sudan\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


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[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2020\/09\/turkey-austria-spy-nehammer-kurdish-clashes-protests-vienna.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/austria-turkey-espionage-int-idUSKBN25S4R5<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/10\/13\/world\/europe\/turkey-austria-erdogan-assassin.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/global-europe\/news\/flemish-minister-turkish-sponosred-mosque-is-nest-of-spies\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/07\/06\/influenced-by-gulenists-belgium-targets-turkish-mosques-fighting-extremism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/erdogan-critics-listed-by-turkish-embassy-in-prague-were-included-in-bogus-terrorism-probe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turk-greek-ties-strained-by-arson-row-10324<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-greece-germany-spying\/greek-police-arrest-german-on-suspicion-of-spying-idUSBRE97208820130803<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kathimerini.gr\/society\/896001\/istories-me-kataskopoys-sto-aigaio\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.larissanet.gr\/2019\/06\/21\/dikazetai-sti-rodo-kataskopos-tis-tourkias\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/ahvalnews.com\/mit\/turkish-intelligence-recruits-eu-retirees-spy-greece<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/04\/turkish-intelligence-operations-targeting-critics-in-greece-exposed-in-secret-documents\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/intelnews.org\/2016\/12\/09\/01-2023\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/more-secret-documents-confirming-vast-turkish-espionage-activities-in-greece-uncovered\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.skai.gr\/news\/greece\/dyo-syllipseis-ellinon-gia-kataskopeia-sti-rodo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-kosovo-security-turkey-idUSKBN1H70CC<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/opinion\/murat-yetkin\/turkish-intelligence-unveils-secret-codes-used-before-coup-attempt-103843<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2018\/09\/turkish-teachers-detained-moldova-gulen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/balkaninsight.com\/2018\/09\/06\/six-turkish-professors-detained-by-moldovan-secret-services-09-06-2018\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/turkeypurge.com\/turkey-spying-imams-active-also-in-norway<\/a> ; https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/turkeys-autocratic-president-erdogans-spying-profiling-expands-in-norway\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/kafila.org\/www-matthewaid-com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/report-sweden-launches-espionage-probe-into-turkish-govt-representatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/politics\/undiplomatic_swiss-eye-alleged-turkish-kidnapping-attempt\/43973170 ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/swiss-foreign-minister-warns-turkey-against-illegal-spying-111199 ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/eu-affairs\/2017\/05\/01\/as-anti-turkish-politics-grip-europe-turkish-swiss-policeman-arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-brings-key-feto-suspect-from-ukraine-to-turkey-134608<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.meforum.org\/60976\/turkish-spy-agency-mit-intelligence-gathering-australia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-court\/egypt-detains-29-people-on-suspicion-of-espionage-for-turkey-idUSKBN1DM1AN<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/33764\/In-Pictures-Egypt-foils-Turkish-espionage-attempt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-agency-brings-three-feto-members-from-gabon-to-turkey-130050<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/turkey\/turkish-intelligence-agency-rescues-a-kidnapped-italian-citizen-in-kenya-36192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20190807-libyan-national-army-turkish-intelligence-is-operating-in-tripoli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/11\/27\/senior-feto-figure-captured-by-turkish-intelligence-in-sudan\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html ;  https:\/\/www.derstandard.at\/story\/1397522175727\/geheimdienst-staat-tuerkei<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2020\/09\/turkey-austria-spy-nehammer-kurdish-clashes-protests-vienna.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/austria-turkey-espionage-int-idUSKBN25S4R5<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/10\/13\/world\/europe\/turkey-austria-erdogan-assassin.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/global-europe\/news\/flemish-minister-turkish-sponosred-mosque-is-nest-of-spies\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/07\/06\/influenced-by-gulenists-belgium-targets-turkish-mosques-fighting-extremism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/erdogan-critics-listed-by-turkish-embassy-in-prague-were-included-in-bogus-terrorism-probe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turk-greek-ties-strained-by-arson-row-10324<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-greece-germany-spying\/greek-police-arrest-german-on-suspicion-of-spying-idUSBRE97208820130803<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kathimerini.gr\/society\/896001\/istories-me-kataskopoys-sto-aigaio\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.larissanet.gr\/2019\/06\/21\/dikazetai-sti-rodo-kataskopos-tis-tourkias\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/ahvalnews.com\/mit\/turkish-intelligence-recruits-eu-retirees-spy-greece<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/04\/turkish-intelligence-operations-targeting-critics-in-greece-exposed-in-secret-documents\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/intelnews.org\/2016\/12\/09\/01-2023\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/more-secret-documents-confirming-vast-turkish-espionage-activities-in-greece-uncovered\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.skai.gr\/news\/greece\/dyo-syllipseis-ellinon-gia-kataskopeia-sti-rodo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-kosovo-security-turkey-idUSKBN1H70CC<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/opinion\/murat-yetkin\/turkish-intelligence-unveils-secret-codes-used-before-coup-attempt-103843<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2018\/09\/turkish-teachers-detained-moldova-gulen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/balkaninsight.com\/2018\/09\/06\/six-turkish-professors-detained-by-moldovan-secret-services-09-06-2018\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/turkeypurge.com\/turkey-spying-imams-active-also-in-norway<\/a> ; https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/turkeys-autocratic-president-erdogans-spying-profiling-expands-in-norway\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/kafila.org\/www-matthewaid-com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/report-sweden-launches-espionage-probe-into-turkish-govt-representatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/politics\/undiplomatic_swiss-eye-alleged-turkish-kidnapping-attempt\/43973170 ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/swiss-foreign-minister-warns-turkey-against-illegal-spying-111199 ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/eu-affairs\/2017\/05\/01\/as-anti-turkish-politics-grip-europe-turkish-swiss-policeman-arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-brings-key-feto-suspect-from-ukraine-to-turkey-134608<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.meforum.org\/60976\/turkish-spy-agency-mit-intelligence-gathering-australia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-court\/egypt-detains-29-people-on-suspicion-of-espionage-for-turkey-idUSKBN1DM1AN<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/33764\/In-Pictures-Egypt-foils-Turkish-espionage-attempt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-agency-brings-three-feto-members-from-gabon-to-turkey-130050<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/turkey\/turkish-intelligence-agency-rescues-a-kidnapped-italian-citizen-in-kenya-36192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20190807-libyan-national-army-turkish-intelligence-is-operating-in-tripoli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/11\/27\/senior-feto-figure-captured-by-turkish-intelligence-in-sudan\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article157778863\/Erdogans-Agenten-bedrohen-Tuerken-in-Deutschland.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html ;  https:\/\/www.derstandard.at\/story\/1397522175727\/geheimdienst-staat-tuerkei<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2020\/09\/turkey-austria-spy-nehammer-kurdish-clashes-protests-vienna.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/austria-turkey-espionage-int-idUSKBN25S4R5<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/10\/13\/world\/europe\/turkey-austria-erdogan-assassin.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/global-europe\/news\/flemish-minister-turkish-sponosred-mosque-is-nest-of-spies\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/07\/06\/influenced-by-gulenists-belgium-targets-turkish-mosques-fighting-extremism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/erdogan-critics-listed-by-turkish-embassy-in-prague-were-included-in-bogus-terrorism-probe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turk-greek-ties-strained-by-arson-row-10324<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-greece-germany-spying\/greek-police-arrest-german-on-suspicion-of-spying-idUSBRE97208820130803<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kathimerini.gr\/society\/896001\/istories-me-kataskopoys-sto-aigaio\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.larissanet.gr\/2019\/06\/21\/dikazetai-sti-rodo-kataskopos-tis-tourkias\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/ahvalnews.com\/mit\/turkish-intelligence-recruits-eu-retirees-spy-greece<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/04\/turkish-intelligence-operations-targeting-critics-in-greece-exposed-in-secret-documents\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/intelnews.org\/2016\/12\/09\/01-2023\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/more-secret-documents-confirming-vast-turkish-espionage-activities-in-greece-uncovered\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.skai.gr\/news\/greece\/dyo-syllipseis-ellinon-gia-kataskopeia-sti-rodo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-kosovo-security-turkey-idUSKBN1H70CC<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/opinion\/murat-yetkin\/turkish-intelligence-unveils-secret-codes-used-before-coup-attempt-103843<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2018\/09\/turkish-teachers-detained-moldova-gulen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/balkaninsight.com\/2018\/09\/06\/six-turkish-professors-detained-by-moldovan-secret-services-09-06-2018\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/turkeypurge.com\/turkey-spying-imams-active-also-in-norway<\/a> ; https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/turkeys-autocratic-president-erdogans-spying-profiling-expands-in-norway\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/kafila.org\/www-matthewaid-com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/report-sweden-launches-espionage-probe-into-turkish-govt-representatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/politics\/undiplomatic_swiss-eye-alleged-turkish-kidnapping-attempt\/43973170 ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/swiss-foreign-minister-warns-turkey-against-illegal-spying-111199 ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/eu-affairs\/2017\/05\/01\/as-anti-turkish-politics-grip-europe-turkish-swiss-policeman-arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-brings-key-feto-suspect-from-ukraine-to-turkey-134608<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.meforum.org\/60976\/turkish-spy-agency-mit-intelligence-gathering-australia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-court\/egypt-detains-29-people-on-suspicion-of-espionage-for-turkey-idUSKBN1DM1AN<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/33764\/In-Pictures-Egypt-foils-Turkish-espionage-attempt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-agency-brings-three-feto-members-from-gabon-to-turkey-130050<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/turkey\/turkish-intelligence-agency-rescues-a-kidnapped-italian-citizen-in-kenya-36192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20190807-libyan-national-army-turkish-intelligence-is-operating-in-tripoli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/11\/27\/senior-feto-figure-captured-by-turkish-intelligence-in-sudan\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


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[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nadir.org\/nadir\/initiativ\/isku\/hintergrund\/geheimdienste\/geheim994.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/tuerkischer-geheimdienst-liess-erdogan-gegner-in-deutschland-ausspionieren\/12027820.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article157778863\/Erdogans-Agenten-bedrohen-Tuerken-in-Deutschland.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html ;  https:\/\/www.derstandard.at\/story\/1397522175727\/geheimdienst-staat-tuerkei<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2020\/09\/turkey-austria-spy-nehammer-kurdish-clashes-protests-vienna.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/austria-turkey-espionage-int-idUSKBN25S4R5<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/10\/13\/world\/europe\/turkey-austria-erdogan-assassin.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/global-europe\/news\/flemish-minister-turkish-sponosred-mosque-is-nest-of-spies\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/07\/06\/influenced-by-gulenists-belgium-targets-turkish-mosques-fighting-extremism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/erdogan-critics-listed-by-turkish-embassy-in-prague-were-included-in-bogus-terrorism-probe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turk-greek-ties-strained-by-arson-row-10324<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-greece-germany-spying\/greek-police-arrest-german-on-suspicion-of-spying-idUSBRE97208820130803<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kathimerini.gr\/society\/896001\/istories-me-kataskopoys-sto-aigaio\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.larissanet.gr\/2019\/06\/21\/dikazetai-sti-rodo-kataskopos-tis-tourkias\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/ahvalnews.com\/mit\/turkish-intelligence-recruits-eu-retirees-spy-greece<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/04\/turkish-intelligence-operations-targeting-critics-in-greece-exposed-in-secret-documents\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/intelnews.org\/2016\/12\/09\/01-2023\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/more-secret-documents-confirming-vast-turkish-espionage-activities-in-greece-uncovered\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.skai.gr\/news\/greece\/dyo-syllipseis-ellinon-gia-kataskopeia-sti-rodo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-kosovo-security-turkey-idUSKBN1H70CC<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/opinion\/murat-yetkin\/turkish-intelligence-unveils-secret-codes-used-before-coup-attempt-103843<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2018\/09\/turkish-teachers-detained-moldova-gulen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/balkaninsight.com\/2018\/09\/06\/six-turkish-professors-detained-by-moldovan-secret-services-09-06-2018\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/turkeypurge.com\/turkey-spying-imams-active-also-in-norway<\/a> ; https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/turkeys-autocratic-president-erdogans-spying-profiling-expands-in-norway\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/kafila.org\/www-matthewaid-com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/report-sweden-launches-espionage-probe-into-turkish-govt-representatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/politics\/undiplomatic_swiss-eye-alleged-turkish-kidnapping-attempt\/43973170 ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/swiss-foreign-minister-warns-turkey-against-illegal-spying-111199 ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/eu-affairs\/2017\/05\/01\/as-anti-turkish-politics-grip-europe-turkish-swiss-policeman-arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-brings-key-feto-suspect-from-ukraine-to-turkey-134608<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.meforum.org\/60976\/turkish-spy-agency-mit-intelligence-gathering-australia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-court\/egypt-detains-29-people-on-suspicion-of-espionage-for-turkey-idUSKBN1DM1AN<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/33764\/In-Pictures-Egypt-foils-Turkish-espionage-attempt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-agency-brings-three-feto-members-from-gabon-to-turkey-130050<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/turkey\/turkish-intelligence-agency-rescues-a-kidnapped-italian-citizen-in-kenya-36192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20190807-libyan-national-army-turkish-intelligence-is-operating-in-tripoli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/11\/27\/senior-feto-figure-captured-by-turkish-intelligence-in-sudan\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.genios.de\/presse-archiv\/artikel\/FAZ\/20171111\/jagd-auf-die-guelenisten\/FR1201711115279571.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nadir.org\/nadir\/initiativ\/isku\/hintergrund\/geheimdienste\/geheim994.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/tuerkischer-geheimdienst-liess-erdogan-gegner-in-deutschland-ausspionieren\/12027820.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article157778863\/Erdogans-Agenten-bedrohen-Tuerken-in-Deutschland.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html ;  https:\/\/www.derstandard.at\/story\/1397522175727\/geheimdienst-staat-tuerkei<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2020\/09\/turkey-austria-spy-nehammer-kurdish-clashes-protests-vienna.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/austria-turkey-espionage-int-idUSKBN25S4R5<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/10\/13\/world\/europe\/turkey-austria-erdogan-assassin.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/global-europe\/news\/flemish-minister-turkish-sponosred-mosque-is-nest-of-spies\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/07\/06\/influenced-by-gulenists-belgium-targets-turkish-mosques-fighting-extremism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/erdogan-critics-listed-by-turkish-embassy-in-prague-were-included-in-bogus-terrorism-probe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turk-greek-ties-strained-by-arson-row-10324<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-greece-germany-spying\/greek-police-arrest-german-on-suspicion-of-spying-idUSBRE97208820130803<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kathimerini.gr\/society\/896001\/istories-me-kataskopoys-sto-aigaio\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.larissanet.gr\/2019\/06\/21\/dikazetai-sti-rodo-kataskopos-tis-tourkias\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/ahvalnews.com\/mit\/turkish-intelligence-recruits-eu-retirees-spy-greece<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/04\/turkish-intelligence-operations-targeting-critics-in-greece-exposed-in-secret-documents\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/intelnews.org\/2016\/12\/09\/01-2023\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/more-secret-documents-confirming-vast-turkish-espionage-activities-in-greece-uncovered\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.skai.gr\/news\/greece\/dyo-syllipseis-ellinon-gia-kataskopeia-sti-rodo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-kosovo-security-turkey-idUSKBN1H70CC<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/opinion\/murat-yetkin\/turkish-intelligence-unveils-secret-codes-used-before-coup-attempt-103843<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2018\/09\/turkish-teachers-detained-moldova-gulen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/balkaninsight.com\/2018\/09\/06\/six-turkish-professors-detained-by-moldovan-secret-services-09-06-2018\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/turkeypurge.com\/turkey-spying-imams-active-also-in-norway<\/a> ; https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/turkeys-autocratic-president-erdogans-spying-profiling-expands-in-norway\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/kafila.org\/www-matthewaid-com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/report-sweden-launches-espionage-probe-into-turkish-govt-representatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/politics\/undiplomatic_swiss-eye-alleged-turkish-kidnapping-attempt\/43973170 ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/swiss-foreign-minister-warns-turkey-against-illegal-spying-111199 ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/eu-affairs\/2017\/05\/01\/as-anti-turkish-politics-grip-europe-turkish-swiss-policeman-arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-brings-key-feto-suspect-from-ukraine-to-turkey-134608<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.meforum.org\/60976\/turkish-spy-agency-mit-intelligence-gathering-australia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-court\/egypt-detains-29-people-on-suspicion-of-espionage-for-turkey-idUSKBN1DM1AN<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/33764\/In-Pictures-Egypt-foils-Turkish-espionage-attempt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-agency-brings-three-feto-members-from-gabon-to-turkey-130050<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/turkey\/turkish-intelligence-agency-rescues-a-kidnapped-italian-citizen-in-kenya-36192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20190807-libyan-national-army-turkish-intelligence-is-operating-in-tripoli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/11\/27\/senior-feto-figure-captured-by-turkish-intelligence-in-sudan\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.faz.net\/aktuell\/politik\/ausland\/europa\/tuerkei\/tuerkei-kampf-gegen-die-soldaten-des-lichts-12715816.html?printPagedArticle=true#pageIndex_3<\/a> ; https:\/\/taz.de\/Wie-Guelen-zum-Staatsfeind-Nr-1-wurde\/!5323191\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2021\/02\/03\/son-dakika-istihbarattaki-fetocu-generalden-bomba-itiraflar-tegmen-rutbemi-fetullah-gulen-takti<\/a> ; https:\/\/tr.sputniknews.com\/turkiye\/202001211041211454-sozcu-ilker-basbugu-cezaevine-attiran-feto-mektubunu-acikliyoruz\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.genios.de\/presse-archiv\/artikel\/FAZ\/20171111\/jagd-auf-die-guelenisten\/FR1201711115279571.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nadir.org\/nadir\/initiativ\/isku\/hintergrund\/geheimdienste\/geheim994.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/tuerkischer-geheimdienst-liess-erdogan-gegner-in-deutschland-ausspionieren\/12027820.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article157778863\/Erdogans-Agenten-bedrohen-Tuerken-in-Deutschland.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html ;  https:\/\/www.derstandard.at\/story\/1397522175727\/geheimdienst-staat-tuerkei<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2020\/09\/turkey-austria-spy-nehammer-kurdish-clashes-protests-vienna.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/austria-turkey-espionage-int-idUSKBN25S4R5<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/10\/13\/world\/europe\/turkey-austria-erdogan-assassin.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/global-europe\/news\/flemish-minister-turkish-sponosred-mosque-is-nest-of-spies\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/07\/06\/influenced-by-gulenists-belgium-targets-turkish-mosques-fighting-extremism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/erdogan-critics-listed-by-turkish-embassy-in-prague-were-included-in-bogus-terrorism-probe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turk-greek-ties-strained-by-arson-row-10324<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-greece-germany-spying\/greek-police-arrest-german-on-suspicion-of-spying-idUSBRE97208820130803<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kathimerini.gr\/society\/896001\/istories-me-kataskopoys-sto-aigaio\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.larissanet.gr\/2019\/06\/21\/dikazetai-sti-rodo-kataskopos-tis-tourkias\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/ahvalnews.com\/mit\/turkish-intelligence-recruits-eu-retirees-spy-greece<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/04\/turkish-intelligence-operations-targeting-critics-in-greece-exposed-in-secret-documents\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/intelnews.org\/2016\/12\/09\/01-2023\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/more-secret-documents-confirming-vast-turkish-espionage-activities-in-greece-uncovered\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.skai.gr\/news\/greece\/dyo-syllipseis-ellinon-gia-kataskopeia-sti-rodo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-kosovo-security-turkey-idUSKBN1H70CC<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/opinion\/murat-yetkin\/turkish-intelligence-unveils-secret-codes-used-before-coup-attempt-103843<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2018\/09\/turkish-teachers-detained-moldova-gulen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/balkaninsight.com\/2018\/09\/06\/six-turkish-professors-detained-by-moldovan-secret-services-09-06-2018\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/turkeypurge.com\/turkey-spying-imams-active-also-in-norway<\/a> ; https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/turkeys-autocratic-president-erdogans-spying-profiling-expands-in-norway\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/kafila.org\/www-matthewaid-com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/report-sweden-launches-espionage-probe-into-turkish-govt-representatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/politics\/undiplomatic_swiss-eye-alleged-turkish-kidnapping-attempt\/43973170 ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/swiss-foreign-minister-warns-turkey-against-illegal-spying-111199 ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/eu-affairs\/2017\/05\/01\/as-anti-turkish-politics-grip-europe-turkish-swiss-policeman-arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-brings-key-feto-suspect-from-ukraine-to-turkey-134608<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.meforum.org\/60976\/turkish-spy-agency-mit-intelligence-gathering-australia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-court\/egypt-detains-29-people-on-suspicion-of-espionage-for-turkey-idUSKBN1DM1AN<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/33764\/In-Pictures-Egypt-foils-Turkish-espionage-attempt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-agency-brings-three-feto-members-from-gabon-to-turkey-130050<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/turkey\/turkish-intelligence-agency-rescues-a-kidnapped-italian-citizen-in-kenya-36192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20190807-libyan-national-army-turkish-intelligence-is-operating-in-tripoli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/11\/27\/senior-feto-figure-captured-by-turkish-intelligence-in-sudan\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[21]<\/a> http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/erdogandan-canli-yayinda-can-dundara-tehdit-288885<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.faz.net\/aktuell\/politik\/ausland\/europa\/tuerkei\/tuerkei-kampf-gegen-die-soldaten-des-lichts-12715816.html?printPagedArticle=true#pageIndex_3<\/a> ; https:\/\/taz.de\/Wie-Guelen-zum-Staatsfeind-Nr-1-wurde\/!5323191\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2021\/02\/03\/son-dakika-istihbarattaki-fetocu-generalden-bomba-itiraflar-tegmen-rutbemi-fetullah-gulen-takti<\/a> ; https:\/\/tr.sputniknews.com\/turkiye\/202001211041211454-sozcu-ilker-basbugu-cezaevine-attiran-feto-mektubunu-acikliyoruz\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.genios.de\/presse-archiv\/artikel\/FAZ\/20171111\/jagd-auf-die-guelenisten\/FR1201711115279571.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nadir.org\/nadir\/initiativ\/isku\/hintergrund\/geheimdienste\/geheim994.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/tuerkischer-geheimdienst-liess-erdogan-gegner-in-deutschland-ausspionieren\/12027820.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article157778863\/Erdogans-Agenten-bedrohen-Tuerken-in-Deutschland.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html ;  https:\/\/www.derstandard.at\/story\/1397522175727\/geheimdienst-staat-tuerkei<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2020\/09\/turkey-austria-spy-nehammer-kurdish-clashes-protests-vienna.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/austria-turkey-espionage-int-idUSKBN25S4R5<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/10\/13\/world\/europe\/turkey-austria-erdogan-assassin.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/global-europe\/news\/flemish-minister-turkish-sponosred-mosque-is-nest-of-spies\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/07\/06\/influenced-by-gulenists-belgium-targets-turkish-mosques-fighting-extremism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/erdogan-critics-listed-by-turkish-embassy-in-prague-were-included-in-bogus-terrorism-probe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turk-greek-ties-strained-by-arson-row-10324<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-greece-germany-spying\/greek-police-arrest-german-on-suspicion-of-spying-idUSBRE97208820130803<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kathimerini.gr\/society\/896001\/istories-me-kataskopoys-sto-aigaio\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.larissanet.gr\/2019\/06\/21\/dikazetai-sti-rodo-kataskopos-tis-tourkias\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/ahvalnews.com\/mit\/turkish-intelligence-recruits-eu-retirees-spy-greece<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/04\/turkish-intelligence-operations-targeting-critics-in-greece-exposed-in-secret-documents\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/intelnews.org\/2016\/12\/09\/01-2023\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/more-secret-documents-confirming-vast-turkish-espionage-activities-in-greece-uncovered\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.skai.gr\/news\/greece\/dyo-syllipseis-ellinon-gia-kataskopeia-sti-rodo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-kosovo-security-turkey-idUSKBN1H70CC<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/opinion\/murat-yetkin\/turkish-intelligence-unveils-secret-codes-used-before-coup-attempt-103843<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2018\/09\/turkish-teachers-detained-moldova-gulen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/balkaninsight.com\/2018\/09\/06\/six-turkish-professors-detained-by-moldovan-secret-services-09-06-2018\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/turkeypurge.com\/turkey-spying-imams-active-also-in-norway<\/a> ; https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/turkeys-autocratic-president-erdogans-spying-profiling-expands-in-norway\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/kafila.org\/www-matthewaid-com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/report-sweden-launches-espionage-probe-into-turkish-govt-representatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/politics\/undiplomatic_swiss-eye-alleged-turkish-kidnapping-attempt\/43973170 ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/swiss-foreign-minister-warns-turkey-against-illegal-spying-111199 ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/eu-affairs\/2017\/05\/01\/as-anti-turkish-politics-grip-europe-turkish-swiss-policeman-arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-brings-key-feto-suspect-from-ukraine-to-turkey-134608<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.meforum.org\/60976\/turkish-spy-agency-mit-intelligence-gathering-australia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-court\/egypt-detains-29-people-on-suspicion-of-espionage-for-turkey-idUSKBN1DM1AN<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/33764\/In-Pictures-Egypt-foils-Turkish-espionage-attempt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-agency-brings-three-feto-members-from-gabon-to-turkey-130050<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/turkey\/turkish-intelligence-agency-rescues-a-kidnapped-italian-citizen-in-kenya-36192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20190807-libyan-national-army-turkish-intelligence-is-operating-in-tripoli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/11\/27\/senior-feto-figure-captured-by-turkish-intelligence-in-sudan\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milliyet.com.tr\/gundem\/mit-tirlari-olayinda-yeni-gelisme-5-savci-gorevden-uzaklastirildi-1999064<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/erdogandan-canli-yayinda-can-dundara-tehdit-288885<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.faz.net\/aktuell\/politik\/ausland\/europa\/tuerkei\/tuerkei-kampf-gegen-die-soldaten-des-lichts-12715816.html?printPagedArticle=true#pageIndex_3<\/a> ; https:\/\/taz.de\/Wie-Guelen-zum-Staatsfeind-Nr-1-wurde\/!5323191\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2021\/02\/03\/son-dakika-istihbarattaki-fetocu-generalden-bomba-itiraflar-tegmen-rutbemi-fetullah-gulen-takti<\/a> ; https:\/\/tr.sputniknews.com\/turkiye\/202001211041211454-sozcu-ilker-basbugu-cezaevine-attiran-feto-mektubunu-acikliyoruz\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.genios.de\/presse-archiv\/artikel\/FAZ\/20171111\/jagd-auf-die-guelenisten\/FR1201711115279571.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nadir.org\/nadir\/initiativ\/isku\/hintergrund\/geheimdienste\/geheim994.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/tuerkischer-geheimdienst-liess-erdogan-gegner-in-deutschland-ausspionieren\/12027820.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article157778863\/Erdogans-Agenten-bedrohen-Tuerken-in-Deutschland.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html ;  https:\/\/www.derstandard.at\/story\/1397522175727\/geheimdienst-staat-tuerkei<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2020\/09\/turkey-austria-spy-nehammer-kurdish-clashes-protests-vienna.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/austria-turkey-espionage-int-idUSKBN25S4R5<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/10\/13\/world\/europe\/turkey-austria-erdogan-assassin.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/global-europe\/news\/flemish-minister-turkish-sponosred-mosque-is-nest-of-spies\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/07\/06\/influenced-by-gulenists-belgium-targets-turkish-mosques-fighting-extremism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/erdogan-critics-listed-by-turkish-embassy-in-prague-were-included-in-bogus-terrorism-probe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turk-greek-ties-strained-by-arson-row-10324<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-greece-germany-spying\/greek-police-arrest-german-on-suspicion-of-spying-idUSBRE97208820130803<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kathimerini.gr\/society\/896001\/istories-me-kataskopoys-sto-aigaio\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.larissanet.gr\/2019\/06\/21\/dikazetai-sti-rodo-kataskopos-tis-tourkias\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/ahvalnews.com\/mit\/turkish-intelligence-recruits-eu-retirees-spy-greece<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/04\/turkish-intelligence-operations-targeting-critics-in-greece-exposed-in-secret-documents\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/intelnews.org\/2016\/12\/09\/01-2023\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/more-secret-documents-confirming-vast-turkish-espionage-activities-in-greece-uncovered\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.skai.gr\/news\/greece\/dyo-syllipseis-ellinon-gia-kataskopeia-sti-rodo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-kosovo-security-turkey-idUSKBN1H70CC<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/opinion\/murat-yetkin\/turkish-intelligence-unveils-secret-codes-used-before-coup-attempt-103843<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2018\/09\/turkish-teachers-detained-moldova-gulen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/balkaninsight.com\/2018\/09\/06\/six-turkish-professors-detained-by-moldovan-secret-services-09-06-2018\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/turkeypurge.com\/turkey-spying-imams-active-also-in-norway<\/a> ; https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/turkeys-autocratic-president-erdogans-spying-profiling-expands-in-norway\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/kafila.org\/www-matthewaid-com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/report-sweden-launches-espionage-probe-into-turkish-govt-representatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/politics\/undiplomatic_swiss-eye-alleged-turkish-kidnapping-attempt\/43973170 ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/swiss-foreign-minister-warns-turkey-against-illegal-spying-111199 ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/eu-affairs\/2017\/05\/01\/as-anti-turkish-politics-grip-europe-turkish-swiss-policeman-arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-brings-key-feto-suspect-from-ukraine-to-turkey-134608<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.meforum.org\/60976\/turkish-spy-agency-mit-intelligence-gathering-australia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-court\/egypt-detains-29-people-on-suspicion-of-espionage-for-turkey-idUSKBN1DM1AN<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/33764\/In-Pictures-Egypt-foils-Turkish-espionage-attempt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-agency-brings-three-feto-members-from-gabon-to-turkey-130050<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/turkey\/turkish-intelligence-agency-rescues-a-kidnapped-italian-citizen-in-kenya-36192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20190807-libyan-national-army-turkish-intelligence-is-operating-in-tripoli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/11\/27\/senior-feto-figure-captured-by-turkish-intelligence-in-sudan\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


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[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/bianet.org\/bianet\/insan-haklari\/155519-tir-lari-durdurmakla-suclanan-13-askere-muebbet-istendi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milliyet.com.tr\/gundem\/mit-tirlari-olayinda-yeni-gelisme-5-savci-gorevden-uzaklastirildi-1999064<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/erdogandan-canli-yayinda-can-dundara-tehdit-288885<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.faz.net\/aktuell\/politik\/ausland\/europa\/tuerkei\/tuerkei-kampf-gegen-die-soldaten-des-lichts-12715816.html?printPagedArticle=true#pageIndex_3<\/a> ; https:\/\/taz.de\/Wie-Guelen-zum-Staatsfeind-Nr-1-wurde\/!5323191\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2021\/02\/03\/son-dakika-istihbarattaki-fetocu-generalden-bomba-itiraflar-tegmen-rutbemi-fetullah-gulen-takti<\/a> ; https:\/\/tr.sputniknews.com\/turkiye\/202001211041211454-sozcu-ilker-basbugu-cezaevine-attiran-feto-mektubunu-acikliyoruz\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.genios.de\/presse-archiv\/artikel\/FAZ\/20171111\/jagd-auf-die-guelenisten\/FR1201711115279571.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nadir.org\/nadir\/initiativ\/isku\/hintergrund\/geheimdienste\/geheim994.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/tuerkischer-geheimdienst-liess-erdogan-gegner-in-deutschland-ausspionieren\/12027820.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article157778863\/Erdogans-Agenten-bedrohen-Tuerken-in-Deutschland.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html ;  https:\/\/www.derstandard.at\/story\/1397522175727\/geheimdienst-staat-tuerkei<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2020\/09\/turkey-austria-spy-nehammer-kurdish-clashes-protests-vienna.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/austria-turkey-espionage-int-idUSKBN25S4R5<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/10\/13\/world\/europe\/turkey-austria-erdogan-assassin.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/global-europe\/news\/flemish-minister-turkish-sponosred-mosque-is-nest-of-spies\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/07\/06\/influenced-by-gulenists-belgium-targets-turkish-mosques-fighting-extremism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/erdogan-critics-listed-by-turkish-embassy-in-prague-were-included-in-bogus-terrorism-probe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turk-greek-ties-strained-by-arson-row-10324<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-greece-germany-spying\/greek-police-arrest-german-on-suspicion-of-spying-idUSBRE97208820130803<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kathimerini.gr\/society\/896001\/istories-me-kataskopoys-sto-aigaio\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.larissanet.gr\/2019\/06\/21\/dikazetai-sti-rodo-kataskopos-tis-tourkias\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/ahvalnews.com\/mit\/turkish-intelligence-recruits-eu-retirees-spy-greece<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/04\/turkish-intelligence-operations-targeting-critics-in-greece-exposed-in-secret-documents\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/intelnews.org\/2016\/12\/09\/01-2023\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/more-secret-documents-confirming-vast-turkish-espionage-activities-in-greece-uncovered\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.skai.gr\/news\/greece\/dyo-syllipseis-ellinon-gia-kataskopeia-sti-rodo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-kosovo-security-turkey-idUSKBN1H70CC<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/opinion\/murat-yetkin\/turkish-intelligence-unveils-secret-codes-used-before-coup-attempt-103843<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2018\/09\/turkish-teachers-detained-moldova-gulen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/balkaninsight.com\/2018\/09\/06\/six-turkish-professors-detained-by-moldovan-secret-services-09-06-2018\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/turkeypurge.com\/turkey-spying-imams-active-also-in-norway<\/a> ; https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/turkeys-autocratic-president-erdogans-spying-profiling-expands-in-norway\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/kafila.org\/www-matthewaid-com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/report-sweden-launches-espionage-probe-into-turkish-govt-representatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/politics\/undiplomatic_swiss-eye-alleged-turkish-kidnapping-attempt\/43973170 ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/swiss-foreign-minister-warns-turkey-against-illegal-spying-111199 ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/eu-affairs\/2017\/05\/01\/as-anti-turkish-politics-grip-europe-turkish-swiss-policeman-arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-brings-key-feto-suspect-from-ukraine-to-turkey-134608<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.meforum.org\/60976\/turkish-spy-agency-mit-intelligence-gathering-australia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-court\/egypt-detains-29-people-on-suspicion-of-espionage-for-turkey-idUSKBN1DM1AN<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/33764\/In-Pictures-Egypt-foils-Turkish-espionage-attempt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-agency-brings-three-feto-members-from-gabon-to-turkey-130050<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/turkey\/turkish-intelligence-agency-rescues-a-kidnapped-italian-citizen-in-kenya-36192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20190807-libyan-national-army-turkish-intelligence-is-operating-in-tripoli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/11\/27\/senior-feto-figure-captured-by-turkish-intelligence-in-sudan\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[18]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aljazeera.com.tr\/haber\/mit-tirlari-boyle-durduruldu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/bianet.org\/bianet\/insan-haklari\/155519-tir-lari-durdurmakla-suclanan-13-askere-muebbet-istendi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milliyet.com.tr\/gundem\/mit-tirlari-olayinda-yeni-gelisme-5-savci-gorevden-uzaklastirildi-1999064<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/erdogandan-canli-yayinda-can-dundara-tehdit-288885<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.faz.net\/aktuell\/politik\/ausland\/europa\/tuerkei\/tuerkei-kampf-gegen-die-soldaten-des-lichts-12715816.html?printPagedArticle=true#pageIndex_3<\/a> ; https:\/\/taz.de\/Wie-Guelen-zum-Staatsfeind-Nr-1-wurde\/!5323191\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2021\/02\/03\/son-dakika-istihbarattaki-fetocu-generalden-bomba-itiraflar-tegmen-rutbemi-fetullah-gulen-takti<\/a> ; https:\/\/tr.sputniknews.com\/turkiye\/202001211041211454-sozcu-ilker-basbugu-cezaevine-attiran-feto-mektubunu-acikliyoruz\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.genios.de\/presse-archiv\/artikel\/FAZ\/20171111\/jagd-auf-die-guelenisten\/FR1201711115279571.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nadir.org\/nadir\/initiativ\/isku\/hintergrund\/geheimdienste\/geheim994.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/tuerkischer-geheimdienst-liess-erdogan-gegner-in-deutschland-ausspionieren\/12027820.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article157778863\/Erdogans-Agenten-bedrohen-Tuerken-in-Deutschland.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html ;  https:\/\/www.derstandard.at\/story\/1397522175727\/geheimdienst-staat-tuerkei<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2020\/09\/turkey-austria-spy-nehammer-kurdish-clashes-protests-vienna.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/austria-turkey-espionage-int-idUSKBN25S4R5<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/10\/13\/world\/europe\/turkey-austria-erdogan-assassin.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/global-europe\/news\/flemish-minister-turkish-sponosred-mosque-is-nest-of-spies\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/07\/06\/influenced-by-gulenists-belgium-targets-turkish-mosques-fighting-extremism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/erdogan-critics-listed-by-turkish-embassy-in-prague-were-included-in-bogus-terrorism-probe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turk-greek-ties-strained-by-arson-row-10324<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-greece-germany-spying\/greek-police-arrest-german-on-suspicion-of-spying-idUSBRE97208820130803<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kathimerini.gr\/society\/896001\/istories-me-kataskopoys-sto-aigaio\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.larissanet.gr\/2019\/06\/21\/dikazetai-sti-rodo-kataskopos-tis-tourkias\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/ahvalnews.com\/mit\/turkish-intelligence-recruits-eu-retirees-spy-greece<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/04\/turkish-intelligence-operations-targeting-critics-in-greece-exposed-in-secret-documents\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/intelnews.org\/2016\/12\/09\/01-2023\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/more-secret-documents-confirming-vast-turkish-espionage-activities-in-greece-uncovered\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.skai.gr\/news\/greece\/dyo-syllipseis-ellinon-gia-kataskopeia-sti-rodo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-kosovo-security-turkey-idUSKBN1H70CC<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/opinion\/murat-yetkin\/turkish-intelligence-unveils-secret-codes-used-before-coup-attempt-103843<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2018\/09\/turkish-teachers-detained-moldova-gulen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/balkaninsight.com\/2018\/09\/06\/six-turkish-professors-detained-by-moldovan-secret-services-09-06-2018\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/turkeypurge.com\/turkey-spying-imams-active-also-in-norway<\/a> ; https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/turkeys-autocratic-president-erdogans-spying-profiling-expands-in-norway\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/kafila.org\/www-matthewaid-com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/report-sweden-launches-espionage-probe-into-turkish-govt-representatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/politics\/undiplomatic_swiss-eye-alleged-turkish-kidnapping-attempt\/43973170 ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/swiss-foreign-minister-warns-turkey-against-illegal-spying-111199 ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/eu-affairs\/2017\/05\/01\/as-anti-turkish-politics-grip-europe-turkish-swiss-policeman-arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-brings-key-feto-suspect-from-ukraine-to-turkey-134608<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.meforum.org\/60976\/turkish-spy-agency-mit-intelligence-gathering-australia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-court\/egypt-detains-29-people-on-suspicion-of-espionage-for-turkey-idUSKBN1DM1AN<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/33764\/In-Pictures-Egypt-foils-Turkish-espionage-attempt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-agency-brings-three-feto-members-from-gabon-to-turkey-130050<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/turkey\/turkish-intelligence-agency-rescues-a-kidnapped-italian-citizen-in-kenya-36192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20190807-libyan-national-army-turkish-intelligence-is-operating-in-tripoli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/11\/27\/senior-feto-figure-captured-by-turkish-intelligence-in-sudan\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.haber7.com\/guncel\/haber\/1121773-mit-tirlari-neden-durduruldu ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aljazeera.com.tr\/haber\/mit-tirlari-boyle-durduruldu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/bianet.org\/bianet\/insan-haklari\/155519-tir-lari-durdurmakla-suclanan-13-askere-muebbet-istendi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milliyet.com.tr\/gundem\/mit-tirlari-olayinda-yeni-gelisme-5-savci-gorevden-uzaklastirildi-1999064<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/erdogandan-canli-yayinda-can-dundara-tehdit-288885<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.faz.net\/aktuell\/politik\/ausland\/europa\/tuerkei\/tuerkei-kampf-gegen-die-soldaten-des-lichts-12715816.html?printPagedArticle=true#pageIndex_3<\/a> ; https:\/\/taz.de\/Wie-Guelen-zum-Staatsfeind-Nr-1-wurde\/!5323191\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2021\/02\/03\/son-dakika-istihbarattaki-fetocu-generalden-bomba-itiraflar-tegmen-rutbemi-fetullah-gulen-takti<\/a> ; https:\/\/tr.sputniknews.com\/turkiye\/202001211041211454-sozcu-ilker-basbugu-cezaevine-attiran-feto-mektubunu-acikliyoruz\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.genios.de\/presse-archiv\/artikel\/FAZ\/20171111\/jagd-auf-die-guelenisten\/FR1201711115279571.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nadir.org\/nadir\/initiativ\/isku\/hintergrund\/geheimdienste\/geheim994.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/tuerkischer-geheimdienst-liess-erdogan-gegner-in-deutschland-ausspionieren\/12027820.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article157778863\/Erdogans-Agenten-bedrohen-Tuerken-in-Deutschland.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html ;  https:\/\/www.derstandard.at\/story\/1397522175727\/geheimdienst-staat-tuerkei<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2020\/09\/turkey-austria-spy-nehammer-kurdish-clashes-protests-vienna.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/austria-turkey-espionage-int-idUSKBN25S4R5<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/10\/13\/world\/europe\/turkey-austria-erdogan-assassin.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/global-europe\/news\/flemish-minister-turkish-sponosred-mosque-is-nest-of-spies\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/07\/06\/influenced-by-gulenists-belgium-targets-turkish-mosques-fighting-extremism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/erdogan-critics-listed-by-turkish-embassy-in-prague-were-included-in-bogus-terrorism-probe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turk-greek-ties-strained-by-arson-row-10324<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-greece-germany-spying\/greek-police-arrest-german-on-suspicion-of-spying-idUSBRE97208820130803<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kathimerini.gr\/society\/896001\/istories-me-kataskopoys-sto-aigaio\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.larissanet.gr\/2019\/06\/21\/dikazetai-sti-rodo-kataskopos-tis-tourkias\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/ahvalnews.com\/mit\/turkish-intelligence-recruits-eu-retirees-spy-greece<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/04\/turkish-intelligence-operations-targeting-critics-in-greece-exposed-in-secret-documents\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/intelnews.org\/2016\/12\/09\/01-2023\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/more-secret-documents-confirming-vast-turkish-espionage-activities-in-greece-uncovered\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.skai.gr\/news\/greece\/dyo-syllipseis-ellinon-gia-kataskopeia-sti-rodo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-kosovo-security-turkey-idUSKBN1H70CC<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/opinion\/murat-yetkin\/turkish-intelligence-unveils-secret-codes-used-before-coup-attempt-103843<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2018\/09\/turkish-teachers-detained-moldova-gulen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/balkaninsight.com\/2018\/09\/06\/six-turkish-professors-detained-by-moldovan-secret-services-09-06-2018\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/turkeypurge.com\/turkey-spying-imams-active-also-in-norway<\/a> ; https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/turkeys-autocratic-president-erdogans-spying-profiling-expands-in-norway\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/kafila.org\/www-matthewaid-com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/report-sweden-launches-espionage-probe-into-turkish-govt-representatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/politics\/undiplomatic_swiss-eye-alleged-turkish-kidnapping-attempt\/43973170 ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/swiss-foreign-minister-warns-turkey-against-illegal-spying-111199 ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/eu-affairs\/2017\/05\/01\/as-anti-turkish-politics-grip-europe-turkish-swiss-policeman-arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-brings-key-feto-suspect-from-ukraine-to-turkey-134608<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.meforum.org\/60976\/turkish-spy-agency-mit-intelligence-gathering-australia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-court\/egypt-detains-29-people-on-suspicion-of-espionage-for-turkey-idUSKBN1DM1AN<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/33764\/In-Pictures-Egypt-foils-Turkish-espionage-attempt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-agency-brings-three-feto-members-from-gabon-to-turkey-130050<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/turkey\/turkish-intelligence-agency-rescues-a-kidnapped-italian-citizen-in-kenya-36192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20190807-libyan-national-army-turkish-intelligence-is-operating-in-tripoli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/11\/27\/senior-feto-figure-captured-by-turkish-intelligence-in-sudan\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[16]<\/a> 1000 colpi di mortaio, 1000 colpi di artiglieria, 50\u2019000 fucili d'assalto e 30\u2019000 munizioni per mitragliatrice \u2013 see in https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529223636\/http:\/\/www.aktifhaber.com\/devlet-sirri-denilen-mit-tirlari-ile-ilgili-tapeler-1053377h.htm#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.haber7.com\/guncel\/haber\/1121773-mit-tirlari-neden-durduruldu ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aljazeera.com.tr\/haber\/mit-tirlari-boyle-durduruldu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/bianet.org\/bianet\/insan-haklari\/155519-tir-lari-durdurmakla-suclanan-13-askere-muebbet-istendi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milliyet.com.tr\/gundem\/mit-tirlari-olayinda-yeni-gelisme-5-savci-gorevden-uzaklastirildi-1999064<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/erdogandan-canli-yayinda-can-dundara-tehdit-288885<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.faz.net\/aktuell\/politik\/ausland\/europa\/tuerkei\/tuerkei-kampf-gegen-die-soldaten-des-lichts-12715816.html?printPagedArticle=true#pageIndex_3<\/a> ; https:\/\/taz.de\/Wie-Guelen-zum-Staatsfeind-Nr-1-wurde\/!5323191\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2021\/02\/03\/son-dakika-istihbarattaki-fetocu-generalden-bomba-itiraflar-tegmen-rutbemi-fetullah-gulen-takti<\/a> ; https:\/\/tr.sputniknews.com\/turkiye\/202001211041211454-sozcu-ilker-basbugu-cezaevine-attiran-feto-mektubunu-acikliyoruz\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.genios.de\/presse-archiv\/artikel\/FAZ\/20171111\/jagd-auf-die-guelenisten\/FR1201711115279571.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nadir.org\/nadir\/initiativ\/isku\/hintergrund\/geheimdienste\/geheim994.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/tuerkischer-geheimdienst-liess-erdogan-gegner-in-deutschland-ausspionieren\/12027820.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article157778863\/Erdogans-Agenten-bedrohen-Tuerken-in-Deutschland.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html ;  https:\/\/www.derstandard.at\/story\/1397522175727\/geheimdienst-staat-tuerkei<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2020\/09\/turkey-austria-spy-nehammer-kurdish-clashes-protests-vienna.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/austria-turkey-espionage-int-idUSKBN25S4R5<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/10\/13\/world\/europe\/turkey-austria-erdogan-assassin.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/global-europe\/news\/flemish-minister-turkish-sponosred-mosque-is-nest-of-spies\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/07\/06\/influenced-by-gulenists-belgium-targets-turkish-mosques-fighting-extremism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/erdogan-critics-listed-by-turkish-embassy-in-prague-were-included-in-bogus-terrorism-probe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turk-greek-ties-strained-by-arson-row-10324<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-greece-germany-spying\/greek-police-arrest-german-on-suspicion-of-spying-idUSBRE97208820130803<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kathimerini.gr\/society\/896001\/istories-me-kataskopoys-sto-aigaio\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.larissanet.gr\/2019\/06\/21\/dikazetai-sti-rodo-kataskopos-tis-tourkias\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/ahvalnews.com\/mit\/turkish-intelligence-recruits-eu-retirees-spy-greece<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/04\/turkish-intelligence-operations-targeting-critics-in-greece-exposed-in-secret-documents\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/intelnews.org\/2016\/12\/09\/01-2023\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/more-secret-documents-confirming-vast-turkish-espionage-activities-in-greece-uncovered\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.skai.gr\/news\/greece\/dyo-syllipseis-ellinon-gia-kataskopeia-sti-rodo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-kosovo-security-turkey-idUSKBN1H70CC<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/opinion\/murat-yetkin\/turkish-intelligence-unveils-secret-codes-used-before-coup-attempt-103843<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2018\/09\/turkish-teachers-detained-moldova-gulen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/balkaninsight.com\/2018\/09\/06\/six-turkish-professors-detained-by-moldovan-secret-services-09-06-2018\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/turkeypurge.com\/turkey-spying-imams-active-also-in-norway<\/a> ; https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/turkeys-autocratic-president-erdogans-spying-profiling-expands-in-norway\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/kafila.org\/www-matthewaid-com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/report-sweden-launches-espionage-probe-into-turkish-govt-representatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/politics\/undiplomatic_swiss-eye-alleged-turkish-kidnapping-attempt\/43973170 ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/swiss-foreign-minister-warns-turkey-against-illegal-spying-111199 ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/eu-affairs\/2017\/05\/01\/as-anti-turkish-politics-grip-europe-turkish-swiss-policeman-arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-brings-key-feto-suspect-from-ukraine-to-turkey-134608<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.meforum.org\/60976\/turkish-spy-agency-mit-intelligence-gathering-australia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-court\/egypt-detains-29-people-on-suspicion-of-espionage-for-turkey-idUSKBN1DM1AN<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/33764\/In-Pictures-Egypt-foils-Turkish-espionage-attempt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-agency-brings-three-feto-members-from-gabon-to-turkey-130050<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/turkey\/turkish-intelligence-agency-rescues-a-kidnapped-italian-citizen-in-kenya-36192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20190807-libyan-national-army-turkish-intelligence-is-operating-in-tripoli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/11\/27\/senior-feto-figure-captured-by-turkish-intelligence-in-sudan\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/t24.com.tr\/haber\/adanada-3-tir-durduruldu-arama-yapiliyor,248707<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> 1000 colpi di mortaio, 1000 colpi di artiglieria, 50\u2019000 fucili d'assalto e 30\u2019000 munizioni per mitragliatrice \u2013 see in https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529223636\/http:\/\/www.aktifhaber.com\/devlet-sirri-denilen-mit-tirlari-ile-ilgili-tapeler-1053377h.htm#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.haber7.com\/guncel\/haber\/1121773-mit-tirlari-neden-durduruldu ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aljazeera.com.tr\/haber\/mit-tirlari-boyle-durduruldu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/bianet.org\/bianet\/insan-haklari\/155519-tir-lari-durdurmakla-suclanan-13-askere-muebbet-istendi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milliyet.com.tr\/gundem\/mit-tirlari-olayinda-yeni-gelisme-5-savci-gorevden-uzaklastirildi-1999064<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/erdogandan-canli-yayinda-can-dundara-tehdit-288885<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.faz.net\/aktuell\/politik\/ausland\/europa\/tuerkei\/tuerkei-kampf-gegen-die-soldaten-des-lichts-12715816.html?printPagedArticle=true#pageIndex_3<\/a> ; https:\/\/taz.de\/Wie-Guelen-zum-Staatsfeind-Nr-1-wurde\/!5323191\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2021\/02\/03\/son-dakika-istihbarattaki-fetocu-generalden-bomba-itiraflar-tegmen-rutbemi-fetullah-gulen-takti<\/a> ; https:\/\/tr.sputniknews.com\/turkiye\/202001211041211454-sozcu-ilker-basbugu-cezaevine-attiran-feto-mektubunu-acikliyoruz\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.genios.de\/presse-archiv\/artikel\/FAZ\/20171111\/jagd-auf-die-guelenisten\/FR1201711115279571.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nadir.org\/nadir\/initiativ\/isku\/hintergrund\/geheimdienste\/geheim994.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/tuerkischer-geheimdienst-liess-erdogan-gegner-in-deutschland-ausspionieren\/12027820.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article157778863\/Erdogans-Agenten-bedrohen-Tuerken-in-Deutschland.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html ;  https:\/\/www.derstandard.at\/story\/1397522175727\/geheimdienst-staat-tuerkei<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2020\/09\/turkey-austria-spy-nehammer-kurdish-clashes-protests-vienna.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/austria-turkey-espionage-int-idUSKBN25S4R5<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/10\/13\/world\/europe\/turkey-austria-erdogan-assassin.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/global-europe\/news\/flemish-minister-turkish-sponosred-mosque-is-nest-of-spies\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/07\/06\/influenced-by-gulenists-belgium-targets-turkish-mosques-fighting-extremism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/erdogan-critics-listed-by-turkish-embassy-in-prague-were-included-in-bogus-terrorism-probe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turk-greek-ties-strained-by-arson-row-10324<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-greece-germany-spying\/greek-police-arrest-german-on-suspicion-of-spying-idUSBRE97208820130803<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kathimerini.gr\/society\/896001\/istories-me-kataskopoys-sto-aigaio\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.larissanet.gr\/2019\/06\/21\/dikazetai-sti-rodo-kataskopos-tis-tourkias\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/ahvalnews.com\/mit\/turkish-intelligence-recruits-eu-retirees-spy-greece<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/04\/turkish-intelligence-operations-targeting-critics-in-greece-exposed-in-secret-documents\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/intelnews.org\/2016\/12\/09\/01-2023\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/more-secret-documents-confirming-vast-turkish-espionage-activities-in-greece-uncovered\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.skai.gr\/news\/greece\/dyo-syllipseis-ellinon-gia-kataskopeia-sti-rodo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-kosovo-security-turkey-idUSKBN1H70CC<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/opinion\/murat-yetkin\/turkish-intelligence-unveils-secret-codes-used-before-coup-attempt-103843<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2018\/09\/turkish-teachers-detained-moldova-gulen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/balkaninsight.com\/2018\/09\/06\/six-turkish-professors-detained-by-moldovan-secret-services-09-06-2018\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/turkeypurge.com\/turkey-spying-imams-active-also-in-norway<\/a> ; https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/turkeys-autocratic-president-erdogans-spying-profiling-expands-in-norway\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/kafila.org\/www-matthewaid-com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/report-sweden-launches-espionage-probe-into-turkish-govt-representatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/politics\/undiplomatic_swiss-eye-alleged-turkish-kidnapping-attempt\/43973170 ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/swiss-foreign-minister-warns-turkey-against-illegal-spying-111199 ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/eu-affairs\/2017\/05\/01\/as-anti-turkish-politics-grip-europe-turkish-swiss-policeman-arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-brings-key-feto-suspect-from-ukraine-to-turkey-134608<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.meforum.org\/60976\/turkish-spy-agency-mit-intelligence-gathering-australia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-court\/egypt-detains-29-people-on-suspicion-of-espionage-for-turkey-idUSKBN1DM1AN<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/33764\/In-Pictures-Egypt-foils-Turkish-espionage-attempt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-agency-brings-three-feto-members-from-gabon-to-turkey-130050<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/turkey\/turkish-intelligence-agency-rescues-a-kidnapped-italian-citizen-in-kenya-36192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20190807-libyan-national-army-turkish-intelligence-is-operating-in-tripoli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/11\/27\/senior-feto-figure-captured-by-turkish-intelligence-in-sudan\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[14]<\/a> Hakan Fidan on Nexis, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/t24.com.tr\/haber\/adanada-3-tir-durduruldu-arama-yapiliyor,248707<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> 1000 colpi di mortaio, 1000 colpi di artiglieria, 50\u2019000 fucili d'assalto e 30\u2019000 munizioni per mitragliatrice \u2013 see in https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529223636\/http:\/\/www.aktifhaber.com\/devlet-sirri-denilen-mit-tirlari-ile-ilgili-tapeler-1053377h.htm#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.haber7.com\/guncel\/haber\/1121773-mit-tirlari-neden-durduruldu ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aljazeera.com.tr\/haber\/mit-tirlari-boyle-durduruldu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/bianet.org\/bianet\/insan-haklari\/155519-tir-lari-durdurmakla-suclanan-13-askere-muebbet-istendi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milliyet.com.tr\/gundem\/mit-tirlari-olayinda-yeni-gelisme-5-savci-gorevden-uzaklastirildi-1999064<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/erdogandan-canli-yayinda-can-dundara-tehdit-288885<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.faz.net\/aktuell\/politik\/ausland\/europa\/tuerkei\/tuerkei-kampf-gegen-die-soldaten-des-lichts-12715816.html?printPagedArticle=true#pageIndex_3<\/a> ; https:\/\/taz.de\/Wie-Guelen-zum-Staatsfeind-Nr-1-wurde\/!5323191\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2021\/02\/03\/son-dakika-istihbarattaki-fetocu-generalden-bomba-itiraflar-tegmen-rutbemi-fetullah-gulen-takti<\/a> ; https:\/\/tr.sputniknews.com\/turkiye\/202001211041211454-sozcu-ilker-basbugu-cezaevine-attiran-feto-mektubunu-acikliyoruz\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.genios.de\/presse-archiv\/artikel\/FAZ\/20171111\/jagd-auf-die-guelenisten\/FR1201711115279571.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nadir.org\/nadir\/initiativ\/isku\/hintergrund\/geheimdienste\/geheim994.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/tuerkischer-geheimdienst-liess-erdogan-gegner-in-deutschland-ausspionieren\/12027820.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article157778863\/Erdogans-Agenten-bedrohen-Tuerken-in-Deutschland.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html ;  https:\/\/www.derstandard.at\/story\/1397522175727\/geheimdienst-staat-tuerkei<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2020\/09\/turkey-austria-spy-nehammer-kurdish-clashes-protests-vienna.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/austria-turkey-espionage-int-idUSKBN25S4R5<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/10\/13\/world\/europe\/turkey-austria-erdogan-assassin.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/global-europe\/news\/flemish-minister-turkish-sponosred-mosque-is-nest-of-spies\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/07\/06\/influenced-by-gulenists-belgium-targets-turkish-mosques-fighting-extremism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/erdogan-critics-listed-by-turkish-embassy-in-prague-were-included-in-bogus-terrorism-probe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turk-greek-ties-strained-by-arson-row-10324<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-greece-germany-spying\/greek-police-arrest-german-on-suspicion-of-spying-idUSBRE97208820130803<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kathimerini.gr\/society\/896001\/istories-me-kataskopoys-sto-aigaio\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.larissanet.gr\/2019\/06\/21\/dikazetai-sti-rodo-kataskopos-tis-tourkias\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/ahvalnews.com\/mit\/turkish-intelligence-recruits-eu-retirees-spy-greece<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/04\/turkish-intelligence-operations-targeting-critics-in-greece-exposed-in-secret-documents\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/intelnews.org\/2016\/12\/09\/01-2023\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/more-secret-documents-confirming-vast-turkish-espionage-activities-in-greece-uncovered\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.skai.gr\/news\/greece\/dyo-syllipseis-ellinon-gia-kataskopeia-sti-rodo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-kosovo-security-turkey-idUSKBN1H70CC<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/opinion\/murat-yetkin\/turkish-intelligence-unveils-secret-codes-used-before-coup-attempt-103843<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2018\/09\/turkish-teachers-detained-moldova-gulen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/balkaninsight.com\/2018\/09\/06\/six-turkish-professors-detained-by-moldovan-secret-services-09-06-2018\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/turkeypurge.com\/turkey-spying-imams-active-also-in-norway<\/a> ; https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/turkeys-autocratic-president-erdogans-spying-profiling-expands-in-norway\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/kafila.org\/www-matthewaid-com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/report-sweden-launches-espionage-probe-into-turkish-govt-representatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/politics\/undiplomatic_swiss-eye-alleged-turkish-kidnapping-attempt\/43973170 ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/swiss-foreign-minister-warns-turkey-against-illegal-spying-111199 ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/eu-affairs\/2017\/05\/01\/as-anti-turkish-politics-grip-europe-turkish-swiss-policeman-arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-brings-key-feto-suspect-from-ukraine-to-turkey-134608<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.meforum.org\/60976\/turkish-spy-agency-mit-intelligence-gathering-australia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-court\/egypt-detains-29-people-on-suspicion-of-espionage-for-turkey-idUSKBN1DM1AN<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/33764\/In-Pictures-Egypt-foils-Turkish-espionage-attempt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-agency-brings-three-feto-members-from-gabon-to-turkey-130050<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/turkey\/turkish-intelligence-agency-rescues-a-kidnapped-italian-citizen-in-kenya-36192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20190807-libyan-national-army-turkish-intelligence-is-operating-in-tripoli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/11\/27\/senior-feto-figure-captured-by-turkish-intelligence-in-sudan\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mill%C3%AE_%C4%B0stihbarat_Te%C5%9Fkil%C3%A2t%C4%B1#Leitung<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> Hakan Fidan on Nexis, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/t24.com.tr\/haber\/adanada-3-tir-durduruldu-arama-yapiliyor,248707<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> 1000 colpi di mortaio, 1000 colpi di artiglieria, 50\u2019000 fucili d'assalto e 30\u2019000 munizioni per mitragliatrice \u2013 see in https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529223636\/http:\/\/www.aktifhaber.com\/devlet-sirri-denilen-mit-tirlari-ile-ilgili-tapeler-1053377h.htm#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.haber7.com\/guncel\/haber\/1121773-mit-tirlari-neden-durduruldu ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aljazeera.com.tr\/haber\/mit-tirlari-boyle-durduruldu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/bianet.org\/bianet\/insan-haklari\/155519-tir-lari-durdurmakla-suclanan-13-askere-muebbet-istendi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milliyet.com.tr\/gundem\/mit-tirlari-olayinda-yeni-gelisme-5-savci-gorevden-uzaklastirildi-1999064<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/erdogandan-canli-yayinda-can-dundara-tehdit-288885<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.faz.net\/aktuell\/politik\/ausland\/europa\/tuerkei\/tuerkei-kampf-gegen-die-soldaten-des-lichts-12715816.html?printPagedArticle=true#pageIndex_3<\/a> ; https:\/\/taz.de\/Wie-Guelen-zum-Staatsfeind-Nr-1-wurde\/!5323191\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2021\/02\/03\/son-dakika-istihbarattaki-fetocu-generalden-bomba-itiraflar-tegmen-rutbemi-fetullah-gulen-takti<\/a> ; https:\/\/tr.sputniknews.com\/turkiye\/202001211041211454-sozcu-ilker-basbugu-cezaevine-attiran-feto-mektubunu-acikliyoruz\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.genios.de\/presse-archiv\/artikel\/FAZ\/20171111\/jagd-auf-die-guelenisten\/FR1201711115279571.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nadir.org\/nadir\/initiativ\/isku\/hintergrund\/geheimdienste\/geheim994.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/tuerkischer-geheimdienst-liess-erdogan-gegner-in-deutschland-ausspionieren\/12027820.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article157778863\/Erdogans-Agenten-bedrohen-Tuerken-in-Deutschland.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html ;  https:\/\/www.derstandard.at\/story\/1397522175727\/geheimdienst-staat-tuerkei<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2020\/09\/turkey-austria-spy-nehammer-kurdish-clashes-protests-vienna.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/austria-turkey-espionage-int-idUSKBN25S4R5<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/10\/13\/world\/europe\/turkey-austria-erdogan-assassin.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/global-europe\/news\/flemish-minister-turkish-sponosred-mosque-is-nest-of-spies\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/07\/06\/influenced-by-gulenists-belgium-targets-turkish-mosques-fighting-extremism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/erdogan-critics-listed-by-turkish-embassy-in-prague-were-included-in-bogus-terrorism-probe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turk-greek-ties-strained-by-arson-row-10324<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-greece-germany-spying\/greek-police-arrest-german-on-suspicion-of-spying-idUSBRE97208820130803<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kathimerini.gr\/society\/896001\/istories-me-kataskopoys-sto-aigaio\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.larissanet.gr\/2019\/06\/21\/dikazetai-sti-rodo-kataskopos-tis-tourkias\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/ahvalnews.com\/mit\/turkish-intelligence-recruits-eu-retirees-spy-greece<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/04\/turkish-intelligence-operations-targeting-critics-in-greece-exposed-in-secret-documents\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/intelnews.org\/2016\/12\/09\/01-2023\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/more-secret-documents-confirming-vast-turkish-espionage-activities-in-greece-uncovered\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.skai.gr\/news\/greece\/dyo-syllipseis-ellinon-gia-kataskopeia-sti-rodo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-kosovo-security-turkey-idUSKBN1H70CC<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/opinion\/murat-yetkin\/turkish-intelligence-unveils-secret-codes-used-before-coup-attempt-103843<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2018\/09\/turkish-teachers-detained-moldova-gulen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/balkaninsight.com\/2018\/09\/06\/six-turkish-professors-detained-by-moldovan-secret-services-09-06-2018\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/turkeypurge.com\/turkey-spying-imams-active-also-in-norway<\/a> ; https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/turkeys-autocratic-president-erdogans-spying-profiling-expands-in-norway\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/kafila.org\/www-matthewaid-com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/report-sweden-launches-espionage-probe-into-turkish-govt-representatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/politics\/undiplomatic_swiss-eye-alleged-turkish-kidnapping-attempt\/43973170 ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/swiss-foreign-minister-warns-turkey-against-illegal-spying-111199 ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/eu-affairs\/2017\/05\/01\/as-anti-turkish-politics-grip-europe-turkish-swiss-policeman-arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-brings-key-feto-suspect-from-ukraine-to-turkey-134608<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.meforum.org\/60976\/turkish-spy-agency-mit-intelligence-gathering-australia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-court\/egypt-detains-29-people-on-suspicion-of-espionage-for-turkey-idUSKBN1DM1AN<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/33764\/In-Pictures-Egypt-foils-Turkish-espionage-attempt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-agency-brings-three-feto-members-from-gabon-to-turkey-130050<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/turkey\/turkish-intelligence-agency-rescues-a-kidnapped-italian-citizen-in-kenya-36192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20190807-libyan-national-army-turkish-intelligence-is-operating-in-tripoli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/11\/27\/senior-feto-figure-captured-by-turkish-intelligence-in-sudan\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


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[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[12]<\/a> 2017.04.13 T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mill%C3%AE_%C4%B0stihbarat_Te%C5%9Fkil%C3%A2t%C4%B1#Leitung<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> Hakan Fidan on Nexis, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/t24.com.tr\/haber\/adanada-3-tir-durduruldu-arama-yapiliyor,248707<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> 1000 colpi di mortaio, 1000 colpi di artiglieria, 50\u2019000 fucili d'assalto e 30\u2019000 munizioni per mitragliatrice \u2013 see in https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529223636\/http:\/\/www.aktifhaber.com\/devlet-sirri-denilen-mit-tirlari-ile-ilgili-tapeler-1053377h.htm#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.haber7.com\/guncel\/haber\/1121773-mit-tirlari-neden-durduruldu ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aljazeera.com.tr\/haber\/mit-tirlari-boyle-durduruldu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/bianet.org\/bianet\/insan-haklari\/155519-tir-lari-durdurmakla-suclanan-13-askere-muebbet-istendi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milliyet.com.tr\/gundem\/mit-tirlari-olayinda-yeni-gelisme-5-savci-gorevden-uzaklastirildi-1999064<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/erdogandan-canli-yayinda-can-dundara-tehdit-288885<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.faz.net\/aktuell\/politik\/ausland\/europa\/tuerkei\/tuerkei-kampf-gegen-die-soldaten-des-lichts-12715816.html?printPagedArticle=true#pageIndex_3<\/a> ; https:\/\/taz.de\/Wie-Guelen-zum-Staatsfeind-Nr-1-wurde\/!5323191\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2021\/02\/03\/son-dakika-istihbarattaki-fetocu-generalden-bomba-itiraflar-tegmen-rutbemi-fetullah-gulen-takti<\/a> ; https:\/\/tr.sputniknews.com\/turkiye\/202001211041211454-sozcu-ilker-basbugu-cezaevine-attiran-feto-mektubunu-acikliyoruz\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.genios.de\/presse-archiv\/artikel\/FAZ\/20171111\/jagd-auf-die-guelenisten\/FR1201711115279571.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nadir.org\/nadir\/initiativ\/isku\/hintergrund\/geheimdienste\/geheim994.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/tuerkischer-geheimdienst-liess-erdogan-gegner-in-deutschland-ausspionieren\/12027820.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article157778863\/Erdogans-Agenten-bedrohen-Tuerken-in-Deutschland.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html ;  https:\/\/www.derstandard.at\/story\/1397522175727\/geheimdienst-staat-tuerkei<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2020\/09\/turkey-austria-spy-nehammer-kurdish-clashes-protests-vienna.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/austria-turkey-espionage-int-idUSKBN25S4R5<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/10\/13\/world\/europe\/turkey-austria-erdogan-assassin.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/global-europe\/news\/flemish-minister-turkish-sponosred-mosque-is-nest-of-spies\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/07\/06\/influenced-by-gulenists-belgium-targets-turkish-mosques-fighting-extremism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/erdogan-critics-listed-by-turkish-embassy-in-prague-were-included-in-bogus-terrorism-probe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turk-greek-ties-strained-by-arson-row-10324<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-greece-germany-spying\/greek-police-arrest-german-on-suspicion-of-spying-idUSBRE97208820130803<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kathimerini.gr\/society\/896001\/istories-me-kataskopoys-sto-aigaio\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.larissanet.gr\/2019\/06\/21\/dikazetai-sti-rodo-kataskopos-tis-tourkias\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/ahvalnews.com\/mit\/turkish-intelligence-recruits-eu-retirees-spy-greece<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/04\/turkish-intelligence-operations-targeting-critics-in-greece-exposed-in-secret-documents\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/intelnews.org\/2016\/12\/09\/01-2023\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/more-secret-documents-confirming-vast-turkish-espionage-activities-in-greece-uncovered\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.skai.gr\/news\/greece\/dyo-syllipseis-ellinon-gia-kataskopeia-sti-rodo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-kosovo-security-turkey-idUSKBN1H70CC<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/opinion\/murat-yetkin\/turkish-intelligence-unveils-secret-codes-used-before-coup-attempt-103843<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2018\/09\/turkish-teachers-detained-moldova-gulen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/balkaninsight.com\/2018\/09\/06\/six-turkish-professors-detained-by-moldovan-secret-services-09-06-2018\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/turkeypurge.com\/turkey-spying-imams-active-also-in-norway<\/a> ; https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/turkeys-autocratic-president-erdogans-spying-profiling-expands-in-norway\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/kafila.org\/www-matthewaid-com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/report-sweden-launches-espionage-probe-into-turkish-govt-representatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/politics\/undiplomatic_swiss-eye-alleged-turkish-kidnapping-attempt\/43973170 ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/swiss-foreign-minister-warns-turkey-against-illegal-spying-111199 ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/eu-affairs\/2017\/05\/01\/as-anti-turkish-politics-grip-europe-turkish-swiss-policeman-arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-brings-key-feto-suspect-from-ukraine-to-turkey-134608<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.meforum.org\/60976\/turkish-spy-agency-mit-intelligence-gathering-australia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-court\/egypt-detains-29-people-on-suspicion-of-espionage-for-turkey-idUSKBN1DM1AN<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/33764\/In-Pictures-Egypt-foils-Turkish-espionage-attempt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-agency-brings-three-feto-members-from-gabon-to-turkey-130050<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/turkey\/turkish-intelligence-agency-rescues-a-kidnapped-italian-citizen-in-kenya-36192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20190807-libyan-national-army-turkish-intelligence-is-operating-in-tripoli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/11\/27\/senior-feto-figure-captured-by-turkish-intelligence-in-sudan\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


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[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[11]<\/a> T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> 2017.04.13 T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mill%C3%AE_%C4%B0stihbarat_Te%C5%9Fkil%C3%A2t%C4%B1#Leitung<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> Hakan Fidan on Nexis, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/t24.com.tr\/haber\/adanada-3-tir-durduruldu-arama-yapiliyor,248707<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> 1000 colpi di mortaio, 1000 colpi di artiglieria, 50\u2019000 fucili d'assalto e 30\u2019000 munizioni per mitragliatrice \u2013 see in https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529223636\/http:\/\/www.aktifhaber.com\/devlet-sirri-denilen-mit-tirlari-ile-ilgili-tapeler-1053377h.htm#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.haber7.com\/guncel\/haber\/1121773-mit-tirlari-neden-durduruldu ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aljazeera.com.tr\/haber\/mit-tirlari-boyle-durduruldu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/bianet.org\/bianet\/insan-haklari\/155519-tir-lari-durdurmakla-suclanan-13-askere-muebbet-istendi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milliyet.com.tr\/gundem\/mit-tirlari-olayinda-yeni-gelisme-5-savci-gorevden-uzaklastirildi-1999064<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/erdogandan-canli-yayinda-can-dundara-tehdit-288885<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.faz.net\/aktuell\/politik\/ausland\/europa\/tuerkei\/tuerkei-kampf-gegen-die-soldaten-des-lichts-12715816.html?printPagedArticle=true#pageIndex_3<\/a> ; https:\/\/taz.de\/Wie-Guelen-zum-Staatsfeind-Nr-1-wurde\/!5323191\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2021\/02\/03\/son-dakika-istihbarattaki-fetocu-generalden-bomba-itiraflar-tegmen-rutbemi-fetullah-gulen-takti<\/a> ; https:\/\/tr.sputniknews.com\/turkiye\/202001211041211454-sozcu-ilker-basbugu-cezaevine-attiran-feto-mektubunu-acikliyoruz\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.genios.de\/presse-archiv\/artikel\/FAZ\/20171111\/jagd-auf-die-guelenisten\/FR1201711115279571.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nadir.org\/nadir\/initiativ\/isku\/hintergrund\/geheimdienste\/geheim994.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/tuerkischer-geheimdienst-liess-erdogan-gegner-in-deutschland-ausspionieren\/12027820.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article157778863\/Erdogans-Agenten-bedrohen-Tuerken-in-Deutschland.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html ;  https:\/\/www.derstandard.at\/story\/1397522175727\/geheimdienst-staat-tuerkei<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2020\/09\/turkey-austria-spy-nehammer-kurdish-clashes-protests-vienna.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/austria-turkey-espionage-int-idUSKBN25S4R5<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/10\/13\/world\/europe\/turkey-austria-erdogan-assassin.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/global-europe\/news\/flemish-minister-turkish-sponosred-mosque-is-nest-of-spies\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/07\/06\/influenced-by-gulenists-belgium-targets-turkish-mosques-fighting-extremism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/erdogan-critics-listed-by-turkish-embassy-in-prague-were-included-in-bogus-terrorism-probe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turk-greek-ties-strained-by-arson-row-10324<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-greece-germany-spying\/greek-police-arrest-german-on-suspicion-of-spying-idUSBRE97208820130803<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kathimerini.gr\/society\/896001\/istories-me-kataskopoys-sto-aigaio\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.larissanet.gr\/2019\/06\/21\/dikazetai-sti-rodo-kataskopos-tis-tourkias\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/ahvalnews.com\/mit\/turkish-intelligence-recruits-eu-retirees-spy-greece<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/04\/turkish-intelligence-operations-targeting-critics-in-greece-exposed-in-secret-documents\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/intelnews.org\/2016\/12\/09\/01-2023\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/more-secret-documents-confirming-vast-turkish-espionage-activities-in-greece-uncovered\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.skai.gr\/news\/greece\/dyo-syllipseis-ellinon-gia-kataskopeia-sti-rodo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-kosovo-security-turkey-idUSKBN1H70CC<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/opinion\/murat-yetkin\/turkish-intelligence-unveils-secret-codes-used-before-coup-attempt-103843<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2018\/09\/turkish-teachers-detained-moldova-gulen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/balkaninsight.com\/2018\/09\/06\/six-turkish-professors-detained-by-moldovan-secret-services-09-06-2018\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/turkeypurge.com\/turkey-spying-imams-active-also-in-norway<\/a> ; https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/turkeys-autocratic-president-erdogans-spying-profiling-expands-in-norway\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/kafila.org\/www-matthewaid-com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/report-sweden-launches-espionage-probe-into-turkish-govt-representatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/politics\/undiplomatic_swiss-eye-alleged-turkish-kidnapping-attempt\/43973170 ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/swiss-foreign-minister-warns-turkey-against-illegal-spying-111199 ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/eu-affairs\/2017\/05\/01\/as-anti-turkish-politics-grip-europe-turkish-swiss-policeman-arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-brings-key-feto-suspect-from-ukraine-to-turkey-134608<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.meforum.org\/60976\/turkish-spy-agency-mit-intelligence-gathering-australia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-court\/egypt-detains-29-people-on-suspicion-of-espionage-for-turkey-idUSKBN1DM1AN<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/33764\/In-Pictures-Egypt-foils-Turkish-espionage-attempt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-agency-brings-three-feto-members-from-gabon-to-turkey-130050<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/turkey\/turkish-intelligence-agency-rescues-a-kidnapped-italian-citizen-in-kenya-36192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20190807-libyan-national-army-turkish-intelligence-is-operating-in-tripoli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/11\/27\/senior-feto-figure-captured-by-turkish-intelligence-in-sudan\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-launches-project-to-train-1-million-software-developers-154081<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> 2017.04.13 T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mill%C3%AE_%C4%B0stihbarat_Te%C5%9Fkil%C3%A2t%C4%B1#Leitung<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> Hakan Fidan on Nexis, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/t24.com.tr\/haber\/adanada-3-tir-durduruldu-arama-yapiliyor,248707<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> 1000 colpi di mortaio, 1000 colpi di artiglieria, 50\u2019000 fucili d'assalto e 30\u2019000 munizioni per mitragliatrice \u2013 see in https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529223636\/http:\/\/www.aktifhaber.com\/devlet-sirri-denilen-mit-tirlari-ile-ilgili-tapeler-1053377h.htm#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.haber7.com\/guncel\/haber\/1121773-mit-tirlari-neden-durduruldu ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aljazeera.com.tr\/haber\/mit-tirlari-boyle-durduruldu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/bianet.org\/bianet\/insan-haklari\/155519-tir-lari-durdurmakla-suclanan-13-askere-muebbet-istendi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milliyet.com.tr\/gundem\/mit-tirlari-olayinda-yeni-gelisme-5-savci-gorevden-uzaklastirildi-1999064<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/erdogandan-canli-yayinda-can-dundara-tehdit-288885<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.faz.net\/aktuell\/politik\/ausland\/europa\/tuerkei\/tuerkei-kampf-gegen-die-soldaten-des-lichts-12715816.html?printPagedArticle=true#pageIndex_3<\/a> ; https:\/\/taz.de\/Wie-Guelen-zum-Staatsfeind-Nr-1-wurde\/!5323191\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2021\/02\/03\/son-dakika-istihbarattaki-fetocu-generalden-bomba-itiraflar-tegmen-rutbemi-fetullah-gulen-takti<\/a> ; https:\/\/tr.sputniknews.com\/turkiye\/202001211041211454-sozcu-ilker-basbugu-cezaevine-attiran-feto-mektubunu-acikliyoruz\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.genios.de\/presse-archiv\/artikel\/FAZ\/20171111\/jagd-auf-die-guelenisten\/FR1201711115279571.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nadir.org\/nadir\/initiativ\/isku\/hintergrund\/geheimdienste\/geheim994.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/tuerkischer-geheimdienst-liess-erdogan-gegner-in-deutschland-ausspionieren\/12027820.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article157778863\/Erdogans-Agenten-bedrohen-Tuerken-in-Deutschland.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html ;  https:\/\/www.derstandard.at\/story\/1397522175727\/geheimdienst-staat-tuerkei<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2020\/09\/turkey-austria-spy-nehammer-kurdish-clashes-protests-vienna.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/austria-turkey-espionage-int-idUSKBN25S4R5<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/10\/13\/world\/europe\/turkey-austria-erdogan-assassin.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/global-europe\/news\/flemish-minister-turkish-sponosred-mosque-is-nest-of-spies\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/07\/06\/influenced-by-gulenists-belgium-targets-turkish-mosques-fighting-extremism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/erdogan-critics-listed-by-turkish-embassy-in-prague-were-included-in-bogus-terrorism-probe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turk-greek-ties-strained-by-arson-row-10324<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-greece-germany-spying\/greek-police-arrest-german-on-suspicion-of-spying-idUSBRE97208820130803<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kathimerini.gr\/society\/896001\/istories-me-kataskopoys-sto-aigaio\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.larissanet.gr\/2019\/06\/21\/dikazetai-sti-rodo-kataskopos-tis-tourkias\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/ahvalnews.com\/mit\/turkish-intelligence-recruits-eu-retirees-spy-greece<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/04\/turkish-intelligence-operations-targeting-critics-in-greece-exposed-in-secret-documents\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/intelnews.org\/2016\/12\/09\/01-2023\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/more-secret-documents-confirming-vast-turkish-espionage-activities-in-greece-uncovered\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.skai.gr\/news\/greece\/dyo-syllipseis-ellinon-gia-kataskopeia-sti-rodo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-kosovo-security-turkey-idUSKBN1H70CC<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/opinion\/murat-yetkin\/turkish-intelligence-unveils-secret-codes-used-before-coup-attempt-103843<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2018\/09\/turkish-teachers-detained-moldova-gulen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/balkaninsight.com\/2018\/09\/06\/six-turkish-professors-detained-by-moldovan-secret-services-09-06-2018\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/turkeypurge.com\/turkey-spying-imams-active-also-in-norway<\/a> ; https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/turkeys-autocratic-president-erdogans-spying-profiling-expands-in-norway\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/kafila.org\/www-matthewaid-com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/report-sweden-launches-espionage-probe-into-turkish-govt-representatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/politics\/undiplomatic_swiss-eye-alleged-turkish-kidnapping-attempt\/43973170 ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/swiss-foreign-minister-warns-turkey-against-illegal-spying-111199 ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/eu-affairs\/2017\/05\/01\/as-anti-turkish-politics-grip-europe-turkish-swiss-policeman-arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-brings-key-feto-suspect-from-ukraine-to-turkey-134608<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.meforum.org\/60976\/turkish-spy-agency-mit-intelligence-gathering-australia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-court\/egypt-detains-29-people-on-suspicion-of-espionage-for-turkey-idUSKBN1DM1AN<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/33764\/In-Pictures-Egypt-foils-Turkish-espionage-attempt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-agency-brings-three-feto-members-from-gabon-to-turkey-130050<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/turkey\/turkish-intelligence-agency-rescues-a-kidnapped-italian-citizen-in-kenya-36192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20190807-libyan-national-army-turkish-intelligence-is-operating-in-tripoli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/11\/27\/senior-feto-figure-captured-by-turkish-intelligence-in-sudan\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[9]<\/a> Intelligence Online, \u201cHakan Fidan close to ministerial promotion<\/em>\u201d, see in 2020.11.18 Hakan Fidan Minister<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-launches-project-to-train-1-million-software-developers-154081<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> 2017.04.13 T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mill%C3%AE_%C4%B0stihbarat_Te%C5%9Fkil%C3%A2t%C4%B1#Leitung<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> Hakan Fidan on Nexis, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/t24.com.tr\/haber\/adanada-3-tir-durduruldu-arama-yapiliyor,248707<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> 1000 colpi di mortaio, 1000 colpi di artiglieria, 50\u2019000 fucili d'assalto e 30\u2019000 munizioni per mitragliatrice \u2013 see in https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529223636\/http:\/\/www.aktifhaber.com\/devlet-sirri-denilen-mit-tirlari-ile-ilgili-tapeler-1053377h.htm#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.haber7.com\/guncel\/haber\/1121773-mit-tirlari-neden-durduruldu ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aljazeera.com.tr\/haber\/mit-tirlari-boyle-durduruldu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/bianet.org\/bianet\/insan-haklari\/155519-tir-lari-durdurmakla-suclanan-13-askere-muebbet-istendi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milliyet.com.tr\/gundem\/mit-tirlari-olayinda-yeni-gelisme-5-savci-gorevden-uzaklastirildi-1999064<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/erdogandan-canli-yayinda-can-dundara-tehdit-288885<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.faz.net\/aktuell\/politik\/ausland\/europa\/tuerkei\/tuerkei-kampf-gegen-die-soldaten-des-lichts-12715816.html?printPagedArticle=true#pageIndex_3<\/a> ; https:\/\/taz.de\/Wie-Guelen-zum-Staatsfeind-Nr-1-wurde\/!5323191\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2021\/02\/03\/son-dakika-istihbarattaki-fetocu-generalden-bomba-itiraflar-tegmen-rutbemi-fetullah-gulen-takti<\/a> ; https:\/\/tr.sputniknews.com\/turkiye\/202001211041211454-sozcu-ilker-basbugu-cezaevine-attiran-feto-mektubunu-acikliyoruz\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.genios.de\/presse-archiv\/artikel\/FAZ\/20171111\/jagd-auf-die-guelenisten\/FR1201711115279571.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nadir.org\/nadir\/initiativ\/isku\/hintergrund\/geheimdienste\/geheim994.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/tuerkischer-geheimdienst-liess-erdogan-gegner-in-deutschland-ausspionieren\/12027820.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article157778863\/Erdogans-Agenten-bedrohen-Tuerken-in-Deutschland.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html ;  https:\/\/www.derstandard.at\/story\/1397522175727\/geheimdienst-staat-tuerkei<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2020\/09\/turkey-austria-spy-nehammer-kurdish-clashes-protests-vienna.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/austria-turkey-espionage-int-idUSKBN25S4R5<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/10\/13\/world\/europe\/turkey-austria-erdogan-assassin.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/global-europe\/news\/flemish-minister-turkish-sponosred-mosque-is-nest-of-spies\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/07\/06\/influenced-by-gulenists-belgium-targets-turkish-mosques-fighting-extremism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/erdogan-critics-listed-by-turkish-embassy-in-prague-were-included-in-bogus-terrorism-probe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turk-greek-ties-strained-by-arson-row-10324<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-greece-germany-spying\/greek-police-arrest-german-on-suspicion-of-spying-idUSBRE97208820130803<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kathimerini.gr\/society\/896001\/istories-me-kataskopoys-sto-aigaio\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.larissanet.gr\/2019\/06\/21\/dikazetai-sti-rodo-kataskopos-tis-tourkias\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/ahvalnews.com\/mit\/turkish-intelligence-recruits-eu-retirees-spy-greece<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/04\/turkish-intelligence-operations-targeting-critics-in-greece-exposed-in-secret-documents\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/intelnews.org\/2016\/12\/09\/01-2023\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/more-secret-documents-confirming-vast-turkish-espionage-activities-in-greece-uncovered\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.skai.gr\/news\/greece\/dyo-syllipseis-ellinon-gia-kataskopeia-sti-rodo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-kosovo-security-turkey-idUSKBN1H70CC<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/opinion\/murat-yetkin\/turkish-intelligence-unveils-secret-codes-used-before-coup-attempt-103843<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2018\/09\/turkish-teachers-detained-moldova-gulen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/balkaninsight.com\/2018\/09\/06\/six-turkish-professors-detained-by-moldovan-secret-services-09-06-2018\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/turkeypurge.com\/turkey-spying-imams-active-also-in-norway<\/a> ; https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/turkeys-autocratic-president-erdogans-spying-profiling-expands-in-norway\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/kafila.org\/www-matthewaid-com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/report-sweden-launches-espionage-probe-into-turkish-govt-representatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/politics\/undiplomatic_swiss-eye-alleged-turkish-kidnapping-attempt\/43973170 ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/swiss-foreign-minister-warns-turkey-against-illegal-spying-111199 ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/eu-affairs\/2017\/05\/01\/as-anti-turkish-politics-grip-europe-turkish-swiss-policeman-arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-brings-key-feto-suspect-from-ukraine-to-turkey-134608<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.meforum.org\/60976\/turkish-spy-agency-mit-intelligence-gathering-australia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-court\/egypt-detains-29-people-on-suspicion-of-espionage-for-turkey-idUSKBN1DM1AN<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/33764\/In-Pictures-Egypt-foils-Turkish-espionage-attempt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-agency-brings-three-feto-members-from-gabon-to-turkey-130050<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/turkey\/turkish-intelligence-agency-rescues-a-kidnapped-italian-citizen-in-kenya-36192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20190807-libyan-national-army-turkish-intelligence-is-operating-in-tripoli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/11\/27\/senior-feto-figure-captured-by-turkish-intelligence-in-sudan\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.duvarenglish.com\/sport\/2020\/02\/10\/politics-in-stadiums-fenerbahce-fans-urge-minister-albayrak-to-keep-hands-off-football<\/a> ; https:\/\/odatv4.com\/fenerbahceliler-damata-karsi-ayaga-kalkti-02022031.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Intelligence Online, \u201cHakan Fidan close to ministerial promotion<\/em>\u201d, see in 2020.11.18 Hakan Fidan Minister<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-launches-project-to-train-1-million-software-developers-154081<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> 2017.04.13 T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mill%C3%AE_%C4%B0stihbarat_Te%C5%9Fkil%C3%A2t%C4%B1#Leitung<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> Hakan Fidan on Nexis, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/t24.com.tr\/haber\/adanada-3-tir-durduruldu-arama-yapiliyor,248707<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> 1000 colpi di mortaio, 1000 colpi di artiglieria, 50\u2019000 fucili d'assalto e 30\u2019000 munizioni per mitragliatrice \u2013 see in https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529223636\/http:\/\/www.aktifhaber.com\/devlet-sirri-denilen-mit-tirlari-ile-ilgili-tapeler-1053377h.htm#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.haber7.com\/guncel\/haber\/1121773-mit-tirlari-neden-durduruldu ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aljazeera.com.tr\/haber\/mit-tirlari-boyle-durduruldu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/bianet.org\/bianet\/insan-haklari\/155519-tir-lari-durdurmakla-suclanan-13-askere-muebbet-istendi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milliyet.com.tr\/gundem\/mit-tirlari-olayinda-yeni-gelisme-5-savci-gorevden-uzaklastirildi-1999064<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/erdogandan-canli-yayinda-can-dundara-tehdit-288885<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.faz.net\/aktuell\/politik\/ausland\/europa\/tuerkei\/tuerkei-kampf-gegen-die-soldaten-des-lichts-12715816.html?printPagedArticle=true#pageIndex_3<\/a> ; https:\/\/taz.de\/Wie-Guelen-zum-Staatsfeind-Nr-1-wurde\/!5323191\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2021\/02\/03\/son-dakika-istihbarattaki-fetocu-generalden-bomba-itiraflar-tegmen-rutbemi-fetullah-gulen-takti<\/a> ; https:\/\/tr.sputniknews.com\/turkiye\/202001211041211454-sozcu-ilker-basbugu-cezaevine-attiran-feto-mektubunu-acikliyoruz\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.genios.de\/presse-archiv\/artikel\/FAZ\/20171111\/jagd-auf-die-guelenisten\/FR1201711115279571.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nadir.org\/nadir\/initiativ\/isku\/hintergrund\/geheimdienste\/geheim994.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/tuerkischer-geheimdienst-liess-erdogan-gegner-in-deutschland-ausspionieren\/12027820.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article157778863\/Erdogans-Agenten-bedrohen-Tuerken-in-Deutschland.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html ;  https:\/\/www.derstandard.at\/story\/1397522175727\/geheimdienst-staat-tuerkei<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2020\/09\/turkey-austria-spy-nehammer-kurdish-clashes-protests-vienna.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/austria-turkey-espionage-int-idUSKBN25S4R5<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/10\/13\/world\/europe\/turkey-austria-erdogan-assassin.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/global-europe\/news\/flemish-minister-turkish-sponosred-mosque-is-nest-of-spies\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/07\/06\/influenced-by-gulenists-belgium-targets-turkish-mosques-fighting-extremism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/erdogan-critics-listed-by-turkish-embassy-in-prague-were-included-in-bogus-terrorism-probe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turk-greek-ties-strained-by-arson-row-10324<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-greece-germany-spying\/greek-police-arrest-german-on-suspicion-of-spying-idUSBRE97208820130803<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kathimerini.gr\/society\/896001\/istories-me-kataskopoys-sto-aigaio\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.larissanet.gr\/2019\/06\/21\/dikazetai-sti-rodo-kataskopos-tis-tourkias\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/ahvalnews.com\/mit\/turkish-intelligence-recruits-eu-retirees-spy-greece<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/04\/turkish-intelligence-operations-targeting-critics-in-greece-exposed-in-secret-documents\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/intelnews.org\/2016\/12\/09\/01-2023\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/more-secret-documents-confirming-vast-turkish-espionage-activities-in-greece-uncovered\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.skai.gr\/news\/greece\/dyo-syllipseis-ellinon-gia-kataskopeia-sti-rodo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-kosovo-security-turkey-idUSKBN1H70CC<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/opinion\/murat-yetkin\/turkish-intelligence-unveils-secret-codes-used-before-coup-attempt-103843<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2018\/09\/turkish-teachers-detained-moldova-gulen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/balkaninsight.com\/2018\/09\/06\/six-turkish-professors-detained-by-moldovan-secret-services-09-06-2018\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/turkeypurge.com\/turkey-spying-imams-active-also-in-norway<\/a> ; https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/turkeys-autocratic-president-erdogans-spying-profiling-expands-in-norway\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/kafila.org\/www-matthewaid-com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/report-sweden-launches-espionage-probe-into-turkish-govt-representatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/politics\/undiplomatic_swiss-eye-alleged-turkish-kidnapping-attempt\/43973170 ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/swiss-foreign-minister-warns-turkey-against-illegal-spying-111199 ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/eu-affairs\/2017\/05\/01\/as-anti-turkish-politics-grip-europe-turkish-swiss-policeman-arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-brings-key-feto-suspect-from-ukraine-to-turkey-134608<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.meforum.org\/60976\/turkish-spy-agency-mit-intelligence-gathering-australia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-court\/egypt-detains-29-people-on-suspicion-of-espionage-for-turkey-idUSKBN1DM1AN<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/33764\/In-Pictures-Egypt-foils-Turkish-espionage-attempt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-agency-brings-three-feto-members-from-gabon-to-turkey-130050<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/turkey\/turkish-intelligence-agency-rescues-a-kidnapped-italian-citizen-in-kenya-36192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20190807-libyan-national-army-turkish-intelligence-is-operating-in-tripoli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/11\/27\/senior-feto-figure-captured-by-turkish-intelligence-in-sudan\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/europe\/russia-accuses-president-erdogan-s-son-law-being-linked-isis-oil-trade-a6761436.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2016\/09\/turkey-redhackers-daunt-the-erdogan-family.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepressproject.gr\/exclusive-wikileaks-documents-relations-erdogan-isis-oil-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.duvarenglish.com\/sport\/2020\/02\/10\/politics-in-stadiums-fenerbahce-fans-urge-minister-albayrak-to-keep-hands-off-football<\/a> ; https:\/\/odatv4.com\/fenerbahceliler-damata-karsi-ayaga-kalkti-02022031.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Intelligence Online, \u201cHakan Fidan close to ministerial promotion<\/em>\u201d, see in 2020.11.18 Hakan Fidan Minister<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-launches-project-to-train-1-million-software-developers-154081<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> 2017.04.13 T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mill%C3%AE_%C4%B0stihbarat_Te%C5%9Fkil%C3%A2t%C4%B1#Leitung<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> Hakan Fidan on Nexis, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/t24.com.tr\/haber\/adanada-3-tir-durduruldu-arama-yapiliyor,248707<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> 1000 colpi di mortaio, 1000 colpi di artiglieria, 50\u2019000 fucili d'assalto e 30\u2019000 munizioni per mitragliatrice \u2013 see in https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529223636\/http:\/\/www.aktifhaber.com\/devlet-sirri-denilen-mit-tirlari-ile-ilgili-tapeler-1053377h.htm#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.haber7.com\/guncel\/haber\/1121773-mit-tirlari-neden-durduruldu ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aljazeera.com.tr\/haber\/mit-tirlari-boyle-durduruldu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/bianet.org\/bianet\/insan-haklari\/155519-tir-lari-durdurmakla-suclanan-13-askere-muebbet-istendi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milliyet.com.tr\/gundem\/mit-tirlari-olayinda-yeni-gelisme-5-savci-gorevden-uzaklastirildi-1999064<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/erdogandan-canli-yayinda-can-dundara-tehdit-288885<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.faz.net\/aktuell\/politik\/ausland\/europa\/tuerkei\/tuerkei-kampf-gegen-die-soldaten-des-lichts-12715816.html?printPagedArticle=true#pageIndex_3<\/a> ; https:\/\/taz.de\/Wie-Guelen-zum-Staatsfeind-Nr-1-wurde\/!5323191\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2021\/02\/03\/son-dakika-istihbarattaki-fetocu-generalden-bomba-itiraflar-tegmen-rutbemi-fetullah-gulen-takti<\/a> ; https:\/\/tr.sputniknews.com\/turkiye\/202001211041211454-sozcu-ilker-basbugu-cezaevine-attiran-feto-mektubunu-acikliyoruz\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.genios.de\/presse-archiv\/artikel\/FAZ\/20171111\/jagd-auf-die-guelenisten\/FR1201711115279571.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nadir.org\/nadir\/initiativ\/isku\/hintergrund\/geheimdienste\/geheim994.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/tuerkischer-geheimdienst-liess-erdogan-gegner-in-deutschland-ausspionieren\/12027820.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article157778863\/Erdogans-Agenten-bedrohen-Tuerken-in-Deutschland.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html ;  https:\/\/www.derstandard.at\/story\/1397522175727\/geheimdienst-staat-tuerkei<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2020\/09\/turkey-austria-spy-nehammer-kurdish-clashes-protests-vienna.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/austria-turkey-espionage-int-idUSKBN25S4R5<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/10\/13\/world\/europe\/turkey-austria-erdogan-assassin.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/global-europe\/news\/flemish-minister-turkish-sponosred-mosque-is-nest-of-spies\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/07\/06\/influenced-by-gulenists-belgium-targets-turkish-mosques-fighting-extremism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/erdogan-critics-listed-by-turkish-embassy-in-prague-were-included-in-bogus-terrorism-probe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turk-greek-ties-strained-by-arson-row-10324<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-greece-germany-spying\/greek-police-arrest-german-on-suspicion-of-spying-idUSBRE97208820130803<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kathimerini.gr\/society\/896001\/istories-me-kataskopoys-sto-aigaio\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.larissanet.gr\/2019\/06\/21\/dikazetai-sti-rodo-kataskopos-tis-tourkias\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/ahvalnews.com\/mit\/turkish-intelligence-recruits-eu-retirees-spy-greece<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/04\/turkish-intelligence-operations-targeting-critics-in-greece-exposed-in-secret-documents\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/intelnews.org\/2016\/12\/09\/01-2023\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/more-secret-documents-confirming-vast-turkish-espionage-activities-in-greece-uncovered\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.skai.gr\/news\/greece\/dyo-syllipseis-ellinon-gia-kataskopeia-sti-rodo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-kosovo-security-turkey-idUSKBN1H70CC<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/opinion\/murat-yetkin\/turkish-intelligence-unveils-secret-codes-used-before-coup-attempt-103843<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2018\/09\/turkish-teachers-detained-moldova-gulen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/balkaninsight.com\/2018\/09\/06\/six-turkish-professors-detained-by-moldovan-secret-services-09-06-2018\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/turkeypurge.com\/turkey-spying-imams-active-also-in-norway<\/a> ; https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/turkeys-autocratic-president-erdogans-spying-profiling-expands-in-norway\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/kafila.org\/www-matthewaid-com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/report-sweden-launches-espionage-probe-into-turkish-govt-representatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/politics\/undiplomatic_swiss-eye-alleged-turkish-kidnapping-attempt\/43973170 ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/swiss-foreign-minister-warns-turkey-against-illegal-spying-111199 ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/eu-affairs\/2017\/05\/01\/as-anti-turkish-politics-grip-europe-turkish-swiss-policeman-arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-brings-key-feto-suspect-from-ukraine-to-turkey-134608<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.meforum.org\/60976\/turkish-spy-agency-mit-intelligence-gathering-australia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-court\/egypt-detains-29-people-on-suspicion-of-espionage-for-turkey-idUSKBN1DM1AN<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/33764\/In-Pictures-Egypt-foils-Turkish-espionage-attempt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-agency-brings-three-feto-members-from-gabon-to-turkey-130050<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/turkey\/turkish-intelligence-agency-rescues-a-kidnapped-italian-citizen-in-kenya-36192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20190807-libyan-national-army-turkish-intelligence-is-operating-in-tripoli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/11\/27\/senior-feto-figure-captured-by-turkish-intelligence-in-sudan\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trthaber.com\/haber\/gundem\/iletisim-baskanligi-berat-albayrakin-gorevden-af-talebi-kabul-edilmistir-529559.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/europe\/russia-accuses-president-erdogan-s-son-law-being-linked-isis-oil-trade-a6761436.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2016\/09\/turkey-redhackers-daunt-the-erdogan-family.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepressproject.gr\/exclusive-wikileaks-documents-relations-erdogan-isis-oil-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.duvarenglish.com\/sport\/2020\/02\/10\/politics-in-stadiums-fenerbahce-fans-urge-minister-albayrak-to-keep-hands-off-football<\/a> ; https:\/\/odatv4.com\/fenerbahceliler-damata-karsi-ayaga-kalkti-02022031.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Intelligence Online, \u201cHakan Fidan close to ministerial promotion<\/em>\u201d, see in 2020.11.18 Hakan Fidan Minister<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-launches-project-to-train-1-million-software-developers-154081<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> 2017.04.13 T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mill%C3%AE_%C4%B0stihbarat_Te%C5%9Fkil%C3%A2t%C4%B1#Leitung<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> Hakan Fidan on Nexis, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/t24.com.tr\/haber\/adanada-3-tir-durduruldu-arama-yapiliyor,248707<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> 1000 colpi di mortaio, 1000 colpi di artiglieria, 50\u2019000 fucili d'assalto e 30\u2019000 munizioni per mitragliatrice \u2013 see in https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529223636\/http:\/\/www.aktifhaber.com\/devlet-sirri-denilen-mit-tirlari-ile-ilgili-tapeler-1053377h.htm#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.haber7.com\/guncel\/haber\/1121773-mit-tirlari-neden-durduruldu ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aljazeera.com.tr\/haber\/mit-tirlari-boyle-durduruldu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/bianet.org\/bianet\/insan-haklari\/155519-tir-lari-durdurmakla-suclanan-13-askere-muebbet-istendi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milliyet.com.tr\/gundem\/mit-tirlari-olayinda-yeni-gelisme-5-savci-gorevden-uzaklastirildi-1999064<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/erdogandan-canli-yayinda-can-dundara-tehdit-288885<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.faz.net\/aktuell\/politik\/ausland\/europa\/tuerkei\/tuerkei-kampf-gegen-die-soldaten-des-lichts-12715816.html?printPagedArticle=true#pageIndex_3<\/a> ; https:\/\/taz.de\/Wie-Guelen-zum-Staatsfeind-Nr-1-wurde\/!5323191\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2021\/02\/03\/son-dakika-istihbarattaki-fetocu-generalden-bomba-itiraflar-tegmen-rutbemi-fetullah-gulen-takti<\/a> ; https:\/\/tr.sputniknews.com\/turkiye\/202001211041211454-sozcu-ilker-basbugu-cezaevine-attiran-feto-mektubunu-acikliyoruz\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.genios.de\/presse-archiv\/artikel\/FAZ\/20171111\/jagd-auf-die-guelenisten\/FR1201711115279571.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nadir.org\/nadir\/initiativ\/isku\/hintergrund\/geheimdienste\/geheim994.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/tuerkischer-geheimdienst-liess-erdogan-gegner-in-deutschland-ausspionieren\/12027820.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article157778863\/Erdogans-Agenten-bedrohen-Tuerken-in-Deutschland.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html ;  https:\/\/www.derstandard.at\/story\/1397522175727\/geheimdienst-staat-tuerkei<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2020\/09\/turkey-austria-spy-nehammer-kurdish-clashes-protests-vienna.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/austria-turkey-espionage-int-idUSKBN25S4R5<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/10\/13\/world\/europe\/turkey-austria-erdogan-assassin.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/global-europe\/news\/flemish-minister-turkish-sponosred-mosque-is-nest-of-spies\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/07\/06\/influenced-by-gulenists-belgium-targets-turkish-mosques-fighting-extremism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/erdogan-critics-listed-by-turkish-embassy-in-prague-were-included-in-bogus-terrorism-probe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turk-greek-ties-strained-by-arson-row-10324<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-greece-germany-spying\/greek-police-arrest-german-on-suspicion-of-spying-idUSBRE97208820130803<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kathimerini.gr\/society\/896001\/istories-me-kataskopoys-sto-aigaio\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.larissanet.gr\/2019\/06\/21\/dikazetai-sti-rodo-kataskopos-tis-tourkias\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/ahvalnews.com\/mit\/turkish-intelligence-recruits-eu-retirees-spy-greece<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/04\/turkish-intelligence-operations-targeting-critics-in-greece-exposed-in-secret-documents\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/intelnews.org\/2016\/12\/09\/01-2023\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/more-secret-documents-confirming-vast-turkish-espionage-activities-in-greece-uncovered\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.skai.gr\/news\/greece\/dyo-syllipseis-ellinon-gia-kataskopeia-sti-rodo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-kosovo-security-turkey-idUSKBN1H70CC<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/opinion\/murat-yetkin\/turkish-intelligence-unveils-secret-codes-used-before-coup-attempt-103843<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2018\/09\/turkish-teachers-detained-moldova-gulen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/balkaninsight.com\/2018\/09\/06\/six-turkish-professors-detained-by-moldovan-secret-services-09-06-2018\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/turkeypurge.com\/turkey-spying-imams-active-also-in-norway<\/a> ; https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/turkeys-autocratic-president-erdogans-spying-profiling-expands-in-norway\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/kafila.org\/www-matthewaid-com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/report-sweden-launches-espionage-probe-into-turkish-govt-representatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/politics\/undiplomatic_swiss-eye-alleged-turkish-kidnapping-attempt\/43973170 ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/swiss-foreign-minister-warns-turkey-against-illegal-spying-111199 ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/eu-affairs\/2017\/05\/01\/as-anti-turkish-politics-grip-europe-turkish-swiss-policeman-arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-brings-key-feto-suspect-from-ukraine-to-turkey-134608<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.meforum.org\/60976\/turkish-spy-agency-mit-intelligence-gathering-australia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-court\/egypt-detains-29-people-on-suspicion-of-espionage-for-turkey-idUSKBN1DM1AN<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/33764\/In-Pictures-Egypt-foils-Turkish-espionage-attempt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-agency-brings-three-feto-members-from-gabon-to-turkey-130050<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/turkey\/turkish-intelligence-agency-rescues-a-kidnapped-italian-citizen-in-kenya-36192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20190807-libyan-national-army-turkish-intelligence-is-operating-in-tripoli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/11\/27\/senior-feto-figure-captured-by-turkish-intelligence-in-sudan\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.birgun.net\/haber\/iddia-pelikancilar-hakan-fidan-gitsin-diyor-283382<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trthaber.com\/haber\/gundem\/iletisim-baskanligi-berat-albayrakin-gorevden-af-talebi-kabul-edilmistir-529559.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/europe\/russia-accuses-president-erdogan-s-son-law-being-linked-isis-oil-trade-a6761436.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2016\/09\/turkey-redhackers-daunt-the-erdogan-family.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepressproject.gr\/exclusive-wikileaks-documents-relations-erdogan-isis-oil-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.duvarenglish.com\/sport\/2020\/02\/10\/politics-in-stadiums-fenerbahce-fans-urge-minister-albayrak-to-keep-hands-off-football<\/a> ; https:\/\/odatv4.com\/fenerbahceliler-damata-karsi-ayaga-kalkti-02022031.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Intelligence Online, \u201cHakan Fidan close to ministerial promotion<\/em>\u201d, see in 2020.11.18 Hakan Fidan Minister<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-launches-project-to-train-1-million-software-developers-154081<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> 2017.04.13 T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mill%C3%AE_%C4%B0stihbarat_Te%C5%9Fkil%C3%A2t%C4%B1#Leitung<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> Hakan Fidan on Nexis, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/t24.com.tr\/haber\/adanada-3-tir-durduruldu-arama-yapiliyor,248707<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> 1000 colpi di mortaio, 1000 colpi di artiglieria, 50\u2019000 fucili d'assalto e 30\u2019000 munizioni per mitragliatrice \u2013 see in https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529223636\/http:\/\/www.aktifhaber.com\/devlet-sirri-denilen-mit-tirlari-ile-ilgili-tapeler-1053377h.htm#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.haber7.com\/guncel\/haber\/1121773-mit-tirlari-neden-durduruldu ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aljazeera.com.tr\/haber\/mit-tirlari-boyle-durduruldu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/bianet.org\/bianet\/insan-haklari\/155519-tir-lari-durdurmakla-suclanan-13-askere-muebbet-istendi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milliyet.com.tr\/gundem\/mit-tirlari-olayinda-yeni-gelisme-5-savci-gorevden-uzaklastirildi-1999064<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/erdogandan-canli-yayinda-can-dundara-tehdit-288885<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.faz.net\/aktuell\/politik\/ausland\/europa\/tuerkei\/tuerkei-kampf-gegen-die-soldaten-des-lichts-12715816.html?printPagedArticle=true#pageIndex_3<\/a> ; https:\/\/taz.de\/Wie-Guelen-zum-Staatsfeind-Nr-1-wurde\/!5323191\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2021\/02\/03\/son-dakika-istihbarattaki-fetocu-generalden-bomba-itiraflar-tegmen-rutbemi-fetullah-gulen-takti<\/a> ; https:\/\/tr.sputniknews.com\/turkiye\/202001211041211454-sozcu-ilker-basbugu-cezaevine-attiran-feto-mektubunu-acikliyoruz\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.genios.de\/presse-archiv\/artikel\/FAZ\/20171111\/jagd-auf-die-guelenisten\/FR1201711115279571.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nadir.org\/nadir\/initiativ\/isku\/hintergrund\/geheimdienste\/geheim994.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/tuerkischer-geheimdienst-liess-erdogan-gegner-in-deutschland-ausspionieren\/12027820.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article157778863\/Erdogans-Agenten-bedrohen-Tuerken-in-Deutschland.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html ;  https:\/\/www.derstandard.at\/story\/1397522175727\/geheimdienst-staat-tuerkei<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2020\/09\/turkey-austria-spy-nehammer-kurdish-clashes-protests-vienna.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/austria-turkey-espionage-int-idUSKBN25S4R5<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/10\/13\/world\/europe\/turkey-austria-erdogan-assassin.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/global-europe\/news\/flemish-minister-turkish-sponosred-mosque-is-nest-of-spies\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/07\/06\/influenced-by-gulenists-belgium-targets-turkish-mosques-fighting-extremism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/erdogan-critics-listed-by-turkish-embassy-in-prague-were-included-in-bogus-terrorism-probe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turk-greek-ties-strained-by-arson-row-10324<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-greece-germany-spying\/greek-police-arrest-german-on-suspicion-of-spying-idUSBRE97208820130803<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kathimerini.gr\/society\/896001\/istories-me-kataskopoys-sto-aigaio\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.larissanet.gr\/2019\/06\/21\/dikazetai-sti-rodo-kataskopos-tis-tourkias\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/ahvalnews.com\/mit\/turkish-intelligence-recruits-eu-retirees-spy-greece<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/04\/turkish-intelligence-operations-targeting-critics-in-greece-exposed-in-secret-documents\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/intelnews.org\/2016\/12\/09\/01-2023\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/more-secret-documents-confirming-vast-turkish-espionage-activities-in-greece-uncovered\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.skai.gr\/news\/greece\/dyo-syllipseis-ellinon-gia-kataskopeia-sti-rodo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-kosovo-security-turkey-idUSKBN1H70CC<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/opinion\/murat-yetkin\/turkish-intelligence-unveils-secret-codes-used-before-coup-attempt-103843<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2018\/09\/turkish-teachers-detained-moldova-gulen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/balkaninsight.com\/2018\/09\/06\/six-turkish-professors-detained-by-moldovan-secret-services-09-06-2018\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/turkeypurge.com\/turkey-spying-imams-active-also-in-norway<\/a> ; https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/turkeys-autocratic-president-erdogans-spying-profiling-expands-in-norway\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/kafila.org\/www-matthewaid-com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/report-sweden-launches-espionage-probe-into-turkish-govt-representatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/politics\/undiplomatic_swiss-eye-alleged-turkish-kidnapping-attempt\/43973170 ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/swiss-foreign-minister-warns-turkey-against-illegal-spying-111199 ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/eu-affairs\/2017\/05\/01\/as-anti-turkish-politics-grip-europe-turkish-swiss-policeman-arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-brings-key-feto-suspect-from-ukraine-to-turkey-134608<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.meforum.org\/60976\/turkish-spy-agency-mit-intelligence-gathering-australia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-court\/egypt-detains-29-people-on-suspicion-of-espionage-for-turkey-idUSKBN1DM1AN<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/33764\/In-Pictures-Egypt-foils-Turkish-espionage-attempt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-agency-brings-three-feto-members-from-gabon-to-turkey-130050<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/turkey\/turkish-intelligence-agency-rescues-a-kidnapped-italian-citizen-in-kenya-36192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20190807-libyan-national-army-turkish-intelligence-is-operating-in-tripoli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/11\/27\/senior-feto-figure-captured-by-turkish-intelligence-in-sudan\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/en\/content\/turkish-spy-networks-control-opponents<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-39416954<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.birgun.net\/haber\/iddia-pelikancilar-hakan-fidan-gitsin-diyor-283382<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trthaber.com\/haber\/gundem\/iletisim-baskanligi-berat-albayrakin-gorevden-af-talebi-kabul-edilmistir-529559.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/europe\/russia-accuses-president-erdogan-s-son-law-being-linked-isis-oil-trade-a6761436.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2016\/09\/turkey-redhackers-daunt-the-erdogan-family.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepressproject.gr\/exclusive-wikileaks-documents-relations-erdogan-isis-oil-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.duvarenglish.com\/sport\/2020\/02\/10\/politics-in-stadiums-fenerbahce-fans-urge-minister-albayrak-to-keep-hands-off-football<\/a> ; https:\/\/odatv4.com\/fenerbahceliler-damata-karsi-ayaga-kalkti-02022031.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Intelligence Online, \u201cHakan Fidan close to ministerial promotion<\/em>\u201d, see in 2020.11.18 Hakan Fidan Minister<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-launches-project-to-train-1-million-software-developers-154081<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> 2017.04.13 T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mill%C3%AE_%C4%B0stihbarat_Te%C5%9Fkil%C3%A2t%C4%B1#Leitung<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> Hakan Fidan on Nexis, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/t24.com.tr\/haber\/adanada-3-tir-durduruldu-arama-yapiliyor,248707<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> 1000 colpi di mortaio, 1000 colpi di artiglieria, 50\u2019000 fucili d'assalto e 30\u2019000 munizioni per mitragliatrice \u2013 see in https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529223636\/http:\/\/www.aktifhaber.com\/devlet-sirri-denilen-mit-tirlari-ile-ilgili-tapeler-1053377h.htm#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.haber7.com\/guncel\/haber\/1121773-mit-tirlari-neden-durduruldu ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aljazeera.com.tr\/haber\/mit-tirlari-boyle-durduruldu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/bianet.org\/bianet\/insan-haklari\/155519-tir-lari-durdurmakla-suclanan-13-askere-muebbet-istendi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milliyet.com.tr\/gundem\/mit-tirlari-olayinda-yeni-gelisme-5-savci-gorevden-uzaklastirildi-1999064<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/erdogandan-canli-yayinda-can-dundara-tehdit-288885<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.faz.net\/aktuell\/politik\/ausland\/europa\/tuerkei\/tuerkei-kampf-gegen-die-soldaten-des-lichts-12715816.html?printPagedArticle=true#pageIndex_3<\/a> ; https:\/\/taz.de\/Wie-Guelen-zum-Staatsfeind-Nr-1-wurde\/!5323191\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2021\/02\/03\/son-dakika-istihbarattaki-fetocu-generalden-bomba-itiraflar-tegmen-rutbemi-fetullah-gulen-takti<\/a> ; https:\/\/tr.sputniknews.com\/turkiye\/202001211041211454-sozcu-ilker-basbugu-cezaevine-attiran-feto-mektubunu-acikliyoruz\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.genios.de\/presse-archiv\/artikel\/FAZ\/20171111\/jagd-auf-die-guelenisten\/FR1201711115279571.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nadir.org\/nadir\/initiativ\/isku\/hintergrund\/geheimdienste\/geheim994.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/tuerkischer-geheimdienst-liess-erdogan-gegner-in-deutschland-ausspionieren\/12027820.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article157778863\/Erdogans-Agenten-bedrohen-Tuerken-in-Deutschland.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html ;  https:\/\/www.derstandard.at\/story\/1397522175727\/geheimdienst-staat-tuerkei<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2020\/09\/turkey-austria-spy-nehammer-kurdish-clashes-protests-vienna.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/austria-turkey-espionage-int-idUSKBN25S4R5<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/10\/13\/world\/europe\/turkey-austria-erdogan-assassin.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/global-europe\/news\/flemish-minister-turkish-sponosred-mosque-is-nest-of-spies\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/07\/06\/influenced-by-gulenists-belgium-targets-turkish-mosques-fighting-extremism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/erdogan-critics-listed-by-turkish-embassy-in-prague-were-included-in-bogus-terrorism-probe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turk-greek-ties-strained-by-arson-row-10324<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-greece-germany-spying\/greek-police-arrest-german-on-suspicion-of-spying-idUSBRE97208820130803<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kathimerini.gr\/society\/896001\/istories-me-kataskopoys-sto-aigaio\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.larissanet.gr\/2019\/06\/21\/dikazetai-sti-rodo-kataskopos-tis-tourkias\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/ahvalnews.com\/mit\/turkish-intelligence-recruits-eu-retirees-spy-greece<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/04\/turkish-intelligence-operations-targeting-critics-in-greece-exposed-in-secret-documents\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/intelnews.org\/2016\/12\/09\/01-2023\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/more-secret-documents-confirming-vast-turkish-espionage-activities-in-greece-uncovered\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.skai.gr\/news\/greece\/dyo-syllipseis-ellinon-gia-kataskopeia-sti-rodo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-kosovo-security-turkey-idUSKBN1H70CC<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/opinion\/murat-yetkin\/turkish-intelligence-unveils-secret-codes-used-before-coup-attempt-103843<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2018\/09\/turkish-teachers-detained-moldova-gulen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/balkaninsight.com\/2018\/09\/06\/six-turkish-professors-detained-by-moldovan-secret-services-09-06-2018\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/turkeypurge.com\/turkey-spying-imams-active-also-in-norway<\/a> ; https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/turkeys-autocratic-president-erdogans-spying-profiling-expands-in-norway\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/kafila.org\/www-matthewaid-com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/report-sweden-launches-espionage-probe-into-turkish-govt-representatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/politics\/undiplomatic_swiss-eye-alleged-turkish-kidnapping-attempt\/43973170 ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/swiss-foreign-minister-warns-turkey-against-illegal-spying-111199 ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/eu-affairs\/2017\/05\/01\/as-anti-turkish-politics-grip-europe-turkish-swiss-policeman-arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-brings-key-feto-suspect-from-ukraine-to-turkey-134608<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.meforum.org\/60976\/turkish-spy-agency-mit-intelligence-gathering-australia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-court\/egypt-detains-29-people-on-suspicion-of-espionage-for-turkey-idUSKBN1DM1AN<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/33764\/In-Pictures-Egypt-foils-Turkish-espionage-attempt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-agency-brings-three-feto-members-from-gabon-to-turkey-130050<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/turkey\/turkish-intelligence-agency-rescues-a-kidnapped-italian-citizen-in-kenya-36192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20190807-libyan-national-army-turkish-intelligence-is-operating-in-tripoli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/11\/27\/senior-feto-figure-captured-by-turkish-intelligence-in-sudan\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/turkey-used-german-spy-software-on-opposition-politicians-and-activists\/a-43787769<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/en\/content\/turkish-spy-networks-control-opponents<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-39416954<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.birgun.net\/haber\/iddia-pelikancilar-hakan-fidan-gitsin-diyor-283382<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trthaber.com\/haber\/gundem\/iletisim-baskanligi-berat-albayrakin-gorevden-af-talebi-kabul-edilmistir-529559.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/europe\/russia-accuses-president-erdogan-s-son-law-being-linked-isis-oil-trade-a6761436.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2016\/09\/turkey-redhackers-daunt-the-erdogan-family.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepressproject.gr\/exclusive-wikileaks-documents-relations-erdogan-isis-oil-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.duvarenglish.com\/sport\/2020\/02\/10\/politics-in-stadiums-fenerbahce-fans-urge-minister-albayrak-to-keep-hands-off-football<\/a> ; https:\/\/odatv4.com\/fenerbahceliler-damata-karsi-ayaga-kalkti-02022031.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Intelligence Online, \u201cHakan Fidan close to ministerial promotion<\/em>\u201d, see in 2020.11.18 Hakan Fidan Minister<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-launches-project-to-train-1-million-software-developers-154081<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> 2017.04.13 T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mill%C3%AE_%C4%B0stihbarat_Te%C5%9Fkil%C3%A2t%C4%B1#Leitung<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> Hakan Fidan on Nexis, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/t24.com.tr\/haber\/adanada-3-tir-durduruldu-arama-yapiliyor,248707<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> 1000 colpi di mortaio, 1000 colpi di artiglieria, 50\u2019000 fucili d'assalto e 30\u2019000 munizioni per mitragliatrice \u2013 see in https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529223636\/http:\/\/www.aktifhaber.com\/devlet-sirri-denilen-mit-tirlari-ile-ilgili-tapeler-1053377h.htm#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.haber7.com\/guncel\/haber\/1121773-mit-tirlari-neden-durduruldu ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aljazeera.com.tr\/haber\/mit-tirlari-boyle-durduruldu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/bianet.org\/bianet\/insan-haklari\/155519-tir-lari-durdurmakla-suclanan-13-askere-muebbet-istendi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milliyet.com.tr\/gundem\/mit-tirlari-olayinda-yeni-gelisme-5-savci-gorevden-uzaklastirildi-1999064<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/erdogandan-canli-yayinda-can-dundara-tehdit-288885<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.faz.net\/aktuell\/politik\/ausland\/europa\/tuerkei\/tuerkei-kampf-gegen-die-soldaten-des-lichts-12715816.html?printPagedArticle=true#pageIndex_3<\/a> ; https:\/\/taz.de\/Wie-Guelen-zum-Staatsfeind-Nr-1-wurde\/!5323191\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2021\/02\/03\/son-dakika-istihbarattaki-fetocu-generalden-bomba-itiraflar-tegmen-rutbemi-fetullah-gulen-takti<\/a> ; https:\/\/tr.sputniknews.com\/turkiye\/202001211041211454-sozcu-ilker-basbugu-cezaevine-attiran-feto-mektubunu-acikliyoruz\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.genios.de\/presse-archiv\/artikel\/FAZ\/20171111\/jagd-auf-die-guelenisten\/FR1201711115279571.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nadir.org\/nadir\/initiativ\/isku\/hintergrund\/geheimdienste\/geheim994.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/tuerkischer-geheimdienst-liess-erdogan-gegner-in-deutschland-ausspionieren\/12027820.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article157778863\/Erdogans-Agenten-bedrohen-Tuerken-in-Deutschland.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html ;  https:\/\/www.derstandard.at\/story\/1397522175727\/geheimdienst-staat-tuerkei<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2020\/09\/turkey-austria-spy-nehammer-kurdish-clashes-protests-vienna.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/austria-turkey-espionage-int-idUSKBN25S4R5<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/10\/13\/world\/europe\/turkey-austria-erdogan-assassin.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/global-europe\/news\/flemish-minister-turkish-sponosred-mosque-is-nest-of-spies\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/07\/06\/influenced-by-gulenists-belgium-targets-turkish-mosques-fighting-extremism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/erdogan-critics-listed-by-turkish-embassy-in-prague-were-included-in-bogus-terrorism-probe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turk-greek-ties-strained-by-arson-row-10324<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-greece-germany-spying\/greek-police-arrest-german-on-suspicion-of-spying-idUSBRE97208820130803<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kathimerini.gr\/society\/896001\/istories-me-kataskopoys-sto-aigaio\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.larissanet.gr\/2019\/06\/21\/dikazetai-sti-rodo-kataskopos-tis-tourkias\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/ahvalnews.com\/mit\/turkish-intelligence-recruits-eu-retirees-spy-greece<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/04\/turkish-intelligence-operations-targeting-critics-in-greece-exposed-in-secret-documents\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/intelnews.org\/2016\/12\/09\/01-2023\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/more-secret-documents-confirming-vast-turkish-espionage-activities-in-greece-uncovered\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.skai.gr\/news\/greece\/dyo-syllipseis-ellinon-gia-kataskopeia-sti-rodo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-kosovo-security-turkey-idUSKBN1H70CC<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/opinion\/murat-yetkin\/turkish-intelligence-unveils-secret-codes-used-before-coup-attempt-103843<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2018\/09\/turkish-teachers-detained-moldova-gulen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/balkaninsight.com\/2018\/09\/06\/six-turkish-professors-detained-by-moldovan-secret-services-09-06-2018\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/turkeypurge.com\/turkey-spying-imams-active-also-in-norway<\/a> ; https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/turkeys-autocratic-president-erdogans-spying-profiling-expands-in-norway\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/kafila.org\/www-matthewaid-com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/report-sweden-launches-espionage-probe-into-turkish-govt-representatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/politics\/undiplomatic_swiss-eye-alleged-turkish-kidnapping-attempt\/43973170 ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/swiss-foreign-minister-warns-turkey-against-illegal-spying-111199 ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/eu-affairs\/2017\/05\/01\/as-anti-turkish-politics-grip-europe-turkish-swiss-policeman-arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-brings-key-feto-suspect-from-ukraine-to-turkey-134608<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.meforum.org\/60976\/turkish-spy-agency-mit-intelligence-gathering-australia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-court\/egypt-detains-29-people-on-suspicion-of-espionage-for-turkey-idUSKBN1DM1AN<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/33764\/In-Pictures-Egypt-foils-Turkish-espionage-attempt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-agency-brings-three-feto-members-from-gabon-to-turkey-130050<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/turkey\/turkish-intelligence-agency-rescues-a-kidnapped-italian-citizen-in-kenya-36192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20190807-libyan-national-army-turkish-intelligence-is-operating-in-tripoli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/11\/27\/senior-feto-figure-captured-by-turkish-intelligence-in-sudan\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[2]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/6554851.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/laik-turkiye-icin-caglayan-a-6426626<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/3-miting-3-mesaj-6462629<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/izmir-rekor-bekliyor-6495436<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/turkey-used-german-spy-software-on-opposition-politicians-and-activists\/a-43787769<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/en\/content\/turkish-spy-networks-control-opponents<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-39416954<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.birgun.net\/haber\/iddia-pelikancilar-hakan-fidan-gitsin-diyor-283382<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trthaber.com\/haber\/gundem\/iletisim-baskanligi-berat-albayrakin-gorevden-af-talebi-kabul-edilmistir-529559.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/europe\/russia-accuses-president-erdogan-s-son-law-being-linked-isis-oil-trade-a6761436.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2016\/09\/turkey-redhackers-daunt-the-erdogan-family.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepressproject.gr\/exclusive-wikileaks-documents-relations-erdogan-isis-oil-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.duvarenglish.com\/sport\/2020\/02\/10\/politics-in-stadiums-fenerbahce-fans-urge-minister-albayrak-to-keep-hands-off-football<\/a> ; https:\/\/odatv4.com\/fenerbahceliler-damata-karsi-ayaga-kalkti-02022031.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Intelligence Online, \u201cHakan Fidan close to ministerial promotion<\/em>\u201d, see in 2020.11.18 Hakan Fidan Minister<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-launches-project-to-train-1-million-software-developers-154081<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> 2017.04.13 T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mill%C3%AE_%C4%B0stihbarat_Te%C5%9Fkil%C3%A2t%C4%B1#Leitung<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> Hakan Fidan on Nexis, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/t24.com.tr\/haber\/adanada-3-tir-durduruldu-arama-yapiliyor,248707<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> 1000 colpi di mortaio, 1000 colpi di artiglieria, 50\u2019000 fucili d'assalto e 30\u2019000 munizioni per mitragliatrice \u2013 see in https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529223636\/http:\/\/www.aktifhaber.com\/devlet-sirri-denilen-mit-tirlari-ile-ilgili-tapeler-1053377h.htm#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.haber7.com\/guncel\/haber\/1121773-mit-tirlari-neden-durduruldu ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aljazeera.com.tr\/haber\/mit-tirlari-boyle-durduruldu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/bianet.org\/bianet\/insan-haklari\/155519-tir-lari-durdurmakla-suclanan-13-askere-muebbet-istendi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milliyet.com.tr\/gundem\/mit-tirlari-olayinda-yeni-gelisme-5-savci-gorevden-uzaklastirildi-1999064<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/erdogandan-canli-yayinda-can-dundara-tehdit-288885<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.faz.net\/aktuell\/politik\/ausland\/europa\/tuerkei\/tuerkei-kampf-gegen-die-soldaten-des-lichts-12715816.html?printPagedArticle=true#pageIndex_3<\/a> ; https:\/\/taz.de\/Wie-Guelen-zum-Staatsfeind-Nr-1-wurde\/!5323191\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2021\/02\/03\/son-dakika-istihbarattaki-fetocu-generalden-bomba-itiraflar-tegmen-rutbemi-fetullah-gulen-takti<\/a> ; https:\/\/tr.sputniknews.com\/turkiye\/202001211041211454-sozcu-ilker-basbugu-cezaevine-attiran-feto-mektubunu-acikliyoruz\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.genios.de\/presse-archiv\/artikel\/FAZ\/20171111\/jagd-auf-die-guelenisten\/FR1201711115279571.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nadir.org\/nadir\/initiativ\/isku\/hintergrund\/geheimdienste\/geheim994.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/tuerkischer-geheimdienst-liess-erdogan-gegner-in-deutschland-ausspionieren\/12027820.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article157778863\/Erdogans-Agenten-bedrohen-Tuerken-in-Deutschland.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html ;  https:\/\/www.derstandard.at\/story\/1397522175727\/geheimdienst-staat-tuerkei<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2020\/09\/turkey-austria-spy-nehammer-kurdish-clashes-protests-vienna.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/austria-turkey-espionage-int-idUSKBN25S4R5<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/10\/13\/world\/europe\/turkey-austria-erdogan-assassin.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/global-europe\/news\/flemish-minister-turkish-sponosred-mosque-is-nest-of-spies\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/07\/06\/influenced-by-gulenists-belgium-targets-turkish-mosques-fighting-extremism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/erdogan-critics-listed-by-turkish-embassy-in-prague-were-included-in-bogus-terrorism-probe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turk-greek-ties-strained-by-arson-row-10324<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-greece-germany-spying\/greek-police-arrest-german-on-suspicion-of-spying-idUSBRE97208820130803<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kathimerini.gr\/society\/896001\/istories-me-kataskopoys-sto-aigaio\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.larissanet.gr\/2019\/06\/21\/dikazetai-sti-rodo-kataskopos-tis-tourkias\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/ahvalnews.com\/mit\/turkish-intelligence-recruits-eu-retirees-spy-greece<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/04\/turkish-intelligence-operations-targeting-critics-in-greece-exposed-in-secret-documents\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/intelnews.org\/2016\/12\/09\/01-2023\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/more-secret-documents-confirming-vast-turkish-espionage-activities-in-greece-uncovered\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.skai.gr\/news\/greece\/dyo-syllipseis-ellinon-gia-kataskopeia-sti-rodo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-kosovo-security-turkey-idUSKBN1H70CC<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/opinion\/murat-yetkin\/turkish-intelligence-unveils-secret-codes-used-before-coup-attempt-103843<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2018\/09\/turkish-teachers-detained-moldova-gulen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/balkaninsight.com\/2018\/09\/06\/six-turkish-professors-detained-by-moldovan-secret-services-09-06-2018\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/turkeypurge.com\/turkey-spying-imams-active-also-in-norway<\/a> ; https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/turkeys-autocratic-president-erdogans-spying-profiling-expands-in-norway\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/kafila.org\/www-matthewaid-com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/report-sweden-launches-espionage-probe-into-turkish-govt-representatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/politics\/undiplomatic_swiss-eye-alleged-turkish-kidnapping-attempt\/43973170 ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/swiss-foreign-minister-warns-turkey-against-illegal-spying-111199 ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/eu-affairs\/2017\/05\/01\/as-anti-turkish-politics-grip-europe-turkish-swiss-policeman-arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-brings-key-feto-suspect-from-ukraine-to-turkey-134608<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.meforum.org\/60976\/turkish-spy-agency-mit-intelligence-gathering-australia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-court\/egypt-detains-29-people-on-suspicion-of-espionage-for-turkey-idUSKBN1DM1AN<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/33764\/In-Pictures-Egypt-foils-Turkish-espionage-attempt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-agency-brings-three-feto-members-from-gabon-to-turkey-130050<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/turkey\/turkish-intelligence-agency-rescues-a-kidnapped-italian-citizen-in-kenya-36192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20190807-libyan-national-army-turkish-intelligence-is-operating-in-tripoli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/11\/27\/senior-feto-figure-captured-by-turkish-intelligence-in-sudan\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/65-in-yuzbinleri-6335051<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/6554851.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/laik-turkiye-icin-caglayan-a-6426626<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/3-miting-3-mesaj-6462629<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/izmir-rekor-bekliyor-6495436<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/turkey-used-german-spy-software-on-opposition-politicians-and-activists\/a-43787769<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/en\/content\/turkish-spy-networks-control-opponents<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-39416954<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.birgun.net\/haber\/iddia-pelikancilar-hakan-fidan-gitsin-diyor-283382<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trthaber.com\/haber\/gundem\/iletisim-baskanligi-berat-albayrakin-gorevden-af-talebi-kabul-edilmistir-529559.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/europe\/russia-accuses-president-erdogan-s-son-law-being-linked-isis-oil-trade-a6761436.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2016\/09\/turkey-redhackers-daunt-the-erdogan-family.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepressproject.gr\/exclusive-wikileaks-documents-relations-erdogan-isis-oil-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.duvarenglish.com\/sport\/2020\/02\/10\/politics-in-stadiums-fenerbahce-fans-urge-minister-albayrak-to-keep-hands-off-football<\/a> ; https:\/\/odatv4.com\/fenerbahceliler-damata-karsi-ayaga-kalkti-02022031.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Intelligence Online, \u201cHakan Fidan close to ministerial promotion<\/em>\u201d, see in 2020.11.18 Hakan Fidan Minister<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-launches-project-to-train-1-million-software-developers-154081<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> 2017.04.13 T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mill%C3%AE_%C4%B0stihbarat_Te%C5%9Fkil%C3%A2t%C4%B1#Leitung<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> Hakan Fidan on Nexis, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/t24.com.tr\/haber\/adanada-3-tir-durduruldu-arama-yapiliyor,248707<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> 1000 colpi di mortaio, 1000 colpi di artiglieria, 50\u2019000 fucili d'assalto e 30\u2019000 munizioni per mitragliatrice \u2013 see in https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529223636\/http:\/\/www.aktifhaber.com\/devlet-sirri-denilen-mit-tirlari-ile-ilgili-tapeler-1053377h.htm#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.haber7.com\/guncel\/haber\/1121773-mit-tirlari-neden-durduruldu ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aljazeera.com.tr\/haber\/mit-tirlari-boyle-durduruldu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/bianet.org\/bianet\/insan-haklari\/155519-tir-lari-durdurmakla-suclanan-13-askere-muebbet-istendi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milliyet.com.tr\/gundem\/mit-tirlari-olayinda-yeni-gelisme-5-savci-gorevden-uzaklastirildi-1999064<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/erdogandan-canli-yayinda-can-dundara-tehdit-288885<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.faz.net\/aktuell\/politik\/ausland\/europa\/tuerkei\/tuerkei-kampf-gegen-die-soldaten-des-lichts-12715816.html?printPagedArticle=true#pageIndex_3<\/a> ; https:\/\/taz.de\/Wie-Guelen-zum-Staatsfeind-Nr-1-wurde\/!5323191\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2021\/02\/03\/son-dakika-istihbarattaki-fetocu-generalden-bomba-itiraflar-tegmen-rutbemi-fetullah-gulen-takti<\/a> ; https:\/\/tr.sputniknews.com\/turkiye\/202001211041211454-sozcu-ilker-basbugu-cezaevine-attiran-feto-mektubunu-acikliyoruz\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.genios.de\/presse-archiv\/artikel\/FAZ\/20171111\/jagd-auf-die-guelenisten\/FR1201711115279571.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nadir.org\/nadir\/initiativ\/isku\/hintergrund\/geheimdienste\/geheim994.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/tuerkischer-geheimdienst-liess-erdogan-gegner-in-deutschland-ausspionieren\/12027820.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article157778863\/Erdogans-Agenten-bedrohen-Tuerken-in-Deutschland.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html ;  https:\/\/www.derstandard.at\/story\/1397522175727\/geheimdienst-staat-tuerkei<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2020\/09\/turkey-austria-spy-nehammer-kurdish-clashes-protests-vienna.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/austria-turkey-espionage-int-idUSKBN25S4R5<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/10\/13\/world\/europe\/turkey-austria-erdogan-assassin.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/global-europe\/news\/flemish-minister-turkish-sponosred-mosque-is-nest-of-spies\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/07\/06\/influenced-by-gulenists-belgium-targets-turkish-mosques-fighting-extremism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/erdogan-critics-listed-by-turkish-embassy-in-prague-were-included-in-bogus-terrorism-probe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turk-greek-ties-strained-by-arson-row-10324<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-greece-germany-spying\/greek-police-arrest-german-on-suspicion-of-spying-idUSBRE97208820130803<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kathimerini.gr\/society\/896001\/istories-me-kataskopoys-sto-aigaio\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.larissanet.gr\/2019\/06\/21\/dikazetai-sti-rodo-kataskopos-tis-tourkias\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/ahvalnews.com\/mit\/turkish-intelligence-recruits-eu-retirees-spy-greece<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/04\/turkish-intelligence-operations-targeting-critics-in-greece-exposed-in-secret-documents\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/intelnews.org\/2016\/12\/09\/01-2023\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/more-secret-documents-confirming-vast-turkish-espionage-activities-in-greece-uncovered\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.skai.gr\/news\/greece\/dyo-syllipseis-ellinon-gia-kataskopeia-sti-rodo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-kosovo-security-turkey-idUSKBN1H70CC<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/opinion\/murat-yetkin\/turkish-intelligence-unveils-secret-codes-used-before-coup-attempt-103843<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2018\/09\/turkish-teachers-detained-moldova-gulen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/balkaninsight.com\/2018\/09\/06\/six-turkish-professors-detained-by-moldovan-secret-services-09-06-2018\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/turkeypurge.com\/turkey-spying-imams-active-also-in-norway<\/a> ; https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/turkeys-autocratic-president-erdogans-spying-profiling-expands-in-norway\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/kafila.org\/www-matthewaid-com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/report-sweden-launches-espionage-probe-into-turkish-govt-representatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/politics\/undiplomatic_swiss-eye-alleged-turkish-kidnapping-attempt\/43973170 ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/swiss-foreign-minister-warns-turkey-against-illegal-spying-111199 ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/eu-affairs\/2017\/05\/01\/as-anti-turkish-politics-grip-europe-turkish-swiss-policeman-arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-brings-key-feto-suspect-from-ukraine-to-turkey-134608<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.meforum.org\/60976\/turkish-spy-agency-mit-intelligence-gathering-australia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-court\/egypt-detains-29-people-on-suspicion-of-espionage-for-turkey-idUSKBN1DM1AN<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/33764\/In-Pictures-Egypt-foils-Turkish-espionage-attempt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-agency-brings-three-feto-members-from-gabon-to-turkey-130050<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/turkey\/turkish-intelligence-agency-rescues-a-kidnapped-italian-citizen-in-kenya-36192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20190807-libyan-national-army-turkish-intelligence-is-operating-in-tripoli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/11\/27\/senior-feto-figure-captured-by-turkish-intelligence-in-sudan\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/65-in-yuzbinleri-6335051<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/6554851.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/laik-turkiye-icin-caglayan-a-6426626<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/3-miting-3-mesaj-6462629<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/izmir-rekor-bekliyor-6495436<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/turkey-used-german-spy-software-on-opposition-politicians-and-activists\/a-43787769<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/en\/content\/turkish-spy-networks-control-opponents<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-39416954<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.birgun.net\/haber\/iddia-pelikancilar-hakan-fidan-gitsin-diyor-283382<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trthaber.com\/haber\/gundem\/iletisim-baskanligi-berat-albayrakin-gorevden-af-talebi-kabul-edilmistir-529559.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/europe\/russia-accuses-president-erdogan-s-son-law-being-linked-isis-oil-trade-a6761436.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2016\/09\/turkey-redhackers-daunt-the-erdogan-family.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepressproject.gr\/exclusive-wikileaks-documents-relations-erdogan-isis-oil-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.duvarenglish.com\/sport\/2020\/02\/10\/politics-in-stadiums-fenerbahce-fans-urge-minister-albayrak-to-keep-hands-off-football<\/a> ; https:\/\/odatv4.com\/fenerbahceliler-damata-karsi-ayaga-kalkti-02022031.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Intelligence Online, \u201cHakan Fidan close to ministerial promotion<\/em>\u201d, see in 2020.11.18 Hakan Fidan Minister<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-launches-project-to-train-1-million-software-developers-154081<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> 2017.04.13 T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mill%C3%AE_%C4%B0stihbarat_Te%C5%9Fkil%C3%A2t%C4%B1#Leitung<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> Hakan Fidan on Nexis, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/t24.com.tr\/haber\/adanada-3-tir-durduruldu-arama-yapiliyor,248707<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> 1000 colpi di mortaio, 1000 colpi di artiglieria, 50\u2019000 fucili d'assalto e 30\u2019000 munizioni per mitragliatrice \u2013 see in https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529223636\/http:\/\/www.aktifhaber.com\/devlet-sirri-denilen-mit-tirlari-ile-ilgili-tapeler-1053377h.htm#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.haber7.com\/guncel\/haber\/1121773-mit-tirlari-neden-durduruldu ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aljazeera.com.tr\/haber\/mit-tirlari-boyle-durduruldu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/bianet.org\/bianet\/insan-haklari\/155519-tir-lari-durdurmakla-suclanan-13-askere-muebbet-istendi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milliyet.com.tr\/gundem\/mit-tirlari-olayinda-yeni-gelisme-5-savci-gorevden-uzaklastirildi-1999064<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/erdogandan-canli-yayinda-can-dundara-tehdit-288885<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.faz.net\/aktuell\/politik\/ausland\/europa\/tuerkei\/tuerkei-kampf-gegen-die-soldaten-des-lichts-12715816.html?printPagedArticle=true#pageIndex_3<\/a> ; https:\/\/taz.de\/Wie-Guelen-zum-Staatsfeind-Nr-1-wurde\/!5323191\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2021\/02\/03\/son-dakika-istihbarattaki-fetocu-generalden-bomba-itiraflar-tegmen-rutbemi-fetullah-gulen-takti<\/a> ; https:\/\/tr.sputniknews.com\/turkiye\/202001211041211454-sozcu-ilker-basbugu-cezaevine-attiran-feto-mektubunu-acikliyoruz\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.genios.de\/presse-archiv\/artikel\/FAZ\/20171111\/jagd-auf-die-guelenisten\/FR1201711115279571.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nadir.org\/nadir\/initiativ\/isku\/hintergrund\/geheimdienste\/geheim994.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/tuerkischer-geheimdienst-liess-erdogan-gegner-in-deutschland-ausspionieren\/12027820.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article157778863\/Erdogans-Agenten-bedrohen-Tuerken-in-Deutschland.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html ;  https:\/\/www.derstandard.at\/story\/1397522175727\/geheimdienst-staat-tuerkei<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2020\/09\/turkey-austria-spy-nehammer-kurdish-clashes-protests-vienna.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/austria-turkey-espionage-int-idUSKBN25S4R5<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/10\/13\/world\/europe\/turkey-austria-erdogan-assassin.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/global-europe\/news\/flemish-minister-turkish-sponosred-mosque-is-nest-of-spies\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/07\/06\/influenced-by-gulenists-belgium-targets-turkish-mosques-fighting-extremism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/erdogan-critics-listed-by-turkish-embassy-in-prague-were-included-in-bogus-terrorism-probe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turk-greek-ties-strained-by-arson-row-10324<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-greece-germany-spying\/greek-police-arrest-german-on-suspicion-of-spying-idUSBRE97208820130803<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kathimerini.gr\/society\/896001\/istories-me-kataskopoys-sto-aigaio\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.larissanet.gr\/2019\/06\/21\/dikazetai-sti-rodo-kataskopos-tis-tourkias\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/ahvalnews.com\/mit\/turkish-intelligence-recruits-eu-retirees-spy-greece<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/04\/turkish-intelligence-operations-targeting-critics-in-greece-exposed-in-secret-documents\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/intelnews.org\/2016\/12\/09\/01-2023\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/more-secret-documents-confirming-vast-turkish-espionage-activities-in-greece-uncovered\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.skai.gr\/news\/greece\/dyo-syllipseis-ellinon-gia-kataskopeia-sti-rodo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-kosovo-security-turkey-idUSKBN1H70CC<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/opinion\/murat-yetkin\/turkish-intelligence-unveils-secret-codes-used-before-coup-attempt-103843<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2018\/09\/turkish-teachers-detained-moldova-gulen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/balkaninsight.com\/2018\/09\/06\/six-turkish-professors-detained-by-moldovan-secret-services-09-06-2018\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/turkeypurge.com\/turkey-spying-imams-active-also-in-norway<\/a> ; https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/turkeys-autocratic-president-erdogans-spying-profiling-expands-in-norway\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/kafila.org\/www-matthewaid-com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/report-sweden-launches-espionage-probe-into-turkish-govt-representatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/politics\/undiplomatic_swiss-eye-alleged-turkish-kidnapping-attempt\/43973170 ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/swiss-foreign-minister-warns-turkey-against-illegal-spying-111199 ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/eu-affairs\/2017\/05\/01\/as-anti-turkish-politics-grip-europe-turkish-swiss-policeman-arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-brings-key-feto-suspect-from-ukraine-to-turkey-134608<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.meforum.org\/60976\/turkish-spy-agency-mit-intelligence-gathering-australia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-court\/egypt-detains-29-people-on-suspicion-of-espionage-for-turkey-idUSKBN1DM1AN<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/33764\/In-Pictures-Egypt-foils-Turkish-espionage-attempt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-agency-brings-three-feto-members-from-gabon-to-turkey-130050<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/turkey\/turkish-intelligence-agency-rescues-a-kidnapped-italian-citizen-in-kenya-36192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20190807-libyan-national-army-turkish-intelligence-is-operating-in-tripoli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/11\/27\/senior-feto-figure-captured-by-turkish-intelligence-in-sudan\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


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[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

La faiblesse et la superficialit\u00e9 avec lesquelles les gouvernements occidentaux (en particulier les \u00c9tats-Unis, l'Allemagne et le Royaume-Uni) ont permis \u00e0 ce logiciel d'\u00eatre distribu\u00e9 \u00e0 travers la plan\u00e8te pour des calculs purement \u00e9go\u00efstes sont impardonnables et le signe que 75 ans apr\u00e8s la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale , 30 ans apr\u00e8s la fin de la guerre froide, et la peur d'un conflit nucl\u00e9aire lorsque la nature se rebelle contre la mani\u00e8re insens\u00e9e dont nous la d\u00e9truisons, les gens ont franchi la limite ultime \u2013 ceux dans lesquels l'ennemi qui tue ne vient pas de l'ext\u00e9rieur, mais de l'int\u00e9rieur \u2013 et est inexorable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/65-in-yuzbinleri-6335051<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/6554851.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/laik-turkiye-icin-caglayan-a-6426626<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/3-miting-3-mesaj-6462629<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/izmir-rekor-bekliyor-6495436<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/turkey-used-german-spy-software-on-opposition-politicians-and-activists\/a-43787769<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/en\/content\/turkish-spy-networks-control-opponents<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-39416954<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.birgun.net\/haber\/iddia-pelikancilar-hakan-fidan-gitsin-diyor-283382<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trthaber.com\/haber\/gundem\/iletisim-baskanligi-berat-albayrakin-gorevden-af-talebi-kabul-edilmistir-529559.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/europe\/russia-accuses-president-erdogan-s-son-law-being-linked-isis-oil-trade-a6761436.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2016\/09\/turkey-redhackers-daunt-the-erdogan-family.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepressproject.gr\/exclusive-wikileaks-documents-relations-erdogan-isis-oil-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.duvarenglish.com\/sport\/2020\/02\/10\/politics-in-stadiums-fenerbahce-fans-urge-minister-albayrak-to-keep-hands-off-football<\/a> ; https:\/\/odatv4.com\/fenerbahceliler-damata-karsi-ayaga-kalkti-02022031.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Intelligence Online, \u201cHakan Fidan close to ministerial promotion<\/em>\u201d, see in 2020.11.18 Hakan Fidan Minister<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-launches-project-to-train-1-million-software-developers-154081<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> 2017.04.13 T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mill%C3%AE_%C4%B0stihbarat_Te%C5%9Fkil%C3%A2t%C4%B1#Leitung<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> Hakan Fidan on Nexis, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/t24.com.tr\/haber\/adanada-3-tir-durduruldu-arama-yapiliyor,248707<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> 1000 colpi di mortaio, 1000 colpi di artiglieria, 50\u2019000 fucili d'assalto e 30\u2019000 munizioni per mitragliatrice \u2013 see in https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529223636\/http:\/\/www.aktifhaber.com\/devlet-sirri-denilen-mit-tirlari-ile-ilgili-tapeler-1053377h.htm#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.haber7.com\/guncel\/haber\/1121773-mit-tirlari-neden-durduruldu ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aljazeera.com.tr\/haber\/mit-tirlari-boyle-durduruldu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/bianet.org\/bianet\/insan-haklari\/155519-tir-lari-durdurmakla-suclanan-13-askere-muebbet-istendi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milliyet.com.tr\/gundem\/mit-tirlari-olayinda-yeni-gelisme-5-savci-gorevden-uzaklastirildi-1999064<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/erdogandan-canli-yayinda-can-dundara-tehdit-288885<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.faz.net\/aktuell\/politik\/ausland\/europa\/tuerkei\/tuerkei-kampf-gegen-die-soldaten-des-lichts-12715816.html?printPagedArticle=true#pageIndex_3<\/a> ; https:\/\/taz.de\/Wie-Guelen-zum-Staatsfeind-Nr-1-wurde\/!5323191\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2021\/02\/03\/son-dakika-istihbarattaki-fetocu-generalden-bomba-itiraflar-tegmen-rutbemi-fetullah-gulen-takti<\/a> ; https:\/\/tr.sputniknews.com\/turkiye\/202001211041211454-sozcu-ilker-basbugu-cezaevine-attiran-feto-mektubunu-acikliyoruz\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.genios.de\/presse-archiv\/artikel\/FAZ\/20171111\/jagd-auf-die-guelenisten\/FR1201711115279571.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nadir.org\/nadir\/initiativ\/isku\/hintergrund\/geheimdienste\/geheim994.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/tuerkischer-geheimdienst-liess-erdogan-gegner-in-deutschland-ausspionieren\/12027820.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article157778863\/Erdogans-Agenten-bedrohen-Tuerken-in-Deutschland.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html ;  https:\/\/www.derstandard.at\/story\/1397522175727\/geheimdienst-staat-tuerkei<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2020\/09\/turkey-austria-spy-nehammer-kurdish-clashes-protests-vienna.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/austria-turkey-espionage-int-idUSKBN25S4R5<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/10\/13\/world\/europe\/turkey-austria-erdogan-assassin.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/global-europe\/news\/flemish-minister-turkish-sponosred-mosque-is-nest-of-spies\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/07\/06\/influenced-by-gulenists-belgium-targets-turkish-mosques-fighting-extremism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/erdogan-critics-listed-by-turkish-embassy-in-prague-were-included-in-bogus-terrorism-probe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turk-greek-ties-strained-by-arson-row-10324<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-greece-germany-spying\/greek-police-arrest-german-on-suspicion-of-spying-idUSBRE97208820130803<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kathimerini.gr\/society\/896001\/istories-me-kataskopoys-sto-aigaio\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.larissanet.gr\/2019\/06\/21\/dikazetai-sti-rodo-kataskopos-tis-tourkias\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/ahvalnews.com\/mit\/turkish-intelligence-recruits-eu-retirees-spy-greece<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/04\/turkish-intelligence-operations-targeting-critics-in-greece-exposed-in-secret-documents\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/intelnews.org\/2016\/12\/09\/01-2023\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/more-secret-documents-confirming-vast-turkish-espionage-activities-in-greece-uncovered\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.skai.gr\/news\/greece\/dyo-syllipseis-ellinon-gia-kataskopeia-sti-rodo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-kosovo-security-turkey-idUSKBN1H70CC<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/opinion\/murat-yetkin\/turkish-intelligence-unveils-secret-codes-used-before-coup-attempt-103843<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2018\/09\/turkish-teachers-detained-moldova-gulen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/balkaninsight.com\/2018\/09\/06\/six-turkish-professors-detained-by-moldovan-secret-services-09-06-2018\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/turkeypurge.com\/turkey-spying-imams-active-also-in-norway<\/a> ; https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/turkeys-autocratic-president-erdogans-spying-profiling-expands-in-norway\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/kafila.org\/www-matthewaid-com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/report-sweden-launches-espionage-probe-into-turkish-govt-representatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/politics\/undiplomatic_swiss-eye-alleged-turkish-kidnapping-attempt\/43973170 ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/swiss-foreign-minister-warns-turkey-against-illegal-spying-111199 ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/eu-affairs\/2017\/05\/01\/as-anti-turkish-politics-grip-europe-turkish-swiss-policeman-arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-brings-key-feto-suspect-from-ukraine-to-turkey-134608<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.meforum.org\/60976\/turkish-spy-agency-mit-intelligence-gathering-australia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-court\/egypt-detains-29-people-on-suspicion-of-espionage-for-turkey-idUSKBN1DM1AN<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/33764\/In-Pictures-Egypt-foils-Turkish-espionage-attempt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-agency-brings-three-feto-members-from-gabon-to-turkey-130050<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/turkey\/turkish-intelligence-agency-rescues-a-kidnapped-italian-citizen-in-kenya-36192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20190807-libyan-national-army-turkish-intelligence-is-operating-in-tripoli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/11\/27\/senior-feto-figure-captured-by-turkish-intelligence-in-sudan\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


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[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Dans une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 o\u00f9 l'ali\u00e9nation de l'individu du contexte commun a d\u00e9j\u00e0 atteint des proportions inqui\u00e9tantes, les logiciels d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s et vendus par une petite poign\u00e9e de criminels totalement inconnus du public ont permis \u00e0 l'humanit\u00e9 de s'engager sur un chemin de non-retour : celui o\u00f9 il n'y a plus rien de vrai et de v\u00e9rifiable dans lequel chacun de nous doit douter de qui est autour de nous, et m\u00eame (et plus encore) nous-m\u00eames.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La faiblesse et la superficialit\u00e9 avec lesquelles les gouvernements occidentaux (en particulier les \u00c9tats-Unis, l'Allemagne et le Royaume-Uni) ont permis \u00e0 ce logiciel d'\u00eatre distribu\u00e9 \u00e0 travers la plan\u00e8te pour des calculs purement \u00e9go\u00efstes sont impardonnables et le signe que 75 ans apr\u00e8s la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale , 30 ans apr\u00e8s la fin de la guerre froide, et la peur d'un conflit nucl\u00e9aire lorsque la nature se rebelle contre la mani\u00e8re insens\u00e9e dont nous la d\u00e9truisons, les gens ont franchi la limite ultime \u2013 ceux dans lesquels l'ennemi qui tue ne vient pas de l'ext\u00e9rieur, mais de l'int\u00e9rieur \u2013 et est inexorable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/65-in-yuzbinleri-6335051<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/6554851.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/laik-turkiye-icin-caglayan-a-6426626<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/3-miting-3-mesaj-6462629<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/izmir-rekor-bekliyor-6495436<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/turkey-used-german-spy-software-on-opposition-politicians-and-activists\/a-43787769<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/en\/content\/turkish-spy-networks-control-opponents<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-39416954<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.birgun.net\/haber\/iddia-pelikancilar-hakan-fidan-gitsin-diyor-283382<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trthaber.com\/haber\/gundem\/iletisim-baskanligi-berat-albayrakin-gorevden-af-talebi-kabul-edilmistir-529559.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/europe\/russia-accuses-president-erdogan-s-son-law-being-linked-isis-oil-trade-a6761436.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2016\/09\/turkey-redhackers-daunt-the-erdogan-family.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepressproject.gr\/exclusive-wikileaks-documents-relations-erdogan-isis-oil-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.duvarenglish.com\/sport\/2020\/02\/10\/politics-in-stadiums-fenerbahce-fans-urge-minister-albayrak-to-keep-hands-off-football<\/a> ; https:\/\/odatv4.com\/fenerbahceliler-damata-karsi-ayaga-kalkti-02022031.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Intelligence Online, \u201cHakan Fidan close to ministerial promotion<\/em>\u201d, see in 2020.11.18 Hakan Fidan Minister<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-launches-project-to-train-1-million-software-developers-154081<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> 2017.04.13 T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mill%C3%AE_%C4%B0stihbarat_Te%C5%9Fkil%C3%A2t%C4%B1#Leitung<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> Hakan Fidan on Nexis, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/t24.com.tr\/haber\/adanada-3-tir-durduruldu-arama-yapiliyor,248707<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> 1000 colpi di mortaio, 1000 colpi di artiglieria, 50\u2019000 fucili d'assalto e 30\u2019000 munizioni per mitragliatrice \u2013 see in https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529223636\/http:\/\/www.aktifhaber.com\/devlet-sirri-denilen-mit-tirlari-ile-ilgili-tapeler-1053377h.htm#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.haber7.com\/guncel\/haber\/1121773-mit-tirlari-neden-durduruldu ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aljazeera.com.tr\/haber\/mit-tirlari-boyle-durduruldu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/bianet.org\/bianet\/insan-haklari\/155519-tir-lari-durdurmakla-suclanan-13-askere-muebbet-istendi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milliyet.com.tr\/gundem\/mit-tirlari-olayinda-yeni-gelisme-5-savci-gorevden-uzaklastirildi-1999064<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/erdogandan-canli-yayinda-can-dundara-tehdit-288885<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.faz.net\/aktuell\/politik\/ausland\/europa\/tuerkei\/tuerkei-kampf-gegen-die-soldaten-des-lichts-12715816.html?printPagedArticle=true#pageIndex_3<\/a> ; https:\/\/taz.de\/Wie-Guelen-zum-Staatsfeind-Nr-1-wurde\/!5323191\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2021\/02\/03\/son-dakika-istihbarattaki-fetocu-generalden-bomba-itiraflar-tegmen-rutbemi-fetullah-gulen-takti<\/a> ; https:\/\/tr.sputniknews.com\/turkiye\/202001211041211454-sozcu-ilker-basbugu-cezaevine-attiran-feto-mektubunu-acikliyoruz\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.genios.de\/presse-archiv\/artikel\/FAZ\/20171111\/jagd-auf-die-guelenisten\/FR1201711115279571.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nadir.org\/nadir\/initiativ\/isku\/hintergrund\/geheimdienste\/geheim994.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/tuerkischer-geheimdienst-liess-erdogan-gegner-in-deutschland-ausspionieren\/12027820.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article157778863\/Erdogans-Agenten-bedrohen-Tuerken-in-Deutschland.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html ;  https:\/\/www.derstandard.at\/story\/1397522175727\/geheimdienst-staat-tuerkei<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2020\/09\/turkey-austria-spy-nehammer-kurdish-clashes-protests-vienna.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/austria-turkey-espionage-int-idUSKBN25S4R5<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/10\/13\/world\/europe\/turkey-austria-erdogan-assassin.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/global-europe\/news\/flemish-minister-turkish-sponosred-mosque-is-nest-of-spies\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/07\/06\/influenced-by-gulenists-belgium-targets-turkish-mosques-fighting-extremism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/erdogan-critics-listed-by-turkish-embassy-in-prague-were-included-in-bogus-terrorism-probe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turk-greek-ties-strained-by-arson-row-10324<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-greece-germany-spying\/greek-police-arrest-german-on-suspicion-of-spying-idUSBRE97208820130803<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kathimerini.gr\/society\/896001\/istories-me-kataskopoys-sto-aigaio\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.larissanet.gr\/2019\/06\/21\/dikazetai-sti-rodo-kataskopos-tis-tourkias\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/ahvalnews.com\/mit\/turkish-intelligence-recruits-eu-retirees-spy-greece<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/04\/turkish-intelligence-operations-targeting-critics-in-greece-exposed-in-secret-documents\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/intelnews.org\/2016\/12\/09\/01-2023\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/more-secret-documents-confirming-vast-turkish-espionage-activities-in-greece-uncovered\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.skai.gr\/news\/greece\/dyo-syllipseis-ellinon-gia-kataskopeia-sti-rodo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-kosovo-security-turkey-idUSKBN1H70CC<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/opinion\/murat-yetkin\/turkish-intelligence-unveils-secret-codes-used-before-coup-attempt-103843<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2018\/09\/turkish-teachers-detained-moldova-gulen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/balkaninsight.com\/2018\/09\/06\/six-turkish-professors-detained-by-moldovan-secret-services-09-06-2018\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/turkeypurge.com\/turkey-spying-imams-active-also-in-norway<\/a> ; https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/turkeys-autocratic-president-erdogans-spying-profiling-expands-in-norway\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/kafila.org\/www-matthewaid-com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/report-sweden-launches-espionage-probe-into-turkish-govt-representatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/politics\/undiplomatic_swiss-eye-alleged-turkish-kidnapping-attempt\/43973170 ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/swiss-foreign-minister-warns-turkey-against-illegal-spying-111199 ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/eu-affairs\/2017\/05\/01\/as-anti-turkish-politics-grip-europe-turkish-swiss-policeman-arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-brings-key-feto-suspect-from-ukraine-to-turkey-134608<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.meforum.org\/60976\/turkish-spy-agency-mit-intelligence-gathering-australia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-court\/egypt-detains-29-people-on-suspicion-of-espionage-for-turkey-idUSKBN1DM1AN<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/33764\/In-Pictures-Egypt-foils-Turkish-espionage-attempt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-agency-brings-three-feto-members-from-gabon-to-turkey-130050<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/turkey\/turkish-intelligence-agency-rescues-a-kidnapped-italian-citizen-in-kenya-36192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20190807-libyan-national-army-turkish-intelligence-is-operating-in-tripoli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/11\/27\/senior-feto-figure-captured-by-turkish-intelligence-in-sudan\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Cependant, cela ne change pas la substance des choses. Aujourd'hui, f\u00e9vrier 2021, le gouvernement et ses agences de renseignement dans au moins 40 pays \u00e0 travers le monde, dont la grande majorit\u00e9 est dirig\u00e9e par une dictature, ont entre les mains des logiciels qui vont non seulement au-del\u00e0 des sc\u00e9narios apocalyptiques d\u00e9crits par George Orwell, mais aussi du \"Br\u00e9sil<\/em>\" de Terry Gilliam : D\u00e9sormais, un r\u00e9gime n'a plus besoin de d\u00e9couvrir que quelqu'un pr\u00e9pare un complot pour les isoler, les torturer, les condamner et les exterminer. L'\u00c9tat peut cr\u00e9er des preuves d'un simple clic d'ordinateur, en utilisant un logiciel qui en un milli\u00e8me de seconde condamnera chacun de nous et impliquera chacun de nos proches dans notre destruction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 o\u00f9 l'ali\u00e9nation de l'individu du contexte commun a d\u00e9j\u00e0 atteint des proportions inqui\u00e9tantes, les logiciels d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s et vendus par une petite poign\u00e9e de criminels totalement inconnus du public ont permis \u00e0 l'humanit\u00e9 de s'engager sur un chemin de non-retour : celui o\u00f9 il n'y a plus rien de vrai et de v\u00e9rifiable dans lequel chacun de nous doit douter de qui est autour de nous, et m\u00eame (et plus encore) nous-m\u00eames.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La faiblesse et la superficialit\u00e9 avec lesquelles les gouvernements occidentaux (en particulier les \u00c9tats-Unis, l'Allemagne et le Royaume-Uni) ont permis \u00e0 ce logiciel d'\u00eatre distribu\u00e9 \u00e0 travers la plan\u00e8te pour des calculs purement \u00e9go\u00efstes sont impardonnables et le signe que 75 ans apr\u00e8s la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale , 30 ans apr\u00e8s la fin de la guerre froide, et la peur d'un conflit nucl\u00e9aire lorsque la nature se rebelle contre la mani\u00e8re insens\u00e9e dont nous la d\u00e9truisons, les gens ont franchi la limite ultime \u2013 ceux dans lesquels l'ennemi qui tue ne vient pas de l'ext\u00e9rieur, mais de l'int\u00e9rieur \u2013 et est inexorable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


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[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/65-in-yuzbinleri-6335051<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/6554851.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/laik-turkiye-icin-caglayan-a-6426626<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/3-miting-3-mesaj-6462629<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/izmir-rekor-bekliyor-6495436<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/turkey-used-german-spy-software-on-opposition-politicians-and-activists\/a-43787769<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/en\/content\/turkish-spy-networks-control-opponents<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-39416954<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.birgun.net\/haber\/iddia-pelikancilar-hakan-fidan-gitsin-diyor-283382<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trthaber.com\/haber\/gundem\/iletisim-baskanligi-berat-albayrakin-gorevden-af-talebi-kabul-edilmistir-529559.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/europe\/russia-accuses-president-erdogan-s-son-law-being-linked-isis-oil-trade-a6761436.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2016\/09\/turkey-redhackers-daunt-the-erdogan-family.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepressproject.gr\/exclusive-wikileaks-documents-relations-erdogan-isis-oil-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.duvarenglish.com\/sport\/2020\/02\/10\/politics-in-stadiums-fenerbahce-fans-urge-minister-albayrak-to-keep-hands-off-football<\/a> ; https:\/\/odatv4.com\/fenerbahceliler-damata-karsi-ayaga-kalkti-02022031.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Intelligence Online, \u201cHakan Fidan close to ministerial promotion<\/em>\u201d, see in 2020.11.18 Hakan Fidan Minister<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-launches-project-to-train-1-million-software-developers-154081<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> 2017.04.13 T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mill%C3%AE_%C4%B0stihbarat_Te%C5%9Fkil%C3%A2t%C4%B1#Leitung<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> Hakan Fidan on Nexis, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/t24.com.tr\/haber\/adanada-3-tir-durduruldu-arama-yapiliyor,248707<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> 1000 colpi di mortaio, 1000 colpi di artiglieria, 50\u2019000 fucili d'assalto e 30\u2019000 munizioni per mitragliatrice \u2013 see in https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529223636\/http:\/\/www.aktifhaber.com\/devlet-sirri-denilen-mit-tirlari-ile-ilgili-tapeler-1053377h.htm#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.haber7.com\/guncel\/haber\/1121773-mit-tirlari-neden-durduruldu ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aljazeera.com.tr\/haber\/mit-tirlari-boyle-durduruldu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/bianet.org\/bianet\/insan-haklari\/155519-tir-lari-durdurmakla-suclanan-13-askere-muebbet-istendi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milliyet.com.tr\/gundem\/mit-tirlari-olayinda-yeni-gelisme-5-savci-gorevden-uzaklastirildi-1999064<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/erdogandan-canli-yayinda-can-dundara-tehdit-288885<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.faz.net\/aktuell\/politik\/ausland\/europa\/tuerkei\/tuerkei-kampf-gegen-die-soldaten-des-lichts-12715816.html?printPagedArticle=true#pageIndex_3<\/a> ; https:\/\/taz.de\/Wie-Guelen-zum-Staatsfeind-Nr-1-wurde\/!5323191\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2021\/02\/03\/son-dakika-istihbarattaki-fetocu-generalden-bomba-itiraflar-tegmen-rutbemi-fetullah-gulen-takti<\/a> ; https:\/\/tr.sputniknews.com\/turkiye\/202001211041211454-sozcu-ilker-basbugu-cezaevine-attiran-feto-mektubunu-acikliyoruz\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.genios.de\/presse-archiv\/artikel\/FAZ\/20171111\/jagd-auf-die-guelenisten\/FR1201711115279571.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nadir.org\/nadir\/initiativ\/isku\/hintergrund\/geheimdienste\/geheim994.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/tuerkischer-geheimdienst-liess-erdogan-gegner-in-deutschland-ausspionieren\/12027820.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article157778863\/Erdogans-Agenten-bedrohen-Tuerken-in-Deutschland.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html ;  https:\/\/www.derstandard.at\/story\/1397522175727\/geheimdienst-staat-tuerkei<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2020\/09\/turkey-austria-spy-nehammer-kurdish-clashes-protests-vienna.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/austria-turkey-espionage-int-idUSKBN25S4R5<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/10\/13\/world\/europe\/turkey-austria-erdogan-assassin.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/global-europe\/news\/flemish-minister-turkish-sponosred-mosque-is-nest-of-spies\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/07\/06\/influenced-by-gulenists-belgium-targets-turkish-mosques-fighting-extremism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/erdogan-critics-listed-by-turkish-embassy-in-prague-were-included-in-bogus-terrorism-probe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turk-greek-ties-strained-by-arson-row-10324<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-greece-germany-spying\/greek-police-arrest-german-on-suspicion-of-spying-idUSBRE97208820130803<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kathimerini.gr\/society\/896001\/istories-me-kataskopoys-sto-aigaio\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.larissanet.gr\/2019\/06\/21\/dikazetai-sti-rodo-kataskopos-tis-tourkias\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/ahvalnews.com\/mit\/turkish-intelligence-recruits-eu-retirees-spy-greece<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/04\/turkish-intelligence-operations-targeting-critics-in-greece-exposed-in-secret-documents\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/intelnews.org\/2016\/12\/09\/01-2023\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/more-secret-documents-confirming-vast-turkish-espionage-activities-in-greece-uncovered\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.skai.gr\/news\/greece\/dyo-syllipseis-ellinon-gia-kataskopeia-sti-rodo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-kosovo-security-turkey-idUSKBN1H70CC<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/opinion\/murat-yetkin\/turkish-intelligence-unveils-secret-codes-used-before-coup-attempt-103843<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2018\/09\/turkish-teachers-detained-moldova-gulen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/balkaninsight.com\/2018\/09\/06\/six-turkish-professors-detained-by-moldovan-secret-services-09-06-2018\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/turkeypurge.com\/turkey-spying-imams-active-also-in-norway<\/a> ; https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/turkeys-autocratic-president-erdogans-spying-profiling-expands-in-norway\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/kafila.org\/www-matthewaid-com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/report-sweden-launches-espionage-probe-into-turkish-govt-representatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/politics\/undiplomatic_swiss-eye-alleged-turkish-kidnapping-attempt\/43973170 ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/swiss-foreign-minister-warns-turkey-against-illegal-spying-111199 ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/eu-affairs\/2017\/05\/01\/as-anti-turkish-politics-grip-europe-turkish-swiss-policeman-arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-brings-key-feto-suspect-from-ukraine-to-turkey-134608<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.meforum.org\/60976\/turkish-spy-agency-mit-intelligence-gathering-australia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-court\/egypt-detains-29-people-on-suspicion-of-espionage-for-turkey-idUSKBN1DM1AN<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/33764\/In-Pictures-Egypt-foils-Turkish-espionage-attempt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-agency-brings-three-feto-members-from-gabon-to-turkey-130050<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/turkey\/turkish-intelligence-agency-rescues-a-kidnapped-italian-citizen-in-kenya-36192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20190807-libyan-national-army-turkish-intelligence-is-operating-in-tripoli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/11\/27\/senior-feto-figure-captured-by-turkish-intelligence-in-sudan\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

14 avril 2007 : Plus d'un million de citoyens pacifiques protestent contre l'abolition de la libert\u00e9 et contre un r\u00e9gime qui a transform\u00e9 leur patrie en un enfer d'oppression, de violence et de mis\u00e8re. Une sc\u00e8ne d'humanit\u00e9 passionnante qui pourrait difficilement \u00eatre r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9e<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, cela ne change pas la substance des choses. Aujourd'hui, f\u00e9vrier 2021, le gouvernement et ses agences de renseignement dans au moins 40 pays \u00e0 travers le monde, dont la grande majorit\u00e9 est dirig\u00e9e par une dictature, ont entre les mains des logiciels qui vont non seulement au-del\u00e0 des sc\u00e9narios apocalyptiques d\u00e9crits par George Orwell, mais aussi du \"Br\u00e9sil<\/em>\" de Terry Gilliam : D\u00e9sormais, un r\u00e9gime n'a plus besoin de d\u00e9couvrir que quelqu'un pr\u00e9pare un complot pour les isoler, les torturer, les condamner et les exterminer. L'\u00c9tat peut cr\u00e9er des preuves d'un simple clic d'ordinateur, en utilisant un logiciel qui en un milli\u00e8me de seconde condamnera chacun de nous et impliquera chacun de nos proches dans notre destruction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 o\u00f9 l'ali\u00e9nation de l'individu du contexte commun a d\u00e9j\u00e0 atteint des proportions inqui\u00e9tantes, les logiciels d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s et vendus par une petite poign\u00e9e de criminels totalement inconnus du public ont permis \u00e0 l'humanit\u00e9 de s'engager sur un chemin de non-retour : celui o\u00f9 il n'y a plus rien de vrai et de v\u00e9rifiable dans lequel chacun de nous doit douter de qui est autour de nous, et m\u00eame (et plus encore) nous-m\u00eames.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La faiblesse et la superficialit\u00e9 avec lesquelles les gouvernements occidentaux (en particulier les \u00c9tats-Unis, l'Allemagne et le Royaume-Uni) ont permis \u00e0 ce logiciel d'\u00eatre distribu\u00e9 \u00e0 travers la plan\u00e8te pour des calculs purement \u00e9go\u00efstes sont impardonnables et le signe que 75 ans apr\u00e8s la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale , 30 ans apr\u00e8s la fin de la guerre froide, et la peur d'un conflit nucl\u00e9aire lorsque la nature se rebelle contre la mani\u00e8re insens\u00e9e dont nous la d\u00e9truisons, les gens ont franchi la limite ultime \u2013 ceux dans lesquels l'ennemi qui tue ne vient pas de l'ext\u00e9rieur, mais de l'int\u00e9rieur \u2013 et est inexorable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/65-in-yuzbinleri-6335051<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/6554851.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/laik-turkiye-icin-caglayan-a-6426626<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/3-miting-3-mesaj-6462629<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/izmir-rekor-bekliyor-6495436<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/turkey-used-german-spy-software-on-opposition-politicians-and-activists\/a-43787769<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/en\/content\/turkish-spy-networks-control-opponents<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-39416954<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.birgun.net\/haber\/iddia-pelikancilar-hakan-fidan-gitsin-diyor-283382<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trthaber.com\/haber\/gundem\/iletisim-baskanligi-berat-albayrakin-gorevden-af-talebi-kabul-edilmistir-529559.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/europe\/russia-accuses-president-erdogan-s-son-law-being-linked-isis-oil-trade-a6761436.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2016\/09\/turkey-redhackers-daunt-the-erdogan-family.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepressproject.gr\/exclusive-wikileaks-documents-relations-erdogan-isis-oil-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.duvarenglish.com\/sport\/2020\/02\/10\/politics-in-stadiums-fenerbahce-fans-urge-minister-albayrak-to-keep-hands-off-football<\/a> ; https:\/\/odatv4.com\/fenerbahceliler-damata-karsi-ayaga-kalkti-02022031.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Intelligence Online, \u201cHakan Fidan close to ministerial promotion<\/em>\u201d, see in 2020.11.18 Hakan Fidan Minister<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-launches-project-to-train-1-million-software-developers-154081<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> 2017.04.13 T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mill%C3%AE_%C4%B0stihbarat_Te%C5%9Fkil%C3%A2t%C4%B1#Leitung<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> Hakan Fidan on Nexis, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/t24.com.tr\/haber\/adanada-3-tir-durduruldu-arama-yapiliyor,248707<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> 1000 colpi di mortaio, 1000 colpi di artiglieria, 50\u2019000 fucili d'assalto e 30\u2019000 munizioni per mitragliatrice \u2013 see in https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529223636\/http:\/\/www.aktifhaber.com\/devlet-sirri-denilen-mit-tirlari-ile-ilgili-tapeler-1053377h.htm#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.haber7.com\/guncel\/haber\/1121773-mit-tirlari-neden-durduruldu ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aljazeera.com.tr\/haber\/mit-tirlari-boyle-durduruldu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/bianet.org\/bianet\/insan-haklari\/155519-tir-lari-durdurmakla-suclanan-13-askere-muebbet-istendi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milliyet.com.tr\/gundem\/mit-tirlari-olayinda-yeni-gelisme-5-savci-gorevden-uzaklastirildi-1999064<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/erdogandan-canli-yayinda-can-dundara-tehdit-288885<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.faz.net\/aktuell\/politik\/ausland\/europa\/tuerkei\/tuerkei-kampf-gegen-die-soldaten-des-lichts-12715816.html?printPagedArticle=true#pageIndex_3<\/a> ; https:\/\/taz.de\/Wie-Guelen-zum-Staatsfeind-Nr-1-wurde\/!5323191\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2021\/02\/03\/son-dakika-istihbarattaki-fetocu-generalden-bomba-itiraflar-tegmen-rutbemi-fetullah-gulen-takti<\/a> ; https:\/\/tr.sputniknews.com\/turkiye\/202001211041211454-sozcu-ilker-basbugu-cezaevine-attiran-feto-mektubunu-acikliyoruz\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.genios.de\/presse-archiv\/artikel\/FAZ\/20171111\/jagd-auf-die-guelenisten\/FR1201711115279571.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nadir.org\/nadir\/initiativ\/isku\/hintergrund\/geheimdienste\/geheim994.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/tuerkischer-geheimdienst-liess-erdogan-gegner-in-deutschland-ausspionieren\/12027820.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article157778863\/Erdogans-Agenten-bedrohen-Tuerken-in-Deutschland.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html ;  https:\/\/www.derstandard.at\/story\/1397522175727\/geheimdienst-staat-tuerkei<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2020\/09\/turkey-austria-spy-nehammer-kurdish-clashes-protests-vienna.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/austria-turkey-espionage-int-idUSKBN25S4R5<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/10\/13\/world\/europe\/turkey-austria-erdogan-assassin.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/global-europe\/news\/flemish-minister-turkish-sponosred-mosque-is-nest-of-spies\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/07\/06\/influenced-by-gulenists-belgium-targets-turkish-mosques-fighting-extremism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/erdogan-critics-listed-by-turkish-embassy-in-prague-were-included-in-bogus-terrorism-probe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turk-greek-ties-strained-by-arson-row-10324<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-greece-germany-spying\/greek-police-arrest-german-on-suspicion-of-spying-idUSBRE97208820130803<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kathimerini.gr\/society\/896001\/istories-me-kataskopoys-sto-aigaio\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.larissanet.gr\/2019\/06\/21\/dikazetai-sti-rodo-kataskopos-tis-tourkias\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/ahvalnews.com\/mit\/turkish-intelligence-recruits-eu-retirees-spy-greece<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/04\/turkish-intelligence-operations-targeting-critics-in-greece-exposed-in-secret-documents\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/intelnews.org\/2016\/12\/09\/01-2023\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/more-secret-documents-confirming-vast-turkish-espionage-activities-in-greece-uncovered\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.skai.gr\/news\/greece\/dyo-syllipseis-ellinon-gia-kataskopeia-sti-rodo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-kosovo-security-turkey-idUSKBN1H70CC<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/opinion\/murat-yetkin\/turkish-intelligence-unveils-secret-codes-used-before-coup-attempt-103843<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2018\/09\/turkish-teachers-detained-moldova-gulen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/balkaninsight.com\/2018\/09\/06\/six-turkish-professors-detained-by-moldovan-secret-services-09-06-2018\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/turkeypurge.com\/turkey-spying-imams-active-also-in-norway<\/a> ; https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/turkeys-autocratic-president-erdogans-spying-profiling-expands-in-norway\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/kafila.org\/www-matthewaid-com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/report-sweden-launches-espionage-probe-into-turkish-govt-representatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/politics\/undiplomatic_swiss-eye-alleged-turkish-kidnapping-attempt\/43973170 ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/swiss-foreign-minister-warns-turkey-against-illegal-spying-111199 ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/eu-affairs\/2017\/05\/01\/as-anti-turkish-politics-grip-europe-turkish-swiss-policeman-arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-brings-key-feto-suspect-from-ukraine-to-turkey-134608<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.meforum.org\/60976\/turkish-spy-agency-mit-intelligence-gathering-australia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-court\/egypt-detains-29-people-on-suspicion-of-espionage-for-turkey-idUSKBN1DM1AN<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/33764\/In-Pictures-Egypt-foils-Turkish-espionage-attempt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-agency-brings-three-feto-members-from-gabon-to-turkey-130050<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/turkey\/turkish-intelligence-agency-rescues-a-kidnapped-italian-citizen-in-kenya-36192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20190807-libyan-national-army-turkish-intelligence-is-operating-in-tripoli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/11\/27\/senior-feto-figure-captured-by-turkish-intelligence-in-sudan\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

14 avril 2007 : Plus d'un million de citoyens pacifiques protestent contre l'abolition de la libert\u00e9 et contre un r\u00e9gime qui a transform\u00e9 leur patrie en un enfer d'oppression, de violence et de mis\u00e8re. Une sc\u00e8ne d'humanit\u00e9 passionnante qui pourrait difficilement \u00eatre r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9e<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, cela ne change pas la substance des choses. Aujourd'hui, f\u00e9vrier 2021, le gouvernement et ses agences de renseignement dans au moins 40 pays \u00e0 travers le monde, dont la grande majorit\u00e9 est dirig\u00e9e par une dictature, ont entre les mains des logiciels qui vont non seulement au-del\u00e0 des sc\u00e9narios apocalyptiques d\u00e9crits par George Orwell, mais aussi du \"Br\u00e9sil<\/em>\" de Terry Gilliam : D\u00e9sormais, un r\u00e9gime n'a plus besoin de d\u00e9couvrir que quelqu'un pr\u00e9pare un complot pour les isoler, les torturer, les condamner et les exterminer. L'\u00c9tat peut cr\u00e9er des preuves d'un simple clic d'ordinateur, en utilisant un logiciel qui en un milli\u00e8me de seconde condamnera chacun de nous et impliquera chacun de nos proches dans notre destruction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 o\u00f9 l'ali\u00e9nation de l'individu du contexte commun a d\u00e9j\u00e0 atteint des proportions inqui\u00e9tantes, les logiciels d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s et vendus par une petite poign\u00e9e de criminels totalement inconnus du public ont permis \u00e0 l'humanit\u00e9 de s'engager sur un chemin de non-retour : celui o\u00f9 il n'y a plus rien de vrai et de v\u00e9rifiable dans lequel chacun de nous doit douter de qui est autour de nous, et m\u00eame (et plus encore) nous-m\u00eames.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La faiblesse et la superficialit\u00e9 avec lesquelles les gouvernements occidentaux (en particulier les \u00c9tats-Unis, l'Allemagne et le Royaume-Uni) ont permis \u00e0 ce logiciel d'\u00eatre distribu\u00e9 \u00e0 travers la plan\u00e8te pour des calculs purement \u00e9go\u00efstes sont impardonnables et le signe que 75 ans apr\u00e8s la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale , 30 ans apr\u00e8s la fin de la guerre froide, et la peur d'un conflit nucl\u00e9aire lorsque la nature se rebelle contre la mani\u00e8re insens\u00e9e dont nous la d\u00e9truisons, les gens ont franchi la limite ultime \u2013 ceux dans lesquels l'ennemi qui tue ne vient pas de l'ext\u00e9rieur, mais de l'int\u00e9rieur \u2013 et est inexorable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/65-in-yuzbinleri-6335051<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/6554851.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/laik-turkiye-icin-caglayan-a-6426626<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/3-miting-3-mesaj-6462629<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/izmir-rekor-bekliyor-6495436<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/turkey-used-german-spy-software-on-opposition-politicians-and-activists\/a-43787769<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/en\/content\/turkish-spy-networks-control-opponents<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-39416954<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.birgun.net\/haber\/iddia-pelikancilar-hakan-fidan-gitsin-diyor-283382<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trthaber.com\/haber\/gundem\/iletisim-baskanligi-berat-albayrakin-gorevden-af-talebi-kabul-edilmistir-529559.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/europe\/russia-accuses-president-erdogan-s-son-law-being-linked-isis-oil-trade-a6761436.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2016\/09\/turkey-redhackers-daunt-the-erdogan-family.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepressproject.gr\/exclusive-wikileaks-documents-relations-erdogan-isis-oil-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.duvarenglish.com\/sport\/2020\/02\/10\/politics-in-stadiums-fenerbahce-fans-urge-minister-albayrak-to-keep-hands-off-football<\/a> ; https:\/\/odatv4.com\/fenerbahceliler-damata-karsi-ayaga-kalkti-02022031.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Intelligence Online, \u201cHakan Fidan close to ministerial promotion<\/em>\u201d, see in 2020.11.18 Hakan Fidan Minister<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-launches-project-to-train-1-million-software-developers-154081<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> 2017.04.13 T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mill%C3%AE_%C4%B0stihbarat_Te%C5%9Fkil%C3%A2t%C4%B1#Leitung<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> Hakan Fidan on Nexis, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/t24.com.tr\/haber\/adanada-3-tir-durduruldu-arama-yapiliyor,248707<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> 1000 colpi di mortaio, 1000 colpi di artiglieria, 50\u2019000 fucili d'assalto e 30\u2019000 munizioni per mitragliatrice \u2013 see in https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529223636\/http:\/\/www.aktifhaber.com\/devlet-sirri-denilen-mit-tirlari-ile-ilgili-tapeler-1053377h.htm#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.haber7.com\/guncel\/haber\/1121773-mit-tirlari-neden-durduruldu ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aljazeera.com.tr\/haber\/mit-tirlari-boyle-durduruldu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/bianet.org\/bianet\/insan-haklari\/155519-tir-lari-durdurmakla-suclanan-13-askere-muebbet-istendi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milliyet.com.tr\/gundem\/mit-tirlari-olayinda-yeni-gelisme-5-savci-gorevden-uzaklastirildi-1999064<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/erdogandan-canli-yayinda-can-dundara-tehdit-288885<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.faz.net\/aktuell\/politik\/ausland\/europa\/tuerkei\/tuerkei-kampf-gegen-die-soldaten-des-lichts-12715816.html?printPagedArticle=true#pageIndex_3<\/a> ; https:\/\/taz.de\/Wie-Guelen-zum-Staatsfeind-Nr-1-wurde\/!5323191\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2021\/02\/03\/son-dakika-istihbarattaki-fetocu-generalden-bomba-itiraflar-tegmen-rutbemi-fetullah-gulen-takti<\/a> ; https:\/\/tr.sputniknews.com\/turkiye\/202001211041211454-sozcu-ilker-basbugu-cezaevine-attiran-feto-mektubunu-acikliyoruz\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.genios.de\/presse-archiv\/artikel\/FAZ\/20171111\/jagd-auf-die-guelenisten\/FR1201711115279571.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nadir.org\/nadir\/initiativ\/isku\/hintergrund\/geheimdienste\/geheim994.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/tuerkischer-geheimdienst-liess-erdogan-gegner-in-deutschland-ausspionieren\/12027820.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article157778863\/Erdogans-Agenten-bedrohen-Tuerken-in-Deutschland.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html ;  https:\/\/www.derstandard.at\/story\/1397522175727\/geheimdienst-staat-tuerkei<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2020\/09\/turkey-austria-spy-nehammer-kurdish-clashes-protests-vienna.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/austria-turkey-espionage-int-idUSKBN25S4R5<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/10\/13\/world\/europe\/turkey-austria-erdogan-assassin.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/global-europe\/news\/flemish-minister-turkish-sponosred-mosque-is-nest-of-spies\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/07\/06\/influenced-by-gulenists-belgium-targets-turkish-mosques-fighting-extremism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/erdogan-critics-listed-by-turkish-embassy-in-prague-were-included-in-bogus-terrorism-probe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turk-greek-ties-strained-by-arson-row-10324<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-greece-germany-spying\/greek-police-arrest-german-on-suspicion-of-spying-idUSBRE97208820130803<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kathimerini.gr\/society\/896001\/istories-me-kataskopoys-sto-aigaio\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.larissanet.gr\/2019\/06\/21\/dikazetai-sti-rodo-kataskopos-tis-tourkias\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/ahvalnews.com\/mit\/turkish-intelligence-recruits-eu-retirees-spy-greece<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/04\/turkish-intelligence-operations-targeting-critics-in-greece-exposed-in-secret-documents\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/intelnews.org\/2016\/12\/09\/01-2023\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/more-secret-documents-confirming-vast-turkish-espionage-activities-in-greece-uncovered\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.skai.gr\/news\/greece\/dyo-syllipseis-ellinon-gia-kataskopeia-sti-rodo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-kosovo-security-turkey-idUSKBN1H70CC<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/opinion\/murat-yetkin\/turkish-intelligence-unveils-secret-codes-used-before-coup-attempt-103843<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2018\/09\/turkish-teachers-detained-moldova-gulen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/balkaninsight.com\/2018\/09\/06\/six-turkish-professors-detained-by-moldovan-secret-services-09-06-2018\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/turkeypurge.com\/turkey-spying-imams-active-also-in-norway<\/a> ; https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/turkeys-autocratic-president-erdogans-spying-profiling-expands-in-norway\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/kafila.org\/www-matthewaid-com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/report-sweden-launches-espionage-probe-into-turkish-govt-representatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/politics\/undiplomatic_swiss-eye-alleged-turkish-kidnapping-attempt\/43973170 ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/swiss-foreign-minister-warns-turkey-against-illegal-spying-111199 ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/eu-affairs\/2017\/05\/01\/as-anti-turkish-politics-grip-europe-turkish-swiss-policeman-arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-brings-key-feto-suspect-from-ukraine-to-turkey-134608<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.meforum.org\/60976\/turkish-spy-agency-mit-intelligence-gathering-australia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-court\/egypt-detains-29-people-on-suspicion-of-espionage-for-turkey-idUSKBN1DM1AN<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/33764\/In-Pictures-Egypt-foils-Turkish-espionage-attempt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-agency-brings-three-feto-members-from-gabon-to-turkey-130050<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/turkey\/turkish-intelligence-agency-rescues-a-kidnapped-italian-citizen-in-kenya-36192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20190807-libyan-national-army-turkish-intelligence-is-operating-in-tripoli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/11\/27\/senior-feto-figure-captured-by-turkish-intelligence-in-sudan\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Il n'y a pas de retour en arri\u00e8re<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

14 avril 2007 : Plus d'un million de citoyens pacifiques protestent contre l'abolition de la libert\u00e9 et contre un r\u00e9gime qui a transform\u00e9 leur patrie en un enfer d'oppression, de violence et de mis\u00e8re. Une sc\u00e8ne d'humanit\u00e9 passionnante qui pourrait difficilement \u00eatre r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9e<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, cela ne change pas la substance des choses. Aujourd'hui, f\u00e9vrier 2021, le gouvernement et ses agences de renseignement dans au moins 40 pays \u00e0 travers le monde, dont la grande majorit\u00e9 est dirig\u00e9e par une dictature, ont entre les mains des logiciels qui vont non seulement au-del\u00e0 des sc\u00e9narios apocalyptiques d\u00e9crits par George Orwell, mais aussi du \"Br\u00e9sil<\/em>\" de Terry Gilliam : D\u00e9sormais, un r\u00e9gime n'a plus besoin de d\u00e9couvrir que quelqu'un pr\u00e9pare un complot pour les isoler, les torturer, les condamner et les exterminer. L'\u00c9tat peut cr\u00e9er des preuves d'un simple clic d'ordinateur, en utilisant un logiciel qui en un milli\u00e8me de seconde condamnera chacun de nous et impliquera chacun de nos proches dans notre destruction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 o\u00f9 l'ali\u00e9nation de l'individu du contexte commun a d\u00e9j\u00e0 atteint des proportions inqui\u00e9tantes, les logiciels d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s et vendus par une petite poign\u00e9e de criminels totalement inconnus du public ont permis \u00e0 l'humanit\u00e9 de s'engager sur un chemin de non-retour : celui o\u00f9 il n'y a plus rien de vrai et de v\u00e9rifiable dans lequel chacun de nous doit douter de qui est autour de nous, et m\u00eame (et plus encore) nous-m\u00eames.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La faiblesse et la superficialit\u00e9 avec lesquelles les gouvernements occidentaux (en particulier les \u00c9tats-Unis, l'Allemagne et le Royaume-Uni) ont permis \u00e0 ce logiciel d'\u00eatre distribu\u00e9 \u00e0 travers la plan\u00e8te pour des calculs purement \u00e9go\u00efstes sont impardonnables et le signe que 75 ans apr\u00e8s la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale , 30 ans apr\u00e8s la fin de la guerre froide, et la peur d'un conflit nucl\u00e9aire lorsque la nature se rebelle contre la mani\u00e8re insens\u00e9e dont nous la d\u00e9truisons, les gens ont franchi la limite ultime \u2013 ceux dans lesquels l'ennemi qui tue ne vient pas de l'ext\u00e9rieur, mais de l'int\u00e9rieur \u2013 et est inexorable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/65-in-yuzbinleri-6335051<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/6554851.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/laik-turkiye-icin-caglayan-a-6426626<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/3-miting-3-mesaj-6462629<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/izmir-rekor-bekliyor-6495436<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/turkey-used-german-spy-software-on-opposition-politicians-and-activists\/a-43787769<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/en\/content\/turkish-spy-networks-control-opponents<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-39416954<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.birgun.net\/haber\/iddia-pelikancilar-hakan-fidan-gitsin-diyor-283382<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trthaber.com\/haber\/gundem\/iletisim-baskanligi-berat-albayrakin-gorevden-af-talebi-kabul-edilmistir-529559.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/europe\/russia-accuses-president-erdogan-s-son-law-being-linked-isis-oil-trade-a6761436.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2016\/09\/turkey-redhackers-daunt-the-erdogan-family.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepressproject.gr\/exclusive-wikileaks-documents-relations-erdogan-isis-oil-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.duvarenglish.com\/sport\/2020\/02\/10\/politics-in-stadiums-fenerbahce-fans-urge-minister-albayrak-to-keep-hands-off-football<\/a> ; https:\/\/odatv4.com\/fenerbahceliler-damata-karsi-ayaga-kalkti-02022031.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Intelligence Online, \u201cHakan Fidan close to ministerial promotion<\/em>\u201d, see in 2020.11.18 Hakan Fidan Minister<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-launches-project-to-train-1-million-software-developers-154081<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> 2017.04.13 T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mill%C3%AE_%C4%B0stihbarat_Te%C5%9Fkil%C3%A2t%C4%B1#Leitung<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> Hakan Fidan on Nexis, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/t24.com.tr\/haber\/adanada-3-tir-durduruldu-arama-yapiliyor,248707<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> 1000 colpi di mortaio, 1000 colpi di artiglieria, 50\u2019000 fucili d'assalto e 30\u2019000 munizioni per mitragliatrice \u2013 see in https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529223636\/http:\/\/www.aktifhaber.com\/devlet-sirri-denilen-mit-tirlari-ile-ilgili-tapeler-1053377h.htm#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.haber7.com\/guncel\/haber\/1121773-mit-tirlari-neden-durduruldu ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aljazeera.com.tr\/haber\/mit-tirlari-boyle-durduruldu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/bianet.org\/bianet\/insan-haklari\/155519-tir-lari-durdurmakla-suclanan-13-askere-muebbet-istendi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milliyet.com.tr\/gundem\/mit-tirlari-olayinda-yeni-gelisme-5-savci-gorevden-uzaklastirildi-1999064<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/erdogandan-canli-yayinda-can-dundara-tehdit-288885<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.faz.net\/aktuell\/politik\/ausland\/europa\/tuerkei\/tuerkei-kampf-gegen-die-soldaten-des-lichts-12715816.html?printPagedArticle=true#pageIndex_3<\/a> ; https:\/\/taz.de\/Wie-Guelen-zum-Staatsfeind-Nr-1-wurde\/!5323191\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2021\/02\/03\/son-dakika-istihbarattaki-fetocu-generalden-bomba-itiraflar-tegmen-rutbemi-fetullah-gulen-takti<\/a> ; https:\/\/tr.sputniknews.com\/turkiye\/202001211041211454-sozcu-ilker-basbugu-cezaevine-attiran-feto-mektubunu-acikliyoruz\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.genios.de\/presse-archiv\/artikel\/FAZ\/20171111\/jagd-auf-die-guelenisten\/FR1201711115279571.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nadir.org\/nadir\/initiativ\/isku\/hintergrund\/geheimdienste\/geheim994.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/tuerkischer-geheimdienst-liess-erdogan-gegner-in-deutschland-ausspionieren\/12027820.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article157778863\/Erdogans-Agenten-bedrohen-Tuerken-in-Deutschland.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html ;  https:\/\/www.derstandard.at\/story\/1397522175727\/geheimdienst-staat-tuerkei<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2020\/09\/turkey-austria-spy-nehammer-kurdish-clashes-protests-vienna.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/austria-turkey-espionage-int-idUSKBN25S4R5<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/10\/13\/world\/europe\/turkey-austria-erdogan-assassin.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/global-europe\/news\/flemish-minister-turkish-sponosred-mosque-is-nest-of-spies\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/07\/06\/influenced-by-gulenists-belgium-targets-turkish-mosques-fighting-extremism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/erdogan-critics-listed-by-turkish-embassy-in-prague-were-included-in-bogus-terrorism-probe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turk-greek-ties-strained-by-arson-row-10324<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-greece-germany-spying\/greek-police-arrest-german-on-suspicion-of-spying-idUSBRE97208820130803<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kathimerini.gr\/society\/896001\/istories-me-kataskopoys-sto-aigaio\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.larissanet.gr\/2019\/06\/21\/dikazetai-sti-rodo-kataskopos-tis-tourkias\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/ahvalnews.com\/mit\/turkish-intelligence-recruits-eu-retirees-spy-greece<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/04\/turkish-intelligence-operations-targeting-critics-in-greece-exposed-in-secret-documents\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/intelnews.org\/2016\/12\/09\/01-2023\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/more-secret-documents-confirming-vast-turkish-espionage-activities-in-greece-uncovered\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.skai.gr\/news\/greece\/dyo-syllipseis-ellinon-gia-kataskopeia-sti-rodo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-kosovo-security-turkey-idUSKBN1H70CC<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/opinion\/murat-yetkin\/turkish-intelligence-unveils-secret-codes-used-before-coup-attempt-103843<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2018\/09\/turkish-teachers-detained-moldova-gulen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/balkaninsight.com\/2018\/09\/06\/six-turkish-professors-detained-by-moldovan-secret-services-09-06-2018\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/turkeypurge.com\/turkey-spying-imams-active-also-in-norway<\/a> ; https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/turkeys-autocratic-president-erdogans-spying-profiling-expands-in-norway\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/kafila.org\/www-matthewaid-com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/report-sweden-launches-espionage-probe-into-turkish-govt-representatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/politics\/undiplomatic_swiss-eye-alleged-turkish-kidnapping-attempt\/43973170 ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/swiss-foreign-minister-warns-turkey-against-illegal-spying-111199 ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/eu-affairs\/2017\/05\/01\/as-anti-turkish-politics-grip-europe-turkish-swiss-policeman-arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-brings-key-feto-suspect-from-ukraine-to-turkey-134608<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.meforum.org\/60976\/turkish-spy-agency-mit-intelligence-gathering-australia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-court\/egypt-detains-29-people-on-suspicion-of-espionage-for-turkey-idUSKBN1DM1AN<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/33764\/In-Pictures-Egypt-foils-Turkish-espionage-attempt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-agency-brings-three-feto-members-from-gabon-to-turkey-130050<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/turkey\/turkish-intelligence-agency-rescues-a-kidnapped-italian-citizen-in-kenya-36192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20190807-libyan-national-army-turkish-intelligence-is-operating-in-tripoli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/11\/27\/senior-feto-figure-captured-by-turkish-intelligence-in-sudan\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Les n\u00e9gociations n'\u00e9taient pas termin\u00e9es lorsque FinFisher a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 vendre son FinSpy \u00e0 la Turquie et le monde entier a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 voir le danger. Apr\u00e8s les recherches \u00e0 Munich, en Suisse et en Roumanie, Nelson a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 liquider toutes les entreprises le plus rapidement possible: certaines d'entre elles (Computplus Ltd., G2 Systems Ltd., Gamma 2000 Ltd., Gamma 2000 Waste Management Ltd., Gamma International (UK) Ltd.) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 liquid\u00e9s d\u00e9but f\u00e9vrier 2021 au moment de la r\u00e9daction de cet article[101]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'y a pas de retour en arri\u00e8re<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

14 avril 2007 : Plus d'un million de citoyens pacifiques protestent contre l'abolition de la libert\u00e9 et contre un r\u00e9gime qui a transform\u00e9 leur patrie en un enfer d'oppression, de violence et de mis\u00e8re. Une sc\u00e8ne d'humanit\u00e9 passionnante qui pourrait difficilement \u00eatre r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9e<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, cela ne change pas la substance des choses. Aujourd'hui, f\u00e9vrier 2021, le gouvernement et ses agences de renseignement dans au moins 40 pays \u00e0 travers le monde, dont la grande majorit\u00e9 est dirig\u00e9e par une dictature, ont entre les mains des logiciels qui vont non seulement au-del\u00e0 des sc\u00e9narios apocalyptiques d\u00e9crits par George Orwell, mais aussi du \"Br\u00e9sil<\/em>\" de Terry Gilliam : D\u00e9sormais, un r\u00e9gime n'a plus besoin de d\u00e9couvrir que quelqu'un pr\u00e9pare un complot pour les isoler, les torturer, les condamner et les exterminer. L'\u00c9tat peut cr\u00e9er des preuves d'un simple clic d'ordinateur, en utilisant un logiciel qui en un milli\u00e8me de seconde condamnera chacun de nous et impliquera chacun de nos proches dans notre destruction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 o\u00f9 l'ali\u00e9nation de l'individu du contexte commun a d\u00e9j\u00e0 atteint des proportions inqui\u00e9tantes, les logiciels d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s et vendus par une petite poign\u00e9e de criminels totalement inconnus du public ont permis \u00e0 l'humanit\u00e9 de s'engager sur un chemin de non-retour : celui o\u00f9 il n'y a plus rien de vrai et de v\u00e9rifiable dans lequel chacun de nous doit douter de qui est autour de nous, et m\u00eame (et plus encore) nous-m\u00eames.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La faiblesse et la superficialit\u00e9 avec lesquelles les gouvernements occidentaux (en particulier les \u00c9tats-Unis, l'Allemagne et le Royaume-Uni) ont permis \u00e0 ce logiciel d'\u00eatre distribu\u00e9 \u00e0 travers la plan\u00e8te pour des calculs purement \u00e9go\u00efstes sont impardonnables et le signe que 75 ans apr\u00e8s la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale , 30 ans apr\u00e8s la fin de la guerre froide, et la peur d'un conflit nucl\u00e9aire lorsque la nature se rebelle contre la mani\u00e8re insens\u00e9e dont nous la d\u00e9truisons, les gens ont franchi la limite ultime \u2013 ceux dans lesquels l'ennemi qui tue ne vient pas de l'ext\u00e9rieur, mais de l'int\u00e9rieur \u2013 et est inexorable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/65-in-yuzbinleri-6335051<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/6554851.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/laik-turkiye-icin-caglayan-a-6426626<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/3-miting-3-mesaj-6462629<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/izmir-rekor-bekliyor-6495436<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/turkey-used-german-spy-software-on-opposition-politicians-and-activists\/a-43787769<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/en\/content\/turkish-spy-networks-control-opponents<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-39416954<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.birgun.net\/haber\/iddia-pelikancilar-hakan-fidan-gitsin-diyor-283382<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trthaber.com\/haber\/gundem\/iletisim-baskanligi-berat-albayrakin-gorevden-af-talebi-kabul-edilmistir-529559.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/europe\/russia-accuses-president-erdogan-s-son-law-being-linked-isis-oil-trade-a6761436.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2016\/09\/turkey-redhackers-daunt-the-erdogan-family.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepressproject.gr\/exclusive-wikileaks-documents-relations-erdogan-isis-oil-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.duvarenglish.com\/sport\/2020\/02\/10\/politics-in-stadiums-fenerbahce-fans-urge-minister-albayrak-to-keep-hands-off-football<\/a> ; https:\/\/odatv4.com\/fenerbahceliler-damata-karsi-ayaga-kalkti-02022031.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Intelligence Online, \u201cHakan Fidan close to ministerial promotion<\/em>\u201d, see in 2020.11.18 Hakan Fidan Minister<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-launches-project-to-train-1-million-software-developers-154081<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> 2017.04.13 T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mill%C3%AE_%C4%B0stihbarat_Te%C5%9Fkil%C3%A2t%C4%B1#Leitung<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> Hakan Fidan on Nexis, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/t24.com.tr\/haber\/adanada-3-tir-durduruldu-arama-yapiliyor,248707<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> 1000 colpi di mortaio, 1000 colpi di artiglieria, 50\u2019000 fucili d'assalto e 30\u2019000 munizioni per mitragliatrice \u2013 see in https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529223636\/http:\/\/www.aktifhaber.com\/devlet-sirri-denilen-mit-tirlari-ile-ilgili-tapeler-1053377h.htm#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.haber7.com\/guncel\/haber\/1121773-mit-tirlari-neden-durduruldu ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aljazeera.com.tr\/haber\/mit-tirlari-boyle-durduruldu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/bianet.org\/bianet\/insan-haklari\/155519-tir-lari-durdurmakla-suclanan-13-askere-muebbet-istendi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milliyet.com.tr\/gundem\/mit-tirlari-olayinda-yeni-gelisme-5-savci-gorevden-uzaklastirildi-1999064<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/erdogandan-canli-yayinda-can-dundara-tehdit-288885<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.faz.net\/aktuell\/politik\/ausland\/europa\/tuerkei\/tuerkei-kampf-gegen-die-soldaten-des-lichts-12715816.html?printPagedArticle=true#pageIndex_3<\/a> ; https:\/\/taz.de\/Wie-Guelen-zum-Staatsfeind-Nr-1-wurde\/!5323191\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2021\/02\/03\/son-dakika-istihbarattaki-fetocu-generalden-bomba-itiraflar-tegmen-rutbemi-fetullah-gulen-takti<\/a> ; https:\/\/tr.sputniknews.com\/turkiye\/202001211041211454-sozcu-ilker-basbugu-cezaevine-attiran-feto-mektubunu-acikliyoruz\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.genios.de\/presse-archiv\/artikel\/FAZ\/20171111\/jagd-auf-die-guelenisten\/FR1201711115279571.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nadir.org\/nadir\/initiativ\/isku\/hintergrund\/geheimdienste\/geheim994.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/tuerkischer-geheimdienst-liess-erdogan-gegner-in-deutschland-ausspionieren\/12027820.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article157778863\/Erdogans-Agenten-bedrohen-Tuerken-in-Deutschland.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html ;  https:\/\/www.derstandard.at\/story\/1397522175727\/geheimdienst-staat-tuerkei<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2020\/09\/turkey-austria-spy-nehammer-kurdish-clashes-protests-vienna.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/austria-turkey-espionage-int-idUSKBN25S4R5<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/10\/13\/world\/europe\/turkey-austria-erdogan-assassin.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/global-europe\/news\/flemish-minister-turkish-sponosred-mosque-is-nest-of-spies\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/07\/06\/influenced-by-gulenists-belgium-targets-turkish-mosques-fighting-extremism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/erdogan-critics-listed-by-turkish-embassy-in-prague-were-included-in-bogus-terrorism-probe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turk-greek-ties-strained-by-arson-row-10324<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-greece-germany-spying\/greek-police-arrest-german-on-suspicion-of-spying-idUSBRE97208820130803<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kathimerini.gr\/society\/896001\/istories-me-kataskopoys-sto-aigaio\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.larissanet.gr\/2019\/06\/21\/dikazetai-sti-rodo-kataskopos-tis-tourkias\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/ahvalnews.com\/mit\/turkish-intelligence-recruits-eu-retirees-spy-greece<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/04\/turkish-intelligence-operations-targeting-critics-in-greece-exposed-in-secret-documents\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/intelnews.org\/2016\/12\/09\/01-2023\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/more-secret-documents-confirming-vast-turkish-espionage-activities-in-greece-uncovered\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.skai.gr\/news\/greece\/dyo-syllipseis-ellinon-gia-kataskopeia-sti-rodo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-kosovo-security-turkey-idUSKBN1H70CC<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/opinion\/murat-yetkin\/turkish-intelligence-unveils-secret-codes-used-before-coup-attempt-103843<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2018\/09\/turkish-teachers-detained-moldova-gulen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/balkaninsight.com\/2018\/09\/06\/six-turkish-professors-detained-by-moldovan-secret-services-09-06-2018\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/turkeypurge.com\/turkey-spying-imams-active-also-in-norway<\/a> ; https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/turkeys-autocratic-president-erdogans-spying-profiling-expands-in-norway\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/kafila.org\/www-matthewaid-com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/report-sweden-launches-espionage-probe-into-turkish-govt-representatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/politics\/undiplomatic_swiss-eye-alleged-turkish-kidnapping-attempt\/43973170 ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/swiss-foreign-minister-warns-turkey-against-illegal-spying-111199 ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/eu-affairs\/2017\/05\/01\/as-anti-turkish-politics-grip-europe-turkish-swiss-policeman-arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-brings-key-feto-suspect-from-ukraine-to-turkey-134608<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.meforum.org\/60976\/turkish-spy-agency-mit-intelligence-gathering-australia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-court\/egypt-detains-29-people-on-suspicion-of-espionage-for-turkey-idUSKBN1DM1AN<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/33764\/In-Pictures-Egypt-foils-Turkish-espionage-attempt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-agency-brings-three-feto-members-from-gabon-to-turkey-130050<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/turkey\/turkish-intelligence-agency-rescues-a-kidnapped-italian-citizen-in-kenya-36192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20190807-libyan-national-army-turkish-intelligence-is-operating-in-tripoli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/11\/27\/senior-feto-figure-captured-by-turkish-intelligence-in-sudan\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

C'est une tentation imposante et extr\u00eamement symbolique : la station d'interception de Bad Aibling est n\u00e9e en 1936 comme a\u00e9roport militaire et centre radar de la Luftwaffe, et \u00e0 la fin de la guerre, l'arm\u00e9e am\u00e9ricaine l'a convertie en camp de transit pour les prisonniers de guerre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s et victimes des camps de concentration nationaux-socialistes. Un camp de concentration tr\u00e8s c\u00e9l\u00e8bre que les \u00e9crivains G\u00fcnther Grass et Joseph Ratzinger (le futur pape Beno\u00eet XVI)[97]<\/sup><\/a> ont travers\u00e9. De 1952 jusqu'\u00e0 la fermeture, demand\u00e9e par l'Union europ\u00e9enne en 2001 et r\u00e9alis\u00e9e en 2004 (officiellement, puisque l'installation \u00e9tait toujours en activit\u00e9 en 2013[98]<\/sup><\/a>), la NSA de Bad Aibling a assembl\u00e9 ses syst\u00e8mes Echelon[99]<\/sup><\/a> pour intercepter les communications t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques du plan\u00e8te enti\u00e8re[100]<\/sup><\/a>. La prise de contr\u00f4le de la station NSA aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 la cons\u00e9cration de Nelson et de ses employ\u00e9s \u00e0 une entreprise d'importance mondiale et au pouvoir presque illimit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les n\u00e9gociations n'\u00e9taient pas termin\u00e9es lorsque FinFisher a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 vendre son FinSpy \u00e0 la Turquie et le monde entier a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 voir le danger. Apr\u00e8s les recherches \u00e0 Munich, en Suisse et en Roumanie, Nelson a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 liquider toutes les entreprises le plus rapidement possible: certaines d'entre elles (Computplus Ltd., G2 Systems Ltd., Gamma 2000 Ltd., Gamma 2000 Waste Management Ltd., Gamma International (UK) Ltd.) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 liquid\u00e9s d\u00e9but f\u00e9vrier 2021 au moment de la r\u00e9daction de cet article[101]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'y a pas de retour en arri\u00e8re<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

14 avril 2007 : Plus d'un million de citoyens pacifiques protestent contre l'abolition de la libert\u00e9 et contre un r\u00e9gime qui a transform\u00e9 leur patrie en un enfer d'oppression, de violence et de mis\u00e8re. Une sc\u00e8ne d'humanit\u00e9 passionnante qui pourrait difficilement \u00eatre r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9e<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, cela ne change pas la substance des choses. Aujourd'hui, f\u00e9vrier 2021, le gouvernement et ses agences de renseignement dans au moins 40 pays \u00e0 travers le monde, dont la grande majorit\u00e9 est dirig\u00e9e par une dictature, ont entre les mains des logiciels qui vont non seulement au-del\u00e0 des sc\u00e9narios apocalyptiques d\u00e9crits par George Orwell, mais aussi du \"Br\u00e9sil<\/em>\" de Terry Gilliam : D\u00e9sormais, un r\u00e9gime n'a plus besoin de d\u00e9couvrir que quelqu'un pr\u00e9pare un complot pour les isoler, les torturer, les condamner et les exterminer. L'\u00c9tat peut cr\u00e9er des preuves d'un simple clic d'ordinateur, en utilisant un logiciel qui en un milli\u00e8me de seconde condamnera chacun de nous et impliquera chacun de nos proches dans notre destruction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 o\u00f9 l'ali\u00e9nation de l'individu du contexte commun a d\u00e9j\u00e0 atteint des proportions inqui\u00e9tantes, les logiciels d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s et vendus par une petite poign\u00e9e de criminels totalement inconnus du public ont permis \u00e0 l'humanit\u00e9 de s'engager sur un chemin de non-retour : celui o\u00f9 il n'y a plus rien de vrai et de v\u00e9rifiable dans lequel chacun de nous doit douter de qui est autour de nous, et m\u00eame (et plus encore) nous-m\u00eames.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La faiblesse et la superficialit\u00e9 avec lesquelles les gouvernements occidentaux (en particulier les \u00c9tats-Unis, l'Allemagne et le Royaume-Uni) ont permis \u00e0 ce logiciel d'\u00eatre distribu\u00e9 \u00e0 travers la plan\u00e8te pour des calculs purement \u00e9go\u00efstes sont impardonnables et le signe que 75 ans apr\u00e8s la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale , 30 ans apr\u00e8s la fin de la guerre froide, et la peur d'un conflit nucl\u00e9aire lorsque la nature se rebelle contre la mani\u00e8re insens\u00e9e dont nous la d\u00e9truisons, les gens ont franchi la limite ultime \u2013 ceux dans lesquels l'ennemi qui tue ne vient pas de l'ext\u00e9rieur, mais de l'int\u00e9rieur \u2013 et est inexorable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/65-in-yuzbinleri-6335051<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/6554851.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/laik-turkiye-icin-caglayan-a-6426626<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/3-miting-3-mesaj-6462629<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/izmir-rekor-bekliyor-6495436<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/turkey-used-german-spy-software-on-opposition-politicians-and-activists\/a-43787769<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/en\/content\/turkish-spy-networks-control-opponents<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-39416954<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.birgun.net\/haber\/iddia-pelikancilar-hakan-fidan-gitsin-diyor-283382<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trthaber.com\/haber\/gundem\/iletisim-baskanligi-berat-albayrakin-gorevden-af-talebi-kabul-edilmistir-529559.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/europe\/russia-accuses-president-erdogan-s-son-law-being-linked-isis-oil-trade-a6761436.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2016\/09\/turkey-redhackers-daunt-the-erdogan-family.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepressproject.gr\/exclusive-wikileaks-documents-relations-erdogan-isis-oil-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.duvarenglish.com\/sport\/2020\/02\/10\/politics-in-stadiums-fenerbahce-fans-urge-minister-albayrak-to-keep-hands-off-football<\/a> ; https:\/\/odatv4.com\/fenerbahceliler-damata-karsi-ayaga-kalkti-02022031.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Intelligence Online, \u201cHakan Fidan close to ministerial promotion<\/em>\u201d, see in 2020.11.18 Hakan Fidan Minister<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-launches-project-to-train-1-million-software-developers-154081<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> 2017.04.13 T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mill%C3%AE_%C4%B0stihbarat_Te%C5%9Fkil%C3%A2t%C4%B1#Leitung<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> Hakan Fidan on Nexis, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/t24.com.tr\/haber\/adanada-3-tir-durduruldu-arama-yapiliyor,248707<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> 1000 colpi di mortaio, 1000 colpi di artiglieria, 50\u2019000 fucili d'assalto e 30\u2019000 munizioni per mitragliatrice \u2013 see in https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529223636\/http:\/\/www.aktifhaber.com\/devlet-sirri-denilen-mit-tirlari-ile-ilgili-tapeler-1053377h.htm#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.haber7.com\/guncel\/haber\/1121773-mit-tirlari-neden-durduruldu ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aljazeera.com.tr\/haber\/mit-tirlari-boyle-durduruldu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/bianet.org\/bianet\/insan-haklari\/155519-tir-lari-durdurmakla-suclanan-13-askere-muebbet-istendi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milliyet.com.tr\/gundem\/mit-tirlari-olayinda-yeni-gelisme-5-savci-gorevden-uzaklastirildi-1999064<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/erdogandan-canli-yayinda-can-dundara-tehdit-288885<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.faz.net\/aktuell\/politik\/ausland\/europa\/tuerkei\/tuerkei-kampf-gegen-die-soldaten-des-lichts-12715816.html?printPagedArticle=true#pageIndex_3<\/a> ; https:\/\/taz.de\/Wie-Guelen-zum-Staatsfeind-Nr-1-wurde\/!5323191\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2021\/02\/03\/son-dakika-istihbarattaki-fetocu-generalden-bomba-itiraflar-tegmen-rutbemi-fetullah-gulen-takti<\/a> ; https:\/\/tr.sputniknews.com\/turkiye\/202001211041211454-sozcu-ilker-basbugu-cezaevine-attiran-feto-mektubunu-acikliyoruz\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.genios.de\/presse-archiv\/artikel\/FAZ\/20171111\/jagd-auf-die-guelenisten\/FR1201711115279571.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nadir.org\/nadir\/initiativ\/isku\/hintergrund\/geheimdienste\/geheim994.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/tuerkischer-geheimdienst-liess-erdogan-gegner-in-deutschland-ausspionieren\/12027820.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article157778863\/Erdogans-Agenten-bedrohen-Tuerken-in-Deutschland.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html ;  https:\/\/www.derstandard.at\/story\/1397522175727\/geheimdienst-staat-tuerkei<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2020\/09\/turkey-austria-spy-nehammer-kurdish-clashes-protests-vienna.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/austria-turkey-espionage-int-idUSKBN25S4R5<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/10\/13\/world\/europe\/turkey-austria-erdogan-assassin.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/global-europe\/news\/flemish-minister-turkish-sponosred-mosque-is-nest-of-spies\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/07\/06\/influenced-by-gulenists-belgium-targets-turkish-mosques-fighting-extremism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/erdogan-critics-listed-by-turkish-embassy-in-prague-were-included-in-bogus-terrorism-probe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turk-greek-ties-strained-by-arson-row-10324<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-greece-germany-spying\/greek-police-arrest-german-on-suspicion-of-spying-idUSBRE97208820130803<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kathimerini.gr\/society\/896001\/istories-me-kataskopoys-sto-aigaio\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.larissanet.gr\/2019\/06\/21\/dikazetai-sti-rodo-kataskopos-tis-tourkias\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/ahvalnews.com\/mit\/turkish-intelligence-recruits-eu-retirees-spy-greece<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/04\/turkish-intelligence-operations-targeting-critics-in-greece-exposed-in-secret-documents\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/intelnews.org\/2016\/12\/09\/01-2023\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/more-secret-documents-confirming-vast-turkish-espionage-activities-in-greece-uncovered\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.skai.gr\/news\/greece\/dyo-syllipseis-ellinon-gia-kataskopeia-sti-rodo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-kosovo-security-turkey-idUSKBN1H70CC<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/opinion\/murat-yetkin\/turkish-intelligence-unveils-secret-codes-used-before-coup-attempt-103843<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2018\/09\/turkish-teachers-detained-moldova-gulen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/balkaninsight.com\/2018\/09\/06\/six-turkish-professors-detained-by-moldovan-secret-services-09-06-2018\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/turkeypurge.com\/turkey-spying-imams-active-also-in-norway<\/a> ; https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/turkeys-autocratic-president-erdogans-spying-profiling-expands-in-norway\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/kafila.org\/www-matthewaid-com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/report-sweden-launches-espionage-probe-into-turkish-govt-representatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/politics\/undiplomatic_swiss-eye-alleged-turkish-kidnapping-attempt\/43973170 ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/swiss-foreign-minister-warns-turkey-against-illegal-spying-111199 ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/eu-affairs\/2017\/05\/01\/as-anti-turkish-politics-grip-europe-turkish-swiss-policeman-arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-brings-key-feto-suspect-from-ukraine-to-turkey-134608<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.meforum.org\/60976\/turkish-spy-agency-mit-intelligence-gathering-australia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-court\/egypt-detains-29-people-on-suspicion-of-espionage-for-turkey-idUSKBN1DM1AN<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/33764\/In-Pictures-Egypt-foils-Turkish-espionage-attempt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-agency-brings-three-feto-members-from-gabon-to-turkey-130050<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/turkey\/turkish-intelligence-agency-rescues-a-kidnapped-italian-citizen-in-kenya-36192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20190807-libyan-national-army-turkish-intelligence-is-operating-in-tripoli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/11\/27\/senior-feto-figure-captured-by-turkish-intelligence-in-sudan\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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L'entreprise suivante est peut-\u00eatre encore plus \u00e9tonnante : Nelson fonde Elaman et d\u00e9localise certaines activit\u00e9s en Suisse[94]<\/sup><\/a> parce qu'il fait de nouveau affaire avec l'ancien partenaire de son p\u00e8re, Stephan Oelkers. Oelkers a convaincu Nelson de d\u00e9placer son centre d'op\u00e9rations de Hambourg \u00e0 Munich et d'accepter un nouveau partenaire, Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt. Cela devrait travailler avec les services secrets autrichiens[95]<\/sup><\/a> et tenter de reprendre la station de Bad Aibling \u00e0 la NSA (American Military Intelligence)[96]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est une tentation imposante et extr\u00eamement symbolique : la station d'interception de Bad Aibling est n\u00e9e en 1936 comme a\u00e9roport militaire et centre radar de la Luftwaffe, et \u00e0 la fin de la guerre, l'arm\u00e9e am\u00e9ricaine l'a convertie en camp de transit pour les prisonniers de guerre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s et victimes des camps de concentration nationaux-socialistes. Un camp de concentration tr\u00e8s c\u00e9l\u00e8bre que les \u00e9crivains G\u00fcnther Grass et Joseph Ratzinger (le futur pape Beno\u00eet XVI)[97]<\/sup><\/a> ont travers\u00e9. De 1952 jusqu'\u00e0 la fermeture, demand\u00e9e par l'Union europ\u00e9enne en 2001 et r\u00e9alis\u00e9e en 2004 (officiellement, puisque l'installation \u00e9tait toujours en activit\u00e9 en 2013[98]<\/sup><\/a>), la NSA de Bad Aibling a assembl\u00e9 ses syst\u00e8mes Echelon[99]<\/sup><\/a> pour intercepter les communications t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques du plan\u00e8te enti\u00e8re[100]<\/sup><\/a>. La prise de contr\u00f4le de la station NSA aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 la cons\u00e9cration de Nelson et de ses employ\u00e9s \u00e0 une entreprise d'importance mondiale et au pouvoir presque illimit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les n\u00e9gociations n'\u00e9taient pas termin\u00e9es lorsque FinFisher a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 vendre son FinSpy \u00e0 la Turquie et le monde entier a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 voir le danger. Apr\u00e8s les recherches \u00e0 Munich, en Suisse et en Roumanie, Nelson a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 liquider toutes les entreprises le plus rapidement possible: certaines d'entre elles (Computplus Ltd., G2 Systems Ltd., Gamma 2000 Ltd., Gamma 2000 Waste Management Ltd., Gamma International (UK) Ltd.) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 liquid\u00e9s d\u00e9but f\u00e9vrier 2021 au moment de la r\u00e9daction de cet article[101]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'y a pas de retour en arri\u00e8re<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

14 avril 2007 : Plus d'un million de citoyens pacifiques protestent contre l'abolition de la libert\u00e9 et contre un r\u00e9gime qui a transform\u00e9 leur patrie en un enfer d'oppression, de violence et de mis\u00e8re. Une sc\u00e8ne d'humanit\u00e9 passionnante qui pourrait difficilement \u00eatre r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9e<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, cela ne change pas la substance des choses. Aujourd'hui, f\u00e9vrier 2021, le gouvernement et ses agences de renseignement dans au moins 40 pays \u00e0 travers le monde, dont la grande majorit\u00e9 est dirig\u00e9e par une dictature, ont entre les mains des logiciels qui vont non seulement au-del\u00e0 des sc\u00e9narios apocalyptiques d\u00e9crits par George Orwell, mais aussi du \"Br\u00e9sil<\/em>\" de Terry Gilliam : D\u00e9sormais, un r\u00e9gime n'a plus besoin de d\u00e9couvrir que quelqu'un pr\u00e9pare un complot pour les isoler, les torturer, les condamner et les exterminer. L'\u00c9tat peut cr\u00e9er des preuves d'un simple clic d'ordinateur, en utilisant un logiciel qui en un milli\u00e8me de seconde condamnera chacun de nous et impliquera chacun de nos proches dans notre destruction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 o\u00f9 l'ali\u00e9nation de l'individu du contexte commun a d\u00e9j\u00e0 atteint des proportions inqui\u00e9tantes, les logiciels d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s et vendus par une petite poign\u00e9e de criminels totalement inconnus du public ont permis \u00e0 l'humanit\u00e9 de s'engager sur un chemin de non-retour : celui o\u00f9 il n'y a plus rien de vrai et de v\u00e9rifiable dans lequel chacun de nous doit douter de qui est autour de nous, et m\u00eame (et plus encore) nous-m\u00eames.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La faiblesse et la superficialit\u00e9 avec lesquelles les gouvernements occidentaux (en particulier les \u00c9tats-Unis, l'Allemagne et le Royaume-Uni) ont permis \u00e0 ce logiciel d'\u00eatre distribu\u00e9 \u00e0 travers la plan\u00e8te pour des calculs purement \u00e9go\u00efstes sont impardonnables et le signe que 75 ans apr\u00e8s la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale , 30 ans apr\u00e8s la fin de la guerre froide, et la peur d'un conflit nucl\u00e9aire lorsque la nature se rebelle contre la mani\u00e8re insens\u00e9e dont nous la d\u00e9truisons, les gens ont franchi la limite ultime \u2013 ceux dans lesquels l'ennemi qui tue ne vient pas de l'ext\u00e9rieur, mais de l'int\u00e9rieur \u2013 et est inexorable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


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[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/65-in-yuzbinleri-6335051<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/6554851.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/laik-turkiye-icin-caglayan-a-6426626<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/3-miting-3-mesaj-6462629<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/izmir-rekor-bekliyor-6495436<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/turkey-used-german-spy-software-on-opposition-politicians-and-activists\/a-43787769<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/en\/content\/turkish-spy-networks-control-opponents<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-39416954<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.birgun.net\/haber\/iddia-pelikancilar-hakan-fidan-gitsin-diyor-283382<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trthaber.com\/haber\/gundem\/iletisim-baskanligi-berat-albayrakin-gorevden-af-talebi-kabul-edilmistir-529559.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/europe\/russia-accuses-president-erdogan-s-son-law-being-linked-isis-oil-trade-a6761436.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2016\/09\/turkey-redhackers-daunt-the-erdogan-family.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepressproject.gr\/exclusive-wikileaks-documents-relations-erdogan-isis-oil-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.duvarenglish.com\/sport\/2020\/02\/10\/politics-in-stadiums-fenerbahce-fans-urge-minister-albayrak-to-keep-hands-off-football<\/a> ; https:\/\/odatv4.com\/fenerbahceliler-damata-karsi-ayaga-kalkti-02022031.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Intelligence Online, \u201cHakan Fidan close to ministerial promotion<\/em>\u201d, see in 2020.11.18 Hakan Fidan Minister<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-launches-project-to-train-1-million-software-developers-154081<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> 2017.04.13 T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mill%C3%AE_%C4%B0stihbarat_Te%C5%9Fkil%C3%A2t%C4%B1#Leitung<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> Hakan Fidan on Nexis, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/t24.com.tr\/haber\/adanada-3-tir-durduruldu-arama-yapiliyor,248707<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> 1000 colpi di mortaio, 1000 colpi di artiglieria, 50\u2019000 fucili d'assalto e 30\u2019000 munizioni per mitragliatrice \u2013 see in https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529223636\/http:\/\/www.aktifhaber.com\/devlet-sirri-denilen-mit-tirlari-ile-ilgili-tapeler-1053377h.htm#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.haber7.com\/guncel\/haber\/1121773-mit-tirlari-neden-durduruldu ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aljazeera.com.tr\/haber\/mit-tirlari-boyle-durduruldu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/bianet.org\/bianet\/insan-haklari\/155519-tir-lari-durdurmakla-suclanan-13-askere-muebbet-istendi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milliyet.com.tr\/gundem\/mit-tirlari-olayinda-yeni-gelisme-5-savci-gorevden-uzaklastirildi-1999064<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/erdogandan-canli-yayinda-can-dundara-tehdit-288885<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.faz.net\/aktuell\/politik\/ausland\/europa\/tuerkei\/tuerkei-kampf-gegen-die-soldaten-des-lichts-12715816.html?printPagedArticle=true#pageIndex_3<\/a> ; https:\/\/taz.de\/Wie-Guelen-zum-Staatsfeind-Nr-1-wurde\/!5323191\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2021\/02\/03\/son-dakika-istihbarattaki-fetocu-generalden-bomba-itiraflar-tegmen-rutbemi-fetullah-gulen-takti<\/a> ; https:\/\/tr.sputniknews.com\/turkiye\/202001211041211454-sozcu-ilker-basbugu-cezaevine-attiran-feto-mektubunu-acikliyoruz\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.genios.de\/presse-archiv\/artikel\/FAZ\/20171111\/jagd-auf-die-guelenisten\/FR1201711115279571.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nadir.org\/nadir\/initiativ\/isku\/hintergrund\/geheimdienste\/geheim994.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/tuerkischer-geheimdienst-liess-erdogan-gegner-in-deutschland-ausspionieren\/12027820.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article157778863\/Erdogans-Agenten-bedrohen-Tuerken-in-Deutschland.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html ;  https:\/\/www.derstandard.at\/story\/1397522175727\/geheimdienst-staat-tuerkei<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2020\/09\/turkey-austria-spy-nehammer-kurdish-clashes-protests-vienna.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/austria-turkey-espionage-int-idUSKBN25S4R5<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/10\/13\/world\/europe\/turkey-austria-erdogan-assassin.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/global-europe\/news\/flemish-minister-turkish-sponosred-mosque-is-nest-of-spies\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/07\/06\/influenced-by-gulenists-belgium-targets-turkish-mosques-fighting-extremism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/erdogan-critics-listed-by-turkish-embassy-in-prague-were-included-in-bogus-terrorism-probe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turk-greek-ties-strained-by-arson-row-10324<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-greece-germany-spying\/greek-police-arrest-german-on-suspicion-of-spying-idUSBRE97208820130803<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kathimerini.gr\/society\/896001\/istories-me-kataskopoys-sto-aigaio\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.larissanet.gr\/2019\/06\/21\/dikazetai-sti-rodo-kataskopos-tis-tourkias\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/ahvalnews.com\/mit\/turkish-intelligence-recruits-eu-retirees-spy-greece<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/04\/turkish-intelligence-operations-targeting-critics-in-greece-exposed-in-secret-documents\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/intelnews.org\/2016\/12\/09\/01-2023\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/more-secret-documents-confirming-vast-turkish-espionage-activities-in-greece-uncovered\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.skai.gr\/news\/greece\/dyo-syllipseis-ellinon-gia-kataskopeia-sti-rodo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-kosovo-security-turkey-idUSKBN1H70CC<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/opinion\/murat-yetkin\/turkish-intelligence-unveils-secret-codes-used-before-coup-attempt-103843<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2018\/09\/turkish-teachers-detained-moldova-gulen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/balkaninsight.com\/2018\/09\/06\/six-turkish-professors-detained-by-moldovan-secret-services-09-06-2018\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/turkeypurge.com\/turkey-spying-imams-active-also-in-norway<\/a> ; https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/turkeys-autocratic-president-erdogans-spying-profiling-expands-in-norway\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/kafila.org\/www-matthewaid-com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/report-sweden-launches-espionage-probe-into-turkish-govt-representatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/politics\/undiplomatic_swiss-eye-alleged-turkish-kidnapping-attempt\/43973170 ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/swiss-foreign-minister-warns-turkey-against-illegal-spying-111199 ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/eu-affairs\/2017\/05\/01\/as-anti-turkish-politics-grip-europe-turkish-swiss-policeman-arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-brings-key-feto-suspect-from-ukraine-to-turkey-134608<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.meforum.org\/60976\/turkish-spy-agency-mit-intelligence-gathering-australia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-court\/egypt-detains-29-people-on-suspicion-of-espionage-for-turkey-idUSKBN1DM1AN<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/33764\/In-Pictures-Egypt-foils-Turkish-espionage-attempt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-agency-brings-three-feto-members-from-gabon-to-turkey-130050<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/turkey\/turkish-intelligence-agency-rescues-a-kidnapped-italian-citizen-in-kenya-36192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20190807-libyan-national-army-turkish-intelligence-is-operating-in-tripoli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/11\/27\/senior-feto-figure-captured-by-turkish-intelligence-in-sudan\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Au cours de ces ann\u00e9es, Louthean Nelson a \u00e9galement tent\u00e9 de faciliter une collaboration avec l'\u00e9quipe de piratage de David Vincenzetti : avec l'un des meilleurs hackers du groupe milanais, Alberto Pelliccione, Nelson a essay\u00e9 apr\u00e8s un certain temps de trouver un syst\u00e8me pour pirater les appareils Nokia \u2013 mais Pelliccione change d\u2019avis quand il d\u00e9couvre que Nelson a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 livrer des armes aux pays touch\u00e9s par les sanctions internationales par l'interm\u00e9diaire d'une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qui a maintenant \u00e9t\u00e9 liquid\u00e9e, Cyan Engineering Services SAL Beirut[93]<\/sup><\/a>. Quelque chose avec lequel Pelliccione ne veut rien avoir \u00e0 voir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'entreprise suivante est peut-\u00eatre encore plus \u00e9tonnante : Nelson fonde Elaman et d\u00e9localise certaines activit\u00e9s en Suisse[94]<\/sup><\/a> parce qu'il fait de nouveau affaire avec l'ancien partenaire de son p\u00e8re, Stephan Oelkers. Oelkers a convaincu Nelson de d\u00e9placer son centre d'op\u00e9rations de Hambourg \u00e0 Munich et d'accepter un nouveau partenaire, Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt. Cela devrait travailler avec les services secrets autrichiens[95]<\/sup><\/a> et tenter de reprendre la station de Bad Aibling \u00e0 la NSA (American Military Intelligence)[96]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est une tentation imposante et extr\u00eamement symbolique : la station d'interception de Bad Aibling est n\u00e9e en 1936 comme a\u00e9roport militaire et centre radar de la Luftwaffe, et \u00e0 la fin de la guerre, l'arm\u00e9e am\u00e9ricaine l'a convertie en camp de transit pour les prisonniers de guerre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s et victimes des camps de concentration nationaux-socialistes. Un camp de concentration tr\u00e8s c\u00e9l\u00e8bre que les \u00e9crivains G\u00fcnther Grass et Joseph Ratzinger (le futur pape Beno\u00eet XVI)[97]<\/sup><\/a> ont travers\u00e9. De 1952 jusqu'\u00e0 la fermeture, demand\u00e9e par l'Union europ\u00e9enne en 2001 et r\u00e9alis\u00e9e en 2004 (officiellement, puisque l'installation \u00e9tait toujours en activit\u00e9 en 2013[98]<\/sup><\/a>), la NSA de Bad Aibling a assembl\u00e9 ses syst\u00e8mes Echelon[99]<\/sup><\/a> pour intercepter les communications t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques du plan\u00e8te enti\u00e8re[100]<\/sup><\/a>. La prise de contr\u00f4le de la station NSA aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 la cons\u00e9cration de Nelson et de ses employ\u00e9s \u00e0 une entreprise d'importance mondiale et au pouvoir presque illimit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les n\u00e9gociations n'\u00e9taient pas termin\u00e9es lorsque FinFisher a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 vendre son FinSpy \u00e0 la Turquie et le monde entier a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 voir le danger. Apr\u00e8s les recherches \u00e0 Munich, en Suisse et en Roumanie, Nelson a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 liquider toutes les entreprises le plus rapidement possible: certaines d'entre elles (Computplus Ltd., G2 Systems Ltd., Gamma 2000 Ltd., Gamma 2000 Waste Management Ltd., Gamma International (UK) Ltd.) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 liquid\u00e9s d\u00e9but f\u00e9vrier 2021 au moment de la r\u00e9daction de cet article[101]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'y a pas de retour en arri\u00e8re<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

14 avril 2007 : Plus d'un million de citoyens pacifiques protestent contre l'abolition de la libert\u00e9 et contre un r\u00e9gime qui a transform\u00e9 leur patrie en un enfer d'oppression, de violence et de mis\u00e8re. Une sc\u00e8ne d'humanit\u00e9 passionnante qui pourrait difficilement \u00eatre r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9e<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, cela ne change pas la substance des choses. Aujourd'hui, f\u00e9vrier 2021, le gouvernement et ses agences de renseignement dans au moins 40 pays \u00e0 travers le monde, dont la grande majorit\u00e9 est dirig\u00e9e par une dictature, ont entre les mains des logiciels qui vont non seulement au-del\u00e0 des sc\u00e9narios apocalyptiques d\u00e9crits par George Orwell, mais aussi du \"Br\u00e9sil<\/em>\" de Terry Gilliam : D\u00e9sormais, un r\u00e9gime n'a plus besoin de d\u00e9couvrir que quelqu'un pr\u00e9pare un complot pour les isoler, les torturer, les condamner et les exterminer. L'\u00c9tat peut cr\u00e9er des preuves d'un simple clic d'ordinateur, en utilisant un logiciel qui en un milli\u00e8me de seconde condamnera chacun de nous et impliquera chacun de nos proches dans notre destruction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 o\u00f9 l'ali\u00e9nation de l'individu du contexte commun a d\u00e9j\u00e0 atteint des proportions inqui\u00e9tantes, les logiciels d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s et vendus par une petite poign\u00e9e de criminels totalement inconnus du public ont permis \u00e0 l'humanit\u00e9 de s'engager sur un chemin de non-retour : celui o\u00f9 il n'y a plus rien de vrai et de v\u00e9rifiable dans lequel chacun de nous doit douter de qui est autour de nous, et m\u00eame (et plus encore) nous-m\u00eames.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La faiblesse et la superficialit\u00e9 avec lesquelles les gouvernements occidentaux (en particulier les \u00c9tats-Unis, l'Allemagne et le Royaume-Uni) ont permis \u00e0 ce logiciel d'\u00eatre distribu\u00e9 \u00e0 travers la plan\u00e8te pour des calculs purement \u00e9go\u00efstes sont impardonnables et le signe que 75 ans apr\u00e8s la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale , 30 ans apr\u00e8s la fin de la guerre froide, et la peur d'un conflit nucl\u00e9aire lorsque la nature se rebelle contre la mani\u00e8re insens\u00e9e dont nous la d\u00e9truisons, les gens ont franchi la limite ultime \u2013 ceux dans lesquels l'ennemi qui tue ne vient pas de l'ext\u00e9rieur, mais de l'int\u00e9rieur \u2013 et est inexorable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/65-in-yuzbinleri-6335051<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/6554851.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/laik-turkiye-icin-caglayan-a-6426626<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/3-miting-3-mesaj-6462629<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/izmir-rekor-bekliyor-6495436<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/turkey-used-german-spy-software-on-opposition-politicians-and-activists\/a-43787769<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/en\/content\/turkish-spy-networks-control-opponents<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-39416954<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.birgun.net\/haber\/iddia-pelikancilar-hakan-fidan-gitsin-diyor-283382<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trthaber.com\/haber\/gundem\/iletisim-baskanligi-berat-albayrakin-gorevden-af-talebi-kabul-edilmistir-529559.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/europe\/russia-accuses-president-erdogan-s-son-law-being-linked-isis-oil-trade-a6761436.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2016\/09\/turkey-redhackers-daunt-the-erdogan-family.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepressproject.gr\/exclusive-wikileaks-documents-relations-erdogan-isis-oil-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.duvarenglish.com\/sport\/2020\/02\/10\/politics-in-stadiums-fenerbahce-fans-urge-minister-albayrak-to-keep-hands-off-football<\/a> ; https:\/\/odatv4.com\/fenerbahceliler-damata-karsi-ayaga-kalkti-02022031.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Intelligence Online, \u201cHakan Fidan close to ministerial promotion<\/em>\u201d, see in 2020.11.18 Hakan Fidan Minister<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-launches-project-to-train-1-million-software-developers-154081<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> 2017.04.13 T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mill%C3%AE_%C4%B0stihbarat_Te%C5%9Fkil%C3%A2t%C4%B1#Leitung<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> Hakan Fidan on Nexis, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/t24.com.tr\/haber\/adanada-3-tir-durduruldu-arama-yapiliyor,248707<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> 1000 colpi di mortaio, 1000 colpi di artiglieria, 50\u2019000 fucili d'assalto e 30\u2019000 munizioni per mitragliatrice \u2013 see in https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529223636\/http:\/\/www.aktifhaber.com\/devlet-sirri-denilen-mit-tirlari-ile-ilgili-tapeler-1053377h.htm#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.haber7.com\/guncel\/haber\/1121773-mit-tirlari-neden-durduruldu ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aljazeera.com.tr\/haber\/mit-tirlari-boyle-durduruldu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/bianet.org\/bianet\/insan-haklari\/155519-tir-lari-durdurmakla-suclanan-13-askere-muebbet-istendi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milliyet.com.tr\/gundem\/mit-tirlari-olayinda-yeni-gelisme-5-savci-gorevden-uzaklastirildi-1999064<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/erdogandan-canli-yayinda-can-dundara-tehdit-288885<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.faz.net\/aktuell\/politik\/ausland\/europa\/tuerkei\/tuerkei-kampf-gegen-die-soldaten-des-lichts-12715816.html?printPagedArticle=true#pageIndex_3<\/a> ; https:\/\/taz.de\/Wie-Guelen-zum-Staatsfeind-Nr-1-wurde\/!5323191\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2021\/02\/03\/son-dakika-istihbarattaki-fetocu-generalden-bomba-itiraflar-tegmen-rutbemi-fetullah-gulen-takti<\/a> ; https:\/\/tr.sputniknews.com\/turkiye\/202001211041211454-sozcu-ilker-basbugu-cezaevine-attiran-feto-mektubunu-acikliyoruz\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.genios.de\/presse-archiv\/artikel\/FAZ\/20171111\/jagd-auf-die-guelenisten\/FR1201711115279571.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nadir.org\/nadir\/initiativ\/isku\/hintergrund\/geheimdienste\/geheim994.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/tuerkischer-geheimdienst-liess-erdogan-gegner-in-deutschland-ausspionieren\/12027820.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article157778863\/Erdogans-Agenten-bedrohen-Tuerken-in-Deutschland.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html ;  https:\/\/www.derstandard.at\/story\/1397522175727\/geheimdienst-staat-tuerkei<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2020\/09\/turkey-austria-spy-nehammer-kurdish-clashes-protests-vienna.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/austria-turkey-espionage-int-idUSKBN25S4R5<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/10\/13\/world\/europe\/turkey-austria-erdogan-assassin.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/global-europe\/news\/flemish-minister-turkish-sponosred-mosque-is-nest-of-spies\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/07\/06\/influenced-by-gulenists-belgium-targets-turkish-mosques-fighting-extremism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/erdogan-critics-listed-by-turkish-embassy-in-prague-were-included-in-bogus-terrorism-probe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turk-greek-ties-strained-by-arson-row-10324<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-greece-germany-spying\/greek-police-arrest-german-on-suspicion-of-spying-idUSBRE97208820130803<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kathimerini.gr\/society\/896001\/istories-me-kataskopoys-sto-aigaio\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.larissanet.gr\/2019\/06\/21\/dikazetai-sti-rodo-kataskopos-tis-tourkias\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/ahvalnews.com\/mit\/turkish-intelligence-recruits-eu-retirees-spy-greece<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/04\/turkish-intelligence-operations-targeting-critics-in-greece-exposed-in-secret-documents\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/intelnews.org\/2016\/12\/09\/01-2023\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/more-secret-documents-confirming-vast-turkish-espionage-activities-in-greece-uncovered\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.skai.gr\/news\/greece\/dyo-syllipseis-ellinon-gia-kataskopeia-sti-rodo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-kosovo-security-turkey-idUSKBN1H70CC<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/opinion\/murat-yetkin\/turkish-intelligence-unveils-secret-codes-used-before-coup-attempt-103843<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2018\/09\/turkish-teachers-detained-moldova-gulen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/balkaninsight.com\/2018\/09\/06\/six-turkish-professors-detained-by-moldovan-secret-services-09-06-2018\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/turkeypurge.com\/turkey-spying-imams-active-also-in-norway<\/a> ; https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/turkeys-autocratic-president-erdogans-spying-profiling-expands-in-norway\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/kafila.org\/www-matthewaid-com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/report-sweden-launches-espionage-probe-into-turkish-govt-representatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/politics\/undiplomatic_swiss-eye-alleged-turkish-kidnapping-attempt\/43973170 ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/swiss-foreign-minister-warns-turkey-against-illegal-spying-111199 ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/eu-affairs\/2017\/05\/01\/as-anti-turkish-politics-grip-europe-turkish-swiss-policeman-arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-brings-key-feto-suspect-from-ukraine-to-turkey-134608<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.meforum.org\/60976\/turkish-spy-agency-mit-intelligence-gathering-australia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-court\/egypt-detains-29-people-on-suspicion-of-espionage-for-turkey-idUSKBN1DM1AN<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/33764\/In-Pictures-Egypt-foils-Turkish-espionage-attempt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-agency-brings-three-feto-members-from-gabon-to-turkey-130050<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/turkey\/turkish-intelligence-agency-rescues-a-kidnapped-italian-citizen-in-kenya-36192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20190807-libyan-national-army-turkish-intelligence-is-operating-in-tripoli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/11\/27\/senior-feto-figure-captured-by-turkish-intelligence-in-sudan\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Une nouvelle \u00e8re commence dans laquelle les anciennes \u00e9coutes t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques seront bient\u00f4t surmont\u00e9es et oubli\u00e9es. Le jeune Louthean commence \u00e0 travailler avec Niels J\u00f8rgen Tobiasen et ses deux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s : The CBRN Team Ltd. Londres[88]<\/sup><\/a> et The Phoenix Hazard Training Ltd. Darlington[89]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est une op\u00e9ration industrielle qui est n\u00e9e d'un contrat de fourniture d'armes chimiques, biologiques, radiologiques et nucl\u00e9aires \u00e0 l'Ouganda[90]<\/sup><\/a> qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9goci\u00e9 avec un membre du gouvernement, Ananias Tumukunde, qui avait accept\u00e9 un pot-de-vin de 40000 \u00a3[91]<\/sup><\/a>. Une op\u00e9ration qui s'est termin\u00e9e par l'arrestation de Tumukunde \u00e0 Kampala et de Tobiasen \u00e0 Londres en juillet 2007[92]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au cours de ces ann\u00e9es, Louthean Nelson a \u00e9galement tent\u00e9 de faciliter une collaboration avec l'\u00e9quipe de piratage de David Vincenzetti : avec l'un des meilleurs hackers du groupe milanais, Alberto Pelliccione, Nelson a essay\u00e9 apr\u00e8s un certain temps de trouver un syst\u00e8me pour pirater les appareils Nokia \u2013 mais Pelliccione change d\u2019avis quand il d\u00e9couvre que Nelson a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 livrer des armes aux pays touch\u00e9s par les sanctions internationales par l'interm\u00e9diaire d'une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qui a maintenant \u00e9t\u00e9 liquid\u00e9e, Cyan Engineering Services SAL Beirut[93]<\/sup><\/a>. Quelque chose avec lequel Pelliccione ne veut rien avoir \u00e0 voir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'entreprise suivante est peut-\u00eatre encore plus \u00e9tonnante : Nelson fonde Elaman et d\u00e9localise certaines activit\u00e9s en Suisse[94]<\/sup><\/a> parce qu'il fait de nouveau affaire avec l'ancien partenaire de son p\u00e8re, Stephan Oelkers. Oelkers a convaincu Nelson de d\u00e9placer son centre d'op\u00e9rations de Hambourg \u00e0 Munich et d'accepter un nouveau partenaire, Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt. Cela devrait travailler avec les services secrets autrichiens[95]<\/sup><\/a> et tenter de reprendre la station de Bad Aibling \u00e0 la NSA (American Military Intelligence)[96]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est une tentation imposante et extr\u00eamement symbolique : la station d'interception de Bad Aibling est n\u00e9e en 1936 comme a\u00e9roport militaire et centre radar de la Luftwaffe, et \u00e0 la fin de la guerre, l'arm\u00e9e am\u00e9ricaine l'a convertie en camp de transit pour les prisonniers de guerre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s et victimes des camps de concentration nationaux-socialistes. Un camp de concentration tr\u00e8s c\u00e9l\u00e8bre que les \u00e9crivains G\u00fcnther Grass et Joseph Ratzinger (le futur pape Beno\u00eet XVI)[97]<\/sup><\/a> ont travers\u00e9. De 1952 jusqu'\u00e0 la fermeture, demand\u00e9e par l'Union europ\u00e9enne en 2001 et r\u00e9alis\u00e9e en 2004 (officiellement, puisque l'installation \u00e9tait toujours en activit\u00e9 en 2013[98]<\/sup><\/a>), la NSA de Bad Aibling a assembl\u00e9 ses syst\u00e8mes Echelon[99]<\/sup><\/a> pour intercepter les communications t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques du plan\u00e8te enti\u00e8re[100]<\/sup><\/a>. La prise de contr\u00f4le de la station NSA aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 la cons\u00e9cration de Nelson et de ses employ\u00e9s \u00e0 une entreprise d'importance mondiale et au pouvoir presque illimit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les n\u00e9gociations n'\u00e9taient pas termin\u00e9es lorsque FinFisher a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 vendre son FinSpy \u00e0 la Turquie et le monde entier a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 voir le danger. Apr\u00e8s les recherches \u00e0 Munich, en Suisse et en Roumanie, Nelson a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 liquider toutes les entreprises le plus rapidement possible: certaines d'entre elles (Computplus Ltd., G2 Systems Ltd., Gamma 2000 Ltd., Gamma 2000 Waste Management Ltd., Gamma International (UK) Ltd.) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 liquid\u00e9s d\u00e9but f\u00e9vrier 2021 au moment de la r\u00e9daction de cet article[101]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'y a pas de retour en arri\u00e8re<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

14 avril 2007 : Plus d'un million de citoyens pacifiques protestent contre l'abolition de la libert\u00e9 et contre un r\u00e9gime qui a transform\u00e9 leur patrie en un enfer d'oppression, de violence et de mis\u00e8re. Une sc\u00e8ne d'humanit\u00e9 passionnante qui pourrait difficilement \u00eatre r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9e<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, cela ne change pas la substance des choses. Aujourd'hui, f\u00e9vrier 2021, le gouvernement et ses agences de renseignement dans au moins 40 pays \u00e0 travers le monde, dont la grande majorit\u00e9 est dirig\u00e9e par une dictature, ont entre les mains des logiciels qui vont non seulement au-del\u00e0 des sc\u00e9narios apocalyptiques d\u00e9crits par George Orwell, mais aussi du \"Br\u00e9sil<\/em>\" de Terry Gilliam : D\u00e9sormais, un r\u00e9gime n'a plus besoin de d\u00e9couvrir que quelqu'un pr\u00e9pare un complot pour les isoler, les torturer, les condamner et les exterminer. L'\u00c9tat peut cr\u00e9er des preuves d'un simple clic d'ordinateur, en utilisant un logiciel qui en un milli\u00e8me de seconde condamnera chacun de nous et impliquera chacun de nos proches dans notre destruction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 o\u00f9 l'ali\u00e9nation de l'individu du contexte commun a d\u00e9j\u00e0 atteint des proportions inqui\u00e9tantes, les logiciels d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s et vendus par une petite poign\u00e9e de criminels totalement inconnus du public ont permis \u00e0 l'humanit\u00e9 de s'engager sur un chemin de non-retour : celui o\u00f9 il n'y a plus rien de vrai et de v\u00e9rifiable dans lequel chacun de nous doit douter de qui est autour de nous, et m\u00eame (et plus encore) nous-m\u00eames.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La faiblesse et la superficialit\u00e9 avec lesquelles les gouvernements occidentaux (en particulier les \u00c9tats-Unis, l'Allemagne et le Royaume-Uni) ont permis \u00e0 ce logiciel d'\u00eatre distribu\u00e9 \u00e0 travers la plan\u00e8te pour des calculs purement \u00e9go\u00efstes sont impardonnables et le signe que 75 ans apr\u00e8s la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale , 30 ans apr\u00e8s la fin de la guerre froide, et la peur d'un conflit nucl\u00e9aire lorsque la nature se rebelle contre la mani\u00e8re insens\u00e9e dont nous la d\u00e9truisons, les gens ont franchi la limite ultime \u2013 ceux dans lesquels l'ennemi qui tue ne vient pas de l'ext\u00e9rieur, mais de l'int\u00e9rieur \u2013 et est inexorable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/65-in-yuzbinleri-6335051<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/6554851.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/laik-turkiye-icin-caglayan-a-6426626<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/3-miting-3-mesaj-6462629<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/izmir-rekor-bekliyor-6495436<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/turkey-used-german-spy-software-on-opposition-politicians-and-activists\/a-43787769<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/en\/content\/turkish-spy-networks-control-opponents<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-39416954<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.birgun.net\/haber\/iddia-pelikancilar-hakan-fidan-gitsin-diyor-283382<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trthaber.com\/haber\/gundem\/iletisim-baskanligi-berat-albayrakin-gorevden-af-talebi-kabul-edilmistir-529559.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/europe\/russia-accuses-president-erdogan-s-son-law-being-linked-isis-oil-trade-a6761436.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2016\/09\/turkey-redhackers-daunt-the-erdogan-family.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepressproject.gr\/exclusive-wikileaks-documents-relations-erdogan-isis-oil-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.duvarenglish.com\/sport\/2020\/02\/10\/politics-in-stadiums-fenerbahce-fans-urge-minister-albayrak-to-keep-hands-off-football<\/a> ; https:\/\/odatv4.com\/fenerbahceliler-damata-karsi-ayaga-kalkti-02022031.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Intelligence Online, \u201cHakan Fidan close to ministerial promotion<\/em>\u201d, see in 2020.11.18 Hakan Fidan Minister<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-launches-project-to-train-1-million-software-developers-154081<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> 2017.04.13 T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mill%C3%AE_%C4%B0stihbarat_Te%C5%9Fkil%C3%A2t%C4%B1#Leitung<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> Hakan Fidan on Nexis, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/t24.com.tr\/haber\/adanada-3-tir-durduruldu-arama-yapiliyor,248707<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> 1000 colpi di mortaio, 1000 colpi di artiglieria, 50\u2019000 fucili d'assalto e 30\u2019000 munizioni per mitragliatrice \u2013 see in https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529223636\/http:\/\/www.aktifhaber.com\/devlet-sirri-denilen-mit-tirlari-ile-ilgili-tapeler-1053377h.htm#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.haber7.com\/guncel\/haber\/1121773-mit-tirlari-neden-durduruldu ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aljazeera.com.tr\/haber\/mit-tirlari-boyle-durduruldu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/bianet.org\/bianet\/insan-haklari\/155519-tir-lari-durdurmakla-suclanan-13-askere-muebbet-istendi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milliyet.com.tr\/gundem\/mit-tirlari-olayinda-yeni-gelisme-5-savci-gorevden-uzaklastirildi-1999064<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/erdogandan-canli-yayinda-can-dundara-tehdit-288885<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.faz.net\/aktuell\/politik\/ausland\/europa\/tuerkei\/tuerkei-kampf-gegen-die-soldaten-des-lichts-12715816.html?printPagedArticle=true#pageIndex_3<\/a> ; https:\/\/taz.de\/Wie-Guelen-zum-Staatsfeind-Nr-1-wurde\/!5323191\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2021\/02\/03\/son-dakika-istihbarattaki-fetocu-generalden-bomba-itiraflar-tegmen-rutbemi-fetullah-gulen-takti<\/a> ; https:\/\/tr.sputniknews.com\/turkiye\/202001211041211454-sozcu-ilker-basbugu-cezaevine-attiran-feto-mektubunu-acikliyoruz\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.genios.de\/presse-archiv\/artikel\/FAZ\/20171111\/jagd-auf-die-guelenisten\/FR1201711115279571.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nadir.org\/nadir\/initiativ\/isku\/hintergrund\/geheimdienste\/geheim994.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/tuerkischer-geheimdienst-liess-erdogan-gegner-in-deutschland-ausspionieren\/12027820.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article157778863\/Erdogans-Agenten-bedrohen-Tuerken-in-Deutschland.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html ;  https:\/\/www.derstandard.at\/story\/1397522175727\/geheimdienst-staat-tuerkei<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2020\/09\/turkey-austria-spy-nehammer-kurdish-clashes-protests-vienna.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/austria-turkey-espionage-int-idUSKBN25S4R5<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/10\/13\/world\/europe\/turkey-austria-erdogan-assassin.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/global-europe\/news\/flemish-minister-turkish-sponosred-mosque-is-nest-of-spies\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/07\/06\/influenced-by-gulenists-belgium-targets-turkish-mosques-fighting-extremism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/erdogan-critics-listed-by-turkish-embassy-in-prague-were-included-in-bogus-terrorism-probe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turk-greek-ties-strained-by-arson-row-10324<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-greece-germany-spying\/greek-police-arrest-german-on-suspicion-of-spying-idUSBRE97208820130803<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kathimerini.gr\/society\/896001\/istories-me-kataskopoys-sto-aigaio\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.larissanet.gr\/2019\/06\/21\/dikazetai-sti-rodo-kataskopos-tis-tourkias\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/ahvalnews.com\/mit\/turkish-intelligence-recruits-eu-retirees-spy-greece<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/04\/turkish-intelligence-operations-targeting-critics-in-greece-exposed-in-secret-documents\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/intelnews.org\/2016\/12\/09\/01-2023\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/more-secret-documents-confirming-vast-turkish-espionage-activities-in-greece-uncovered\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.skai.gr\/news\/greece\/dyo-syllipseis-ellinon-gia-kataskopeia-sti-rodo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-kosovo-security-turkey-idUSKBN1H70CC<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/opinion\/murat-yetkin\/turkish-intelligence-unveils-secret-codes-used-before-coup-attempt-103843<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2018\/09\/turkish-teachers-detained-moldova-gulen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/balkaninsight.com\/2018\/09\/06\/six-turkish-professors-detained-by-moldovan-secret-services-09-06-2018\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/turkeypurge.com\/turkey-spying-imams-active-also-in-norway<\/a> ; https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/turkeys-autocratic-president-erdogans-spying-profiling-expands-in-norway\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/kafila.org\/www-matthewaid-com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/report-sweden-launches-espionage-probe-into-turkish-govt-representatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/politics\/undiplomatic_swiss-eye-alleged-turkish-kidnapping-attempt\/43973170 ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/swiss-foreign-minister-warns-turkey-against-illegal-spying-111199 ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/eu-affairs\/2017\/05\/01\/as-anti-turkish-politics-grip-europe-turkish-swiss-policeman-arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-brings-key-feto-suspect-from-ukraine-to-turkey-134608<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.meforum.org\/60976\/turkish-spy-agency-mit-intelligence-gathering-australia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-court\/egypt-detains-29-people-on-suspicion-of-espionage-for-turkey-idUSKBN1DM1AN<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/33764\/In-Pictures-Egypt-foils-Turkish-espionage-attempt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-agency-brings-three-feto-members-from-gabon-to-turkey-130050<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/turkey\/turkish-intelligence-agency-rescues-a-kidnapped-italian-citizen-in-kenya-36192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20190807-libyan-national-army-turkish-intelligence-is-operating-in-tripoli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/11\/27\/senior-feto-figure-captured-by-turkish-intelligence-in-sudan\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


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[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Le sch\u00e9ma des participations du Groupe Gamma International ainsi que des personnes et soci\u00e9t\u00e9s associ\u00e9es \u2013 \u00a9 IBI World Ltd. London<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une nouvelle \u00e8re commence dans laquelle les anciennes \u00e9coutes t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques seront bient\u00f4t surmont\u00e9es et oubli\u00e9es. Le jeune Louthean commence \u00e0 travailler avec Niels J\u00f8rgen Tobiasen et ses deux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s : The CBRN Team Ltd. Londres[88]<\/sup><\/a> et The Phoenix Hazard Training Ltd. Darlington[89]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est une op\u00e9ration industrielle qui est n\u00e9e d'un contrat de fourniture d'armes chimiques, biologiques, radiologiques et nucl\u00e9aires \u00e0 l'Ouganda[90]<\/sup><\/a> qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9goci\u00e9 avec un membre du gouvernement, Ananias Tumukunde, qui avait accept\u00e9 un pot-de-vin de 40000 \u00a3[91]<\/sup><\/a>. Une op\u00e9ration qui s'est termin\u00e9e par l'arrestation de Tumukunde \u00e0 Kampala et de Tobiasen \u00e0 Londres en juillet 2007[92]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au cours de ces ann\u00e9es, Louthean Nelson a \u00e9galement tent\u00e9 de faciliter une collaboration avec l'\u00e9quipe de piratage de David Vincenzetti : avec l'un des meilleurs hackers du groupe milanais, Alberto Pelliccione, Nelson a essay\u00e9 apr\u00e8s un certain temps de trouver un syst\u00e8me pour pirater les appareils Nokia \u2013 mais Pelliccione change d\u2019avis quand il d\u00e9couvre que Nelson a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 livrer des armes aux pays touch\u00e9s par les sanctions internationales par l'interm\u00e9diaire d'une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qui a maintenant \u00e9t\u00e9 liquid\u00e9e, Cyan Engineering Services SAL Beirut[93]<\/sup><\/a>. Quelque chose avec lequel Pelliccione ne veut rien avoir \u00e0 voir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'entreprise suivante est peut-\u00eatre encore plus \u00e9tonnante : Nelson fonde Elaman et d\u00e9localise certaines activit\u00e9s en Suisse[94]<\/sup><\/a> parce qu'il fait de nouveau affaire avec l'ancien partenaire de son p\u00e8re, Stephan Oelkers. Oelkers a convaincu Nelson de d\u00e9placer son centre d'op\u00e9rations de Hambourg \u00e0 Munich et d'accepter un nouveau partenaire, Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt. Cela devrait travailler avec les services secrets autrichiens[95]<\/sup><\/a> et tenter de reprendre la station de Bad Aibling \u00e0 la NSA (American Military Intelligence)[96]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est une tentation imposante et extr\u00eamement symbolique : la station d'interception de Bad Aibling est n\u00e9e en 1936 comme a\u00e9roport militaire et centre radar de la Luftwaffe, et \u00e0 la fin de la guerre, l'arm\u00e9e am\u00e9ricaine l'a convertie en camp de transit pour les prisonniers de guerre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s et victimes des camps de concentration nationaux-socialistes. Un camp de concentration tr\u00e8s c\u00e9l\u00e8bre que les \u00e9crivains G\u00fcnther Grass et Joseph Ratzinger (le futur pape Beno\u00eet XVI)[97]<\/sup><\/a> ont travers\u00e9. De 1952 jusqu'\u00e0 la fermeture, demand\u00e9e par l'Union europ\u00e9enne en 2001 et r\u00e9alis\u00e9e en 2004 (officiellement, puisque l'installation \u00e9tait toujours en activit\u00e9 en 2013[98]<\/sup><\/a>), la NSA de Bad Aibling a assembl\u00e9 ses syst\u00e8mes Echelon[99]<\/sup><\/a> pour intercepter les communications t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques du plan\u00e8te enti\u00e8re[100]<\/sup><\/a>. La prise de contr\u00f4le de la station NSA aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 la cons\u00e9cration de Nelson et de ses employ\u00e9s \u00e0 une entreprise d'importance mondiale et au pouvoir presque illimit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les n\u00e9gociations n'\u00e9taient pas termin\u00e9es lorsque FinFisher a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 vendre son FinSpy \u00e0 la Turquie et le monde entier a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 voir le danger. Apr\u00e8s les recherches \u00e0 Munich, en Suisse et en Roumanie, Nelson a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 liquider toutes les entreprises le plus rapidement possible: certaines d'entre elles (Computplus Ltd., G2 Systems Ltd., Gamma 2000 Ltd., Gamma 2000 Waste Management Ltd., Gamma International (UK) Ltd.) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 liquid\u00e9s d\u00e9but f\u00e9vrier 2021 au moment de la r\u00e9daction de cet article[101]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'y a pas de retour en arri\u00e8re<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

14 avril 2007 : Plus d'un million de citoyens pacifiques protestent contre l'abolition de la libert\u00e9 et contre un r\u00e9gime qui a transform\u00e9 leur patrie en un enfer d'oppression, de violence et de mis\u00e8re. Une sc\u00e8ne d'humanit\u00e9 passionnante qui pourrait difficilement \u00eatre r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9e<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, cela ne change pas la substance des choses. Aujourd'hui, f\u00e9vrier 2021, le gouvernement et ses agences de renseignement dans au moins 40 pays \u00e0 travers le monde, dont la grande majorit\u00e9 est dirig\u00e9e par une dictature, ont entre les mains des logiciels qui vont non seulement au-del\u00e0 des sc\u00e9narios apocalyptiques d\u00e9crits par George Orwell, mais aussi du \"Br\u00e9sil<\/em>\" de Terry Gilliam : D\u00e9sormais, un r\u00e9gime n'a plus besoin de d\u00e9couvrir que quelqu'un pr\u00e9pare un complot pour les isoler, les torturer, les condamner et les exterminer. L'\u00c9tat peut cr\u00e9er des preuves d'un simple clic d'ordinateur, en utilisant un logiciel qui en un milli\u00e8me de seconde condamnera chacun de nous et impliquera chacun de nos proches dans notre destruction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 o\u00f9 l'ali\u00e9nation de l'individu du contexte commun a d\u00e9j\u00e0 atteint des proportions inqui\u00e9tantes, les logiciels d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s et vendus par une petite poign\u00e9e de criminels totalement inconnus du public ont permis \u00e0 l'humanit\u00e9 de s'engager sur un chemin de non-retour : celui o\u00f9 il n'y a plus rien de vrai et de v\u00e9rifiable dans lequel chacun de nous doit douter de qui est autour de nous, et m\u00eame (et plus encore) nous-m\u00eames.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La faiblesse et la superficialit\u00e9 avec lesquelles les gouvernements occidentaux (en particulier les \u00c9tats-Unis, l'Allemagne et le Royaume-Uni) ont permis \u00e0 ce logiciel d'\u00eatre distribu\u00e9 \u00e0 travers la plan\u00e8te pour des calculs purement \u00e9go\u00efstes sont impardonnables et le signe que 75 ans apr\u00e8s la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale , 30 ans apr\u00e8s la fin de la guerre froide, et la peur d'un conflit nucl\u00e9aire lorsque la nature se rebelle contre la mani\u00e8re insens\u00e9e dont nous la d\u00e9truisons, les gens ont franchi la limite ultime \u2013 ceux dans lesquels l'ennemi qui tue ne vient pas de l'ext\u00e9rieur, mais de l'int\u00e9rieur \u2013 et est inexorable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/65-in-yuzbinleri-6335051<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/6554851.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/laik-turkiye-icin-caglayan-a-6426626<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/3-miting-3-mesaj-6462629<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/izmir-rekor-bekliyor-6495436<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/turkey-used-german-spy-software-on-opposition-politicians-and-activists\/a-43787769<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/en\/content\/turkish-spy-networks-control-opponents<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-39416954<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.birgun.net\/haber\/iddia-pelikancilar-hakan-fidan-gitsin-diyor-283382<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trthaber.com\/haber\/gundem\/iletisim-baskanligi-berat-albayrakin-gorevden-af-talebi-kabul-edilmistir-529559.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/europe\/russia-accuses-president-erdogan-s-son-law-being-linked-isis-oil-trade-a6761436.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2016\/09\/turkey-redhackers-daunt-the-erdogan-family.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepressproject.gr\/exclusive-wikileaks-documents-relations-erdogan-isis-oil-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.duvarenglish.com\/sport\/2020\/02\/10\/politics-in-stadiums-fenerbahce-fans-urge-minister-albayrak-to-keep-hands-off-football<\/a> ; https:\/\/odatv4.com\/fenerbahceliler-damata-karsi-ayaga-kalkti-02022031.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Intelligence Online, \u201cHakan Fidan close to ministerial promotion<\/em>\u201d, see in 2020.11.18 Hakan Fidan Minister<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-launches-project-to-train-1-million-software-developers-154081<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> 2017.04.13 T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mill%C3%AE_%C4%B0stihbarat_Te%C5%9Fkil%C3%A2t%C4%B1#Leitung<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> Hakan Fidan on Nexis, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/t24.com.tr\/haber\/adanada-3-tir-durduruldu-arama-yapiliyor,248707<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> 1000 colpi di mortaio, 1000 colpi di artiglieria, 50\u2019000 fucili d'assalto e 30\u2019000 munizioni per mitragliatrice \u2013 see in https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529223636\/http:\/\/www.aktifhaber.com\/devlet-sirri-denilen-mit-tirlari-ile-ilgili-tapeler-1053377h.htm#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.haber7.com\/guncel\/haber\/1121773-mit-tirlari-neden-durduruldu ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aljazeera.com.tr\/haber\/mit-tirlari-boyle-durduruldu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/bianet.org\/bianet\/insan-haklari\/155519-tir-lari-durdurmakla-suclanan-13-askere-muebbet-istendi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milliyet.com.tr\/gundem\/mit-tirlari-olayinda-yeni-gelisme-5-savci-gorevden-uzaklastirildi-1999064<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/erdogandan-canli-yayinda-can-dundara-tehdit-288885<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.faz.net\/aktuell\/politik\/ausland\/europa\/tuerkei\/tuerkei-kampf-gegen-die-soldaten-des-lichts-12715816.html?printPagedArticle=true#pageIndex_3<\/a> ; https:\/\/taz.de\/Wie-Guelen-zum-Staatsfeind-Nr-1-wurde\/!5323191\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2021\/02\/03\/son-dakika-istihbarattaki-fetocu-generalden-bomba-itiraflar-tegmen-rutbemi-fetullah-gulen-takti<\/a> ; https:\/\/tr.sputniknews.com\/turkiye\/202001211041211454-sozcu-ilker-basbugu-cezaevine-attiran-feto-mektubunu-acikliyoruz\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.genios.de\/presse-archiv\/artikel\/FAZ\/20171111\/jagd-auf-die-guelenisten\/FR1201711115279571.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nadir.org\/nadir\/initiativ\/isku\/hintergrund\/geheimdienste\/geheim994.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/tuerkischer-geheimdienst-liess-erdogan-gegner-in-deutschland-ausspionieren\/12027820.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article157778863\/Erdogans-Agenten-bedrohen-Tuerken-in-Deutschland.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html ;  https:\/\/www.derstandard.at\/story\/1397522175727\/geheimdienst-staat-tuerkei<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2020\/09\/turkey-austria-spy-nehammer-kurdish-clashes-protests-vienna.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/austria-turkey-espionage-int-idUSKBN25S4R5<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/10\/13\/world\/europe\/turkey-austria-erdogan-assassin.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/global-europe\/news\/flemish-minister-turkish-sponosred-mosque-is-nest-of-spies\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/07\/06\/influenced-by-gulenists-belgium-targets-turkish-mosques-fighting-extremism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/erdogan-critics-listed-by-turkish-embassy-in-prague-were-included-in-bogus-terrorism-probe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turk-greek-ties-strained-by-arson-row-10324<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-greece-germany-spying\/greek-police-arrest-german-on-suspicion-of-spying-idUSBRE97208820130803<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kathimerini.gr\/society\/896001\/istories-me-kataskopoys-sto-aigaio\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.larissanet.gr\/2019\/06\/21\/dikazetai-sti-rodo-kataskopos-tis-tourkias\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/ahvalnews.com\/mit\/turkish-intelligence-recruits-eu-retirees-spy-greece<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/04\/turkish-intelligence-operations-targeting-critics-in-greece-exposed-in-secret-documents\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/intelnews.org\/2016\/12\/09\/01-2023\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/more-secret-documents-confirming-vast-turkish-espionage-activities-in-greece-uncovered\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.skai.gr\/news\/greece\/dyo-syllipseis-ellinon-gia-kataskopeia-sti-rodo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-kosovo-security-turkey-idUSKBN1H70CC<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/opinion\/murat-yetkin\/turkish-intelligence-unveils-secret-codes-used-before-coup-attempt-103843<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2018\/09\/turkish-teachers-detained-moldova-gulen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/balkaninsight.com\/2018\/09\/06\/six-turkish-professors-detained-by-moldovan-secret-services-09-06-2018\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/turkeypurge.com\/turkey-spying-imams-active-also-in-norway<\/a> ; https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/turkeys-autocratic-president-erdogans-spying-profiling-expands-in-norway\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/kafila.org\/www-matthewaid-com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/report-sweden-launches-espionage-probe-into-turkish-govt-representatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/politics\/undiplomatic_swiss-eye-alleged-turkish-kidnapping-attempt\/43973170 ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/swiss-foreign-minister-warns-turkey-against-illegal-spying-111199 ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/eu-affairs\/2017\/05\/01\/as-anti-turkish-politics-grip-europe-turkish-swiss-policeman-arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-brings-key-feto-suspect-from-ukraine-to-turkey-134608<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.meforum.org\/60976\/turkish-spy-agency-mit-intelligence-gathering-australia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-court\/egypt-detains-29-people-on-suspicion-of-espionage-for-turkey-idUSKBN1DM1AN<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/33764\/In-Pictures-Egypt-foils-Turkish-espionage-attempt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-agency-brings-three-feto-members-from-gabon-to-turkey-130050<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/turkey\/turkish-intelligence-agency-rescues-a-kidnapped-italian-citizen-in-kenya-36192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20190807-libyan-national-army-turkish-intelligence-is-operating-in-tripoli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/11\/27\/senior-feto-figure-captured-by-turkish-intelligence-in-sudan\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le sch\u00e9ma des participations du Groupe Gamma International ainsi que des personnes et soci\u00e9t\u00e9s associ\u00e9es \u2013 \u00a9 IBI World Ltd. London<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une nouvelle \u00e8re commence dans laquelle les anciennes \u00e9coutes t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques seront bient\u00f4t surmont\u00e9es et oubli\u00e9es. Le jeune Louthean commence \u00e0 travailler avec Niels J\u00f8rgen Tobiasen et ses deux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s : The CBRN Team Ltd. Londres[88]<\/sup><\/a> et The Phoenix Hazard Training Ltd. Darlington[89]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est une op\u00e9ration industrielle qui est n\u00e9e d'un contrat de fourniture d'armes chimiques, biologiques, radiologiques et nucl\u00e9aires \u00e0 l'Ouganda[90]<\/sup><\/a> qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9goci\u00e9 avec un membre du gouvernement, Ananias Tumukunde, qui avait accept\u00e9 un pot-de-vin de 40000 \u00a3[91]<\/sup><\/a>. Une op\u00e9ration qui s'est termin\u00e9e par l'arrestation de Tumukunde \u00e0 Kampala et de Tobiasen \u00e0 Londres en juillet 2007[92]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au cours de ces ann\u00e9es, Louthean Nelson a \u00e9galement tent\u00e9 de faciliter une collaboration avec l'\u00e9quipe de piratage de David Vincenzetti : avec l'un des meilleurs hackers du groupe milanais, Alberto Pelliccione, Nelson a essay\u00e9 apr\u00e8s un certain temps de trouver un syst\u00e8me pour pirater les appareils Nokia \u2013 mais Pelliccione change d\u2019avis quand il d\u00e9couvre que Nelson a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 livrer des armes aux pays touch\u00e9s par les sanctions internationales par l'interm\u00e9diaire d'une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qui a maintenant \u00e9t\u00e9 liquid\u00e9e, Cyan Engineering Services SAL Beirut[93]<\/sup><\/a>. Quelque chose avec lequel Pelliccione ne veut rien avoir \u00e0 voir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'entreprise suivante est peut-\u00eatre encore plus \u00e9tonnante : Nelson fonde Elaman et d\u00e9localise certaines activit\u00e9s en Suisse[94]<\/sup><\/a> parce qu'il fait de nouveau affaire avec l'ancien partenaire de son p\u00e8re, Stephan Oelkers. Oelkers a convaincu Nelson de d\u00e9placer son centre d'op\u00e9rations de Hambourg \u00e0 Munich et d'accepter un nouveau partenaire, Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt. Cela devrait travailler avec les services secrets autrichiens[95]<\/sup><\/a> et tenter de reprendre la station de Bad Aibling \u00e0 la NSA (American Military Intelligence)[96]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est une tentation imposante et extr\u00eamement symbolique : la station d'interception de Bad Aibling est n\u00e9e en 1936 comme a\u00e9roport militaire et centre radar de la Luftwaffe, et \u00e0 la fin de la guerre, l'arm\u00e9e am\u00e9ricaine l'a convertie en camp de transit pour les prisonniers de guerre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s et victimes des camps de concentration nationaux-socialistes. Un camp de concentration tr\u00e8s c\u00e9l\u00e8bre que les \u00e9crivains G\u00fcnther Grass et Joseph Ratzinger (le futur pape Beno\u00eet XVI)[97]<\/sup><\/a> ont travers\u00e9. De 1952 jusqu'\u00e0 la fermeture, demand\u00e9e par l'Union europ\u00e9enne en 2001 et r\u00e9alis\u00e9e en 2004 (officiellement, puisque l'installation \u00e9tait toujours en activit\u00e9 en 2013[98]<\/sup><\/a>), la NSA de Bad Aibling a assembl\u00e9 ses syst\u00e8mes Echelon[99]<\/sup><\/a> pour intercepter les communications t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques du plan\u00e8te enti\u00e8re[100]<\/sup><\/a>. La prise de contr\u00f4le de la station NSA aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 la cons\u00e9cration de Nelson et de ses employ\u00e9s \u00e0 une entreprise d'importance mondiale et au pouvoir presque illimit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les n\u00e9gociations n'\u00e9taient pas termin\u00e9es lorsque FinFisher a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 vendre son FinSpy \u00e0 la Turquie et le monde entier a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 voir le danger. Apr\u00e8s les recherches \u00e0 Munich, en Suisse et en Roumanie, Nelson a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 liquider toutes les entreprises le plus rapidement possible: certaines d'entre elles (Computplus Ltd., G2 Systems Ltd., Gamma 2000 Ltd., Gamma 2000 Waste Management Ltd., Gamma International (UK) Ltd.) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 liquid\u00e9s d\u00e9but f\u00e9vrier 2021 au moment de la r\u00e9daction de cet article[101]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'y a pas de retour en arri\u00e8re<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

14 avril 2007 : Plus d'un million de citoyens pacifiques protestent contre l'abolition de la libert\u00e9 et contre un r\u00e9gime qui a transform\u00e9 leur patrie en un enfer d'oppression, de violence et de mis\u00e8re. Une sc\u00e8ne d'humanit\u00e9 passionnante qui pourrait difficilement \u00eatre r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9e<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, cela ne change pas la substance des choses. Aujourd'hui, f\u00e9vrier 2021, le gouvernement et ses agences de renseignement dans au moins 40 pays \u00e0 travers le monde, dont la grande majorit\u00e9 est dirig\u00e9e par une dictature, ont entre les mains des logiciels qui vont non seulement au-del\u00e0 des sc\u00e9narios apocalyptiques d\u00e9crits par George Orwell, mais aussi du \"Br\u00e9sil<\/em>\" de Terry Gilliam : D\u00e9sormais, un r\u00e9gime n'a plus besoin de d\u00e9couvrir que quelqu'un pr\u00e9pare un complot pour les isoler, les torturer, les condamner et les exterminer. L'\u00c9tat peut cr\u00e9er des preuves d'un simple clic d'ordinateur, en utilisant un logiciel qui en un milli\u00e8me de seconde condamnera chacun de nous et impliquera chacun de nos proches dans notre destruction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 o\u00f9 l'ali\u00e9nation de l'individu du contexte commun a d\u00e9j\u00e0 atteint des proportions inqui\u00e9tantes, les logiciels d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s et vendus par une petite poign\u00e9e de criminels totalement inconnus du public ont permis \u00e0 l'humanit\u00e9 de s'engager sur un chemin de non-retour : celui o\u00f9 il n'y a plus rien de vrai et de v\u00e9rifiable dans lequel chacun de nous doit douter de qui est autour de nous, et m\u00eame (et plus encore) nous-m\u00eames.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La faiblesse et la superficialit\u00e9 avec lesquelles les gouvernements occidentaux (en particulier les \u00c9tats-Unis, l'Allemagne et le Royaume-Uni) ont permis \u00e0 ce logiciel d'\u00eatre distribu\u00e9 \u00e0 travers la plan\u00e8te pour des calculs purement \u00e9go\u00efstes sont impardonnables et le signe que 75 ans apr\u00e8s la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale , 30 ans apr\u00e8s la fin de la guerre froide, et la peur d'un conflit nucl\u00e9aire lorsque la nature se rebelle contre la mani\u00e8re insens\u00e9e dont nous la d\u00e9truisons, les gens ont franchi la limite ultime \u2013 ceux dans lesquels l'ennemi qui tue ne vient pas de l'ext\u00e9rieur, mais de l'int\u00e9rieur \u2013 et est inexorable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/65-in-yuzbinleri-6335051<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/6554851.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/laik-turkiye-icin-caglayan-a-6426626<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/3-miting-3-mesaj-6462629<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/izmir-rekor-bekliyor-6495436<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/turkey-used-german-spy-software-on-opposition-politicians-and-activists\/a-43787769<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/en\/content\/turkish-spy-networks-control-opponents<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-39416954<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.birgun.net\/haber\/iddia-pelikancilar-hakan-fidan-gitsin-diyor-283382<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trthaber.com\/haber\/gundem\/iletisim-baskanligi-berat-albayrakin-gorevden-af-talebi-kabul-edilmistir-529559.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/europe\/russia-accuses-president-erdogan-s-son-law-being-linked-isis-oil-trade-a6761436.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2016\/09\/turkey-redhackers-daunt-the-erdogan-family.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepressproject.gr\/exclusive-wikileaks-documents-relations-erdogan-isis-oil-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.duvarenglish.com\/sport\/2020\/02\/10\/politics-in-stadiums-fenerbahce-fans-urge-minister-albayrak-to-keep-hands-off-football<\/a> ; https:\/\/odatv4.com\/fenerbahceliler-damata-karsi-ayaga-kalkti-02022031.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Intelligence Online, \u201cHakan Fidan close to ministerial promotion<\/em>\u201d, see in 2020.11.18 Hakan Fidan Minister<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-launches-project-to-train-1-million-software-developers-154081<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> 2017.04.13 T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mill%C3%AE_%C4%B0stihbarat_Te%C5%9Fkil%C3%A2t%C4%B1#Leitung<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> Hakan Fidan on Nexis, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/t24.com.tr\/haber\/adanada-3-tir-durduruldu-arama-yapiliyor,248707<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> 1000 colpi di mortaio, 1000 colpi di artiglieria, 50\u2019000 fucili d'assalto e 30\u2019000 munizioni per mitragliatrice \u2013 see in https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529223636\/http:\/\/www.aktifhaber.com\/devlet-sirri-denilen-mit-tirlari-ile-ilgili-tapeler-1053377h.htm#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.haber7.com\/guncel\/haber\/1121773-mit-tirlari-neden-durduruldu ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aljazeera.com.tr\/haber\/mit-tirlari-boyle-durduruldu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/bianet.org\/bianet\/insan-haklari\/155519-tir-lari-durdurmakla-suclanan-13-askere-muebbet-istendi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milliyet.com.tr\/gundem\/mit-tirlari-olayinda-yeni-gelisme-5-savci-gorevden-uzaklastirildi-1999064<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/erdogandan-canli-yayinda-can-dundara-tehdit-288885<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.faz.net\/aktuell\/politik\/ausland\/europa\/tuerkei\/tuerkei-kampf-gegen-die-soldaten-des-lichts-12715816.html?printPagedArticle=true#pageIndex_3<\/a> ; https:\/\/taz.de\/Wie-Guelen-zum-Staatsfeind-Nr-1-wurde\/!5323191\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2021\/02\/03\/son-dakika-istihbarattaki-fetocu-generalden-bomba-itiraflar-tegmen-rutbemi-fetullah-gulen-takti<\/a> ; https:\/\/tr.sputniknews.com\/turkiye\/202001211041211454-sozcu-ilker-basbugu-cezaevine-attiran-feto-mektubunu-acikliyoruz\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.genios.de\/presse-archiv\/artikel\/FAZ\/20171111\/jagd-auf-die-guelenisten\/FR1201711115279571.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nadir.org\/nadir\/initiativ\/isku\/hintergrund\/geheimdienste\/geheim994.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/tuerkischer-geheimdienst-liess-erdogan-gegner-in-deutschland-ausspionieren\/12027820.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article157778863\/Erdogans-Agenten-bedrohen-Tuerken-in-Deutschland.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html ;  https:\/\/www.derstandard.at\/story\/1397522175727\/geheimdienst-staat-tuerkei<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2020\/09\/turkey-austria-spy-nehammer-kurdish-clashes-protests-vienna.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/austria-turkey-espionage-int-idUSKBN25S4R5<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/10\/13\/world\/europe\/turkey-austria-erdogan-assassin.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/global-europe\/news\/flemish-minister-turkish-sponosred-mosque-is-nest-of-spies\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/07\/06\/influenced-by-gulenists-belgium-targets-turkish-mosques-fighting-extremism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/erdogan-critics-listed-by-turkish-embassy-in-prague-were-included-in-bogus-terrorism-probe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turk-greek-ties-strained-by-arson-row-10324<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-greece-germany-spying\/greek-police-arrest-german-on-suspicion-of-spying-idUSBRE97208820130803<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kathimerini.gr\/society\/896001\/istories-me-kataskopoys-sto-aigaio\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.larissanet.gr\/2019\/06\/21\/dikazetai-sti-rodo-kataskopos-tis-tourkias\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/ahvalnews.com\/mit\/turkish-intelligence-recruits-eu-retirees-spy-greece<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/04\/turkish-intelligence-operations-targeting-critics-in-greece-exposed-in-secret-documents\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/intelnews.org\/2016\/12\/09\/01-2023\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/more-secret-documents-confirming-vast-turkish-espionage-activities-in-greece-uncovered\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.skai.gr\/news\/greece\/dyo-syllipseis-ellinon-gia-kataskopeia-sti-rodo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-kosovo-security-turkey-idUSKBN1H70CC<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/opinion\/murat-yetkin\/turkish-intelligence-unveils-secret-codes-used-before-coup-attempt-103843<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2018\/09\/turkish-teachers-detained-moldova-gulen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/balkaninsight.com\/2018\/09\/06\/six-turkish-professors-detained-by-moldovan-secret-services-09-06-2018\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/turkeypurge.com\/turkey-spying-imams-active-also-in-norway<\/a> ; https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/turkeys-autocratic-president-erdogans-spying-profiling-expands-in-norway\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/kafila.org\/www-matthewaid-com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/report-sweden-launches-espionage-probe-into-turkish-govt-representatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/politics\/undiplomatic_swiss-eye-alleged-turkish-kidnapping-attempt\/43973170 ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/swiss-foreign-minister-warns-turkey-against-illegal-spying-111199 ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/eu-affairs\/2017\/05\/01\/as-anti-turkish-politics-grip-europe-turkish-swiss-policeman-arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-brings-key-feto-suspect-from-ukraine-to-turkey-134608<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.meforum.org\/60976\/turkish-spy-agency-mit-intelligence-gathering-australia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-court\/egypt-detains-29-people-on-suspicion-of-espionage-for-turkey-idUSKBN1DM1AN<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/33764\/In-Pictures-Egypt-foils-Turkish-espionage-attempt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-agency-brings-three-feto-members-from-gabon-to-turkey-130050<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/turkey\/turkish-intelligence-agency-rescues-a-kidnapped-italian-citizen-in-kenya-36192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20190807-libyan-national-army-turkish-intelligence-is-operating-in-tripoli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/11\/27\/senior-feto-figure-captured-by-turkish-intelligence-in-sudan\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

En vieillissant, Kluever vendra son entreprise (le PK Electronics Group \u00e0 Hambourg) \u00e0 deux ing\u00e9nieurs, l'Allemand Stephan Oelkers et l'Anglais William Louthean Nelson. Ce dernier avait commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 diriger le bureau de P\u00e9kin en 1985 et avait cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre soci\u00e9t\u00e9, Personal Protection Products Ltd. Hong Kong[84]<\/sup><\/a>, en 1992, qui jusqu'en 1994, via sa filiale de Hull[85]<\/sup><\/a>, vendait des dispositifs d'\u00e9coute utilis\u00e9s par les services secrets britanniques pour combattre l'IRA en Ulster[86]<\/sup><\/a>. Lorsque Kluever prendra sa retraite, PK Electronics sera transmis \u00e0 William Nelson et \u00e0 son fils Louthean John Alexander Nelson, les fondateurs du groupe Gamma International[87]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le sch\u00e9ma des participations du Groupe Gamma International ainsi que des personnes et soci\u00e9t\u00e9s associ\u00e9es \u2013 \u00a9 IBI World Ltd. London<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une nouvelle \u00e8re commence dans laquelle les anciennes \u00e9coutes t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques seront bient\u00f4t surmont\u00e9es et oubli\u00e9es. Le jeune Louthean commence \u00e0 travailler avec Niels J\u00f8rgen Tobiasen et ses deux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s : The CBRN Team Ltd. Londres[88]<\/sup><\/a> et The Phoenix Hazard Training Ltd. Darlington[89]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est une op\u00e9ration industrielle qui est n\u00e9e d'un contrat de fourniture d'armes chimiques, biologiques, radiologiques et nucl\u00e9aires \u00e0 l'Ouganda[90]<\/sup><\/a> qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9goci\u00e9 avec un membre du gouvernement, Ananias Tumukunde, qui avait accept\u00e9 un pot-de-vin de 40000 \u00a3[91]<\/sup><\/a>. Une op\u00e9ration qui s'est termin\u00e9e par l'arrestation de Tumukunde \u00e0 Kampala et de Tobiasen \u00e0 Londres en juillet 2007[92]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au cours de ces ann\u00e9es, Louthean Nelson a \u00e9galement tent\u00e9 de faciliter une collaboration avec l'\u00e9quipe de piratage de David Vincenzetti : avec l'un des meilleurs hackers du groupe milanais, Alberto Pelliccione, Nelson a essay\u00e9 apr\u00e8s un certain temps de trouver un syst\u00e8me pour pirater les appareils Nokia \u2013 mais Pelliccione change d\u2019avis quand il d\u00e9couvre que Nelson a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 livrer des armes aux pays touch\u00e9s par les sanctions internationales par l'interm\u00e9diaire d'une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qui a maintenant \u00e9t\u00e9 liquid\u00e9e, Cyan Engineering Services SAL Beirut[93]<\/sup><\/a>. Quelque chose avec lequel Pelliccione ne veut rien avoir \u00e0 voir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'entreprise suivante est peut-\u00eatre encore plus \u00e9tonnante : Nelson fonde Elaman et d\u00e9localise certaines activit\u00e9s en Suisse[94]<\/sup><\/a> parce qu'il fait de nouveau affaire avec l'ancien partenaire de son p\u00e8re, Stephan Oelkers. Oelkers a convaincu Nelson de d\u00e9placer son centre d'op\u00e9rations de Hambourg \u00e0 Munich et d'accepter un nouveau partenaire, Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt. Cela devrait travailler avec les services secrets autrichiens[95]<\/sup><\/a> et tenter de reprendre la station de Bad Aibling \u00e0 la NSA (American Military Intelligence)[96]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est une tentation imposante et extr\u00eamement symbolique : la station d'interception de Bad Aibling est n\u00e9e en 1936 comme a\u00e9roport militaire et centre radar de la Luftwaffe, et \u00e0 la fin de la guerre, l'arm\u00e9e am\u00e9ricaine l'a convertie en camp de transit pour les prisonniers de guerre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s et victimes des camps de concentration nationaux-socialistes. Un camp de concentration tr\u00e8s c\u00e9l\u00e8bre que les \u00e9crivains G\u00fcnther Grass et Joseph Ratzinger (le futur pape Beno\u00eet XVI)[97]<\/sup><\/a> ont travers\u00e9. De 1952 jusqu'\u00e0 la fermeture, demand\u00e9e par l'Union europ\u00e9enne en 2001 et r\u00e9alis\u00e9e en 2004 (officiellement, puisque l'installation \u00e9tait toujours en activit\u00e9 en 2013[98]<\/sup><\/a>), la NSA de Bad Aibling a assembl\u00e9 ses syst\u00e8mes Echelon[99]<\/sup><\/a> pour intercepter les communications t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques du plan\u00e8te enti\u00e8re[100]<\/sup><\/a>. La prise de contr\u00f4le de la station NSA aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 la cons\u00e9cration de Nelson et de ses employ\u00e9s \u00e0 une entreprise d'importance mondiale et au pouvoir presque illimit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les n\u00e9gociations n'\u00e9taient pas termin\u00e9es lorsque FinFisher a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 vendre son FinSpy \u00e0 la Turquie et le monde entier a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 voir le danger. Apr\u00e8s les recherches \u00e0 Munich, en Suisse et en Roumanie, Nelson a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 liquider toutes les entreprises le plus rapidement possible: certaines d'entre elles (Computplus Ltd., G2 Systems Ltd., Gamma 2000 Ltd., Gamma 2000 Waste Management Ltd., Gamma International (UK) Ltd.) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 liquid\u00e9s d\u00e9but f\u00e9vrier 2021 au moment de la r\u00e9daction de cet article[101]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'y a pas de retour en arri\u00e8re<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

14 avril 2007 : Plus d'un million de citoyens pacifiques protestent contre l'abolition de la libert\u00e9 et contre un r\u00e9gime qui a transform\u00e9 leur patrie en un enfer d'oppression, de violence et de mis\u00e8re. Une sc\u00e8ne d'humanit\u00e9 passionnante qui pourrait difficilement \u00eatre r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9e<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, cela ne change pas la substance des choses. Aujourd'hui, f\u00e9vrier 2021, le gouvernement et ses agences de renseignement dans au moins 40 pays \u00e0 travers le monde, dont la grande majorit\u00e9 est dirig\u00e9e par une dictature, ont entre les mains des logiciels qui vont non seulement au-del\u00e0 des sc\u00e9narios apocalyptiques d\u00e9crits par George Orwell, mais aussi du \"Br\u00e9sil<\/em>\" de Terry Gilliam : D\u00e9sormais, un r\u00e9gime n'a plus besoin de d\u00e9couvrir que quelqu'un pr\u00e9pare un complot pour les isoler, les torturer, les condamner et les exterminer. L'\u00c9tat peut cr\u00e9er des preuves d'un simple clic d'ordinateur, en utilisant un logiciel qui en un milli\u00e8me de seconde condamnera chacun de nous et impliquera chacun de nos proches dans notre destruction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 o\u00f9 l'ali\u00e9nation de l'individu du contexte commun a d\u00e9j\u00e0 atteint des proportions inqui\u00e9tantes, les logiciels d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s et vendus par une petite poign\u00e9e de criminels totalement inconnus du public ont permis \u00e0 l'humanit\u00e9 de s'engager sur un chemin de non-retour : celui o\u00f9 il n'y a plus rien de vrai et de v\u00e9rifiable dans lequel chacun de nous doit douter de qui est autour de nous, et m\u00eame (et plus encore) nous-m\u00eames.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La faiblesse et la superficialit\u00e9 avec lesquelles les gouvernements occidentaux (en particulier les \u00c9tats-Unis, l'Allemagne et le Royaume-Uni) ont permis \u00e0 ce logiciel d'\u00eatre distribu\u00e9 \u00e0 travers la plan\u00e8te pour des calculs purement \u00e9go\u00efstes sont impardonnables et le signe que 75 ans apr\u00e8s la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale , 30 ans apr\u00e8s la fin de la guerre froide, et la peur d'un conflit nucl\u00e9aire lorsque la nature se rebelle contre la mani\u00e8re insens\u00e9e dont nous la d\u00e9truisons, les gens ont franchi la limite ultime \u2013 ceux dans lesquels l'ennemi qui tue ne vient pas de l'ext\u00e9rieur, mais de l'int\u00e9rieur \u2013 et est inexorable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/65-in-yuzbinleri-6335051<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/6554851.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/laik-turkiye-icin-caglayan-a-6426626<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/3-miting-3-mesaj-6462629<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/izmir-rekor-bekliyor-6495436<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/turkey-used-german-spy-software-on-opposition-politicians-and-activists\/a-43787769<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/en\/content\/turkish-spy-networks-control-opponents<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-39416954<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.birgun.net\/haber\/iddia-pelikancilar-hakan-fidan-gitsin-diyor-283382<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trthaber.com\/haber\/gundem\/iletisim-baskanligi-berat-albayrakin-gorevden-af-talebi-kabul-edilmistir-529559.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/europe\/russia-accuses-president-erdogan-s-son-law-being-linked-isis-oil-trade-a6761436.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2016\/09\/turkey-redhackers-daunt-the-erdogan-family.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepressproject.gr\/exclusive-wikileaks-documents-relations-erdogan-isis-oil-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.duvarenglish.com\/sport\/2020\/02\/10\/politics-in-stadiums-fenerbahce-fans-urge-minister-albayrak-to-keep-hands-off-football<\/a> ; https:\/\/odatv4.com\/fenerbahceliler-damata-karsi-ayaga-kalkti-02022031.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Intelligence Online, \u201cHakan Fidan close to ministerial promotion<\/em>\u201d, see in 2020.11.18 Hakan Fidan Minister<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-launches-project-to-train-1-million-software-developers-154081<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> 2017.04.13 T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mill%C3%AE_%C4%B0stihbarat_Te%C5%9Fkil%C3%A2t%C4%B1#Leitung<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> Hakan Fidan on Nexis, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/t24.com.tr\/haber\/adanada-3-tir-durduruldu-arama-yapiliyor,248707<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> 1000 colpi di mortaio, 1000 colpi di artiglieria, 50\u2019000 fucili d'assalto e 30\u2019000 munizioni per mitragliatrice \u2013 see in https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529223636\/http:\/\/www.aktifhaber.com\/devlet-sirri-denilen-mit-tirlari-ile-ilgili-tapeler-1053377h.htm#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.haber7.com\/guncel\/haber\/1121773-mit-tirlari-neden-durduruldu ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aljazeera.com.tr\/haber\/mit-tirlari-boyle-durduruldu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/bianet.org\/bianet\/insan-haklari\/155519-tir-lari-durdurmakla-suclanan-13-askere-muebbet-istendi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milliyet.com.tr\/gundem\/mit-tirlari-olayinda-yeni-gelisme-5-savci-gorevden-uzaklastirildi-1999064<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/erdogandan-canli-yayinda-can-dundara-tehdit-288885<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.faz.net\/aktuell\/politik\/ausland\/europa\/tuerkei\/tuerkei-kampf-gegen-die-soldaten-des-lichts-12715816.html?printPagedArticle=true#pageIndex_3<\/a> ; https:\/\/taz.de\/Wie-Guelen-zum-Staatsfeind-Nr-1-wurde\/!5323191\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2021\/02\/03\/son-dakika-istihbarattaki-fetocu-generalden-bomba-itiraflar-tegmen-rutbemi-fetullah-gulen-takti<\/a> ; https:\/\/tr.sputniknews.com\/turkiye\/202001211041211454-sozcu-ilker-basbugu-cezaevine-attiran-feto-mektubunu-acikliyoruz\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.genios.de\/presse-archiv\/artikel\/FAZ\/20171111\/jagd-auf-die-guelenisten\/FR1201711115279571.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nadir.org\/nadir\/initiativ\/isku\/hintergrund\/geheimdienste\/geheim994.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/tuerkischer-geheimdienst-liess-erdogan-gegner-in-deutschland-ausspionieren\/12027820.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article157778863\/Erdogans-Agenten-bedrohen-Tuerken-in-Deutschland.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html ;  https:\/\/www.derstandard.at\/story\/1397522175727\/geheimdienst-staat-tuerkei<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2020\/09\/turkey-austria-spy-nehammer-kurdish-clashes-protests-vienna.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/austria-turkey-espionage-int-idUSKBN25S4R5<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/10\/13\/world\/europe\/turkey-austria-erdogan-assassin.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/global-europe\/news\/flemish-minister-turkish-sponosred-mosque-is-nest-of-spies\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/07\/06\/influenced-by-gulenists-belgium-targets-turkish-mosques-fighting-extremism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/erdogan-critics-listed-by-turkish-embassy-in-prague-were-included-in-bogus-terrorism-probe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turk-greek-ties-strained-by-arson-row-10324<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-greece-germany-spying\/greek-police-arrest-german-on-suspicion-of-spying-idUSBRE97208820130803<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kathimerini.gr\/society\/896001\/istories-me-kataskopoys-sto-aigaio\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.larissanet.gr\/2019\/06\/21\/dikazetai-sti-rodo-kataskopos-tis-tourkias\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/ahvalnews.com\/mit\/turkish-intelligence-recruits-eu-retirees-spy-greece<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/04\/turkish-intelligence-operations-targeting-critics-in-greece-exposed-in-secret-documents\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/intelnews.org\/2016\/12\/09\/01-2023\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/more-secret-documents-confirming-vast-turkish-espionage-activities-in-greece-uncovered\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.skai.gr\/news\/greece\/dyo-syllipseis-ellinon-gia-kataskopeia-sti-rodo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-kosovo-security-turkey-idUSKBN1H70CC<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/opinion\/murat-yetkin\/turkish-intelligence-unveils-secret-codes-used-before-coup-attempt-103843<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2018\/09\/turkish-teachers-detained-moldova-gulen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/balkaninsight.com\/2018\/09\/06\/six-turkish-professors-detained-by-moldovan-secret-services-09-06-2018\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/turkeypurge.com\/turkey-spying-imams-active-also-in-norway<\/a> ; https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/turkeys-autocratic-president-erdogans-spying-profiling-expands-in-norway\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/kafila.org\/www-matthewaid-com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/report-sweden-launches-espionage-probe-into-turkish-govt-representatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/politics\/undiplomatic_swiss-eye-alleged-turkish-kidnapping-attempt\/43973170 ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/swiss-foreign-minister-warns-turkey-against-illegal-spying-111199 ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/eu-affairs\/2017\/05\/01\/as-anti-turkish-politics-grip-europe-turkish-swiss-policeman-arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-brings-key-feto-suspect-from-ukraine-to-turkey-134608<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.meforum.org\/60976\/turkish-spy-agency-mit-intelligence-gathering-australia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-court\/egypt-detains-29-people-on-suspicion-of-espionage-for-turkey-idUSKBN1DM1AN<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/33764\/In-Pictures-Egypt-foils-Turkish-espionage-attempt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-agency-brings-three-feto-members-from-gabon-to-turkey-130050<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/turkey\/turkish-intelligence-agency-rescues-a-kidnapped-italian-citizen-in-kenya-36192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20190807-libyan-national-army-turkish-intelligence-is-operating-in-tripoli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/11\/27\/senior-feto-figure-captured-by-turkish-intelligence-in-sudan\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

En 1987, Oelkers s'est envol\u00e9 pour P\u00e9kin pour une d\u00e9monstration de ses nouvelles puces et a ravi les g\u00e9n\u00e9raux chinois qui sont devenus une partie de sa client\u00e8le[80]<\/sup><\/a>. Dans le cadre des accords sign\u00e9s avec les \u00c9tats-Unis, \u00e0 partir de 1985, Kluever a vendu une technologie d'espionnage am\u00e9ricaine tr\u00e8s moderne (d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e par l'Ocean Applied Research Corporation \u00e0 San Diego[81]<\/sup><\/a> et distribu\u00e9e par le groupe CompuDyne Corporation en Pennsylvanie[82]<\/sup><\/a>) \u00e0 Muhammar Ghaddafi en Libye, \u00e0 Hafiz Al -Assad en Syrie, \u00e0 Haji Mohammad Suharto en Indon\u00e9sie \u2013 les trois pr\u00e9sidents l'utilisent pour intercepter les appels t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques et les \u00e9missions radio des opposants, des arm\u00e9es \u00e9trang\u00e8res et des groupes rebelles[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En vieillissant, Kluever vendra son entreprise (le PK Electronics Group \u00e0 Hambourg) \u00e0 deux ing\u00e9nieurs, l'Allemand Stephan Oelkers et l'Anglais William Louthean Nelson. Ce dernier avait commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 diriger le bureau de P\u00e9kin en 1985 et avait cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre soci\u00e9t\u00e9, Personal Protection Products Ltd. Hong Kong[84]<\/sup><\/a>, en 1992, qui jusqu'en 1994, via sa filiale de Hull[85]<\/sup><\/a>, vendait des dispositifs d'\u00e9coute utilis\u00e9s par les services secrets britanniques pour combattre l'IRA en Ulster[86]<\/sup><\/a>. Lorsque Kluever prendra sa retraite, PK Electronics sera transmis \u00e0 William Nelson et \u00e0 son fils Louthean John Alexander Nelson, les fondateurs du groupe Gamma International[87]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le sch\u00e9ma des participations du Groupe Gamma International ainsi que des personnes et soci\u00e9t\u00e9s associ\u00e9es \u2013 \u00a9 IBI World Ltd. London<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une nouvelle \u00e8re commence dans laquelle les anciennes \u00e9coutes t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques seront bient\u00f4t surmont\u00e9es et oubli\u00e9es. Le jeune Louthean commence \u00e0 travailler avec Niels J\u00f8rgen Tobiasen et ses deux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s : The CBRN Team Ltd. Londres[88]<\/sup><\/a> et The Phoenix Hazard Training Ltd. Darlington[89]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est une op\u00e9ration industrielle qui est n\u00e9e d'un contrat de fourniture d'armes chimiques, biologiques, radiologiques et nucl\u00e9aires \u00e0 l'Ouganda[90]<\/sup><\/a> qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9goci\u00e9 avec un membre du gouvernement, Ananias Tumukunde, qui avait accept\u00e9 un pot-de-vin de 40000 \u00a3[91]<\/sup><\/a>. Une op\u00e9ration qui s'est termin\u00e9e par l'arrestation de Tumukunde \u00e0 Kampala et de Tobiasen \u00e0 Londres en juillet 2007[92]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au cours de ces ann\u00e9es, Louthean Nelson a \u00e9galement tent\u00e9 de faciliter une collaboration avec l'\u00e9quipe de piratage de David Vincenzetti : avec l'un des meilleurs hackers du groupe milanais, Alberto Pelliccione, Nelson a essay\u00e9 apr\u00e8s un certain temps de trouver un syst\u00e8me pour pirater les appareils Nokia \u2013 mais Pelliccione change d\u2019avis quand il d\u00e9couvre que Nelson a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 livrer des armes aux pays touch\u00e9s par les sanctions internationales par l'interm\u00e9diaire d'une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qui a maintenant \u00e9t\u00e9 liquid\u00e9e, Cyan Engineering Services SAL Beirut[93]<\/sup><\/a>. Quelque chose avec lequel Pelliccione ne veut rien avoir \u00e0 voir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'entreprise suivante est peut-\u00eatre encore plus \u00e9tonnante : Nelson fonde Elaman et d\u00e9localise certaines activit\u00e9s en Suisse[94]<\/sup><\/a> parce qu'il fait de nouveau affaire avec l'ancien partenaire de son p\u00e8re, Stephan Oelkers. Oelkers a convaincu Nelson de d\u00e9placer son centre d'op\u00e9rations de Hambourg \u00e0 Munich et d'accepter un nouveau partenaire, Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt. Cela devrait travailler avec les services secrets autrichiens[95]<\/sup><\/a> et tenter de reprendre la station de Bad Aibling \u00e0 la NSA (American Military Intelligence)[96]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est une tentation imposante et extr\u00eamement symbolique : la station d'interception de Bad Aibling est n\u00e9e en 1936 comme a\u00e9roport militaire et centre radar de la Luftwaffe, et \u00e0 la fin de la guerre, l'arm\u00e9e am\u00e9ricaine l'a convertie en camp de transit pour les prisonniers de guerre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s et victimes des camps de concentration nationaux-socialistes. Un camp de concentration tr\u00e8s c\u00e9l\u00e8bre que les \u00e9crivains G\u00fcnther Grass et Joseph Ratzinger (le futur pape Beno\u00eet XVI)[97]<\/sup><\/a> ont travers\u00e9. De 1952 jusqu'\u00e0 la fermeture, demand\u00e9e par l'Union europ\u00e9enne en 2001 et r\u00e9alis\u00e9e en 2004 (officiellement, puisque l'installation \u00e9tait toujours en activit\u00e9 en 2013[98]<\/sup><\/a>), la NSA de Bad Aibling a assembl\u00e9 ses syst\u00e8mes Echelon[99]<\/sup><\/a> pour intercepter les communications t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques du plan\u00e8te enti\u00e8re[100]<\/sup><\/a>. La prise de contr\u00f4le de la station NSA aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 la cons\u00e9cration de Nelson et de ses employ\u00e9s \u00e0 une entreprise d'importance mondiale et au pouvoir presque illimit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les n\u00e9gociations n'\u00e9taient pas termin\u00e9es lorsque FinFisher a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 vendre son FinSpy \u00e0 la Turquie et le monde entier a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 voir le danger. Apr\u00e8s les recherches \u00e0 Munich, en Suisse et en Roumanie, Nelson a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 liquider toutes les entreprises le plus rapidement possible: certaines d'entre elles (Computplus Ltd., G2 Systems Ltd., Gamma 2000 Ltd., Gamma 2000 Waste Management Ltd., Gamma International (UK) Ltd.) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 liquid\u00e9s d\u00e9but f\u00e9vrier 2021 au moment de la r\u00e9daction de cet article[101]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'y a pas de retour en arri\u00e8re<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

14 avril 2007 : Plus d'un million de citoyens pacifiques protestent contre l'abolition de la libert\u00e9 et contre un r\u00e9gime qui a transform\u00e9 leur patrie en un enfer d'oppression, de violence et de mis\u00e8re. Une sc\u00e8ne d'humanit\u00e9 passionnante qui pourrait difficilement \u00eatre r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9e<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, cela ne change pas la substance des choses. Aujourd'hui, f\u00e9vrier 2021, le gouvernement et ses agences de renseignement dans au moins 40 pays \u00e0 travers le monde, dont la grande majorit\u00e9 est dirig\u00e9e par une dictature, ont entre les mains des logiciels qui vont non seulement au-del\u00e0 des sc\u00e9narios apocalyptiques d\u00e9crits par George Orwell, mais aussi du \"Br\u00e9sil<\/em>\" de Terry Gilliam : D\u00e9sormais, un r\u00e9gime n'a plus besoin de d\u00e9couvrir que quelqu'un pr\u00e9pare un complot pour les isoler, les torturer, les condamner et les exterminer. L'\u00c9tat peut cr\u00e9er des preuves d'un simple clic d'ordinateur, en utilisant un logiciel qui en un milli\u00e8me de seconde condamnera chacun de nous et impliquera chacun de nos proches dans notre destruction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 o\u00f9 l'ali\u00e9nation de l'individu du contexte commun a d\u00e9j\u00e0 atteint des proportions inqui\u00e9tantes, les logiciels d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s et vendus par une petite poign\u00e9e de criminels totalement inconnus du public ont permis \u00e0 l'humanit\u00e9 de s'engager sur un chemin de non-retour : celui o\u00f9 il n'y a plus rien de vrai et de v\u00e9rifiable dans lequel chacun de nous doit douter de qui est autour de nous, et m\u00eame (et plus encore) nous-m\u00eames.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La faiblesse et la superficialit\u00e9 avec lesquelles les gouvernements occidentaux (en particulier les \u00c9tats-Unis, l'Allemagne et le Royaume-Uni) ont permis \u00e0 ce logiciel d'\u00eatre distribu\u00e9 \u00e0 travers la plan\u00e8te pour des calculs purement \u00e9go\u00efstes sont impardonnables et le signe que 75 ans apr\u00e8s la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale , 30 ans apr\u00e8s la fin de la guerre froide, et la peur d'un conflit nucl\u00e9aire lorsque la nature se rebelle contre la mani\u00e8re insens\u00e9e dont nous la d\u00e9truisons, les gens ont franchi la limite ultime \u2013 ceux dans lesquels l'ennemi qui tue ne vient pas de l'ext\u00e9rieur, mais de l'int\u00e9rieur \u2013 et est inexorable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/65-in-yuzbinleri-6335051<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/6554851.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/laik-turkiye-icin-caglayan-a-6426626<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/3-miting-3-mesaj-6462629<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/izmir-rekor-bekliyor-6495436<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/turkey-used-german-spy-software-on-opposition-politicians-and-activists\/a-43787769<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/en\/content\/turkish-spy-networks-control-opponents<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-39416954<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.birgun.net\/haber\/iddia-pelikancilar-hakan-fidan-gitsin-diyor-283382<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trthaber.com\/haber\/gundem\/iletisim-baskanligi-berat-albayrakin-gorevden-af-talebi-kabul-edilmistir-529559.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/europe\/russia-accuses-president-erdogan-s-son-law-being-linked-isis-oil-trade-a6761436.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2016\/09\/turkey-redhackers-daunt-the-erdogan-family.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepressproject.gr\/exclusive-wikileaks-documents-relations-erdogan-isis-oil-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.duvarenglish.com\/sport\/2020\/02\/10\/politics-in-stadiums-fenerbahce-fans-urge-minister-albayrak-to-keep-hands-off-football<\/a> ; https:\/\/odatv4.com\/fenerbahceliler-damata-karsi-ayaga-kalkti-02022031.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Intelligence Online, \u201cHakan Fidan close to ministerial promotion<\/em>\u201d, see in 2020.11.18 Hakan Fidan Minister<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-launches-project-to-train-1-million-software-developers-154081<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> 2017.04.13 T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mill%C3%AE_%C4%B0stihbarat_Te%C5%9Fkil%C3%A2t%C4%B1#Leitung<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> Hakan Fidan on Nexis, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/t24.com.tr\/haber\/adanada-3-tir-durduruldu-arama-yapiliyor,248707<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> 1000 colpi di mortaio, 1000 colpi di artiglieria, 50\u2019000 fucili d'assalto e 30\u2019000 munizioni per mitragliatrice \u2013 see in https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529223636\/http:\/\/www.aktifhaber.com\/devlet-sirri-denilen-mit-tirlari-ile-ilgili-tapeler-1053377h.htm#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.haber7.com\/guncel\/haber\/1121773-mit-tirlari-neden-durduruldu ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aljazeera.com.tr\/haber\/mit-tirlari-boyle-durduruldu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/bianet.org\/bianet\/insan-haklari\/155519-tir-lari-durdurmakla-suclanan-13-askere-muebbet-istendi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milliyet.com.tr\/gundem\/mit-tirlari-olayinda-yeni-gelisme-5-savci-gorevden-uzaklastirildi-1999064<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/erdogandan-canli-yayinda-can-dundara-tehdit-288885<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.faz.net\/aktuell\/politik\/ausland\/europa\/tuerkei\/tuerkei-kampf-gegen-die-soldaten-des-lichts-12715816.html?printPagedArticle=true#pageIndex_3<\/a> ; https:\/\/taz.de\/Wie-Guelen-zum-Staatsfeind-Nr-1-wurde\/!5323191\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2021\/02\/03\/son-dakika-istihbarattaki-fetocu-generalden-bomba-itiraflar-tegmen-rutbemi-fetullah-gulen-takti<\/a> ; https:\/\/tr.sputniknews.com\/turkiye\/202001211041211454-sozcu-ilker-basbugu-cezaevine-attiran-feto-mektubunu-acikliyoruz\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.genios.de\/presse-archiv\/artikel\/FAZ\/20171111\/jagd-auf-die-guelenisten\/FR1201711115279571.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nadir.org\/nadir\/initiativ\/isku\/hintergrund\/geheimdienste\/geheim994.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/tuerkischer-geheimdienst-liess-erdogan-gegner-in-deutschland-ausspionieren\/12027820.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article157778863\/Erdogans-Agenten-bedrohen-Tuerken-in-Deutschland.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html ;  https:\/\/www.derstandard.at\/story\/1397522175727\/geheimdienst-staat-tuerkei<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2020\/09\/turkey-austria-spy-nehammer-kurdish-clashes-protests-vienna.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/austria-turkey-espionage-int-idUSKBN25S4R5<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/10\/13\/world\/europe\/turkey-austria-erdogan-assassin.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/global-europe\/news\/flemish-minister-turkish-sponosred-mosque-is-nest-of-spies\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/07\/06\/influenced-by-gulenists-belgium-targets-turkish-mosques-fighting-extremism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/erdogan-critics-listed-by-turkish-embassy-in-prague-were-included-in-bogus-terrorism-probe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turk-greek-ties-strained-by-arson-row-10324<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-greece-germany-spying\/greek-police-arrest-german-on-suspicion-of-spying-idUSBRE97208820130803<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kathimerini.gr\/society\/896001\/istories-me-kataskopoys-sto-aigaio\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.larissanet.gr\/2019\/06\/21\/dikazetai-sti-rodo-kataskopos-tis-tourkias\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/ahvalnews.com\/mit\/turkish-intelligence-recruits-eu-retirees-spy-greece<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/04\/turkish-intelligence-operations-targeting-critics-in-greece-exposed-in-secret-documents\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/intelnews.org\/2016\/12\/09\/01-2023\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/more-secret-documents-confirming-vast-turkish-espionage-activities-in-greece-uncovered\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.skai.gr\/news\/greece\/dyo-syllipseis-ellinon-gia-kataskopeia-sti-rodo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-kosovo-security-turkey-idUSKBN1H70CC<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/opinion\/murat-yetkin\/turkish-intelligence-unveils-secret-codes-used-before-coup-attempt-103843<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2018\/09\/turkish-teachers-detained-moldova-gulen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/balkaninsight.com\/2018\/09\/06\/six-turkish-professors-detained-by-moldovan-secret-services-09-06-2018\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/turkeypurge.com\/turkey-spying-imams-active-also-in-norway<\/a> ; https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/turkeys-autocratic-president-erdogans-spying-profiling-expands-in-norway\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/kafila.org\/www-matthewaid-com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/report-sweden-launches-espionage-probe-into-turkish-govt-representatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/politics\/undiplomatic_swiss-eye-alleged-turkish-kidnapping-attempt\/43973170 ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/swiss-foreign-minister-warns-turkey-against-illegal-spying-111199 ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/eu-affairs\/2017\/05\/01\/as-anti-turkish-politics-grip-europe-turkish-swiss-policeman-arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-brings-key-feto-suspect-from-ukraine-to-turkey-134608<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.meforum.org\/60976\/turkish-spy-agency-mit-intelligence-gathering-australia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-court\/egypt-detains-29-people-on-suspicion-of-espionage-for-turkey-idUSKBN1DM1AN<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/33764\/In-Pictures-Egypt-foils-Turkish-espionage-attempt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-agency-brings-three-feto-members-from-gabon-to-turkey-130050<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/turkey\/turkish-intelligence-agency-rescues-a-kidnapped-italian-citizen-in-kenya-36192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20190807-libyan-national-army-turkish-intelligence-is-operating-in-tripoli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/11\/27\/senior-feto-figure-captured-by-turkish-intelligence-in-sudan\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

La CIA d\u00e9cide d'investir dans cet homme, tout comme l'arm\u00e9e allemande. En 1981, ses deux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s PK Electronics et PKI Electronic Intelligence GmbH avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 des contrats avec le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. En 1983, le prince h\u00e9ritier d'Arabie saoudite, Abdullah Ibn Nasir IBn Abd al-Asis Al Sa'ud, visite Hambourg et les g\u00e9n\u00e9raux allemands lui montrent les effets de l'utilisation de la technologie Kluever sur l'efficacit\u00e9 et la cadence de tir des chars L\u00e9opard \u2013 qui le gouvernement de Moved Riyadh pour acqu\u00e9rir cette technologie[79]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 1987, Oelkers s'est envol\u00e9 pour P\u00e9kin pour une d\u00e9monstration de ses nouvelles puces et a ravi les g\u00e9n\u00e9raux chinois qui sont devenus une partie de sa client\u00e8le[80]<\/sup><\/a>. Dans le cadre des accords sign\u00e9s avec les \u00c9tats-Unis, \u00e0 partir de 1985, Kluever a vendu une technologie d'espionnage am\u00e9ricaine tr\u00e8s moderne (d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e par l'Ocean Applied Research Corporation \u00e0 San Diego[81]<\/sup><\/a> et distribu\u00e9e par le groupe CompuDyne Corporation en Pennsylvanie[82]<\/sup><\/a>) \u00e0 Muhammar Ghaddafi en Libye, \u00e0 Hafiz Al -Assad en Syrie, \u00e0 Haji Mohammad Suharto en Indon\u00e9sie \u2013 les trois pr\u00e9sidents l'utilisent pour intercepter les appels t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques et les \u00e9missions radio des opposants, des arm\u00e9es \u00e9trang\u00e8res et des groupes rebelles[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En vieillissant, Kluever vendra son entreprise (le PK Electronics Group \u00e0 Hambourg) \u00e0 deux ing\u00e9nieurs, l'Allemand Stephan Oelkers et l'Anglais William Louthean Nelson. Ce dernier avait commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 diriger le bureau de P\u00e9kin en 1985 et avait cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre soci\u00e9t\u00e9, Personal Protection Products Ltd. Hong Kong[84]<\/sup><\/a>, en 1992, qui jusqu'en 1994, via sa filiale de Hull[85]<\/sup><\/a>, vendait des dispositifs d'\u00e9coute utilis\u00e9s par les services secrets britanniques pour combattre l'IRA en Ulster[86]<\/sup><\/a>. Lorsque Kluever prendra sa retraite, PK Electronics sera transmis \u00e0 William Nelson et \u00e0 son fils Louthean John Alexander Nelson, les fondateurs du groupe Gamma International[87]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le sch\u00e9ma des participations du Groupe Gamma International ainsi que des personnes et soci\u00e9t\u00e9s associ\u00e9es \u2013 \u00a9 IBI World Ltd. London<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une nouvelle \u00e8re commence dans laquelle les anciennes \u00e9coutes t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques seront bient\u00f4t surmont\u00e9es et oubli\u00e9es. Le jeune Louthean commence \u00e0 travailler avec Niels J\u00f8rgen Tobiasen et ses deux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s : The CBRN Team Ltd. Londres[88]<\/sup><\/a> et The Phoenix Hazard Training Ltd. Darlington[89]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est une op\u00e9ration industrielle qui est n\u00e9e d'un contrat de fourniture d'armes chimiques, biologiques, radiologiques et nucl\u00e9aires \u00e0 l'Ouganda[90]<\/sup><\/a> qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9goci\u00e9 avec un membre du gouvernement, Ananias Tumukunde, qui avait accept\u00e9 un pot-de-vin de 40000 \u00a3[91]<\/sup><\/a>. Une op\u00e9ration qui s'est termin\u00e9e par l'arrestation de Tumukunde \u00e0 Kampala et de Tobiasen \u00e0 Londres en juillet 2007[92]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au cours de ces ann\u00e9es, Louthean Nelson a \u00e9galement tent\u00e9 de faciliter une collaboration avec l'\u00e9quipe de piratage de David Vincenzetti : avec l'un des meilleurs hackers du groupe milanais, Alberto Pelliccione, Nelson a essay\u00e9 apr\u00e8s un certain temps de trouver un syst\u00e8me pour pirater les appareils Nokia \u2013 mais Pelliccione change d\u2019avis quand il d\u00e9couvre que Nelson a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 livrer des armes aux pays touch\u00e9s par les sanctions internationales par l'interm\u00e9diaire d'une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qui a maintenant \u00e9t\u00e9 liquid\u00e9e, Cyan Engineering Services SAL Beirut[93]<\/sup><\/a>. Quelque chose avec lequel Pelliccione ne veut rien avoir \u00e0 voir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'entreprise suivante est peut-\u00eatre encore plus \u00e9tonnante : Nelson fonde Elaman et d\u00e9localise certaines activit\u00e9s en Suisse[94]<\/sup><\/a> parce qu'il fait de nouveau affaire avec l'ancien partenaire de son p\u00e8re, Stephan Oelkers. Oelkers a convaincu Nelson de d\u00e9placer son centre d'op\u00e9rations de Hambourg \u00e0 Munich et d'accepter un nouveau partenaire, Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt. Cela devrait travailler avec les services secrets autrichiens[95]<\/sup><\/a> et tenter de reprendre la station de Bad Aibling \u00e0 la NSA (American Military Intelligence)[96]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est une tentation imposante et extr\u00eamement symbolique : la station d'interception de Bad Aibling est n\u00e9e en 1936 comme a\u00e9roport militaire et centre radar de la Luftwaffe, et \u00e0 la fin de la guerre, l'arm\u00e9e am\u00e9ricaine l'a convertie en camp de transit pour les prisonniers de guerre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s et victimes des camps de concentration nationaux-socialistes. Un camp de concentration tr\u00e8s c\u00e9l\u00e8bre que les \u00e9crivains G\u00fcnther Grass et Joseph Ratzinger (le futur pape Beno\u00eet XVI)[97]<\/sup><\/a> ont travers\u00e9. De 1952 jusqu'\u00e0 la fermeture, demand\u00e9e par l'Union europ\u00e9enne en 2001 et r\u00e9alis\u00e9e en 2004 (officiellement, puisque l'installation \u00e9tait toujours en activit\u00e9 en 2013[98]<\/sup><\/a>), la NSA de Bad Aibling a assembl\u00e9 ses syst\u00e8mes Echelon[99]<\/sup><\/a> pour intercepter les communications t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques du plan\u00e8te enti\u00e8re[100]<\/sup><\/a>. La prise de contr\u00f4le de la station NSA aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 la cons\u00e9cration de Nelson et de ses employ\u00e9s \u00e0 une entreprise d'importance mondiale et au pouvoir presque illimit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les n\u00e9gociations n'\u00e9taient pas termin\u00e9es lorsque FinFisher a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 vendre son FinSpy \u00e0 la Turquie et le monde entier a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 voir le danger. Apr\u00e8s les recherches \u00e0 Munich, en Suisse et en Roumanie, Nelson a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 liquider toutes les entreprises le plus rapidement possible: certaines d'entre elles (Computplus Ltd., G2 Systems Ltd., Gamma 2000 Ltd., Gamma 2000 Waste Management Ltd., Gamma International (UK) Ltd.) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 liquid\u00e9s d\u00e9but f\u00e9vrier 2021 au moment de la r\u00e9daction de cet article[101]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'y a pas de retour en arri\u00e8re<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

14 avril 2007 : Plus d'un million de citoyens pacifiques protestent contre l'abolition de la libert\u00e9 et contre un r\u00e9gime qui a transform\u00e9 leur patrie en un enfer d'oppression, de violence et de mis\u00e8re. Une sc\u00e8ne d'humanit\u00e9 passionnante qui pourrait difficilement \u00eatre r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9e<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, cela ne change pas la substance des choses. Aujourd'hui, f\u00e9vrier 2021, le gouvernement et ses agences de renseignement dans au moins 40 pays \u00e0 travers le monde, dont la grande majorit\u00e9 est dirig\u00e9e par une dictature, ont entre les mains des logiciels qui vont non seulement au-del\u00e0 des sc\u00e9narios apocalyptiques d\u00e9crits par George Orwell, mais aussi du \"Br\u00e9sil<\/em>\" de Terry Gilliam : D\u00e9sormais, un r\u00e9gime n'a plus besoin de d\u00e9couvrir que quelqu'un pr\u00e9pare un complot pour les isoler, les torturer, les condamner et les exterminer. L'\u00c9tat peut cr\u00e9er des preuves d'un simple clic d'ordinateur, en utilisant un logiciel qui en un milli\u00e8me de seconde condamnera chacun de nous et impliquera chacun de nos proches dans notre destruction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 o\u00f9 l'ali\u00e9nation de l'individu du contexte commun a d\u00e9j\u00e0 atteint des proportions inqui\u00e9tantes, les logiciels d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s et vendus par une petite poign\u00e9e de criminels totalement inconnus du public ont permis \u00e0 l'humanit\u00e9 de s'engager sur un chemin de non-retour : celui o\u00f9 il n'y a plus rien de vrai et de v\u00e9rifiable dans lequel chacun de nous doit douter de qui est autour de nous, et m\u00eame (et plus encore) nous-m\u00eames.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La faiblesse et la superficialit\u00e9 avec lesquelles les gouvernements occidentaux (en particulier les \u00c9tats-Unis, l'Allemagne et le Royaume-Uni) ont permis \u00e0 ce logiciel d'\u00eatre distribu\u00e9 \u00e0 travers la plan\u00e8te pour des calculs purement \u00e9go\u00efstes sont impardonnables et le signe que 75 ans apr\u00e8s la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale , 30 ans apr\u00e8s la fin de la guerre froide, et la peur d'un conflit nucl\u00e9aire lorsque la nature se rebelle contre la mani\u00e8re insens\u00e9e dont nous la d\u00e9truisons, les gens ont franchi la limite ultime \u2013 ceux dans lesquels l'ennemi qui tue ne vient pas de l'ext\u00e9rieur, mais de l'int\u00e9rieur \u2013 et est inexorable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/65-in-yuzbinleri-6335051<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/6554851.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/laik-turkiye-icin-caglayan-a-6426626<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/3-miting-3-mesaj-6462629<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/izmir-rekor-bekliyor-6495436<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/turkey-used-german-spy-software-on-opposition-politicians-and-activists\/a-43787769<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/en\/content\/turkish-spy-networks-control-opponents<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-39416954<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.birgun.net\/haber\/iddia-pelikancilar-hakan-fidan-gitsin-diyor-283382<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trthaber.com\/haber\/gundem\/iletisim-baskanligi-berat-albayrakin-gorevden-af-talebi-kabul-edilmistir-529559.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/europe\/russia-accuses-president-erdogan-s-son-law-being-linked-isis-oil-trade-a6761436.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2016\/09\/turkey-redhackers-daunt-the-erdogan-family.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepressproject.gr\/exclusive-wikileaks-documents-relations-erdogan-isis-oil-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.duvarenglish.com\/sport\/2020\/02\/10\/politics-in-stadiums-fenerbahce-fans-urge-minister-albayrak-to-keep-hands-off-football<\/a> ; https:\/\/odatv4.com\/fenerbahceliler-damata-karsi-ayaga-kalkti-02022031.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Intelligence Online, \u201cHakan Fidan close to ministerial promotion<\/em>\u201d, see in 2020.11.18 Hakan Fidan Minister<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-launches-project-to-train-1-million-software-developers-154081<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> 2017.04.13 T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mill%C3%AE_%C4%B0stihbarat_Te%C5%9Fkil%C3%A2t%C4%B1#Leitung<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> Hakan Fidan on Nexis, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/t24.com.tr\/haber\/adanada-3-tir-durduruldu-arama-yapiliyor,248707<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> 1000 colpi di mortaio, 1000 colpi di artiglieria, 50\u2019000 fucili d'assalto e 30\u2019000 munizioni per mitragliatrice \u2013 see in https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529223636\/http:\/\/www.aktifhaber.com\/devlet-sirri-denilen-mit-tirlari-ile-ilgili-tapeler-1053377h.htm#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.haber7.com\/guncel\/haber\/1121773-mit-tirlari-neden-durduruldu ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aljazeera.com.tr\/haber\/mit-tirlari-boyle-durduruldu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/bianet.org\/bianet\/insan-haklari\/155519-tir-lari-durdurmakla-suclanan-13-askere-muebbet-istendi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milliyet.com.tr\/gundem\/mit-tirlari-olayinda-yeni-gelisme-5-savci-gorevden-uzaklastirildi-1999064<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/erdogandan-canli-yayinda-can-dundara-tehdit-288885<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.faz.net\/aktuell\/politik\/ausland\/europa\/tuerkei\/tuerkei-kampf-gegen-die-soldaten-des-lichts-12715816.html?printPagedArticle=true#pageIndex_3<\/a> ; https:\/\/taz.de\/Wie-Guelen-zum-Staatsfeind-Nr-1-wurde\/!5323191\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2021\/02\/03\/son-dakika-istihbarattaki-fetocu-generalden-bomba-itiraflar-tegmen-rutbemi-fetullah-gulen-takti<\/a> ; https:\/\/tr.sputniknews.com\/turkiye\/202001211041211454-sozcu-ilker-basbugu-cezaevine-attiran-feto-mektubunu-acikliyoruz\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.genios.de\/presse-archiv\/artikel\/FAZ\/20171111\/jagd-auf-die-guelenisten\/FR1201711115279571.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nadir.org\/nadir\/initiativ\/isku\/hintergrund\/geheimdienste\/geheim994.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/tuerkischer-geheimdienst-liess-erdogan-gegner-in-deutschland-ausspionieren\/12027820.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article157778863\/Erdogans-Agenten-bedrohen-Tuerken-in-Deutschland.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html ;  https:\/\/www.derstandard.at\/story\/1397522175727\/geheimdienst-staat-tuerkei<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2020\/09\/turkey-austria-spy-nehammer-kurdish-clashes-protests-vienna.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/austria-turkey-espionage-int-idUSKBN25S4R5<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/10\/13\/world\/europe\/turkey-austria-erdogan-assassin.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/global-europe\/news\/flemish-minister-turkish-sponosred-mosque-is-nest-of-spies\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/07\/06\/influenced-by-gulenists-belgium-targets-turkish-mosques-fighting-extremism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/erdogan-critics-listed-by-turkish-embassy-in-prague-were-included-in-bogus-terrorism-probe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turk-greek-ties-strained-by-arson-row-10324<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-greece-germany-spying\/greek-police-arrest-german-on-suspicion-of-spying-idUSBRE97208820130803<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kathimerini.gr\/society\/896001\/istories-me-kataskopoys-sto-aigaio\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.larissanet.gr\/2019\/06\/21\/dikazetai-sti-rodo-kataskopos-tis-tourkias\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/ahvalnews.com\/mit\/turkish-intelligence-recruits-eu-retirees-spy-greece<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/04\/turkish-intelligence-operations-targeting-critics-in-greece-exposed-in-secret-documents\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/intelnews.org\/2016\/12\/09\/01-2023\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/more-secret-documents-confirming-vast-turkish-espionage-activities-in-greece-uncovered\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.skai.gr\/news\/greece\/dyo-syllipseis-ellinon-gia-kataskopeia-sti-rodo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-kosovo-security-turkey-idUSKBN1H70CC<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/opinion\/murat-yetkin\/turkish-intelligence-unveils-secret-codes-used-before-coup-attempt-103843<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2018\/09\/turkish-teachers-detained-moldova-gulen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/balkaninsight.com\/2018\/09\/06\/six-turkish-professors-detained-by-moldovan-secret-services-09-06-2018\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/turkeypurge.com\/turkey-spying-imams-active-also-in-norway<\/a> ; https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/turkeys-autocratic-president-erdogans-spying-profiling-expands-in-norway\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/kafila.org\/www-matthewaid-com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/report-sweden-launches-espionage-probe-into-turkish-govt-representatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/politics\/undiplomatic_swiss-eye-alleged-turkish-kidnapping-attempt\/43973170 ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/swiss-foreign-minister-warns-turkey-against-illegal-spying-111199 ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/eu-affairs\/2017\/05\/01\/as-anti-turkish-politics-grip-europe-turkish-swiss-policeman-arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-brings-key-feto-suspect-from-ukraine-to-turkey-134608<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.meforum.org\/60976\/turkish-spy-agency-mit-intelligence-gathering-australia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-court\/egypt-detains-29-people-on-suspicion-of-espionage-for-turkey-idUSKBN1DM1AN<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/33764\/In-Pictures-Egypt-foils-Turkish-espionage-attempt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-agency-brings-three-feto-members-from-gabon-to-turkey-130050<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/turkey\/turkish-intelligence-agency-rescues-a-kidnapped-italian-citizen-in-kenya-36192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20190807-libyan-national-army-turkish-intelligence-is-operating-in-tripoli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/11\/27\/senior-feto-figure-captured-by-turkish-intelligence-in-sudan\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Pour \u00eatre pr\u00e9cis, nous en savons beaucoup sur les activit\u00e9s ill\u00e9gales de ce groupe depuis 1973 (lorsque les ordinateurs \u00e9taient des jouets et que l'espionnage consistait \u00e0 infiltrer des hommes louches dans des salles secr\u00e8tes \u00e0 l'aide d'un appareil microfilmant des documents interdits) de personnes dispers\u00e9es dans la campagne anglaise, dans le port de Hambourg, dans la capitale bavaroise ou dans les bidonvilles du Cap Town. L'histoire commence par un c\u00e2ble que l'ambassade am\u00e9ricaine \u00e0 Bonn a envoy\u00e9 aux autorit\u00e9s f\u00e9d\u00e9rales \u2013 un message signalant les activit\u00e9s suspectes d'un d\u00e9taillant d'\u00e9lectronique n\u00e9erlandais bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Hambourg, Peter Kluever[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La CIA d\u00e9cide d'investir dans cet homme, tout comme l'arm\u00e9e allemande. En 1981, ses deux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s PK Electronics et PKI Electronic Intelligence GmbH avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 des contrats avec le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. En 1983, le prince h\u00e9ritier d'Arabie saoudite, Abdullah Ibn Nasir IBn Abd al-Asis Al Sa'ud, visite Hambourg et les g\u00e9n\u00e9raux allemands lui montrent les effets de l'utilisation de la technologie Kluever sur l'efficacit\u00e9 et la cadence de tir des chars L\u00e9opard \u2013 qui le gouvernement de Moved Riyadh pour acqu\u00e9rir cette technologie[79]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 1987, Oelkers s'est envol\u00e9 pour P\u00e9kin pour une d\u00e9monstration de ses nouvelles puces et a ravi les g\u00e9n\u00e9raux chinois qui sont devenus une partie de sa client\u00e8le[80]<\/sup><\/a>. Dans le cadre des accords sign\u00e9s avec les \u00c9tats-Unis, \u00e0 partir de 1985, Kluever a vendu une technologie d'espionnage am\u00e9ricaine tr\u00e8s moderne (d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e par l'Ocean Applied Research Corporation \u00e0 San Diego[81]<\/sup><\/a> et distribu\u00e9e par le groupe CompuDyne Corporation en Pennsylvanie[82]<\/sup><\/a>) \u00e0 Muhammar Ghaddafi en Libye, \u00e0 Hafiz Al -Assad en Syrie, \u00e0 Haji Mohammad Suharto en Indon\u00e9sie \u2013 les trois pr\u00e9sidents l'utilisent pour intercepter les appels t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques et les \u00e9missions radio des opposants, des arm\u00e9es \u00e9trang\u00e8res et des groupes rebelles[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En vieillissant, Kluever vendra son entreprise (le PK Electronics Group \u00e0 Hambourg) \u00e0 deux ing\u00e9nieurs, l'Allemand Stephan Oelkers et l'Anglais William Louthean Nelson. Ce dernier avait commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 diriger le bureau de P\u00e9kin en 1985 et avait cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre soci\u00e9t\u00e9, Personal Protection Products Ltd. Hong Kong[84]<\/sup><\/a>, en 1992, qui jusqu'en 1994, via sa filiale de Hull[85]<\/sup><\/a>, vendait des dispositifs d'\u00e9coute utilis\u00e9s par les services secrets britanniques pour combattre l'IRA en Ulster[86]<\/sup><\/a>. Lorsque Kluever prendra sa retraite, PK Electronics sera transmis \u00e0 William Nelson et \u00e0 son fils Louthean John Alexander Nelson, les fondateurs du groupe Gamma International[87]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le sch\u00e9ma des participations du Groupe Gamma International ainsi que des personnes et soci\u00e9t\u00e9s associ\u00e9es \u2013 \u00a9 IBI World Ltd. London<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une nouvelle \u00e8re commence dans laquelle les anciennes \u00e9coutes t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques seront bient\u00f4t surmont\u00e9es et oubli\u00e9es. Le jeune Louthean commence \u00e0 travailler avec Niels J\u00f8rgen Tobiasen et ses deux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s : The CBRN Team Ltd. Londres[88]<\/sup><\/a> et The Phoenix Hazard Training Ltd. Darlington[89]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est une op\u00e9ration industrielle qui est n\u00e9e d'un contrat de fourniture d'armes chimiques, biologiques, radiologiques et nucl\u00e9aires \u00e0 l'Ouganda[90]<\/sup><\/a> qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9goci\u00e9 avec un membre du gouvernement, Ananias Tumukunde, qui avait accept\u00e9 un pot-de-vin de 40000 \u00a3[91]<\/sup><\/a>. Une op\u00e9ration qui s'est termin\u00e9e par l'arrestation de Tumukunde \u00e0 Kampala et de Tobiasen \u00e0 Londres en juillet 2007[92]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au cours de ces ann\u00e9es, Louthean Nelson a \u00e9galement tent\u00e9 de faciliter une collaboration avec l'\u00e9quipe de piratage de David Vincenzetti : avec l'un des meilleurs hackers du groupe milanais, Alberto Pelliccione, Nelson a essay\u00e9 apr\u00e8s un certain temps de trouver un syst\u00e8me pour pirater les appareils Nokia \u2013 mais Pelliccione change d\u2019avis quand il d\u00e9couvre que Nelson a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 livrer des armes aux pays touch\u00e9s par les sanctions internationales par l'interm\u00e9diaire d'une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qui a maintenant \u00e9t\u00e9 liquid\u00e9e, Cyan Engineering Services SAL Beirut[93]<\/sup><\/a>. Quelque chose avec lequel Pelliccione ne veut rien avoir \u00e0 voir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'entreprise suivante est peut-\u00eatre encore plus \u00e9tonnante : Nelson fonde Elaman et d\u00e9localise certaines activit\u00e9s en Suisse[94]<\/sup><\/a> parce qu'il fait de nouveau affaire avec l'ancien partenaire de son p\u00e8re, Stephan Oelkers. Oelkers a convaincu Nelson de d\u00e9placer son centre d'op\u00e9rations de Hambourg \u00e0 Munich et d'accepter un nouveau partenaire, Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt. Cela devrait travailler avec les services secrets autrichiens[95]<\/sup><\/a> et tenter de reprendre la station de Bad Aibling \u00e0 la NSA (American Military Intelligence)[96]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est une tentation imposante et extr\u00eamement symbolique : la station d'interception de Bad Aibling est n\u00e9e en 1936 comme a\u00e9roport militaire et centre radar de la Luftwaffe, et \u00e0 la fin de la guerre, l'arm\u00e9e am\u00e9ricaine l'a convertie en camp de transit pour les prisonniers de guerre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s et victimes des camps de concentration nationaux-socialistes. Un camp de concentration tr\u00e8s c\u00e9l\u00e8bre que les \u00e9crivains G\u00fcnther Grass et Joseph Ratzinger (le futur pape Beno\u00eet XVI)[97]<\/sup><\/a> ont travers\u00e9. De 1952 jusqu'\u00e0 la fermeture, demand\u00e9e par l'Union europ\u00e9enne en 2001 et r\u00e9alis\u00e9e en 2004 (officiellement, puisque l'installation \u00e9tait toujours en activit\u00e9 en 2013[98]<\/sup><\/a>), la NSA de Bad Aibling a assembl\u00e9 ses syst\u00e8mes Echelon[99]<\/sup><\/a> pour intercepter les communications t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques du plan\u00e8te enti\u00e8re[100]<\/sup><\/a>. La prise de contr\u00f4le de la station NSA aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 la cons\u00e9cration de Nelson et de ses employ\u00e9s \u00e0 une entreprise d'importance mondiale et au pouvoir presque illimit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les n\u00e9gociations n'\u00e9taient pas termin\u00e9es lorsque FinFisher a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 vendre son FinSpy \u00e0 la Turquie et le monde entier a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 voir le danger. Apr\u00e8s les recherches \u00e0 Munich, en Suisse et en Roumanie, Nelson a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 liquider toutes les entreprises le plus rapidement possible: certaines d'entre elles (Computplus Ltd., G2 Systems Ltd., Gamma 2000 Ltd., Gamma 2000 Waste Management Ltd., Gamma International (UK) Ltd.) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 liquid\u00e9s d\u00e9but f\u00e9vrier 2021 au moment de la r\u00e9daction de cet article[101]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'y a pas de retour en arri\u00e8re<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

14 avril 2007 : Plus d'un million de citoyens pacifiques protestent contre l'abolition de la libert\u00e9 et contre un r\u00e9gime qui a transform\u00e9 leur patrie en un enfer d'oppression, de violence et de mis\u00e8re. Une sc\u00e8ne d'humanit\u00e9 passionnante qui pourrait difficilement \u00eatre r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9e<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, cela ne change pas la substance des choses. Aujourd'hui, f\u00e9vrier 2021, le gouvernement et ses agences de renseignement dans au moins 40 pays \u00e0 travers le monde, dont la grande majorit\u00e9 est dirig\u00e9e par une dictature, ont entre les mains des logiciels qui vont non seulement au-del\u00e0 des sc\u00e9narios apocalyptiques d\u00e9crits par George Orwell, mais aussi du \"Br\u00e9sil<\/em>\" de Terry Gilliam : D\u00e9sormais, un r\u00e9gime n'a plus besoin de d\u00e9couvrir que quelqu'un pr\u00e9pare un complot pour les isoler, les torturer, les condamner et les exterminer. L'\u00c9tat peut cr\u00e9er des preuves d'un simple clic d'ordinateur, en utilisant un logiciel qui en un milli\u00e8me de seconde condamnera chacun de nous et impliquera chacun de nos proches dans notre destruction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 o\u00f9 l'ali\u00e9nation de l'individu du contexte commun a d\u00e9j\u00e0 atteint des proportions inqui\u00e9tantes, les logiciels d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s et vendus par une petite poign\u00e9e de criminels totalement inconnus du public ont permis \u00e0 l'humanit\u00e9 de s'engager sur un chemin de non-retour : celui o\u00f9 il n'y a plus rien de vrai et de v\u00e9rifiable dans lequel chacun de nous doit douter de qui est autour de nous, et m\u00eame (et plus encore) nous-m\u00eames.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La faiblesse et la superficialit\u00e9 avec lesquelles les gouvernements occidentaux (en particulier les \u00c9tats-Unis, l'Allemagne et le Royaume-Uni) ont permis \u00e0 ce logiciel d'\u00eatre distribu\u00e9 \u00e0 travers la plan\u00e8te pour des calculs purement \u00e9go\u00efstes sont impardonnables et le signe que 75 ans apr\u00e8s la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale , 30 ans apr\u00e8s la fin de la guerre froide, et la peur d'un conflit nucl\u00e9aire lorsque la nature se rebelle contre la mani\u00e8re insens\u00e9e dont nous la d\u00e9truisons, les gens ont franchi la limite ultime \u2013 ceux dans lesquels l'ennemi qui tue ne vient pas de l'ext\u00e9rieur, mais de l'int\u00e9rieur \u2013 et est inexorable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/65-in-yuzbinleri-6335051<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/6554851.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/laik-turkiye-icin-caglayan-a-6426626<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/3-miting-3-mesaj-6462629<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/izmir-rekor-bekliyor-6495436<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/turkey-used-german-spy-software-on-opposition-politicians-and-activists\/a-43787769<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/en\/content\/turkish-spy-networks-control-opponents<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-39416954<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.birgun.net\/haber\/iddia-pelikancilar-hakan-fidan-gitsin-diyor-283382<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trthaber.com\/haber\/gundem\/iletisim-baskanligi-berat-albayrakin-gorevden-af-talebi-kabul-edilmistir-529559.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/europe\/russia-accuses-president-erdogan-s-son-law-being-linked-isis-oil-trade-a6761436.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2016\/09\/turkey-redhackers-daunt-the-erdogan-family.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepressproject.gr\/exclusive-wikileaks-documents-relations-erdogan-isis-oil-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.duvarenglish.com\/sport\/2020\/02\/10\/politics-in-stadiums-fenerbahce-fans-urge-minister-albayrak-to-keep-hands-off-football<\/a> ; https:\/\/odatv4.com\/fenerbahceliler-damata-karsi-ayaga-kalkti-02022031.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Intelligence Online, \u201cHakan Fidan close to ministerial promotion<\/em>\u201d, see in 2020.11.18 Hakan Fidan Minister<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-launches-project-to-train-1-million-software-developers-154081<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> 2017.04.13 T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mill%C3%AE_%C4%B0stihbarat_Te%C5%9Fkil%C3%A2t%C4%B1#Leitung<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> Hakan Fidan on Nexis, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/t24.com.tr\/haber\/adanada-3-tir-durduruldu-arama-yapiliyor,248707<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> 1000 colpi di mortaio, 1000 colpi di artiglieria, 50\u2019000 fucili d'assalto e 30\u2019000 munizioni per mitragliatrice \u2013 see in https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529223636\/http:\/\/www.aktifhaber.com\/devlet-sirri-denilen-mit-tirlari-ile-ilgili-tapeler-1053377h.htm#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.haber7.com\/guncel\/haber\/1121773-mit-tirlari-neden-durduruldu ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aljazeera.com.tr\/haber\/mit-tirlari-boyle-durduruldu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/bianet.org\/bianet\/insan-haklari\/155519-tir-lari-durdurmakla-suclanan-13-askere-muebbet-istendi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milliyet.com.tr\/gundem\/mit-tirlari-olayinda-yeni-gelisme-5-savci-gorevden-uzaklastirildi-1999064<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/erdogandan-canli-yayinda-can-dundara-tehdit-288885<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.faz.net\/aktuell\/politik\/ausland\/europa\/tuerkei\/tuerkei-kampf-gegen-die-soldaten-des-lichts-12715816.html?printPagedArticle=true#pageIndex_3<\/a> ; https:\/\/taz.de\/Wie-Guelen-zum-Staatsfeind-Nr-1-wurde\/!5323191\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2021\/02\/03\/son-dakika-istihbarattaki-fetocu-generalden-bomba-itiraflar-tegmen-rutbemi-fetullah-gulen-takti<\/a> ; https:\/\/tr.sputniknews.com\/turkiye\/202001211041211454-sozcu-ilker-basbugu-cezaevine-attiran-feto-mektubunu-acikliyoruz\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.genios.de\/presse-archiv\/artikel\/FAZ\/20171111\/jagd-auf-die-guelenisten\/FR1201711115279571.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nadir.org\/nadir\/initiativ\/isku\/hintergrund\/geheimdienste\/geheim994.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/tuerkischer-geheimdienst-liess-erdogan-gegner-in-deutschland-ausspionieren\/12027820.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article157778863\/Erdogans-Agenten-bedrohen-Tuerken-in-Deutschland.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html ;  https:\/\/www.derstandard.at\/story\/1397522175727\/geheimdienst-staat-tuerkei<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2020\/09\/turkey-austria-spy-nehammer-kurdish-clashes-protests-vienna.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/austria-turkey-espionage-int-idUSKBN25S4R5<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/10\/13\/world\/europe\/turkey-austria-erdogan-assassin.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/global-europe\/news\/flemish-minister-turkish-sponosred-mosque-is-nest-of-spies\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/07\/06\/influenced-by-gulenists-belgium-targets-turkish-mosques-fighting-extremism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/erdogan-critics-listed-by-turkish-embassy-in-prague-were-included-in-bogus-terrorism-probe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turk-greek-ties-strained-by-arson-row-10324<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-greece-germany-spying\/greek-police-arrest-german-on-suspicion-of-spying-idUSBRE97208820130803<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kathimerini.gr\/society\/896001\/istories-me-kataskopoys-sto-aigaio\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.larissanet.gr\/2019\/06\/21\/dikazetai-sti-rodo-kataskopos-tis-tourkias\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/ahvalnews.com\/mit\/turkish-intelligence-recruits-eu-retirees-spy-greece<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/04\/turkish-intelligence-operations-targeting-critics-in-greece-exposed-in-secret-documents\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/intelnews.org\/2016\/12\/09\/01-2023\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/more-secret-documents-confirming-vast-turkish-espionage-activities-in-greece-uncovered\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.skai.gr\/news\/greece\/dyo-syllipseis-ellinon-gia-kataskopeia-sti-rodo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-kosovo-security-turkey-idUSKBN1H70CC<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/opinion\/murat-yetkin\/turkish-intelligence-unveils-secret-codes-used-before-coup-attempt-103843<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2018\/09\/turkish-teachers-detained-moldova-gulen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/balkaninsight.com\/2018\/09\/06\/six-turkish-professors-detained-by-moldovan-secret-services-09-06-2018\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/turkeypurge.com\/turkey-spying-imams-active-also-in-norway<\/a> ; https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/turkeys-autocratic-president-erdogans-spying-profiling-expands-in-norway\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/kafila.org\/www-matthewaid-com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/report-sweden-launches-espionage-probe-into-turkish-govt-representatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/politics\/undiplomatic_swiss-eye-alleged-turkish-kidnapping-attempt\/43973170 ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/swiss-foreign-minister-warns-turkey-against-illegal-spying-111199 ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/eu-affairs\/2017\/05\/01\/as-anti-turkish-politics-grip-europe-turkish-swiss-policeman-arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-brings-key-feto-suspect-from-ukraine-to-turkey-134608<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.meforum.org\/60976\/turkish-spy-agency-mit-intelligence-gathering-australia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-court\/egypt-detains-29-people-on-suspicion-of-espionage-for-turkey-idUSKBN1DM1AN<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/33764\/In-Pictures-Egypt-foils-Turkish-espionage-attempt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-agency-brings-three-feto-members-from-gabon-to-turkey-130050<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/turkey\/turkish-intelligence-agency-rescues-a-kidnapped-italian-citizen-in-kenya-36192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20190807-libyan-national-army-turkish-intelligence-is-operating-in-tripoli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/11\/27\/senior-feto-figure-captured-by-turkish-intelligence-in-sudan\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

L'enqu\u00eate du parquet de Munich laisse un go\u00fbt un peu amer dans la bouche: comment est-il possible qu'une plainte de quatre ONG ait \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9cessaire pour enqu\u00eate ? Il est logique que le soup\u00e7on d'hypocrisie surgisse, surtout en sachant que les services secrets allemands (BND) avaient d\u00e9cern\u00e9 \u00e0 Stephan Oelkers de Gamma International les Big Brother Awards en 2012, car Gamma \u00e9tait \u00ab la meilleure entreprise au monde intrusion de syst\u00e8mes informatiques et installation de logiciels de surveillance<\/em> (...) Gamma propose ses services sur son site Internet \u2013 bien que le d\u00e9veloppement et la distribution de ce type de logiciel espion soient interdits par le droit p\u00e9nal allemand (Par. 282c StGB). Cependant, cela ne s'applique qu'aux clients priv\u00e9s, pas aux ventes aux autorit\u00e9s nationales ou \u00e0 la police secr\u00e8te d'une dictature \u00e9trang\u00e8re. C'est la raison pour laquelle le parquet de Munich a refus\u00e9 d'engager une proc\u00e9dure p\u00e9nale contre Gamma<\/em> \u00bb[77]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref : tout le monde savait tout, mais il y a huit ans, le procureur de Munich pensait que c'\u00e9tait une bagatelle tant que cette technologie monstrueuse \u00e9tait utilis\u00e9e par les dictatures pour opprimer leur propre peuple.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour \u00eatre pr\u00e9cis, nous en savons beaucoup sur les activit\u00e9s ill\u00e9gales de ce groupe depuis 1973 (lorsque les ordinateurs \u00e9taient des jouets et que l'espionnage consistait \u00e0 infiltrer des hommes louches dans des salles secr\u00e8tes \u00e0 l'aide d'un appareil microfilmant des documents interdits) de personnes dispers\u00e9es dans la campagne anglaise, dans le port de Hambourg, dans la capitale bavaroise ou dans les bidonvilles du Cap Town. L'histoire commence par un c\u00e2ble que l'ambassade am\u00e9ricaine \u00e0 Bonn a envoy\u00e9 aux autorit\u00e9s f\u00e9d\u00e9rales \u2013 un message signalant les activit\u00e9s suspectes d'un d\u00e9taillant d'\u00e9lectronique n\u00e9erlandais bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Hambourg, Peter Kluever[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La CIA d\u00e9cide d'investir dans cet homme, tout comme l'arm\u00e9e allemande. En 1981, ses deux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s PK Electronics et PKI Electronic Intelligence GmbH avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 des contrats avec le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. En 1983, le prince h\u00e9ritier d'Arabie saoudite, Abdullah Ibn Nasir IBn Abd al-Asis Al Sa'ud, visite Hambourg et les g\u00e9n\u00e9raux allemands lui montrent les effets de l'utilisation de la technologie Kluever sur l'efficacit\u00e9 et la cadence de tir des chars L\u00e9opard \u2013 qui le gouvernement de Moved Riyadh pour acqu\u00e9rir cette technologie[79]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 1987, Oelkers s'est envol\u00e9 pour P\u00e9kin pour une d\u00e9monstration de ses nouvelles puces et a ravi les g\u00e9n\u00e9raux chinois qui sont devenus une partie de sa client\u00e8le[80]<\/sup><\/a>. Dans le cadre des accords sign\u00e9s avec les \u00c9tats-Unis, \u00e0 partir de 1985, Kluever a vendu une technologie d'espionnage am\u00e9ricaine tr\u00e8s moderne (d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e par l'Ocean Applied Research Corporation \u00e0 San Diego[81]<\/sup><\/a> et distribu\u00e9e par le groupe CompuDyne Corporation en Pennsylvanie[82]<\/sup><\/a>) \u00e0 Muhammar Ghaddafi en Libye, \u00e0 Hafiz Al -Assad en Syrie, \u00e0 Haji Mohammad Suharto en Indon\u00e9sie \u2013 les trois pr\u00e9sidents l'utilisent pour intercepter les appels t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques et les \u00e9missions radio des opposants, des arm\u00e9es \u00e9trang\u00e8res et des groupes rebelles[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En vieillissant, Kluever vendra son entreprise (le PK Electronics Group \u00e0 Hambourg) \u00e0 deux ing\u00e9nieurs, l'Allemand Stephan Oelkers et l'Anglais William Louthean Nelson. Ce dernier avait commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 diriger le bureau de P\u00e9kin en 1985 et avait cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre soci\u00e9t\u00e9, Personal Protection Products Ltd. Hong Kong[84]<\/sup><\/a>, en 1992, qui jusqu'en 1994, via sa filiale de Hull[85]<\/sup><\/a>, vendait des dispositifs d'\u00e9coute utilis\u00e9s par les services secrets britanniques pour combattre l'IRA en Ulster[86]<\/sup><\/a>. Lorsque Kluever prendra sa retraite, PK Electronics sera transmis \u00e0 William Nelson et \u00e0 son fils Louthean John Alexander Nelson, les fondateurs du groupe Gamma International[87]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le sch\u00e9ma des participations du Groupe Gamma International ainsi que des personnes et soci\u00e9t\u00e9s associ\u00e9es \u2013 \u00a9 IBI World Ltd. London<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une nouvelle \u00e8re commence dans laquelle les anciennes \u00e9coutes t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques seront bient\u00f4t surmont\u00e9es et oubli\u00e9es. Le jeune Louthean commence \u00e0 travailler avec Niels J\u00f8rgen Tobiasen et ses deux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s : The CBRN Team Ltd. Londres[88]<\/sup><\/a> et The Phoenix Hazard Training Ltd. Darlington[89]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est une op\u00e9ration industrielle qui est n\u00e9e d'un contrat de fourniture d'armes chimiques, biologiques, radiologiques et nucl\u00e9aires \u00e0 l'Ouganda[90]<\/sup><\/a> qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9goci\u00e9 avec un membre du gouvernement, Ananias Tumukunde, qui avait accept\u00e9 un pot-de-vin de 40000 \u00a3[91]<\/sup><\/a>. Une op\u00e9ration qui s'est termin\u00e9e par l'arrestation de Tumukunde \u00e0 Kampala et de Tobiasen \u00e0 Londres en juillet 2007[92]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au cours de ces ann\u00e9es, Louthean Nelson a \u00e9galement tent\u00e9 de faciliter une collaboration avec l'\u00e9quipe de piratage de David Vincenzetti : avec l'un des meilleurs hackers du groupe milanais, Alberto Pelliccione, Nelson a essay\u00e9 apr\u00e8s un certain temps de trouver un syst\u00e8me pour pirater les appareils Nokia \u2013 mais Pelliccione change d\u2019avis quand il d\u00e9couvre que Nelson a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 livrer des armes aux pays touch\u00e9s par les sanctions internationales par l'interm\u00e9diaire d'une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qui a maintenant \u00e9t\u00e9 liquid\u00e9e, Cyan Engineering Services SAL Beirut[93]<\/sup><\/a>. Quelque chose avec lequel Pelliccione ne veut rien avoir \u00e0 voir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'entreprise suivante est peut-\u00eatre encore plus \u00e9tonnante : Nelson fonde Elaman et d\u00e9localise certaines activit\u00e9s en Suisse[94]<\/sup><\/a> parce qu'il fait de nouveau affaire avec l'ancien partenaire de son p\u00e8re, Stephan Oelkers. Oelkers a convaincu Nelson de d\u00e9placer son centre d'op\u00e9rations de Hambourg \u00e0 Munich et d'accepter un nouveau partenaire, Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt. Cela devrait travailler avec les services secrets autrichiens[95]<\/sup><\/a> et tenter de reprendre la station de Bad Aibling \u00e0 la NSA (American Military Intelligence)[96]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est une tentation imposante et extr\u00eamement symbolique : la station d'interception de Bad Aibling est n\u00e9e en 1936 comme a\u00e9roport militaire et centre radar de la Luftwaffe, et \u00e0 la fin de la guerre, l'arm\u00e9e am\u00e9ricaine l'a convertie en camp de transit pour les prisonniers de guerre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s et victimes des camps de concentration nationaux-socialistes. Un camp de concentration tr\u00e8s c\u00e9l\u00e8bre que les \u00e9crivains G\u00fcnther Grass et Joseph Ratzinger (le futur pape Beno\u00eet XVI)[97]<\/sup><\/a> ont travers\u00e9. De 1952 jusqu'\u00e0 la fermeture, demand\u00e9e par l'Union europ\u00e9enne en 2001 et r\u00e9alis\u00e9e en 2004 (officiellement, puisque l'installation \u00e9tait toujours en activit\u00e9 en 2013[98]<\/sup><\/a>), la NSA de Bad Aibling a assembl\u00e9 ses syst\u00e8mes Echelon[99]<\/sup><\/a> pour intercepter les communications t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques du plan\u00e8te enti\u00e8re[100]<\/sup><\/a>. La prise de contr\u00f4le de la station NSA aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 la cons\u00e9cration de Nelson et de ses employ\u00e9s \u00e0 une entreprise d'importance mondiale et au pouvoir presque illimit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les n\u00e9gociations n'\u00e9taient pas termin\u00e9es lorsque FinFisher a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 vendre son FinSpy \u00e0 la Turquie et le monde entier a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 voir le danger. Apr\u00e8s les recherches \u00e0 Munich, en Suisse et en Roumanie, Nelson a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 liquider toutes les entreprises le plus rapidement possible: certaines d'entre elles (Computplus Ltd., G2 Systems Ltd., Gamma 2000 Ltd., Gamma 2000 Waste Management Ltd., Gamma International (UK) Ltd.) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 liquid\u00e9s d\u00e9but f\u00e9vrier 2021 au moment de la r\u00e9daction de cet article[101]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'y a pas de retour en arri\u00e8re<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

14 avril 2007 : Plus d'un million de citoyens pacifiques protestent contre l'abolition de la libert\u00e9 et contre un r\u00e9gime qui a transform\u00e9 leur patrie en un enfer d'oppression, de violence et de mis\u00e8re. Une sc\u00e8ne d'humanit\u00e9 passionnante qui pourrait difficilement \u00eatre r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9e<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, cela ne change pas la substance des choses. Aujourd'hui, f\u00e9vrier 2021, le gouvernement et ses agences de renseignement dans au moins 40 pays \u00e0 travers le monde, dont la grande majorit\u00e9 est dirig\u00e9e par une dictature, ont entre les mains des logiciels qui vont non seulement au-del\u00e0 des sc\u00e9narios apocalyptiques d\u00e9crits par George Orwell, mais aussi du \"Br\u00e9sil<\/em>\" de Terry Gilliam : D\u00e9sormais, un r\u00e9gime n'a plus besoin de d\u00e9couvrir que quelqu'un pr\u00e9pare un complot pour les isoler, les torturer, les condamner et les exterminer. L'\u00c9tat peut cr\u00e9er des preuves d'un simple clic d'ordinateur, en utilisant un logiciel qui en un milli\u00e8me de seconde condamnera chacun de nous et impliquera chacun de nos proches dans notre destruction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 o\u00f9 l'ali\u00e9nation de l'individu du contexte commun a d\u00e9j\u00e0 atteint des proportions inqui\u00e9tantes, les logiciels d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s et vendus par une petite poign\u00e9e de criminels totalement inconnus du public ont permis \u00e0 l'humanit\u00e9 de s'engager sur un chemin de non-retour : celui o\u00f9 il n'y a plus rien de vrai et de v\u00e9rifiable dans lequel chacun de nous doit douter de qui est autour de nous, et m\u00eame (et plus encore) nous-m\u00eames.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La faiblesse et la superficialit\u00e9 avec lesquelles les gouvernements occidentaux (en particulier les \u00c9tats-Unis, l'Allemagne et le Royaume-Uni) ont permis \u00e0 ce logiciel d'\u00eatre distribu\u00e9 \u00e0 travers la plan\u00e8te pour des calculs purement \u00e9go\u00efstes sont impardonnables et le signe que 75 ans apr\u00e8s la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale , 30 ans apr\u00e8s la fin de la guerre froide, et la peur d'un conflit nucl\u00e9aire lorsque la nature se rebelle contre la mani\u00e8re insens\u00e9e dont nous la d\u00e9truisons, les gens ont franchi la limite ultime \u2013 ceux dans lesquels l'ennemi qui tue ne vient pas de l'ext\u00e9rieur, mais de l'int\u00e9rieur \u2013 et est inexorable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/65-in-yuzbinleri-6335051<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/6554851.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/laik-turkiye-icin-caglayan-a-6426626<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/3-miting-3-mesaj-6462629<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/izmir-rekor-bekliyor-6495436<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/turkey-used-german-spy-software-on-opposition-politicians-and-activists\/a-43787769<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/en\/content\/turkish-spy-networks-control-opponents<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-39416954<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.birgun.net\/haber\/iddia-pelikancilar-hakan-fidan-gitsin-diyor-283382<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trthaber.com\/haber\/gundem\/iletisim-baskanligi-berat-albayrakin-gorevden-af-talebi-kabul-edilmistir-529559.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/europe\/russia-accuses-president-erdogan-s-son-law-being-linked-isis-oil-trade-a6761436.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2016\/09\/turkey-redhackers-daunt-the-erdogan-family.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepressproject.gr\/exclusive-wikileaks-documents-relations-erdogan-isis-oil-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.duvarenglish.com\/sport\/2020\/02\/10\/politics-in-stadiums-fenerbahce-fans-urge-minister-albayrak-to-keep-hands-off-football<\/a> ; https:\/\/odatv4.com\/fenerbahceliler-damata-karsi-ayaga-kalkti-02022031.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Intelligence Online, \u201cHakan Fidan close to ministerial promotion<\/em>\u201d, see in 2020.11.18 Hakan Fidan Minister<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-launches-project-to-train-1-million-software-developers-154081<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> 2017.04.13 T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mill%C3%AE_%C4%B0stihbarat_Te%C5%9Fkil%C3%A2t%C4%B1#Leitung<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> Hakan Fidan on Nexis, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/t24.com.tr\/haber\/adanada-3-tir-durduruldu-arama-yapiliyor,248707<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> 1000 colpi di mortaio, 1000 colpi di artiglieria, 50\u2019000 fucili d'assalto e 30\u2019000 munizioni per mitragliatrice \u2013 see in https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529223636\/http:\/\/www.aktifhaber.com\/devlet-sirri-denilen-mit-tirlari-ile-ilgili-tapeler-1053377h.htm#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.haber7.com\/guncel\/haber\/1121773-mit-tirlari-neden-durduruldu ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aljazeera.com.tr\/haber\/mit-tirlari-boyle-durduruldu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/bianet.org\/bianet\/insan-haklari\/155519-tir-lari-durdurmakla-suclanan-13-askere-muebbet-istendi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milliyet.com.tr\/gundem\/mit-tirlari-olayinda-yeni-gelisme-5-savci-gorevden-uzaklastirildi-1999064<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/erdogandan-canli-yayinda-can-dundara-tehdit-288885<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.faz.net\/aktuell\/politik\/ausland\/europa\/tuerkei\/tuerkei-kampf-gegen-die-soldaten-des-lichts-12715816.html?printPagedArticle=true#pageIndex_3<\/a> ; https:\/\/taz.de\/Wie-Guelen-zum-Staatsfeind-Nr-1-wurde\/!5323191\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2021\/02\/03\/son-dakika-istihbarattaki-fetocu-generalden-bomba-itiraflar-tegmen-rutbemi-fetullah-gulen-takti<\/a> ; https:\/\/tr.sputniknews.com\/turkiye\/202001211041211454-sozcu-ilker-basbugu-cezaevine-attiran-feto-mektubunu-acikliyoruz\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.genios.de\/presse-archiv\/artikel\/FAZ\/20171111\/jagd-auf-die-guelenisten\/FR1201711115279571.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nadir.org\/nadir\/initiativ\/isku\/hintergrund\/geheimdienste\/geheim994.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/tuerkischer-geheimdienst-liess-erdogan-gegner-in-deutschland-ausspionieren\/12027820.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article157778863\/Erdogans-Agenten-bedrohen-Tuerken-in-Deutschland.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html ;  https:\/\/www.derstandard.at\/story\/1397522175727\/geheimdienst-staat-tuerkei<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2020\/09\/turkey-austria-spy-nehammer-kurdish-clashes-protests-vienna.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/austria-turkey-espionage-int-idUSKBN25S4R5<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/10\/13\/world\/europe\/turkey-austria-erdogan-assassin.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/global-europe\/news\/flemish-minister-turkish-sponosred-mosque-is-nest-of-spies\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/07\/06\/influenced-by-gulenists-belgium-targets-turkish-mosques-fighting-extremism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/erdogan-critics-listed-by-turkish-embassy-in-prague-were-included-in-bogus-terrorism-probe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turk-greek-ties-strained-by-arson-row-10324<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-greece-germany-spying\/greek-police-arrest-german-on-suspicion-of-spying-idUSBRE97208820130803<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kathimerini.gr\/society\/896001\/istories-me-kataskopoys-sto-aigaio\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.larissanet.gr\/2019\/06\/21\/dikazetai-sti-rodo-kataskopos-tis-tourkias\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/ahvalnews.com\/mit\/turkish-intelligence-recruits-eu-retirees-spy-greece<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/04\/turkish-intelligence-operations-targeting-critics-in-greece-exposed-in-secret-documents\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/intelnews.org\/2016\/12\/09\/01-2023\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/more-secret-documents-confirming-vast-turkish-espionage-activities-in-greece-uncovered\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.skai.gr\/news\/greece\/dyo-syllipseis-ellinon-gia-kataskopeia-sti-rodo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-kosovo-security-turkey-idUSKBN1H70CC<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/opinion\/murat-yetkin\/turkish-intelligence-unveils-secret-codes-used-before-coup-attempt-103843<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2018\/09\/turkish-teachers-detained-moldova-gulen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/balkaninsight.com\/2018\/09\/06\/six-turkish-professors-detained-by-moldovan-secret-services-09-06-2018\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/turkeypurge.com\/turkey-spying-imams-active-also-in-norway<\/a> ; https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/turkeys-autocratic-president-erdogans-spying-profiling-expands-in-norway\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/kafila.org\/www-matthewaid-com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/report-sweden-launches-espionage-probe-into-turkish-govt-representatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/politics\/undiplomatic_swiss-eye-alleged-turkish-kidnapping-attempt\/43973170 ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/swiss-foreign-minister-warns-turkey-against-illegal-spying-111199 ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/eu-affairs\/2017\/05\/01\/as-anti-turkish-politics-grip-europe-turkish-swiss-policeman-arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-brings-key-feto-suspect-from-ukraine-to-turkey-134608<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.meforum.org\/60976\/turkish-spy-agency-mit-intelligence-gathering-australia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-court\/egypt-detains-29-people-on-suspicion-of-espionage-for-turkey-idUSKBN1DM1AN<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/33764\/In-Pictures-Egypt-foils-Turkish-espionage-attempt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-agency-brings-three-feto-members-from-gabon-to-turkey-130050<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/turkey\/turkish-intelligence-agency-rescues-a-kidnapped-italian-citizen-in-kenya-36192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20190807-libyan-national-army-turkish-intelligence-is-operating-in-tripoli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/11\/27\/senior-feto-figure-captured-by-turkish-intelligence-in-sudan\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

En 2015, le Citizen Lab Institute de Toronto avait identifi\u00e9 35 pays qui utilisaient ill\u00e9galement les applications du groupe Gamma \/ FinFisher<\/sub><\/strong>[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enqu\u00eate du parquet de Munich laisse un go\u00fbt un peu amer dans la bouche: comment est-il possible qu'une plainte de quatre ONG ait \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9cessaire pour enqu\u00eate ? Il est logique que le soup\u00e7on d'hypocrisie surgisse, surtout en sachant que les services secrets allemands (BND) avaient d\u00e9cern\u00e9 \u00e0 Stephan Oelkers de Gamma International les Big Brother Awards en 2012, car Gamma \u00e9tait \u00ab la meilleure entreprise au monde intrusion de syst\u00e8mes informatiques et installation de logiciels de surveillance<\/em> (...) Gamma propose ses services sur son site Internet \u2013 bien que le d\u00e9veloppement et la distribution de ce type de logiciel espion soient interdits par le droit p\u00e9nal allemand (Par. 282c StGB). Cependant, cela ne s'applique qu'aux clients priv\u00e9s, pas aux ventes aux autorit\u00e9s nationales ou \u00e0 la police secr\u00e8te d'une dictature \u00e9trang\u00e8re. C'est la raison pour laquelle le parquet de Munich a refus\u00e9 d'engager une proc\u00e9dure p\u00e9nale contre Gamma<\/em> \u00bb[77]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref : tout le monde savait tout, mais il y a huit ans, le procureur de Munich pensait que c'\u00e9tait une bagatelle tant que cette technologie monstrueuse \u00e9tait utilis\u00e9e par les dictatures pour opprimer leur propre peuple.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour \u00eatre pr\u00e9cis, nous en savons beaucoup sur les activit\u00e9s ill\u00e9gales de ce groupe depuis 1973 (lorsque les ordinateurs \u00e9taient des jouets et que l'espionnage consistait \u00e0 infiltrer des hommes louches dans des salles secr\u00e8tes \u00e0 l'aide d'un appareil microfilmant des documents interdits) de personnes dispers\u00e9es dans la campagne anglaise, dans le port de Hambourg, dans la capitale bavaroise ou dans les bidonvilles du Cap Town. L'histoire commence par un c\u00e2ble que l'ambassade am\u00e9ricaine \u00e0 Bonn a envoy\u00e9 aux autorit\u00e9s f\u00e9d\u00e9rales \u2013 un message signalant les activit\u00e9s suspectes d'un d\u00e9taillant d'\u00e9lectronique n\u00e9erlandais bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Hambourg, Peter Kluever[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La CIA d\u00e9cide d'investir dans cet homme, tout comme l'arm\u00e9e allemande. En 1981, ses deux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s PK Electronics et PKI Electronic Intelligence GmbH avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 des contrats avec le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. En 1983, le prince h\u00e9ritier d'Arabie saoudite, Abdullah Ibn Nasir IBn Abd al-Asis Al Sa'ud, visite Hambourg et les g\u00e9n\u00e9raux allemands lui montrent les effets de l'utilisation de la technologie Kluever sur l'efficacit\u00e9 et la cadence de tir des chars L\u00e9opard \u2013 qui le gouvernement de Moved Riyadh pour acqu\u00e9rir cette technologie[79]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 1987, Oelkers s'est envol\u00e9 pour P\u00e9kin pour une d\u00e9monstration de ses nouvelles puces et a ravi les g\u00e9n\u00e9raux chinois qui sont devenus une partie de sa client\u00e8le[80]<\/sup><\/a>. Dans le cadre des accords sign\u00e9s avec les \u00c9tats-Unis, \u00e0 partir de 1985, Kluever a vendu une technologie d'espionnage am\u00e9ricaine tr\u00e8s moderne (d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e par l'Ocean Applied Research Corporation \u00e0 San Diego[81]<\/sup><\/a> et distribu\u00e9e par le groupe CompuDyne Corporation en Pennsylvanie[82]<\/sup><\/a>) \u00e0 Muhammar Ghaddafi en Libye, \u00e0 Hafiz Al -Assad en Syrie, \u00e0 Haji Mohammad Suharto en Indon\u00e9sie \u2013 les trois pr\u00e9sidents l'utilisent pour intercepter les appels t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques et les \u00e9missions radio des opposants, des arm\u00e9es \u00e9trang\u00e8res et des groupes rebelles[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En vieillissant, Kluever vendra son entreprise (le PK Electronics Group \u00e0 Hambourg) \u00e0 deux ing\u00e9nieurs, l'Allemand Stephan Oelkers et l'Anglais William Louthean Nelson. Ce dernier avait commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 diriger le bureau de P\u00e9kin en 1985 et avait cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre soci\u00e9t\u00e9, Personal Protection Products Ltd. Hong Kong[84]<\/sup><\/a>, en 1992, qui jusqu'en 1994, via sa filiale de Hull[85]<\/sup><\/a>, vendait des dispositifs d'\u00e9coute utilis\u00e9s par les services secrets britanniques pour combattre l'IRA en Ulster[86]<\/sup><\/a>. Lorsque Kluever prendra sa retraite, PK Electronics sera transmis \u00e0 William Nelson et \u00e0 son fils Louthean John Alexander Nelson, les fondateurs du groupe Gamma International[87]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le sch\u00e9ma des participations du Groupe Gamma International ainsi que des personnes et soci\u00e9t\u00e9s associ\u00e9es \u2013 \u00a9 IBI World Ltd. London<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une nouvelle \u00e8re commence dans laquelle les anciennes \u00e9coutes t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques seront bient\u00f4t surmont\u00e9es et oubli\u00e9es. Le jeune Louthean commence \u00e0 travailler avec Niels J\u00f8rgen Tobiasen et ses deux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s : The CBRN Team Ltd. Londres[88]<\/sup><\/a> et The Phoenix Hazard Training Ltd. Darlington[89]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est une op\u00e9ration industrielle qui est n\u00e9e d'un contrat de fourniture d'armes chimiques, biologiques, radiologiques et nucl\u00e9aires \u00e0 l'Ouganda[90]<\/sup><\/a> qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9goci\u00e9 avec un membre du gouvernement, Ananias Tumukunde, qui avait accept\u00e9 un pot-de-vin de 40000 \u00a3[91]<\/sup><\/a>. Une op\u00e9ration qui s'est termin\u00e9e par l'arrestation de Tumukunde \u00e0 Kampala et de Tobiasen \u00e0 Londres en juillet 2007[92]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au cours de ces ann\u00e9es, Louthean Nelson a \u00e9galement tent\u00e9 de faciliter une collaboration avec l'\u00e9quipe de piratage de David Vincenzetti : avec l'un des meilleurs hackers du groupe milanais, Alberto Pelliccione, Nelson a essay\u00e9 apr\u00e8s un certain temps de trouver un syst\u00e8me pour pirater les appareils Nokia \u2013 mais Pelliccione change d\u2019avis quand il d\u00e9couvre que Nelson a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 livrer des armes aux pays touch\u00e9s par les sanctions internationales par l'interm\u00e9diaire d'une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qui a maintenant \u00e9t\u00e9 liquid\u00e9e, Cyan Engineering Services SAL Beirut[93]<\/sup><\/a>. Quelque chose avec lequel Pelliccione ne veut rien avoir \u00e0 voir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'entreprise suivante est peut-\u00eatre encore plus \u00e9tonnante : Nelson fonde Elaman et d\u00e9localise certaines activit\u00e9s en Suisse[94]<\/sup><\/a> parce qu'il fait de nouveau affaire avec l'ancien partenaire de son p\u00e8re, Stephan Oelkers. Oelkers a convaincu Nelson de d\u00e9placer son centre d'op\u00e9rations de Hambourg \u00e0 Munich et d'accepter un nouveau partenaire, Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt. Cela devrait travailler avec les services secrets autrichiens[95]<\/sup><\/a> et tenter de reprendre la station de Bad Aibling \u00e0 la NSA (American Military Intelligence)[96]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est une tentation imposante et extr\u00eamement symbolique : la station d'interception de Bad Aibling est n\u00e9e en 1936 comme a\u00e9roport militaire et centre radar de la Luftwaffe, et \u00e0 la fin de la guerre, l'arm\u00e9e am\u00e9ricaine l'a convertie en camp de transit pour les prisonniers de guerre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s et victimes des camps de concentration nationaux-socialistes. Un camp de concentration tr\u00e8s c\u00e9l\u00e8bre que les \u00e9crivains G\u00fcnther Grass et Joseph Ratzinger (le futur pape Beno\u00eet XVI)[97]<\/sup><\/a> ont travers\u00e9. De 1952 jusqu'\u00e0 la fermeture, demand\u00e9e par l'Union europ\u00e9enne en 2001 et r\u00e9alis\u00e9e en 2004 (officiellement, puisque l'installation \u00e9tait toujours en activit\u00e9 en 2013[98]<\/sup><\/a>), la NSA de Bad Aibling a assembl\u00e9 ses syst\u00e8mes Echelon[99]<\/sup><\/a> pour intercepter les communications t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques du plan\u00e8te enti\u00e8re[100]<\/sup><\/a>. La prise de contr\u00f4le de la station NSA aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 la cons\u00e9cration de Nelson et de ses employ\u00e9s \u00e0 une entreprise d'importance mondiale et au pouvoir presque illimit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les n\u00e9gociations n'\u00e9taient pas termin\u00e9es lorsque FinFisher a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 vendre son FinSpy \u00e0 la Turquie et le monde entier a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 voir le danger. Apr\u00e8s les recherches \u00e0 Munich, en Suisse et en Roumanie, Nelson a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 liquider toutes les entreprises le plus rapidement possible: certaines d'entre elles (Computplus Ltd., G2 Systems Ltd., Gamma 2000 Ltd., Gamma 2000 Waste Management Ltd., Gamma International (UK) Ltd.) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 liquid\u00e9s d\u00e9but f\u00e9vrier 2021 au moment de la r\u00e9daction de cet article[101]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'y a pas de retour en arri\u00e8re<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

14 avril 2007 : Plus d'un million de citoyens pacifiques protestent contre l'abolition de la libert\u00e9 et contre un r\u00e9gime qui a transform\u00e9 leur patrie en un enfer d'oppression, de violence et de mis\u00e8re. Une sc\u00e8ne d'humanit\u00e9 passionnante qui pourrait difficilement \u00eatre r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9e<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, cela ne change pas la substance des choses. Aujourd'hui, f\u00e9vrier 2021, le gouvernement et ses agences de renseignement dans au moins 40 pays \u00e0 travers le monde, dont la grande majorit\u00e9 est dirig\u00e9e par une dictature, ont entre les mains des logiciels qui vont non seulement au-del\u00e0 des sc\u00e9narios apocalyptiques d\u00e9crits par George Orwell, mais aussi du \"Br\u00e9sil<\/em>\" de Terry Gilliam : D\u00e9sormais, un r\u00e9gime n'a plus besoin de d\u00e9couvrir que quelqu'un pr\u00e9pare un complot pour les isoler, les torturer, les condamner et les exterminer. L'\u00c9tat peut cr\u00e9er des preuves d'un simple clic d'ordinateur, en utilisant un logiciel qui en un milli\u00e8me de seconde condamnera chacun de nous et impliquera chacun de nos proches dans notre destruction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 o\u00f9 l'ali\u00e9nation de l'individu du contexte commun a d\u00e9j\u00e0 atteint des proportions inqui\u00e9tantes, les logiciels d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s et vendus par une petite poign\u00e9e de criminels totalement inconnus du public ont permis \u00e0 l'humanit\u00e9 de s'engager sur un chemin de non-retour : celui o\u00f9 il n'y a plus rien de vrai et de v\u00e9rifiable dans lequel chacun de nous doit douter de qui est autour de nous, et m\u00eame (et plus encore) nous-m\u00eames.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La faiblesse et la superficialit\u00e9 avec lesquelles les gouvernements occidentaux (en particulier les \u00c9tats-Unis, l'Allemagne et le Royaume-Uni) ont permis \u00e0 ce logiciel d'\u00eatre distribu\u00e9 \u00e0 travers la plan\u00e8te pour des calculs purement \u00e9go\u00efstes sont impardonnables et le signe que 75 ans apr\u00e8s la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale , 30 ans apr\u00e8s la fin de la guerre froide, et la peur d'un conflit nucl\u00e9aire lorsque la nature se rebelle contre la mani\u00e8re insens\u00e9e dont nous la d\u00e9truisons, les gens ont franchi la limite ultime \u2013 ceux dans lesquels l'ennemi qui tue ne vient pas de l'ext\u00e9rieur, mais de l'int\u00e9rieur \u2013 et est inexorable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/65-in-yuzbinleri-6335051<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/6554851.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/laik-turkiye-icin-caglayan-a-6426626<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/3-miting-3-mesaj-6462629<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/izmir-rekor-bekliyor-6495436<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/turkey-used-german-spy-software-on-opposition-politicians-and-activists\/a-43787769<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/en\/content\/turkish-spy-networks-control-opponents<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-39416954<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.birgun.net\/haber\/iddia-pelikancilar-hakan-fidan-gitsin-diyor-283382<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trthaber.com\/haber\/gundem\/iletisim-baskanligi-berat-albayrakin-gorevden-af-talebi-kabul-edilmistir-529559.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/europe\/russia-accuses-president-erdogan-s-son-law-being-linked-isis-oil-trade-a6761436.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2016\/09\/turkey-redhackers-daunt-the-erdogan-family.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepressproject.gr\/exclusive-wikileaks-documents-relations-erdogan-isis-oil-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.duvarenglish.com\/sport\/2020\/02\/10\/politics-in-stadiums-fenerbahce-fans-urge-minister-albayrak-to-keep-hands-off-football<\/a> ; https:\/\/odatv4.com\/fenerbahceliler-damata-karsi-ayaga-kalkti-02022031.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Intelligence Online, \u201cHakan Fidan close to ministerial promotion<\/em>\u201d, see in 2020.11.18 Hakan Fidan Minister<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-launches-project-to-train-1-million-software-developers-154081<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> 2017.04.13 T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mill%C3%AE_%C4%B0stihbarat_Te%C5%9Fkil%C3%A2t%C4%B1#Leitung<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> Hakan Fidan on Nexis, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/t24.com.tr\/haber\/adanada-3-tir-durduruldu-arama-yapiliyor,248707<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> 1000 colpi di mortaio, 1000 colpi di artiglieria, 50\u2019000 fucili d'assalto e 30\u2019000 munizioni per mitragliatrice \u2013 see in https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529223636\/http:\/\/www.aktifhaber.com\/devlet-sirri-denilen-mit-tirlari-ile-ilgili-tapeler-1053377h.htm#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.haber7.com\/guncel\/haber\/1121773-mit-tirlari-neden-durduruldu ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aljazeera.com.tr\/haber\/mit-tirlari-boyle-durduruldu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/bianet.org\/bianet\/insan-haklari\/155519-tir-lari-durdurmakla-suclanan-13-askere-muebbet-istendi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milliyet.com.tr\/gundem\/mit-tirlari-olayinda-yeni-gelisme-5-savci-gorevden-uzaklastirildi-1999064<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/erdogandan-canli-yayinda-can-dundara-tehdit-288885<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.faz.net\/aktuell\/politik\/ausland\/europa\/tuerkei\/tuerkei-kampf-gegen-die-soldaten-des-lichts-12715816.html?printPagedArticle=true#pageIndex_3<\/a> ; https:\/\/taz.de\/Wie-Guelen-zum-Staatsfeind-Nr-1-wurde\/!5323191\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2021\/02\/03\/son-dakika-istihbarattaki-fetocu-generalden-bomba-itiraflar-tegmen-rutbemi-fetullah-gulen-takti<\/a> ; https:\/\/tr.sputniknews.com\/turkiye\/202001211041211454-sozcu-ilker-basbugu-cezaevine-attiran-feto-mektubunu-acikliyoruz\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.genios.de\/presse-archiv\/artikel\/FAZ\/20171111\/jagd-auf-die-guelenisten\/FR1201711115279571.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nadir.org\/nadir\/initiativ\/isku\/hintergrund\/geheimdienste\/geheim994.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/tuerkischer-geheimdienst-liess-erdogan-gegner-in-deutschland-ausspionieren\/12027820.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article157778863\/Erdogans-Agenten-bedrohen-Tuerken-in-Deutschland.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html ;  https:\/\/www.derstandard.at\/story\/1397522175727\/geheimdienst-staat-tuerkei<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2020\/09\/turkey-austria-spy-nehammer-kurdish-clashes-protests-vienna.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/austria-turkey-espionage-int-idUSKBN25S4R5<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/10\/13\/world\/europe\/turkey-austria-erdogan-assassin.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/global-europe\/news\/flemish-minister-turkish-sponosred-mosque-is-nest-of-spies\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/07\/06\/influenced-by-gulenists-belgium-targets-turkish-mosques-fighting-extremism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/erdogan-critics-listed-by-turkish-embassy-in-prague-were-included-in-bogus-terrorism-probe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turk-greek-ties-strained-by-arson-row-10324<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-greece-germany-spying\/greek-police-arrest-german-on-suspicion-of-spying-idUSBRE97208820130803<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kathimerini.gr\/society\/896001\/istories-me-kataskopoys-sto-aigaio\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.larissanet.gr\/2019\/06\/21\/dikazetai-sti-rodo-kataskopos-tis-tourkias\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/ahvalnews.com\/mit\/turkish-intelligence-recruits-eu-retirees-spy-greece<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/04\/turkish-intelligence-operations-targeting-critics-in-greece-exposed-in-secret-documents\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/intelnews.org\/2016\/12\/09\/01-2023\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/more-secret-documents-confirming-vast-turkish-espionage-activities-in-greece-uncovered\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.skai.gr\/news\/greece\/dyo-syllipseis-ellinon-gia-kataskopeia-sti-rodo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-kosovo-security-turkey-idUSKBN1H70CC<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/opinion\/murat-yetkin\/turkish-intelligence-unveils-secret-codes-used-before-coup-attempt-103843<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2018\/09\/turkish-teachers-detained-moldova-gulen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/balkaninsight.com\/2018\/09\/06\/six-turkish-professors-detained-by-moldovan-secret-services-09-06-2018\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/turkeypurge.com\/turkey-spying-imams-active-also-in-norway<\/a> ; https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/turkeys-autocratic-president-erdogans-spying-profiling-expands-in-norway\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/kafila.org\/www-matthewaid-com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/report-sweden-launches-espionage-probe-into-turkish-govt-representatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/politics\/undiplomatic_swiss-eye-alleged-turkish-kidnapping-attempt\/43973170 ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/swiss-foreign-minister-warns-turkey-against-illegal-spying-111199 ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/eu-affairs\/2017\/05\/01\/as-anti-turkish-politics-grip-europe-turkish-swiss-policeman-arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-brings-key-feto-suspect-from-ukraine-to-turkey-134608<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.meforum.org\/60976\/turkish-spy-agency-mit-intelligence-gathering-australia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-court\/egypt-detains-29-people-on-suspicion-of-espionage-for-turkey-idUSKBN1DM1AN<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/33764\/In-Pictures-Egypt-foils-Turkish-espionage-attempt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-agency-brings-three-feto-members-from-gabon-to-turkey-130050<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/turkey\/turkish-intelligence-agency-rescues-a-kidnapped-italian-citizen-in-kenya-36192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20190807-libyan-national-army-turkish-intelligence-is-operating-in-tripoli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/11\/27\/senior-feto-figure-captured-by-turkish-intelligence-in-sudan\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

En 2015, le Citizen Lab Institute de Toronto avait identifi\u00e9 35 pays qui utilisaient ill\u00e9galement les applications du groupe Gamma \/ FinFisher<\/sub><\/strong>[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enqu\u00eate du parquet de Munich laisse un go\u00fbt un peu amer dans la bouche: comment est-il possible qu'une plainte de quatre ONG ait \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9cessaire pour enqu\u00eate ? Il est logique que le soup\u00e7on d'hypocrisie surgisse, surtout en sachant que les services secrets allemands (BND) avaient d\u00e9cern\u00e9 \u00e0 Stephan Oelkers de Gamma International les Big Brother Awards en 2012, car Gamma \u00e9tait \u00ab la meilleure entreprise au monde intrusion de syst\u00e8mes informatiques et installation de logiciels de surveillance<\/em> (...) Gamma propose ses services sur son site Internet \u2013 bien que le d\u00e9veloppement et la distribution de ce type de logiciel espion soient interdits par le droit p\u00e9nal allemand (Par. 282c StGB). Cependant, cela ne s'applique qu'aux clients priv\u00e9s, pas aux ventes aux autorit\u00e9s nationales ou \u00e0 la police secr\u00e8te d'une dictature \u00e9trang\u00e8re. C'est la raison pour laquelle le parquet de Munich a refus\u00e9 d'engager une proc\u00e9dure p\u00e9nale contre Gamma<\/em> \u00bb[77]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref : tout le monde savait tout, mais il y a huit ans, le procureur de Munich pensait que c'\u00e9tait une bagatelle tant que cette technologie monstrueuse \u00e9tait utilis\u00e9e par les dictatures pour opprimer leur propre peuple.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour \u00eatre pr\u00e9cis, nous en savons beaucoup sur les activit\u00e9s ill\u00e9gales de ce groupe depuis 1973 (lorsque les ordinateurs \u00e9taient des jouets et que l'espionnage consistait \u00e0 infiltrer des hommes louches dans des salles secr\u00e8tes \u00e0 l'aide d'un appareil microfilmant des documents interdits) de personnes dispers\u00e9es dans la campagne anglaise, dans le port de Hambourg, dans la capitale bavaroise ou dans les bidonvilles du Cap Town. L'histoire commence par un c\u00e2ble que l'ambassade am\u00e9ricaine \u00e0 Bonn a envoy\u00e9 aux autorit\u00e9s f\u00e9d\u00e9rales \u2013 un message signalant les activit\u00e9s suspectes d'un d\u00e9taillant d'\u00e9lectronique n\u00e9erlandais bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Hambourg, Peter Kluever[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La CIA d\u00e9cide d'investir dans cet homme, tout comme l'arm\u00e9e allemande. En 1981, ses deux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s PK Electronics et PKI Electronic Intelligence GmbH avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 des contrats avec le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. En 1983, le prince h\u00e9ritier d'Arabie saoudite, Abdullah Ibn Nasir IBn Abd al-Asis Al Sa'ud, visite Hambourg et les g\u00e9n\u00e9raux allemands lui montrent les effets de l'utilisation de la technologie Kluever sur l'efficacit\u00e9 et la cadence de tir des chars L\u00e9opard \u2013 qui le gouvernement de Moved Riyadh pour acqu\u00e9rir cette technologie[79]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 1987, Oelkers s'est envol\u00e9 pour P\u00e9kin pour une d\u00e9monstration de ses nouvelles puces et a ravi les g\u00e9n\u00e9raux chinois qui sont devenus une partie de sa client\u00e8le[80]<\/sup><\/a>. Dans le cadre des accords sign\u00e9s avec les \u00c9tats-Unis, \u00e0 partir de 1985, Kluever a vendu une technologie d'espionnage am\u00e9ricaine tr\u00e8s moderne (d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e par l'Ocean Applied Research Corporation \u00e0 San Diego[81]<\/sup><\/a> et distribu\u00e9e par le groupe CompuDyne Corporation en Pennsylvanie[82]<\/sup><\/a>) \u00e0 Muhammar Ghaddafi en Libye, \u00e0 Hafiz Al -Assad en Syrie, \u00e0 Haji Mohammad Suharto en Indon\u00e9sie \u2013 les trois pr\u00e9sidents l'utilisent pour intercepter les appels t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques et les \u00e9missions radio des opposants, des arm\u00e9es \u00e9trang\u00e8res et des groupes rebelles[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En vieillissant, Kluever vendra son entreprise (le PK Electronics Group \u00e0 Hambourg) \u00e0 deux ing\u00e9nieurs, l'Allemand Stephan Oelkers et l'Anglais William Louthean Nelson. Ce dernier avait commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 diriger le bureau de P\u00e9kin en 1985 et avait cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre soci\u00e9t\u00e9, Personal Protection Products Ltd. Hong Kong[84]<\/sup><\/a>, en 1992, qui jusqu'en 1994, via sa filiale de Hull[85]<\/sup><\/a>, vendait des dispositifs d'\u00e9coute utilis\u00e9s par les services secrets britanniques pour combattre l'IRA en Ulster[86]<\/sup><\/a>. Lorsque Kluever prendra sa retraite, PK Electronics sera transmis \u00e0 William Nelson et \u00e0 son fils Louthean John Alexander Nelson, les fondateurs du groupe Gamma International[87]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le sch\u00e9ma des participations du Groupe Gamma International ainsi que des personnes et soci\u00e9t\u00e9s associ\u00e9es \u2013 \u00a9 IBI World Ltd. London<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une nouvelle \u00e8re commence dans laquelle les anciennes \u00e9coutes t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques seront bient\u00f4t surmont\u00e9es et oubli\u00e9es. Le jeune Louthean commence \u00e0 travailler avec Niels J\u00f8rgen Tobiasen et ses deux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s : The CBRN Team Ltd. Londres[88]<\/sup><\/a> et The Phoenix Hazard Training Ltd. Darlington[89]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est une op\u00e9ration industrielle qui est n\u00e9e d'un contrat de fourniture d'armes chimiques, biologiques, radiologiques et nucl\u00e9aires \u00e0 l'Ouganda[90]<\/sup><\/a> qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9goci\u00e9 avec un membre du gouvernement, Ananias Tumukunde, qui avait accept\u00e9 un pot-de-vin de 40000 \u00a3[91]<\/sup><\/a>. Une op\u00e9ration qui s'est termin\u00e9e par l'arrestation de Tumukunde \u00e0 Kampala et de Tobiasen \u00e0 Londres en juillet 2007[92]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au cours de ces ann\u00e9es, Louthean Nelson a \u00e9galement tent\u00e9 de faciliter une collaboration avec l'\u00e9quipe de piratage de David Vincenzetti : avec l'un des meilleurs hackers du groupe milanais, Alberto Pelliccione, Nelson a essay\u00e9 apr\u00e8s un certain temps de trouver un syst\u00e8me pour pirater les appareils Nokia \u2013 mais Pelliccione change d\u2019avis quand il d\u00e9couvre que Nelson a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 livrer des armes aux pays touch\u00e9s par les sanctions internationales par l'interm\u00e9diaire d'une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qui a maintenant \u00e9t\u00e9 liquid\u00e9e, Cyan Engineering Services SAL Beirut[93]<\/sup><\/a>. Quelque chose avec lequel Pelliccione ne veut rien avoir \u00e0 voir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'entreprise suivante est peut-\u00eatre encore plus \u00e9tonnante : Nelson fonde Elaman et d\u00e9localise certaines activit\u00e9s en Suisse[94]<\/sup><\/a> parce qu'il fait de nouveau affaire avec l'ancien partenaire de son p\u00e8re, Stephan Oelkers. Oelkers a convaincu Nelson de d\u00e9placer son centre d'op\u00e9rations de Hambourg \u00e0 Munich et d'accepter un nouveau partenaire, Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt. Cela devrait travailler avec les services secrets autrichiens[95]<\/sup><\/a> et tenter de reprendre la station de Bad Aibling \u00e0 la NSA (American Military Intelligence)[96]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est une tentation imposante et extr\u00eamement symbolique : la station d'interception de Bad Aibling est n\u00e9e en 1936 comme a\u00e9roport militaire et centre radar de la Luftwaffe, et \u00e0 la fin de la guerre, l'arm\u00e9e am\u00e9ricaine l'a convertie en camp de transit pour les prisonniers de guerre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s et victimes des camps de concentration nationaux-socialistes. Un camp de concentration tr\u00e8s c\u00e9l\u00e8bre que les \u00e9crivains G\u00fcnther Grass et Joseph Ratzinger (le futur pape Beno\u00eet XVI)[97]<\/sup><\/a> ont travers\u00e9. De 1952 jusqu'\u00e0 la fermeture, demand\u00e9e par l'Union europ\u00e9enne en 2001 et r\u00e9alis\u00e9e en 2004 (officiellement, puisque l'installation \u00e9tait toujours en activit\u00e9 en 2013[98]<\/sup><\/a>), la NSA de Bad Aibling a assembl\u00e9 ses syst\u00e8mes Echelon[99]<\/sup><\/a> pour intercepter les communications t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques du plan\u00e8te enti\u00e8re[100]<\/sup><\/a>. La prise de contr\u00f4le de la station NSA aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 la cons\u00e9cration de Nelson et de ses employ\u00e9s \u00e0 une entreprise d'importance mondiale et au pouvoir presque illimit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les n\u00e9gociations n'\u00e9taient pas termin\u00e9es lorsque FinFisher a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 vendre son FinSpy \u00e0 la Turquie et le monde entier a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 voir le danger. Apr\u00e8s les recherches \u00e0 Munich, en Suisse et en Roumanie, Nelson a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 liquider toutes les entreprises le plus rapidement possible: certaines d'entre elles (Computplus Ltd., G2 Systems Ltd., Gamma 2000 Ltd., Gamma 2000 Waste Management Ltd., Gamma International (UK) Ltd.) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 liquid\u00e9s d\u00e9but f\u00e9vrier 2021 au moment de la r\u00e9daction de cet article[101]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'y a pas de retour en arri\u00e8re<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

14 avril 2007 : Plus d'un million de citoyens pacifiques protestent contre l'abolition de la libert\u00e9 et contre un r\u00e9gime qui a transform\u00e9 leur patrie en un enfer d'oppression, de violence et de mis\u00e8re. Une sc\u00e8ne d'humanit\u00e9 passionnante qui pourrait difficilement \u00eatre r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9e<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, cela ne change pas la substance des choses. Aujourd'hui, f\u00e9vrier 2021, le gouvernement et ses agences de renseignement dans au moins 40 pays \u00e0 travers le monde, dont la grande majorit\u00e9 est dirig\u00e9e par une dictature, ont entre les mains des logiciels qui vont non seulement au-del\u00e0 des sc\u00e9narios apocalyptiques d\u00e9crits par George Orwell, mais aussi du \"Br\u00e9sil<\/em>\" de Terry Gilliam : D\u00e9sormais, un r\u00e9gime n'a plus besoin de d\u00e9couvrir que quelqu'un pr\u00e9pare un complot pour les isoler, les torturer, les condamner et les exterminer. L'\u00c9tat peut cr\u00e9er des preuves d'un simple clic d'ordinateur, en utilisant un logiciel qui en un milli\u00e8me de seconde condamnera chacun de nous et impliquera chacun de nos proches dans notre destruction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 o\u00f9 l'ali\u00e9nation de l'individu du contexte commun a d\u00e9j\u00e0 atteint des proportions inqui\u00e9tantes, les logiciels d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s et vendus par une petite poign\u00e9e de criminels totalement inconnus du public ont permis \u00e0 l'humanit\u00e9 de s'engager sur un chemin de non-retour : celui o\u00f9 il n'y a plus rien de vrai et de v\u00e9rifiable dans lequel chacun de nous doit douter de qui est autour de nous, et m\u00eame (et plus encore) nous-m\u00eames.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La faiblesse et la superficialit\u00e9 avec lesquelles les gouvernements occidentaux (en particulier les \u00c9tats-Unis, l'Allemagne et le Royaume-Uni) ont permis \u00e0 ce logiciel d'\u00eatre distribu\u00e9 \u00e0 travers la plan\u00e8te pour des calculs purement \u00e9go\u00efstes sont impardonnables et le signe que 75 ans apr\u00e8s la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale , 30 ans apr\u00e8s la fin de la guerre froide, et la peur d'un conflit nucl\u00e9aire lorsque la nature se rebelle contre la mani\u00e8re insens\u00e9e dont nous la d\u00e9truisons, les gens ont franchi la limite ultime \u2013 ceux dans lesquels l'ennemi qui tue ne vient pas de l'ext\u00e9rieur, mais de l'int\u00e9rieur \u2013 et est inexorable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/65-in-yuzbinleri-6335051<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/6554851.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/laik-turkiye-icin-caglayan-a-6426626<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/3-miting-3-mesaj-6462629<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/izmir-rekor-bekliyor-6495436<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/turkey-used-german-spy-software-on-opposition-politicians-and-activists\/a-43787769<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/en\/content\/turkish-spy-networks-control-opponents<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-39416954<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.birgun.net\/haber\/iddia-pelikancilar-hakan-fidan-gitsin-diyor-283382<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trthaber.com\/haber\/gundem\/iletisim-baskanligi-berat-albayrakin-gorevden-af-talebi-kabul-edilmistir-529559.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/europe\/russia-accuses-president-erdogan-s-son-law-being-linked-isis-oil-trade-a6761436.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2016\/09\/turkey-redhackers-daunt-the-erdogan-family.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepressproject.gr\/exclusive-wikileaks-documents-relations-erdogan-isis-oil-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.duvarenglish.com\/sport\/2020\/02\/10\/politics-in-stadiums-fenerbahce-fans-urge-minister-albayrak-to-keep-hands-off-football<\/a> ; https:\/\/odatv4.com\/fenerbahceliler-damata-karsi-ayaga-kalkti-02022031.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Intelligence Online, \u201cHakan Fidan close to ministerial promotion<\/em>\u201d, see in 2020.11.18 Hakan Fidan Minister<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-launches-project-to-train-1-million-software-developers-154081<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> 2017.04.13 T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mill%C3%AE_%C4%B0stihbarat_Te%C5%9Fkil%C3%A2t%C4%B1#Leitung<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> Hakan Fidan on Nexis, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/t24.com.tr\/haber\/adanada-3-tir-durduruldu-arama-yapiliyor,248707<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> 1000 colpi di mortaio, 1000 colpi di artiglieria, 50\u2019000 fucili d'assalto e 30\u2019000 munizioni per mitragliatrice \u2013 see in https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529223636\/http:\/\/www.aktifhaber.com\/devlet-sirri-denilen-mit-tirlari-ile-ilgili-tapeler-1053377h.htm#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.haber7.com\/guncel\/haber\/1121773-mit-tirlari-neden-durduruldu ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aljazeera.com.tr\/haber\/mit-tirlari-boyle-durduruldu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/bianet.org\/bianet\/insan-haklari\/155519-tir-lari-durdurmakla-suclanan-13-askere-muebbet-istendi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milliyet.com.tr\/gundem\/mit-tirlari-olayinda-yeni-gelisme-5-savci-gorevden-uzaklastirildi-1999064<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/erdogandan-canli-yayinda-can-dundara-tehdit-288885<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.faz.net\/aktuell\/politik\/ausland\/europa\/tuerkei\/tuerkei-kampf-gegen-die-soldaten-des-lichts-12715816.html?printPagedArticle=true#pageIndex_3<\/a> ; https:\/\/taz.de\/Wie-Guelen-zum-Staatsfeind-Nr-1-wurde\/!5323191\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2021\/02\/03\/son-dakika-istihbarattaki-fetocu-generalden-bomba-itiraflar-tegmen-rutbemi-fetullah-gulen-takti<\/a> ; https:\/\/tr.sputniknews.com\/turkiye\/202001211041211454-sozcu-ilker-basbugu-cezaevine-attiran-feto-mektubunu-acikliyoruz\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.genios.de\/presse-archiv\/artikel\/FAZ\/20171111\/jagd-auf-die-guelenisten\/FR1201711115279571.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nadir.org\/nadir\/initiativ\/isku\/hintergrund\/geheimdienste\/geheim994.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/tuerkischer-geheimdienst-liess-erdogan-gegner-in-deutschland-ausspionieren\/12027820.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article157778863\/Erdogans-Agenten-bedrohen-Tuerken-in-Deutschland.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html ;  https:\/\/www.derstandard.at\/story\/1397522175727\/geheimdienst-staat-tuerkei<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2020\/09\/turkey-austria-spy-nehammer-kurdish-clashes-protests-vienna.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/austria-turkey-espionage-int-idUSKBN25S4R5<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/10\/13\/world\/europe\/turkey-austria-erdogan-assassin.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/global-europe\/news\/flemish-minister-turkish-sponosred-mosque-is-nest-of-spies\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/07\/06\/influenced-by-gulenists-belgium-targets-turkish-mosques-fighting-extremism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/erdogan-critics-listed-by-turkish-embassy-in-prague-were-included-in-bogus-terrorism-probe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turk-greek-ties-strained-by-arson-row-10324<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-greece-germany-spying\/greek-police-arrest-german-on-suspicion-of-spying-idUSBRE97208820130803<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kathimerini.gr\/society\/896001\/istories-me-kataskopoys-sto-aigaio\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.larissanet.gr\/2019\/06\/21\/dikazetai-sti-rodo-kataskopos-tis-tourkias\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/ahvalnews.com\/mit\/turkish-intelligence-recruits-eu-retirees-spy-greece<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/04\/turkish-intelligence-operations-targeting-critics-in-greece-exposed-in-secret-documents\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/intelnews.org\/2016\/12\/09\/01-2023\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/more-secret-documents-confirming-vast-turkish-espionage-activities-in-greece-uncovered\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.skai.gr\/news\/greece\/dyo-syllipseis-ellinon-gia-kataskopeia-sti-rodo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-kosovo-security-turkey-idUSKBN1H70CC<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/opinion\/murat-yetkin\/turkish-intelligence-unveils-secret-codes-used-before-coup-attempt-103843<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2018\/09\/turkish-teachers-detained-moldova-gulen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/balkaninsight.com\/2018\/09\/06\/six-turkish-professors-detained-by-moldovan-secret-services-09-06-2018\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/turkeypurge.com\/turkey-spying-imams-active-also-in-norway<\/a> ; https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/turkeys-autocratic-president-erdogans-spying-profiling-expands-in-norway\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/kafila.org\/www-matthewaid-com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/report-sweden-launches-espionage-probe-into-turkish-govt-representatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/politics\/undiplomatic_swiss-eye-alleged-turkish-kidnapping-attempt\/43973170 ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/swiss-foreign-minister-warns-turkey-against-illegal-spying-111199 ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/eu-affairs\/2017\/05\/01\/as-anti-turkish-politics-grip-europe-turkish-swiss-policeman-arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-brings-key-feto-suspect-from-ukraine-to-turkey-134608<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.meforum.org\/60976\/turkish-spy-agency-mit-intelligence-gathering-australia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-court\/egypt-detains-29-people-on-suspicion-of-espionage-for-turkey-idUSKBN1DM1AN<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/33764\/In-Pictures-Egypt-foils-Turkish-espionage-attempt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-agency-brings-three-feto-members-from-gabon-to-turkey-130050<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/turkey\/turkish-intelligence-agency-rescues-a-kidnapped-italian-citizen-in-kenya-36192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20190807-libyan-national-army-turkish-intelligence-is-operating-in-tripoli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/11\/27\/senior-feto-figure-captured-by-turkish-intelligence-in-sudan\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re les poup\u00e9es Matriochka?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

En 2015, le Citizen Lab Institute de Toronto avait identifi\u00e9 35 pays qui utilisaient ill\u00e9galement les applications du groupe Gamma \/ FinFisher<\/sub><\/strong>[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enqu\u00eate du parquet de Munich laisse un go\u00fbt un peu amer dans la bouche: comment est-il possible qu'une plainte de quatre ONG ait \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9cessaire pour enqu\u00eate ? Il est logique que le soup\u00e7on d'hypocrisie surgisse, surtout en sachant que les services secrets allemands (BND) avaient d\u00e9cern\u00e9 \u00e0 Stephan Oelkers de Gamma International les Big Brother Awards en 2012, car Gamma \u00e9tait \u00ab la meilleure entreprise au monde intrusion de syst\u00e8mes informatiques et installation de logiciels de surveillance<\/em> (...) Gamma propose ses services sur son site Internet \u2013 bien que le d\u00e9veloppement et la distribution de ce type de logiciel espion soient interdits par le droit p\u00e9nal allemand (Par. 282c StGB). Cependant, cela ne s'applique qu'aux clients priv\u00e9s, pas aux ventes aux autorit\u00e9s nationales ou \u00e0 la police secr\u00e8te d'une dictature \u00e9trang\u00e8re. C'est la raison pour laquelle le parquet de Munich a refus\u00e9 d'engager une proc\u00e9dure p\u00e9nale contre Gamma<\/em> \u00bb[77]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref : tout le monde savait tout, mais il y a huit ans, le procureur de Munich pensait que c'\u00e9tait une bagatelle tant que cette technologie monstrueuse \u00e9tait utilis\u00e9e par les dictatures pour opprimer leur propre peuple.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour \u00eatre pr\u00e9cis, nous en savons beaucoup sur les activit\u00e9s ill\u00e9gales de ce groupe depuis 1973 (lorsque les ordinateurs \u00e9taient des jouets et que l'espionnage consistait \u00e0 infiltrer des hommes louches dans des salles secr\u00e8tes \u00e0 l'aide d'un appareil microfilmant des documents interdits) de personnes dispers\u00e9es dans la campagne anglaise, dans le port de Hambourg, dans la capitale bavaroise ou dans les bidonvilles du Cap Town. L'histoire commence par un c\u00e2ble que l'ambassade am\u00e9ricaine \u00e0 Bonn a envoy\u00e9 aux autorit\u00e9s f\u00e9d\u00e9rales \u2013 un message signalant les activit\u00e9s suspectes d'un d\u00e9taillant d'\u00e9lectronique n\u00e9erlandais bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Hambourg, Peter Kluever[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La CIA d\u00e9cide d'investir dans cet homme, tout comme l'arm\u00e9e allemande. En 1981, ses deux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s PK Electronics et PKI Electronic Intelligence GmbH avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 des contrats avec le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. En 1983, le prince h\u00e9ritier d'Arabie saoudite, Abdullah Ibn Nasir IBn Abd al-Asis Al Sa'ud, visite Hambourg et les g\u00e9n\u00e9raux allemands lui montrent les effets de l'utilisation de la technologie Kluever sur l'efficacit\u00e9 et la cadence de tir des chars L\u00e9opard \u2013 qui le gouvernement de Moved Riyadh pour acqu\u00e9rir cette technologie[79]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 1987, Oelkers s'est envol\u00e9 pour P\u00e9kin pour une d\u00e9monstration de ses nouvelles puces et a ravi les g\u00e9n\u00e9raux chinois qui sont devenus une partie de sa client\u00e8le[80]<\/sup><\/a>. Dans le cadre des accords sign\u00e9s avec les \u00c9tats-Unis, \u00e0 partir de 1985, Kluever a vendu une technologie d'espionnage am\u00e9ricaine tr\u00e8s moderne (d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e par l'Ocean Applied Research Corporation \u00e0 San Diego[81]<\/sup><\/a> et distribu\u00e9e par le groupe CompuDyne Corporation en Pennsylvanie[82]<\/sup><\/a>) \u00e0 Muhammar Ghaddafi en Libye, \u00e0 Hafiz Al -Assad en Syrie, \u00e0 Haji Mohammad Suharto en Indon\u00e9sie \u2013 les trois pr\u00e9sidents l'utilisent pour intercepter les appels t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques et les \u00e9missions radio des opposants, des arm\u00e9es \u00e9trang\u00e8res et des groupes rebelles[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En vieillissant, Kluever vendra son entreprise (le PK Electronics Group \u00e0 Hambourg) \u00e0 deux ing\u00e9nieurs, l'Allemand Stephan Oelkers et l'Anglais William Louthean Nelson. Ce dernier avait commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 diriger le bureau de P\u00e9kin en 1985 et avait cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre soci\u00e9t\u00e9, Personal Protection Products Ltd. Hong Kong[84]<\/sup><\/a>, en 1992, qui jusqu'en 1994, via sa filiale de Hull[85]<\/sup><\/a>, vendait des dispositifs d'\u00e9coute utilis\u00e9s par les services secrets britanniques pour combattre l'IRA en Ulster[86]<\/sup><\/a>. Lorsque Kluever prendra sa retraite, PK Electronics sera transmis \u00e0 William Nelson et \u00e0 son fils Louthean John Alexander Nelson, les fondateurs du groupe Gamma International[87]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le sch\u00e9ma des participations du Groupe Gamma International ainsi que des personnes et soci\u00e9t\u00e9s associ\u00e9es \u2013 \u00a9 IBI World Ltd. London<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une nouvelle \u00e8re commence dans laquelle les anciennes \u00e9coutes t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques seront bient\u00f4t surmont\u00e9es et oubli\u00e9es. Le jeune Louthean commence \u00e0 travailler avec Niels J\u00f8rgen Tobiasen et ses deux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s : The CBRN Team Ltd. Londres[88]<\/sup><\/a> et The Phoenix Hazard Training Ltd. Darlington[89]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est une op\u00e9ration industrielle qui est n\u00e9e d'un contrat de fourniture d'armes chimiques, biologiques, radiologiques et nucl\u00e9aires \u00e0 l'Ouganda[90]<\/sup><\/a> qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9goci\u00e9 avec un membre du gouvernement, Ananias Tumukunde, qui avait accept\u00e9 un pot-de-vin de 40000 \u00a3[91]<\/sup><\/a>. Une op\u00e9ration qui s'est termin\u00e9e par l'arrestation de Tumukunde \u00e0 Kampala et de Tobiasen \u00e0 Londres en juillet 2007[92]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au cours de ces ann\u00e9es, Louthean Nelson a \u00e9galement tent\u00e9 de faciliter une collaboration avec l'\u00e9quipe de piratage de David Vincenzetti : avec l'un des meilleurs hackers du groupe milanais, Alberto Pelliccione, Nelson a essay\u00e9 apr\u00e8s un certain temps de trouver un syst\u00e8me pour pirater les appareils Nokia \u2013 mais Pelliccione change d\u2019avis quand il d\u00e9couvre que Nelson a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 livrer des armes aux pays touch\u00e9s par les sanctions internationales par l'interm\u00e9diaire d'une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qui a maintenant \u00e9t\u00e9 liquid\u00e9e, Cyan Engineering Services SAL Beirut[93]<\/sup><\/a>. Quelque chose avec lequel Pelliccione ne veut rien avoir \u00e0 voir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'entreprise suivante est peut-\u00eatre encore plus \u00e9tonnante : Nelson fonde Elaman et d\u00e9localise certaines activit\u00e9s en Suisse[94]<\/sup><\/a> parce qu'il fait de nouveau affaire avec l'ancien partenaire de son p\u00e8re, Stephan Oelkers. Oelkers a convaincu Nelson de d\u00e9placer son centre d'op\u00e9rations de Hambourg \u00e0 Munich et d'accepter un nouveau partenaire, Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt. Cela devrait travailler avec les services secrets autrichiens[95]<\/sup><\/a> et tenter de reprendre la station de Bad Aibling \u00e0 la NSA (American Military Intelligence)[96]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est une tentation imposante et extr\u00eamement symbolique : la station d'interception de Bad Aibling est n\u00e9e en 1936 comme a\u00e9roport militaire et centre radar de la Luftwaffe, et \u00e0 la fin de la guerre, l'arm\u00e9e am\u00e9ricaine l'a convertie en camp de transit pour les prisonniers de guerre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s et victimes des camps de concentration nationaux-socialistes. Un camp de concentration tr\u00e8s c\u00e9l\u00e8bre que les \u00e9crivains G\u00fcnther Grass et Joseph Ratzinger (le futur pape Beno\u00eet XVI)[97]<\/sup><\/a> ont travers\u00e9. De 1952 jusqu'\u00e0 la fermeture, demand\u00e9e par l'Union europ\u00e9enne en 2001 et r\u00e9alis\u00e9e en 2004 (officiellement, puisque l'installation \u00e9tait toujours en activit\u00e9 en 2013[98]<\/sup><\/a>), la NSA de Bad Aibling a assembl\u00e9 ses syst\u00e8mes Echelon[99]<\/sup><\/a> pour intercepter les communications t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques du plan\u00e8te enti\u00e8re[100]<\/sup><\/a>. La prise de contr\u00f4le de la station NSA aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 la cons\u00e9cration de Nelson et de ses employ\u00e9s \u00e0 une entreprise d'importance mondiale et au pouvoir presque illimit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les n\u00e9gociations n'\u00e9taient pas termin\u00e9es lorsque FinFisher a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 vendre son FinSpy \u00e0 la Turquie et le monde entier a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 voir le danger. Apr\u00e8s les recherches \u00e0 Munich, en Suisse et en Roumanie, Nelson a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 liquider toutes les entreprises le plus rapidement possible: certaines d'entre elles (Computplus Ltd., G2 Systems Ltd., Gamma 2000 Ltd., Gamma 2000 Waste Management Ltd., Gamma International (UK) Ltd.) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 liquid\u00e9s d\u00e9but f\u00e9vrier 2021 au moment de la r\u00e9daction de cet article[101]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'y a pas de retour en arri\u00e8re<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

14 avril 2007 : Plus d'un million de citoyens pacifiques protestent contre l'abolition de la libert\u00e9 et contre un r\u00e9gime qui a transform\u00e9 leur patrie en un enfer d'oppression, de violence et de mis\u00e8re. Une sc\u00e8ne d'humanit\u00e9 passionnante qui pourrait difficilement \u00eatre r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9e<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, cela ne change pas la substance des choses. Aujourd'hui, f\u00e9vrier 2021, le gouvernement et ses agences de renseignement dans au moins 40 pays \u00e0 travers le monde, dont la grande majorit\u00e9 est dirig\u00e9e par une dictature, ont entre les mains des logiciels qui vont non seulement au-del\u00e0 des sc\u00e9narios apocalyptiques d\u00e9crits par George Orwell, mais aussi du \"Br\u00e9sil<\/em>\" de Terry Gilliam : D\u00e9sormais, un r\u00e9gime n'a plus besoin de d\u00e9couvrir que quelqu'un pr\u00e9pare un complot pour les isoler, les torturer, les condamner et les exterminer. L'\u00c9tat peut cr\u00e9er des preuves d'un simple clic d'ordinateur, en utilisant un logiciel qui en un milli\u00e8me de seconde condamnera chacun de nous et impliquera chacun de nos proches dans notre destruction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 o\u00f9 l'ali\u00e9nation de l'individu du contexte commun a d\u00e9j\u00e0 atteint des proportions inqui\u00e9tantes, les logiciels d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s et vendus par une petite poign\u00e9e de criminels totalement inconnus du public ont permis \u00e0 l'humanit\u00e9 de s'engager sur un chemin de non-retour : celui o\u00f9 il n'y a plus rien de vrai et de v\u00e9rifiable dans lequel chacun de nous doit douter de qui est autour de nous, et m\u00eame (et plus encore) nous-m\u00eames.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La faiblesse et la superficialit\u00e9 avec lesquelles les gouvernements occidentaux (en particulier les \u00c9tats-Unis, l'Allemagne et le Royaume-Uni) ont permis \u00e0 ce logiciel d'\u00eatre distribu\u00e9 \u00e0 travers la plan\u00e8te pour des calculs purement \u00e9go\u00efstes sont impardonnables et le signe que 75 ans apr\u00e8s la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale , 30 ans apr\u00e8s la fin de la guerre froide, et la peur d'un conflit nucl\u00e9aire lorsque la nature se rebelle contre la mani\u00e8re insens\u00e9e dont nous la d\u00e9truisons, les gens ont franchi la limite ultime \u2013 ceux dans lesquels l'ennemi qui tue ne vient pas de l'ext\u00e9rieur, mais de l'int\u00e9rieur \u2013 et est inexorable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/65-in-yuzbinleri-6335051<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/6554851.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/laik-turkiye-icin-caglayan-a-6426626<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/3-miting-3-mesaj-6462629<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/izmir-rekor-bekliyor-6495436<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/turkey-used-german-spy-software-on-opposition-politicians-and-activists\/a-43787769<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/en\/content\/turkish-spy-networks-control-opponents<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-39416954<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.birgun.net\/haber\/iddia-pelikancilar-hakan-fidan-gitsin-diyor-283382<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trthaber.com\/haber\/gundem\/iletisim-baskanligi-berat-albayrakin-gorevden-af-talebi-kabul-edilmistir-529559.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/europe\/russia-accuses-president-erdogan-s-son-law-being-linked-isis-oil-trade-a6761436.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2016\/09\/turkey-redhackers-daunt-the-erdogan-family.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepressproject.gr\/exclusive-wikileaks-documents-relations-erdogan-isis-oil-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.duvarenglish.com\/sport\/2020\/02\/10\/politics-in-stadiums-fenerbahce-fans-urge-minister-albayrak-to-keep-hands-off-football<\/a> ; https:\/\/odatv4.com\/fenerbahceliler-damata-karsi-ayaga-kalkti-02022031.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Intelligence Online, \u201cHakan Fidan close to ministerial promotion<\/em>\u201d, see in 2020.11.18 Hakan Fidan Minister<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-launches-project-to-train-1-million-software-developers-154081<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> 2017.04.13 T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mill%C3%AE_%C4%B0stihbarat_Te%C5%9Fkil%C3%A2t%C4%B1#Leitung<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> Hakan Fidan on Nexis, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/t24.com.tr\/haber\/adanada-3-tir-durduruldu-arama-yapiliyor,248707<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> 1000 colpi di mortaio, 1000 colpi di artiglieria, 50\u2019000 fucili d'assalto e 30\u2019000 munizioni per mitragliatrice \u2013 see in https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529223636\/http:\/\/www.aktifhaber.com\/devlet-sirri-denilen-mit-tirlari-ile-ilgili-tapeler-1053377h.htm#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.haber7.com\/guncel\/haber\/1121773-mit-tirlari-neden-durduruldu ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aljazeera.com.tr\/haber\/mit-tirlari-boyle-durduruldu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/bianet.org\/bianet\/insan-haklari\/155519-tir-lari-durdurmakla-suclanan-13-askere-muebbet-istendi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milliyet.com.tr\/gundem\/mit-tirlari-olayinda-yeni-gelisme-5-savci-gorevden-uzaklastirildi-1999064<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/erdogandan-canli-yayinda-can-dundara-tehdit-288885<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.faz.net\/aktuell\/politik\/ausland\/europa\/tuerkei\/tuerkei-kampf-gegen-die-soldaten-des-lichts-12715816.html?printPagedArticle=true#pageIndex_3<\/a> ; https:\/\/taz.de\/Wie-Guelen-zum-Staatsfeind-Nr-1-wurde\/!5323191\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2021\/02\/03\/son-dakika-istihbarattaki-fetocu-generalden-bomba-itiraflar-tegmen-rutbemi-fetullah-gulen-takti<\/a> ; https:\/\/tr.sputniknews.com\/turkiye\/202001211041211454-sozcu-ilker-basbugu-cezaevine-attiran-feto-mektubunu-acikliyoruz\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.genios.de\/presse-archiv\/artikel\/FAZ\/20171111\/jagd-auf-die-guelenisten\/FR1201711115279571.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nadir.org\/nadir\/initiativ\/isku\/hintergrund\/geheimdienste\/geheim994.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/tuerkischer-geheimdienst-liess-erdogan-gegner-in-deutschland-ausspionieren\/12027820.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article157778863\/Erdogans-Agenten-bedrohen-Tuerken-in-Deutschland.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html ;  https:\/\/www.derstandard.at\/story\/1397522175727\/geheimdienst-staat-tuerkei<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2020\/09\/turkey-austria-spy-nehammer-kurdish-clashes-protests-vienna.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/austria-turkey-espionage-int-idUSKBN25S4R5<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/10\/13\/world\/europe\/turkey-austria-erdogan-assassin.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/global-europe\/news\/flemish-minister-turkish-sponosred-mosque-is-nest-of-spies\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/07\/06\/influenced-by-gulenists-belgium-targets-turkish-mosques-fighting-extremism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/erdogan-critics-listed-by-turkish-embassy-in-prague-were-included-in-bogus-terrorism-probe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turk-greek-ties-strained-by-arson-row-10324<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-greece-germany-spying\/greek-police-arrest-german-on-suspicion-of-spying-idUSBRE97208820130803<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kathimerini.gr\/society\/896001\/istories-me-kataskopoys-sto-aigaio\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.larissanet.gr\/2019\/06\/21\/dikazetai-sti-rodo-kataskopos-tis-tourkias\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/ahvalnews.com\/mit\/turkish-intelligence-recruits-eu-retirees-spy-greece<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/04\/turkish-intelligence-operations-targeting-critics-in-greece-exposed-in-secret-documents\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/intelnews.org\/2016\/12\/09\/01-2023\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/more-secret-documents-confirming-vast-turkish-espionage-activities-in-greece-uncovered\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.skai.gr\/news\/greece\/dyo-syllipseis-ellinon-gia-kataskopeia-sti-rodo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-kosovo-security-turkey-idUSKBN1H70CC<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/opinion\/murat-yetkin\/turkish-intelligence-unveils-secret-codes-used-before-coup-attempt-103843<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2018\/09\/turkish-teachers-detained-moldova-gulen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/balkaninsight.com\/2018\/09\/06\/six-turkish-professors-detained-by-moldovan-secret-services-09-06-2018\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/turkeypurge.com\/turkey-spying-imams-active-also-in-norway<\/a> ; https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/turkeys-autocratic-president-erdogans-spying-profiling-expands-in-norway\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/kafila.org\/www-matthewaid-com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/report-sweden-launches-espionage-probe-into-turkish-govt-representatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/politics\/undiplomatic_swiss-eye-alleged-turkish-kidnapping-attempt\/43973170 ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/swiss-foreign-minister-warns-turkey-against-illegal-spying-111199 ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/eu-affairs\/2017\/05\/01\/as-anti-turkish-politics-grip-europe-turkish-swiss-policeman-arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-brings-key-feto-suspect-from-ukraine-to-turkey-134608<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.meforum.org\/60976\/turkish-spy-agency-mit-intelligence-gathering-australia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-court\/egypt-detains-29-people-on-suspicion-of-espionage-for-turkey-idUSKBN1DM1AN<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/33764\/In-Pictures-Egypt-foils-Turkish-espionage-attempt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-agency-brings-three-feto-members-from-gabon-to-turkey-130050<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/turkey\/turkish-intelligence-agency-rescues-a-kidnapped-italian-citizen-in-kenya-36192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20190807-libyan-national-army-turkish-intelligence-is-operating-in-tripoli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/11\/27\/senior-feto-figure-captured-by-turkish-intelligence-in-sudan\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Il est presque impossible de se d\u00e9fendre contre FinSpy : le malware s'installe avec de fausses mises \u00e0 jour d\u00e9guis\u00e9es en officielles, via des e-mails avec de fausses pi\u00e8ces jointes ou \u00e0 travers des failles de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans le logiciel \u2013 comme Avira[70]<\/sup><\/a> ou iTunes d'Apple \u2013 et ensuite via les fausses plates-formes du principaux moteurs de recherche, installations Mac et Linux[71]<\/sup><\/a>, programmes de messagerie \u00e9lectronique, r\u00e9seaux sociaux, sites Web pour les achats en ligne[72]<\/sup><\/a>. L\u00e0 o\u00f9 le malware de Gamma International ne parvient pas, celui de l'\u00e9quipe de piratage de David Vincenzetti[73]<\/sup><\/a> est l\u00e0[74]<\/sup><\/a>. Mais cette soci\u00e9t\u00e9 n'est plus l\u00e0, Gamma l'a surpass\u00e9e, ses fondateurs sont r\u00e9partis dans de nombreuses petites entreprises[75]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re les poup\u00e9es Matriochka?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

En 2015, le Citizen Lab Institute de Toronto avait identifi\u00e9 35 pays qui utilisaient ill\u00e9galement les applications du groupe Gamma \/ FinFisher<\/sub><\/strong>[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enqu\u00eate du parquet de Munich laisse un go\u00fbt un peu amer dans la bouche: comment est-il possible qu'une plainte de quatre ONG ait \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9cessaire pour enqu\u00eate ? Il est logique que le soup\u00e7on d'hypocrisie surgisse, surtout en sachant que les services secrets allemands (BND) avaient d\u00e9cern\u00e9 \u00e0 Stephan Oelkers de Gamma International les Big Brother Awards en 2012, car Gamma \u00e9tait \u00ab la meilleure entreprise au monde intrusion de syst\u00e8mes informatiques et installation de logiciels de surveillance<\/em> (...) Gamma propose ses services sur son site Internet \u2013 bien que le d\u00e9veloppement et la distribution de ce type de logiciel espion soient interdits par le droit p\u00e9nal allemand (Par. 282c StGB). Cependant, cela ne s'applique qu'aux clients priv\u00e9s, pas aux ventes aux autorit\u00e9s nationales ou \u00e0 la police secr\u00e8te d'une dictature \u00e9trang\u00e8re. C'est la raison pour laquelle le parquet de Munich a refus\u00e9 d'engager une proc\u00e9dure p\u00e9nale contre Gamma<\/em> \u00bb[77]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref : tout le monde savait tout, mais il y a huit ans, le procureur de Munich pensait que c'\u00e9tait une bagatelle tant que cette technologie monstrueuse \u00e9tait utilis\u00e9e par les dictatures pour opprimer leur propre peuple.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour \u00eatre pr\u00e9cis, nous en savons beaucoup sur les activit\u00e9s ill\u00e9gales de ce groupe depuis 1973 (lorsque les ordinateurs \u00e9taient des jouets et que l'espionnage consistait \u00e0 infiltrer des hommes louches dans des salles secr\u00e8tes \u00e0 l'aide d'un appareil microfilmant des documents interdits) de personnes dispers\u00e9es dans la campagne anglaise, dans le port de Hambourg, dans la capitale bavaroise ou dans les bidonvilles du Cap Town. L'histoire commence par un c\u00e2ble que l'ambassade am\u00e9ricaine \u00e0 Bonn a envoy\u00e9 aux autorit\u00e9s f\u00e9d\u00e9rales \u2013 un message signalant les activit\u00e9s suspectes d'un d\u00e9taillant d'\u00e9lectronique n\u00e9erlandais bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Hambourg, Peter Kluever[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La CIA d\u00e9cide d'investir dans cet homme, tout comme l'arm\u00e9e allemande. En 1981, ses deux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s PK Electronics et PKI Electronic Intelligence GmbH avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 des contrats avec le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. En 1983, le prince h\u00e9ritier d'Arabie saoudite, Abdullah Ibn Nasir IBn Abd al-Asis Al Sa'ud, visite Hambourg et les g\u00e9n\u00e9raux allemands lui montrent les effets de l'utilisation de la technologie Kluever sur l'efficacit\u00e9 et la cadence de tir des chars L\u00e9opard \u2013 qui le gouvernement de Moved Riyadh pour acqu\u00e9rir cette technologie[79]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 1987, Oelkers s'est envol\u00e9 pour P\u00e9kin pour une d\u00e9monstration de ses nouvelles puces et a ravi les g\u00e9n\u00e9raux chinois qui sont devenus une partie de sa client\u00e8le[80]<\/sup><\/a>. Dans le cadre des accords sign\u00e9s avec les \u00c9tats-Unis, \u00e0 partir de 1985, Kluever a vendu une technologie d'espionnage am\u00e9ricaine tr\u00e8s moderne (d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e par l'Ocean Applied Research Corporation \u00e0 San Diego[81]<\/sup><\/a> et distribu\u00e9e par le groupe CompuDyne Corporation en Pennsylvanie[82]<\/sup><\/a>) \u00e0 Muhammar Ghaddafi en Libye, \u00e0 Hafiz Al -Assad en Syrie, \u00e0 Haji Mohammad Suharto en Indon\u00e9sie \u2013 les trois pr\u00e9sidents l'utilisent pour intercepter les appels t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques et les \u00e9missions radio des opposants, des arm\u00e9es \u00e9trang\u00e8res et des groupes rebelles[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En vieillissant, Kluever vendra son entreprise (le PK Electronics Group \u00e0 Hambourg) \u00e0 deux ing\u00e9nieurs, l'Allemand Stephan Oelkers et l'Anglais William Louthean Nelson. Ce dernier avait commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 diriger le bureau de P\u00e9kin en 1985 et avait cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre soci\u00e9t\u00e9, Personal Protection Products Ltd. Hong Kong[84]<\/sup><\/a>, en 1992, qui jusqu'en 1994, via sa filiale de Hull[85]<\/sup><\/a>, vendait des dispositifs d'\u00e9coute utilis\u00e9s par les services secrets britanniques pour combattre l'IRA en Ulster[86]<\/sup><\/a>. Lorsque Kluever prendra sa retraite, PK Electronics sera transmis \u00e0 William Nelson et \u00e0 son fils Louthean John Alexander Nelson, les fondateurs du groupe Gamma International[87]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le sch\u00e9ma des participations du Groupe Gamma International ainsi que des personnes et soci\u00e9t\u00e9s associ\u00e9es \u2013 \u00a9 IBI World Ltd. London<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une nouvelle \u00e8re commence dans laquelle les anciennes \u00e9coutes t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques seront bient\u00f4t surmont\u00e9es et oubli\u00e9es. Le jeune Louthean commence \u00e0 travailler avec Niels J\u00f8rgen Tobiasen et ses deux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s : The CBRN Team Ltd. Londres[88]<\/sup><\/a> et The Phoenix Hazard Training Ltd. Darlington[89]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est une op\u00e9ration industrielle qui est n\u00e9e d'un contrat de fourniture d'armes chimiques, biologiques, radiologiques et nucl\u00e9aires \u00e0 l'Ouganda[90]<\/sup><\/a> qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9goci\u00e9 avec un membre du gouvernement, Ananias Tumukunde, qui avait accept\u00e9 un pot-de-vin de 40000 \u00a3[91]<\/sup><\/a>. Une op\u00e9ration qui s'est termin\u00e9e par l'arrestation de Tumukunde \u00e0 Kampala et de Tobiasen \u00e0 Londres en juillet 2007[92]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au cours de ces ann\u00e9es, Louthean Nelson a \u00e9galement tent\u00e9 de faciliter une collaboration avec l'\u00e9quipe de piratage de David Vincenzetti : avec l'un des meilleurs hackers du groupe milanais, Alberto Pelliccione, Nelson a essay\u00e9 apr\u00e8s un certain temps de trouver un syst\u00e8me pour pirater les appareils Nokia \u2013 mais Pelliccione change d\u2019avis quand il d\u00e9couvre que Nelson a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 livrer des armes aux pays touch\u00e9s par les sanctions internationales par l'interm\u00e9diaire d'une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qui a maintenant \u00e9t\u00e9 liquid\u00e9e, Cyan Engineering Services SAL Beirut[93]<\/sup><\/a>. Quelque chose avec lequel Pelliccione ne veut rien avoir \u00e0 voir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'entreprise suivante est peut-\u00eatre encore plus \u00e9tonnante : Nelson fonde Elaman et d\u00e9localise certaines activit\u00e9s en Suisse[94]<\/sup><\/a> parce qu'il fait de nouveau affaire avec l'ancien partenaire de son p\u00e8re, Stephan Oelkers. Oelkers a convaincu Nelson de d\u00e9placer son centre d'op\u00e9rations de Hambourg \u00e0 Munich et d'accepter un nouveau partenaire, Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt. Cela devrait travailler avec les services secrets autrichiens[95]<\/sup><\/a> et tenter de reprendre la station de Bad Aibling \u00e0 la NSA (American Military Intelligence)[96]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est une tentation imposante et extr\u00eamement symbolique : la station d'interception de Bad Aibling est n\u00e9e en 1936 comme a\u00e9roport militaire et centre radar de la Luftwaffe, et \u00e0 la fin de la guerre, l'arm\u00e9e am\u00e9ricaine l'a convertie en camp de transit pour les prisonniers de guerre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s et victimes des camps de concentration nationaux-socialistes. Un camp de concentration tr\u00e8s c\u00e9l\u00e8bre que les \u00e9crivains G\u00fcnther Grass et Joseph Ratzinger (le futur pape Beno\u00eet XVI)[97]<\/sup><\/a> ont travers\u00e9. De 1952 jusqu'\u00e0 la fermeture, demand\u00e9e par l'Union europ\u00e9enne en 2001 et r\u00e9alis\u00e9e en 2004 (officiellement, puisque l'installation \u00e9tait toujours en activit\u00e9 en 2013[98]<\/sup><\/a>), la NSA de Bad Aibling a assembl\u00e9 ses syst\u00e8mes Echelon[99]<\/sup><\/a> pour intercepter les communications t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques du plan\u00e8te enti\u00e8re[100]<\/sup><\/a>. La prise de contr\u00f4le de la station NSA aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 la cons\u00e9cration de Nelson et de ses employ\u00e9s \u00e0 une entreprise d'importance mondiale et au pouvoir presque illimit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les n\u00e9gociations n'\u00e9taient pas termin\u00e9es lorsque FinFisher a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 vendre son FinSpy \u00e0 la Turquie et le monde entier a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 voir le danger. Apr\u00e8s les recherches \u00e0 Munich, en Suisse et en Roumanie, Nelson a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 liquider toutes les entreprises le plus rapidement possible: certaines d'entre elles (Computplus Ltd., G2 Systems Ltd., Gamma 2000 Ltd., Gamma 2000 Waste Management Ltd., Gamma International (UK) Ltd.) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 liquid\u00e9s d\u00e9but f\u00e9vrier 2021 au moment de la r\u00e9daction de cet article[101]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'y a pas de retour en arri\u00e8re<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

14 avril 2007 : Plus d'un million de citoyens pacifiques protestent contre l'abolition de la libert\u00e9 et contre un r\u00e9gime qui a transform\u00e9 leur patrie en un enfer d'oppression, de violence et de mis\u00e8re. Une sc\u00e8ne d'humanit\u00e9 passionnante qui pourrait difficilement \u00eatre r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9e<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, cela ne change pas la substance des choses. Aujourd'hui, f\u00e9vrier 2021, le gouvernement et ses agences de renseignement dans au moins 40 pays \u00e0 travers le monde, dont la grande majorit\u00e9 est dirig\u00e9e par une dictature, ont entre les mains des logiciels qui vont non seulement au-del\u00e0 des sc\u00e9narios apocalyptiques d\u00e9crits par George Orwell, mais aussi du \"Br\u00e9sil<\/em>\" de Terry Gilliam : D\u00e9sormais, un r\u00e9gime n'a plus besoin de d\u00e9couvrir que quelqu'un pr\u00e9pare un complot pour les isoler, les torturer, les condamner et les exterminer. L'\u00c9tat peut cr\u00e9er des preuves d'un simple clic d'ordinateur, en utilisant un logiciel qui en un milli\u00e8me de seconde condamnera chacun de nous et impliquera chacun de nos proches dans notre destruction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 o\u00f9 l'ali\u00e9nation de l'individu du contexte commun a d\u00e9j\u00e0 atteint des proportions inqui\u00e9tantes, les logiciels d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s et vendus par une petite poign\u00e9e de criminels totalement inconnus du public ont permis \u00e0 l'humanit\u00e9 de s'engager sur un chemin de non-retour : celui o\u00f9 il n'y a plus rien de vrai et de v\u00e9rifiable dans lequel chacun de nous doit douter de qui est autour de nous, et m\u00eame (et plus encore) nous-m\u00eames.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La faiblesse et la superficialit\u00e9 avec lesquelles les gouvernements occidentaux (en particulier les \u00c9tats-Unis, l'Allemagne et le Royaume-Uni) ont permis \u00e0 ce logiciel d'\u00eatre distribu\u00e9 \u00e0 travers la plan\u00e8te pour des calculs purement \u00e9go\u00efstes sont impardonnables et le signe que 75 ans apr\u00e8s la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale , 30 ans apr\u00e8s la fin de la guerre froide, et la peur d'un conflit nucl\u00e9aire lorsque la nature se rebelle contre la mani\u00e8re insens\u00e9e dont nous la d\u00e9truisons, les gens ont franchi la limite ultime \u2013 ceux dans lesquels l'ennemi qui tue ne vient pas de l'ext\u00e9rieur, mais de l'int\u00e9rieur \u2013 et est inexorable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/65-in-yuzbinleri-6335051<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/6554851.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/laik-turkiye-icin-caglayan-a-6426626<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/3-miting-3-mesaj-6462629<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/izmir-rekor-bekliyor-6495436<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/turkey-used-german-spy-software-on-opposition-politicians-and-activists\/a-43787769<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/en\/content\/turkish-spy-networks-control-opponents<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-39416954<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.birgun.net\/haber\/iddia-pelikancilar-hakan-fidan-gitsin-diyor-283382<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trthaber.com\/haber\/gundem\/iletisim-baskanligi-berat-albayrakin-gorevden-af-talebi-kabul-edilmistir-529559.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/europe\/russia-accuses-president-erdogan-s-son-law-being-linked-isis-oil-trade-a6761436.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2016\/09\/turkey-redhackers-daunt-the-erdogan-family.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepressproject.gr\/exclusive-wikileaks-documents-relations-erdogan-isis-oil-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.duvarenglish.com\/sport\/2020\/02\/10\/politics-in-stadiums-fenerbahce-fans-urge-minister-albayrak-to-keep-hands-off-football<\/a> ; https:\/\/odatv4.com\/fenerbahceliler-damata-karsi-ayaga-kalkti-02022031.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Intelligence Online, \u201cHakan Fidan close to ministerial promotion<\/em>\u201d, see in 2020.11.18 Hakan Fidan Minister<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-launches-project-to-train-1-million-software-developers-154081<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> 2017.04.13 T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mill%C3%AE_%C4%B0stihbarat_Te%C5%9Fkil%C3%A2t%C4%B1#Leitung<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> Hakan Fidan on Nexis, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/t24.com.tr\/haber\/adanada-3-tir-durduruldu-arama-yapiliyor,248707<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> 1000 colpi di mortaio, 1000 colpi di artiglieria, 50\u2019000 fucili d'assalto e 30\u2019000 munizioni per mitragliatrice \u2013 see in https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529223636\/http:\/\/www.aktifhaber.com\/devlet-sirri-denilen-mit-tirlari-ile-ilgili-tapeler-1053377h.htm#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.haber7.com\/guncel\/haber\/1121773-mit-tirlari-neden-durduruldu ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aljazeera.com.tr\/haber\/mit-tirlari-boyle-durduruldu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/bianet.org\/bianet\/insan-haklari\/155519-tir-lari-durdurmakla-suclanan-13-askere-muebbet-istendi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milliyet.com.tr\/gundem\/mit-tirlari-olayinda-yeni-gelisme-5-savci-gorevden-uzaklastirildi-1999064<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/erdogandan-canli-yayinda-can-dundara-tehdit-288885<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.faz.net\/aktuell\/politik\/ausland\/europa\/tuerkei\/tuerkei-kampf-gegen-die-soldaten-des-lichts-12715816.html?printPagedArticle=true#pageIndex_3<\/a> ; https:\/\/taz.de\/Wie-Guelen-zum-Staatsfeind-Nr-1-wurde\/!5323191\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2021\/02\/03\/son-dakika-istihbarattaki-fetocu-generalden-bomba-itiraflar-tegmen-rutbemi-fetullah-gulen-takti<\/a> ; https:\/\/tr.sputniknews.com\/turkiye\/202001211041211454-sozcu-ilker-basbugu-cezaevine-attiran-feto-mektubunu-acikliyoruz\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.genios.de\/presse-archiv\/artikel\/FAZ\/20171111\/jagd-auf-die-guelenisten\/FR1201711115279571.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nadir.org\/nadir\/initiativ\/isku\/hintergrund\/geheimdienste\/geheim994.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/tuerkischer-geheimdienst-liess-erdogan-gegner-in-deutschland-ausspionieren\/12027820.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article157778863\/Erdogans-Agenten-bedrohen-Tuerken-in-Deutschland.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html ;  https:\/\/www.derstandard.at\/story\/1397522175727\/geheimdienst-staat-tuerkei<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2020\/09\/turkey-austria-spy-nehammer-kurdish-clashes-protests-vienna.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/austria-turkey-espionage-int-idUSKBN25S4R5<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/10\/13\/world\/europe\/turkey-austria-erdogan-assassin.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/global-europe\/news\/flemish-minister-turkish-sponosred-mosque-is-nest-of-spies\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/07\/06\/influenced-by-gulenists-belgium-targets-turkish-mosques-fighting-extremism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/erdogan-critics-listed-by-turkish-embassy-in-prague-were-included-in-bogus-terrorism-probe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turk-greek-ties-strained-by-arson-row-10324<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-greece-germany-spying\/greek-police-arrest-german-on-suspicion-of-spying-idUSBRE97208820130803<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kathimerini.gr\/society\/896001\/istories-me-kataskopoys-sto-aigaio\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.larissanet.gr\/2019\/06\/21\/dikazetai-sti-rodo-kataskopos-tis-tourkias\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/ahvalnews.com\/mit\/turkish-intelligence-recruits-eu-retirees-spy-greece<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/04\/turkish-intelligence-operations-targeting-critics-in-greece-exposed-in-secret-documents\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/intelnews.org\/2016\/12\/09\/01-2023\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/more-secret-documents-confirming-vast-turkish-espionage-activities-in-greece-uncovered\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.skai.gr\/news\/greece\/dyo-syllipseis-ellinon-gia-kataskopeia-sti-rodo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-kosovo-security-turkey-idUSKBN1H70CC<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/opinion\/murat-yetkin\/turkish-intelligence-unveils-secret-codes-used-before-coup-attempt-103843<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2018\/09\/turkish-teachers-detained-moldova-gulen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/balkaninsight.com\/2018\/09\/06\/six-turkish-professors-detained-by-moldovan-secret-services-09-06-2018\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/turkeypurge.com\/turkey-spying-imams-active-also-in-norway<\/a> ; https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/turkeys-autocratic-president-erdogans-spying-profiling-expands-in-norway\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/kafila.org\/www-matthewaid-com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/report-sweden-launches-espionage-probe-into-turkish-govt-representatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/politics\/undiplomatic_swiss-eye-alleged-turkish-kidnapping-attempt\/43973170 ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/swiss-foreign-minister-warns-turkey-against-illegal-spying-111199 ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/eu-affairs\/2017\/05\/01\/as-anti-turkish-politics-grip-europe-turkish-swiss-policeman-arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-brings-key-feto-suspect-from-ukraine-to-turkey-134608<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.meforum.org\/60976\/turkish-spy-agency-mit-intelligence-gathering-australia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-court\/egypt-detains-29-people-on-suspicion-of-espionage-for-turkey-idUSKBN1DM1AN<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/33764\/In-Pictures-Egypt-foils-Turkish-espionage-attempt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-agency-brings-three-feto-members-from-gabon-to-turkey-130050<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/turkey\/turkish-intelligence-agency-rescues-a-kidnapped-italian-citizen-in-kenya-36192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20190807-libyan-national-army-turkish-intelligence-is-operating-in-tripoli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/11\/27\/senior-feto-figure-captured-by-turkish-intelligence-in-sudan\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

L'enqu\u00eate britannique s'est limit\u00e9e \u00e0 l'analyse de la vente de FinSpy \u00e0 Bahre\u00efn, tandis que l'enqu\u00eate allemande, accompagn\u00e9e d'un grand nombre de t\u00e9moignages de victimes de la terreur du r\u00e9gime d'Erdo\u011fan en Turquie et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, va beaucoup plus loin et constate que FinSpy a \u00e9t\u00e9 vendu ill\u00e9galement dans 36 pays[66]<\/sup><\/a>, il y a d'\u00e9normes centres de stockage de donn\u00e9es dans 11 pays[67]<\/sup><\/a>, de sorte qu'on soup\u00e7onne maintenant qu'il y a beaucoup d'autres crimes cach\u00e9s derri\u00e8re les faits connus[68]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est pourquoi le parquet de Munich a ordonn\u00e9 une perquisition des locaux de la capitale bavaroise, mais aussi de la branche roumaine du groupe Gamma International[69]<\/sup><\/a>, en octobre 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il est presque impossible de se d\u00e9fendre contre FinSpy : le malware s'installe avec de fausses mises \u00e0 jour d\u00e9guis\u00e9es en officielles, via des e-mails avec de fausses pi\u00e8ces jointes ou \u00e0 travers des failles de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans le logiciel \u2013 comme Avira[70]<\/sup><\/a> ou iTunes d'Apple \u2013 et ensuite via les fausses plates-formes du principaux moteurs de recherche, installations Mac et Linux[71]<\/sup><\/a>, programmes de messagerie \u00e9lectronique, r\u00e9seaux sociaux, sites Web pour les achats en ligne[72]<\/sup><\/a>. L\u00e0 o\u00f9 le malware de Gamma International ne parvient pas, celui de l'\u00e9quipe de piratage de David Vincenzetti[73]<\/sup><\/a> est l\u00e0[74]<\/sup><\/a>. Mais cette soci\u00e9t\u00e9 n'est plus l\u00e0, Gamma l'a surpass\u00e9e, ses fondateurs sont r\u00e9partis dans de nombreuses petites entreprises[75]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re les poup\u00e9es Matriochka?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

En 2015, le Citizen Lab Institute de Toronto avait identifi\u00e9 35 pays qui utilisaient ill\u00e9galement les applications du groupe Gamma \/ FinFisher<\/sub><\/strong>[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enqu\u00eate du parquet de Munich laisse un go\u00fbt un peu amer dans la bouche: comment est-il possible qu'une plainte de quatre ONG ait \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9cessaire pour enqu\u00eate ? Il est logique que le soup\u00e7on d'hypocrisie surgisse, surtout en sachant que les services secrets allemands (BND) avaient d\u00e9cern\u00e9 \u00e0 Stephan Oelkers de Gamma International les Big Brother Awards en 2012, car Gamma \u00e9tait \u00ab la meilleure entreprise au monde intrusion de syst\u00e8mes informatiques et installation de logiciels de surveillance<\/em> (...) Gamma propose ses services sur son site Internet \u2013 bien que le d\u00e9veloppement et la distribution de ce type de logiciel espion soient interdits par le droit p\u00e9nal allemand (Par. 282c StGB). Cependant, cela ne s'applique qu'aux clients priv\u00e9s, pas aux ventes aux autorit\u00e9s nationales ou \u00e0 la police secr\u00e8te d'une dictature \u00e9trang\u00e8re. C'est la raison pour laquelle le parquet de Munich a refus\u00e9 d'engager une proc\u00e9dure p\u00e9nale contre Gamma<\/em> \u00bb[77]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref : tout le monde savait tout, mais il y a huit ans, le procureur de Munich pensait que c'\u00e9tait une bagatelle tant que cette technologie monstrueuse \u00e9tait utilis\u00e9e par les dictatures pour opprimer leur propre peuple.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour \u00eatre pr\u00e9cis, nous en savons beaucoup sur les activit\u00e9s ill\u00e9gales de ce groupe depuis 1973 (lorsque les ordinateurs \u00e9taient des jouets et que l'espionnage consistait \u00e0 infiltrer des hommes louches dans des salles secr\u00e8tes \u00e0 l'aide d'un appareil microfilmant des documents interdits) de personnes dispers\u00e9es dans la campagne anglaise, dans le port de Hambourg, dans la capitale bavaroise ou dans les bidonvilles du Cap Town. L'histoire commence par un c\u00e2ble que l'ambassade am\u00e9ricaine \u00e0 Bonn a envoy\u00e9 aux autorit\u00e9s f\u00e9d\u00e9rales \u2013 un message signalant les activit\u00e9s suspectes d'un d\u00e9taillant d'\u00e9lectronique n\u00e9erlandais bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Hambourg, Peter Kluever[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La CIA d\u00e9cide d'investir dans cet homme, tout comme l'arm\u00e9e allemande. En 1981, ses deux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s PK Electronics et PKI Electronic Intelligence GmbH avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 des contrats avec le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. En 1983, le prince h\u00e9ritier d'Arabie saoudite, Abdullah Ibn Nasir IBn Abd al-Asis Al Sa'ud, visite Hambourg et les g\u00e9n\u00e9raux allemands lui montrent les effets de l'utilisation de la technologie Kluever sur l'efficacit\u00e9 et la cadence de tir des chars L\u00e9opard \u2013 qui le gouvernement de Moved Riyadh pour acqu\u00e9rir cette technologie[79]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 1987, Oelkers s'est envol\u00e9 pour P\u00e9kin pour une d\u00e9monstration de ses nouvelles puces et a ravi les g\u00e9n\u00e9raux chinois qui sont devenus une partie de sa client\u00e8le[80]<\/sup><\/a>. Dans le cadre des accords sign\u00e9s avec les \u00c9tats-Unis, \u00e0 partir de 1985, Kluever a vendu une technologie d'espionnage am\u00e9ricaine tr\u00e8s moderne (d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e par l'Ocean Applied Research Corporation \u00e0 San Diego[81]<\/sup><\/a> et distribu\u00e9e par le groupe CompuDyne Corporation en Pennsylvanie[82]<\/sup><\/a>) \u00e0 Muhammar Ghaddafi en Libye, \u00e0 Hafiz Al -Assad en Syrie, \u00e0 Haji Mohammad Suharto en Indon\u00e9sie \u2013 les trois pr\u00e9sidents l'utilisent pour intercepter les appels t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques et les \u00e9missions radio des opposants, des arm\u00e9es \u00e9trang\u00e8res et des groupes rebelles[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En vieillissant, Kluever vendra son entreprise (le PK Electronics Group \u00e0 Hambourg) \u00e0 deux ing\u00e9nieurs, l'Allemand Stephan Oelkers et l'Anglais William Louthean Nelson. Ce dernier avait commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 diriger le bureau de P\u00e9kin en 1985 et avait cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre soci\u00e9t\u00e9, Personal Protection Products Ltd. Hong Kong[84]<\/sup><\/a>, en 1992, qui jusqu'en 1994, via sa filiale de Hull[85]<\/sup><\/a>, vendait des dispositifs d'\u00e9coute utilis\u00e9s par les services secrets britanniques pour combattre l'IRA en Ulster[86]<\/sup><\/a>. Lorsque Kluever prendra sa retraite, PK Electronics sera transmis \u00e0 William Nelson et \u00e0 son fils Louthean John Alexander Nelson, les fondateurs du groupe Gamma International[87]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le sch\u00e9ma des participations du Groupe Gamma International ainsi que des personnes et soci\u00e9t\u00e9s associ\u00e9es \u2013 \u00a9 IBI World Ltd. London<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une nouvelle \u00e8re commence dans laquelle les anciennes \u00e9coutes t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques seront bient\u00f4t surmont\u00e9es et oubli\u00e9es. Le jeune Louthean commence \u00e0 travailler avec Niels J\u00f8rgen Tobiasen et ses deux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s : The CBRN Team Ltd. Londres[88]<\/sup><\/a> et The Phoenix Hazard Training Ltd. Darlington[89]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est une op\u00e9ration industrielle qui est n\u00e9e d'un contrat de fourniture d'armes chimiques, biologiques, radiologiques et nucl\u00e9aires \u00e0 l'Ouganda[90]<\/sup><\/a> qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9goci\u00e9 avec un membre du gouvernement, Ananias Tumukunde, qui avait accept\u00e9 un pot-de-vin de 40000 \u00a3[91]<\/sup><\/a>. Une op\u00e9ration qui s'est termin\u00e9e par l'arrestation de Tumukunde \u00e0 Kampala et de Tobiasen \u00e0 Londres en juillet 2007[92]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au cours de ces ann\u00e9es, Louthean Nelson a \u00e9galement tent\u00e9 de faciliter une collaboration avec l'\u00e9quipe de piratage de David Vincenzetti : avec l'un des meilleurs hackers du groupe milanais, Alberto Pelliccione, Nelson a essay\u00e9 apr\u00e8s un certain temps de trouver un syst\u00e8me pour pirater les appareils Nokia \u2013 mais Pelliccione change d\u2019avis quand il d\u00e9couvre que Nelson a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 livrer des armes aux pays touch\u00e9s par les sanctions internationales par l'interm\u00e9diaire d'une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qui a maintenant \u00e9t\u00e9 liquid\u00e9e, Cyan Engineering Services SAL Beirut[93]<\/sup><\/a>. Quelque chose avec lequel Pelliccione ne veut rien avoir \u00e0 voir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'entreprise suivante est peut-\u00eatre encore plus \u00e9tonnante : Nelson fonde Elaman et d\u00e9localise certaines activit\u00e9s en Suisse[94]<\/sup><\/a> parce qu'il fait de nouveau affaire avec l'ancien partenaire de son p\u00e8re, Stephan Oelkers. Oelkers a convaincu Nelson de d\u00e9placer son centre d'op\u00e9rations de Hambourg \u00e0 Munich et d'accepter un nouveau partenaire, Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt. Cela devrait travailler avec les services secrets autrichiens[95]<\/sup><\/a> et tenter de reprendre la station de Bad Aibling \u00e0 la NSA (American Military Intelligence)[96]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est une tentation imposante et extr\u00eamement symbolique : la station d'interception de Bad Aibling est n\u00e9e en 1936 comme a\u00e9roport militaire et centre radar de la Luftwaffe, et \u00e0 la fin de la guerre, l'arm\u00e9e am\u00e9ricaine l'a convertie en camp de transit pour les prisonniers de guerre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s et victimes des camps de concentration nationaux-socialistes. Un camp de concentration tr\u00e8s c\u00e9l\u00e8bre que les \u00e9crivains G\u00fcnther Grass et Joseph Ratzinger (le futur pape Beno\u00eet XVI)[97]<\/sup><\/a> ont travers\u00e9. De 1952 jusqu'\u00e0 la fermeture, demand\u00e9e par l'Union europ\u00e9enne en 2001 et r\u00e9alis\u00e9e en 2004 (officiellement, puisque l'installation \u00e9tait toujours en activit\u00e9 en 2013[98]<\/sup><\/a>), la NSA de Bad Aibling a assembl\u00e9 ses syst\u00e8mes Echelon[99]<\/sup><\/a> pour intercepter les communications t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques du plan\u00e8te enti\u00e8re[100]<\/sup><\/a>. La prise de contr\u00f4le de la station NSA aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 la cons\u00e9cration de Nelson et de ses employ\u00e9s \u00e0 une entreprise d'importance mondiale et au pouvoir presque illimit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les n\u00e9gociations n'\u00e9taient pas termin\u00e9es lorsque FinFisher a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 vendre son FinSpy \u00e0 la Turquie et le monde entier a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 voir le danger. Apr\u00e8s les recherches \u00e0 Munich, en Suisse et en Roumanie, Nelson a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 liquider toutes les entreprises le plus rapidement possible: certaines d'entre elles (Computplus Ltd., G2 Systems Ltd., Gamma 2000 Ltd., Gamma 2000 Waste Management Ltd., Gamma International (UK) Ltd.) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 liquid\u00e9s d\u00e9but f\u00e9vrier 2021 au moment de la r\u00e9daction de cet article[101]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'y a pas de retour en arri\u00e8re<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

14 avril 2007 : Plus d'un million de citoyens pacifiques protestent contre l'abolition de la libert\u00e9 et contre un r\u00e9gime qui a transform\u00e9 leur patrie en un enfer d'oppression, de violence et de mis\u00e8re. Une sc\u00e8ne d'humanit\u00e9 passionnante qui pourrait difficilement \u00eatre r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9e<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, cela ne change pas la substance des choses. Aujourd'hui, f\u00e9vrier 2021, le gouvernement et ses agences de renseignement dans au moins 40 pays \u00e0 travers le monde, dont la grande majorit\u00e9 est dirig\u00e9e par une dictature, ont entre les mains des logiciels qui vont non seulement au-del\u00e0 des sc\u00e9narios apocalyptiques d\u00e9crits par George Orwell, mais aussi du \"Br\u00e9sil<\/em>\" de Terry Gilliam : D\u00e9sormais, un r\u00e9gime n'a plus besoin de d\u00e9couvrir que quelqu'un pr\u00e9pare un complot pour les isoler, les torturer, les condamner et les exterminer. L'\u00c9tat peut cr\u00e9er des preuves d'un simple clic d'ordinateur, en utilisant un logiciel qui en un milli\u00e8me de seconde condamnera chacun de nous et impliquera chacun de nos proches dans notre destruction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 o\u00f9 l'ali\u00e9nation de l'individu du contexte commun a d\u00e9j\u00e0 atteint des proportions inqui\u00e9tantes, les logiciels d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s et vendus par une petite poign\u00e9e de criminels totalement inconnus du public ont permis \u00e0 l'humanit\u00e9 de s'engager sur un chemin de non-retour : celui o\u00f9 il n'y a plus rien de vrai et de v\u00e9rifiable dans lequel chacun de nous doit douter de qui est autour de nous, et m\u00eame (et plus encore) nous-m\u00eames.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La faiblesse et la superficialit\u00e9 avec lesquelles les gouvernements occidentaux (en particulier les \u00c9tats-Unis, l'Allemagne et le Royaume-Uni) ont permis \u00e0 ce logiciel d'\u00eatre distribu\u00e9 \u00e0 travers la plan\u00e8te pour des calculs purement \u00e9go\u00efstes sont impardonnables et le signe que 75 ans apr\u00e8s la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale , 30 ans apr\u00e8s la fin de la guerre froide, et la peur d'un conflit nucl\u00e9aire lorsque la nature se rebelle contre la mani\u00e8re insens\u00e9e dont nous la d\u00e9truisons, les gens ont franchi la limite ultime \u2013 ceux dans lesquels l'ennemi qui tue ne vient pas de l'ext\u00e9rieur, mais de l'int\u00e9rieur \u2013 et est inexorable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/65-in-yuzbinleri-6335051<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/6554851.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/laik-turkiye-icin-caglayan-a-6426626<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/3-miting-3-mesaj-6462629<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/izmir-rekor-bekliyor-6495436<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/turkey-used-german-spy-software-on-opposition-politicians-and-activists\/a-43787769<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/en\/content\/turkish-spy-networks-control-opponents<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-39416954<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.birgun.net\/haber\/iddia-pelikancilar-hakan-fidan-gitsin-diyor-283382<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trthaber.com\/haber\/gundem\/iletisim-baskanligi-berat-albayrakin-gorevden-af-talebi-kabul-edilmistir-529559.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/europe\/russia-accuses-president-erdogan-s-son-law-being-linked-isis-oil-trade-a6761436.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2016\/09\/turkey-redhackers-daunt-the-erdogan-family.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepressproject.gr\/exclusive-wikileaks-documents-relations-erdogan-isis-oil-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.duvarenglish.com\/sport\/2020\/02\/10\/politics-in-stadiums-fenerbahce-fans-urge-minister-albayrak-to-keep-hands-off-football<\/a> ; https:\/\/odatv4.com\/fenerbahceliler-damata-karsi-ayaga-kalkti-02022031.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Intelligence Online, \u201cHakan Fidan close to ministerial promotion<\/em>\u201d, see in 2020.11.18 Hakan Fidan Minister<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-launches-project-to-train-1-million-software-developers-154081<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> 2017.04.13 T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mill%C3%AE_%C4%B0stihbarat_Te%C5%9Fkil%C3%A2t%C4%B1#Leitung<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> Hakan Fidan on Nexis, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/t24.com.tr\/haber\/adanada-3-tir-durduruldu-arama-yapiliyor,248707<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> 1000 colpi di mortaio, 1000 colpi di artiglieria, 50\u2019000 fucili d'assalto e 30\u2019000 munizioni per mitragliatrice \u2013 see in https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529223636\/http:\/\/www.aktifhaber.com\/devlet-sirri-denilen-mit-tirlari-ile-ilgili-tapeler-1053377h.htm#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.haber7.com\/guncel\/haber\/1121773-mit-tirlari-neden-durduruldu ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aljazeera.com.tr\/haber\/mit-tirlari-boyle-durduruldu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/bianet.org\/bianet\/insan-haklari\/155519-tir-lari-durdurmakla-suclanan-13-askere-muebbet-istendi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milliyet.com.tr\/gundem\/mit-tirlari-olayinda-yeni-gelisme-5-savci-gorevden-uzaklastirildi-1999064<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/erdogandan-canli-yayinda-can-dundara-tehdit-288885<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.faz.net\/aktuell\/politik\/ausland\/europa\/tuerkei\/tuerkei-kampf-gegen-die-soldaten-des-lichts-12715816.html?printPagedArticle=true#pageIndex_3<\/a> ; https:\/\/taz.de\/Wie-Guelen-zum-Staatsfeind-Nr-1-wurde\/!5323191\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2021\/02\/03\/son-dakika-istihbarattaki-fetocu-generalden-bomba-itiraflar-tegmen-rutbemi-fetullah-gulen-takti<\/a> ; https:\/\/tr.sputniknews.com\/turkiye\/202001211041211454-sozcu-ilker-basbugu-cezaevine-attiran-feto-mektubunu-acikliyoruz\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.genios.de\/presse-archiv\/artikel\/FAZ\/20171111\/jagd-auf-die-guelenisten\/FR1201711115279571.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nadir.org\/nadir\/initiativ\/isku\/hintergrund\/geheimdienste\/geheim994.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/tuerkischer-geheimdienst-liess-erdogan-gegner-in-deutschland-ausspionieren\/12027820.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article157778863\/Erdogans-Agenten-bedrohen-Tuerken-in-Deutschland.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html ;  https:\/\/www.derstandard.at\/story\/1397522175727\/geheimdienst-staat-tuerkei<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2020\/09\/turkey-austria-spy-nehammer-kurdish-clashes-protests-vienna.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/austria-turkey-espionage-int-idUSKBN25S4R5<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/10\/13\/world\/europe\/turkey-austria-erdogan-assassin.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/global-europe\/news\/flemish-minister-turkish-sponosred-mosque-is-nest-of-spies\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/07\/06\/influenced-by-gulenists-belgium-targets-turkish-mosques-fighting-extremism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/erdogan-critics-listed-by-turkish-embassy-in-prague-were-included-in-bogus-terrorism-probe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turk-greek-ties-strained-by-arson-row-10324<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-greece-germany-spying\/greek-police-arrest-german-on-suspicion-of-spying-idUSBRE97208820130803<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kathimerini.gr\/society\/896001\/istories-me-kataskopoys-sto-aigaio\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.larissanet.gr\/2019\/06\/21\/dikazetai-sti-rodo-kataskopos-tis-tourkias\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/ahvalnews.com\/mit\/turkish-intelligence-recruits-eu-retirees-spy-greece<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/04\/turkish-intelligence-operations-targeting-critics-in-greece-exposed-in-secret-documents\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/intelnews.org\/2016\/12\/09\/01-2023\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/more-secret-documents-confirming-vast-turkish-espionage-activities-in-greece-uncovered\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.skai.gr\/news\/greece\/dyo-syllipseis-ellinon-gia-kataskopeia-sti-rodo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-kosovo-security-turkey-idUSKBN1H70CC<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/opinion\/murat-yetkin\/turkish-intelligence-unveils-secret-codes-used-before-coup-attempt-103843<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2018\/09\/turkish-teachers-detained-moldova-gulen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/balkaninsight.com\/2018\/09\/06\/six-turkish-professors-detained-by-moldovan-secret-services-09-06-2018\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/turkeypurge.com\/turkey-spying-imams-active-also-in-norway<\/a> ; https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/turkeys-autocratic-president-erdogans-spying-profiling-expands-in-norway\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/kafila.org\/www-matthewaid-com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/report-sweden-launches-espionage-probe-into-turkish-govt-representatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/politics\/undiplomatic_swiss-eye-alleged-turkish-kidnapping-attempt\/43973170 ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/swiss-foreign-minister-warns-turkey-against-illegal-spying-111199 ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/eu-affairs\/2017\/05\/01\/as-anti-turkish-politics-grip-europe-turkish-swiss-policeman-arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-brings-key-feto-suspect-from-ukraine-to-turkey-134608<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.meforum.org\/60976\/turkish-spy-agency-mit-intelligence-gathering-australia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-court\/egypt-detains-29-people-on-suspicion-of-espionage-for-turkey-idUSKBN1DM1AN<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/33764\/In-Pictures-Egypt-foils-Turkish-espionage-attempt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-agency-brings-three-feto-members-from-gabon-to-turkey-130050<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/turkey\/turkish-intelligence-agency-rescues-a-kidnapped-italian-citizen-in-kenya-36192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20190807-libyan-national-army-turkish-intelligence-is-operating-in-tripoli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/11\/27\/senior-feto-figure-captured-by-turkish-intelligence-in-sudan\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

L'enqu\u00eate a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que ces trois soci\u00e9t\u00e9s n'en \u00e9taient qu'\u00e0 l'origine une, Gamma International UK Ltd. Winchester, contre qui une enqu\u00eate ouverte en 2013 par les autorit\u00e9s judiciaires britanniques[64]<\/sup><\/a> a \u00e9t\u00e9 bloqu\u00e9e, qui aurait mis l'entreprise sur la liste noire de l'OCDE[65]<\/sup><\/a> fin 2016 \u2013 une mesure qui interdit \u00e0 quiconque dans le monde de faire affaire avec ce groupe industriel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enqu\u00eate britannique s'est limit\u00e9e \u00e0 l'analyse de la vente de FinSpy \u00e0 Bahre\u00efn, tandis que l'enqu\u00eate allemande, accompagn\u00e9e d'un grand nombre de t\u00e9moignages de victimes de la terreur du r\u00e9gime d'Erdo\u011fan en Turquie et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, va beaucoup plus loin et constate que FinSpy a \u00e9t\u00e9 vendu ill\u00e9galement dans 36 pays[66]<\/sup><\/a>, il y a d'\u00e9normes centres de stockage de donn\u00e9es dans 11 pays[67]<\/sup><\/a>, de sorte qu'on soup\u00e7onne maintenant qu'il y a beaucoup d'autres crimes cach\u00e9s derri\u00e8re les faits connus[68]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est pourquoi le parquet de Munich a ordonn\u00e9 une perquisition des locaux de la capitale bavaroise, mais aussi de la branche roumaine du groupe Gamma International[69]<\/sup><\/a>, en octobre 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il est presque impossible de se d\u00e9fendre contre FinSpy : le malware s'installe avec de fausses mises \u00e0 jour d\u00e9guis\u00e9es en officielles, via des e-mails avec de fausses pi\u00e8ces jointes ou \u00e0 travers des failles de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans le logiciel \u2013 comme Avira[70]<\/sup><\/a> ou iTunes d'Apple \u2013 et ensuite via les fausses plates-formes du principaux moteurs de recherche, installations Mac et Linux[71]<\/sup><\/a>, programmes de messagerie \u00e9lectronique, r\u00e9seaux sociaux, sites Web pour les achats en ligne[72]<\/sup><\/a>. L\u00e0 o\u00f9 le malware de Gamma International ne parvient pas, celui de l'\u00e9quipe de piratage de David Vincenzetti[73]<\/sup><\/a> est l\u00e0[74]<\/sup><\/a>. Mais cette soci\u00e9t\u00e9 n'est plus l\u00e0, Gamma l'a surpass\u00e9e, ses fondateurs sont r\u00e9partis dans de nombreuses petites entreprises[75]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re les poup\u00e9es Matriochka?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

En 2015, le Citizen Lab Institute de Toronto avait identifi\u00e9 35 pays qui utilisaient ill\u00e9galement les applications du groupe Gamma \/ FinFisher<\/sub><\/strong>[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enqu\u00eate du parquet de Munich laisse un go\u00fbt un peu amer dans la bouche: comment est-il possible qu'une plainte de quatre ONG ait \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9cessaire pour enqu\u00eate ? Il est logique que le soup\u00e7on d'hypocrisie surgisse, surtout en sachant que les services secrets allemands (BND) avaient d\u00e9cern\u00e9 \u00e0 Stephan Oelkers de Gamma International les Big Brother Awards en 2012, car Gamma \u00e9tait \u00ab la meilleure entreprise au monde intrusion de syst\u00e8mes informatiques et installation de logiciels de surveillance<\/em> (...) Gamma propose ses services sur son site Internet \u2013 bien que le d\u00e9veloppement et la distribution de ce type de logiciel espion soient interdits par le droit p\u00e9nal allemand (Par. 282c StGB). Cependant, cela ne s'applique qu'aux clients priv\u00e9s, pas aux ventes aux autorit\u00e9s nationales ou \u00e0 la police secr\u00e8te d'une dictature \u00e9trang\u00e8re. C'est la raison pour laquelle le parquet de Munich a refus\u00e9 d'engager une proc\u00e9dure p\u00e9nale contre Gamma<\/em> \u00bb[77]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref : tout le monde savait tout, mais il y a huit ans, le procureur de Munich pensait que c'\u00e9tait une bagatelle tant que cette technologie monstrueuse \u00e9tait utilis\u00e9e par les dictatures pour opprimer leur propre peuple.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour \u00eatre pr\u00e9cis, nous en savons beaucoup sur les activit\u00e9s ill\u00e9gales de ce groupe depuis 1973 (lorsque les ordinateurs \u00e9taient des jouets et que l'espionnage consistait \u00e0 infiltrer des hommes louches dans des salles secr\u00e8tes \u00e0 l'aide d'un appareil microfilmant des documents interdits) de personnes dispers\u00e9es dans la campagne anglaise, dans le port de Hambourg, dans la capitale bavaroise ou dans les bidonvilles du Cap Town. L'histoire commence par un c\u00e2ble que l'ambassade am\u00e9ricaine \u00e0 Bonn a envoy\u00e9 aux autorit\u00e9s f\u00e9d\u00e9rales \u2013 un message signalant les activit\u00e9s suspectes d'un d\u00e9taillant d'\u00e9lectronique n\u00e9erlandais bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Hambourg, Peter Kluever[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La CIA d\u00e9cide d'investir dans cet homme, tout comme l'arm\u00e9e allemande. En 1981, ses deux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s PK Electronics et PKI Electronic Intelligence GmbH avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 des contrats avec le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. En 1983, le prince h\u00e9ritier d'Arabie saoudite, Abdullah Ibn Nasir IBn Abd al-Asis Al Sa'ud, visite Hambourg et les g\u00e9n\u00e9raux allemands lui montrent les effets de l'utilisation de la technologie Kluever sur l'efficacit\u00e9 et la cadence de tir des chars L\u00e9opard \u2013 qui le gouvernement de Moved Riyadh pour acqu\u00e9rir cette technologie[79]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 1987, Oelkers s'est envol\u00e9 pour P\u00e9kin pour une d\u00e9monstration de ses nouvelles puces et a ravi les g\u00e9n\u00e9raux chinois qui sont devenus une partie de sa client\u00e8le[80]<\/sup><\/a>. Dans le cadre des accords sign\u00e9s avec les \u00c9tats-Unis, \u00e0 partir de 1985, Kluever a vendu une technologie d'espionnage am\u00e9ricaine tr\u00e8s moderne (d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e par l'Ocean Applied Research Corporation \u00e0 San Diego[81]<\/sup><\/a> et distribu\u00e9e par le groupe CompuDyne Corporation en Pennsylvanie[82]<\/sup><\/a>) \u00e0 Muhammar Ghaddafi en Libye, \u00e0 Hafiz Al -Assad en Syrie, \u00e0 Haji Mohammad Suharto en Indon\u00e9sie \u2013 les trois pr\u00e9sidents l'utilisent pour intercepter les appels t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques et les \u00e9missions radio des opposants, des arm\u00e9es \u00e9trang\u00e8res et des groupes rebelles[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En vieillissant, Kluever vendra son entreprise (le PK Electronics Group \u00e0 Hambourg) \u00e0 deux ing\u00e9nieurs, l'Allemand Stephan Oelkers et l'Anglais William Louthean Nelson. Ce dernier avait commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 diriger le bureau de P\u00e9kin en 1985 et avait cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre soci\u00e9t\u00e9, Personal Protection Products Ltd. Hong Kong[84]<\/sup><\/a>, en 1992, qui jusqu'en 1994, via sa filiale de Hull[85]<\/sup><\/a>, vendait des dispositifs d'\u00e9coute utilis\u00e9s par les services secrets britanniques pour combattre l'IRA en Ulster[86]<\/sup><\/a>. Lorsque Kluever prendra sa retraite, PK Electronics sera transmis \u00e0 William Nelson et \u00e0 son fils Louthean John Alexander Nelson, les fondateurs du groupe Gamma International[87]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le sch\u00e9ma des participations du Groupe Gamma International ainsi que des personnes et soci\u00e9t\u00e9s associ\u00e9es \u2013 \u00a9 IBI World Ltd. London<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une nouvelle \u00e8re commence dans laquelle les anciennes \u00e9coutes t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques seront bient\u00f4t surmont\u00e9es et oubli\u00e9es. Le jeune Louthean commence \u00e0 travailler avec Niels J\u00f8rgen Tobiasen et ses deux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s : The CBRN Team Ltd. Londres[88]<\/sup><\/a> et The Phoenix Hazard Training Ltd. Darlington[89]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est une op\u00e9ration industrielle qui est n\u00e9e d'un contrat de fourniture d'armes chimiques, biologiques, radiologiques et nucl\u00e9aires \u00e0 l'Ouganda[90]<\/sup><\/a> qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9goci\u00e9 avec un membre du gouvernement, Ananias Tumukunde, qui avait accept\u00e9 un pot-de-vin de 40000 \u00a3[91]<\/sup><\/a>. Une op\u00e9ration qui s'est termin\u00e9e par l'arrestation de Tumukunde \u00e0 Kampala et de Tobiasen \u00e0 Londres en juillet 2007[92]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au cours de ces ann\u00e9es, Louthean Nelson a \u00e9galement tent\u00e9 de faciliter une collaboration avec l'\u00e9quipe de piratage de David Vincenzetti : avec l'un des meilleurs hackers du groupe milanais, Alberto Pelliccione, Nelson a essay\u00e9 apr\u00e8s un certain temps de trouver un syst\u00e8me pour pirater les appareils Nokia \u2013 mais Pelliccione change d\u2019avis quand il d\u00e9couvre que Nelson a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 livrer des armes aux pays touch\u00e9s par les sanctions internationales par l'interm\u00e9diaire d'une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qui a maintenant \u00e9t\u00e9 liquid\u00e9e, Cyan Engineering Services SAL Beirut[93]<\/sup><\/a>. Quelque chose avec lequel Pelliccione ne veut rien avoir \u00e0 voir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'entreprise suivante est peut-\u00eatre encore plus \u00e9tonnante : Nelson fonde Elaman et d\u00e9localise certaines activit\u00e9s en Suisse[94]<\/sup><\/a> parce qu'il fait de nouveau affaire avec l'ancien partenaire de son p\u00e8re, Stephan Oelkers. Oelkers a convaincu Nelson de d\u00e9placer son centre d'op\u00e9rations de Hambourg \u00e0 Munich et d'accepter un nouveau partenaire, Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt. Cela devrait travailler avec les services secrets autrichiens[95]<\/sup><\/a> et tenter de reprendre la station de Bad Aibling \u00e0 la NSA (American Military Intelligence)[96]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est une tentation imposante et extr\u00eamement symbolique : la station d'interception de Bad Aibling est n\u00e9e en 1936 comme a\u00e9roport militaire et centre radar de la Luftwaffe, et \u00e0 la fin de la guerre, l'arm\u00e9e am\u00e9ricaine l'a convertie en camp de transit pour les prisonniers de guerre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s et victimes des camps de concentration nationaux-socialistes. Un camp de concentration tr\u00e8s c\u00e9l\u00e8bre que les \u00e9crivains G\u00fcnther Grass et Joseph Ratzinger (le futur pape Beno\u00eet XVI)[97]<\/sup><\/a> ont travers\u00e9. De 1952 jusqu'\u00e0 la fermeture, demand\u00e9e par l'Union europ\u00e9enne en 2001 et r\u00e9alis\u00e9e en 2004 (officiellement, puisque l'installation \u00e9tait toujours en activit\u00e9 en 2013[98]<\/sup><\/a>), la NSA de Bad Aibling a assembl\u00e9 ses syst\u00e8mes Echelon[99]<\/sup><\/a> pour intercepter les communications t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques du plan\u00e8te enti\u00e8re[100]<\/sup><\/a>. La prise de contr\u00f4le de la station NSA aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 la cons\u00e9cration de Nelson et de ses employ\u00e9s \u00e0 une entreprise d'importance mondiale et au pouvoir presque illimit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les n\u00e9gociations n'\u00e9taient pas termin\u00e9es lorsque FinFisher a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 vendre son FinSpy \u00e0 la Turquie et le monde entier a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 voir le danger. Apr\u00e8s les recherches \u00e0 Munich, en Suisse et en Roumanie, Nelson a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 liquider toutes les entreprises le plus rapidement possible: certaines d'entre elles (Computplus Ltd., G2 Systems Ltd., Gamma 2000 Ltd., Gamma 2000 Waste Management Ltd., Gamma International (UK) Ltd.) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 liquid\u00e9s d\u00e9but f\u00e9vrier 2021 au moment de la r\u00e9daction de cet article[101]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'y a pas de retour en arri\u00e8re<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

14 avril 2007 : Plus d'un million de citoyens pacifiques protestent contre l'abolition de la libert\u00e9 et contre un r\u00e9gime qui a transform\u00e9 leur patrie en un enfer d'oppression, de violence et de mis\u00e8re. Une sc\u00e8ne d'humanit\u00e9 passionnante qui pourrait difficilement \u00eatre r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9e<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, cela ne change pas la substance des choses. Aujourd'hui, f\u00e9vrier 2021, le gouvernement et ses agences de renseignement dans au moins 40 pays \u00e0 travers le monde, dont la grande majorit\u00e9 est dirig\u00e9e par une dictature, ont entre les mains des logiciels qui vont non seulement au-del\u00e0 des sc\u00e9narios apocalyptiques d\u00e9crits par George Orwell, mais aussi du \"Br\u00e9sil<\/em>\" de Terry Gilliam : D\u00e9sormais, un r\u00e9gime n'a plus besoin de d\u00e9couvrir que quelqu'un pr\u00e9pare un complot pour les isoler, les torturer, les condamner et les exterminer. L'\u00c9tat peut cr\u00e9er des preuves d'un simple clic d'ordinateur, en utilisant un logiciel qui en un milli\u00e8me de seconde condamnera chacun de nous et impliquera chacun de nos proches dans notre destruction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 o\u00f9 l'ali\u00e9nation de l'individu du contexte commun a d\u00e9j\u00e0 atteint des proportions inqui\u00e9tantes, les logiciels d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s et vendus par une petite poign\u00e9e de criminels totalement inconnus du public ont permis \u00e0 l'humanit\u00e9 de s'engager sur un chemin de non-retour : celui o\u00f9 il n'y a plus rien de vrai et de v\u00e9rifiable dans lequel chacun de nous doit douter de qui est autour de nous, et m\u00eame (et plus encore) nous-m\u00eames.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La faiblesse et la superficialit\u00e9 avec lesquelles les gouvernements occidentaux (en particulier les \u00c9tats-Unis, l'Allemagne et le Royaume-Uni) ont permis \u00e0 ce logiciel d'\u00eatre distribu\u00e9 \u00e0 travers la plan\u00e8te pour des calculs purement \u00e9go\u00efstes sont impardonnables et le signe que 75 ans apr\u00e8s la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale , 30 ans apr\u00e8s la fin de la guerre froide, et la peur d'un conflit nucl\u00e9aire lorsque la nature se rebelle contre la mani\u00e8re insens\u00e9e dont nous la d\u00e9truisons, les gens ont franchi la limite ultime \u2013 ceux dans lesquels l'ennemi qui tue ne vient pas de l'ext\u00e9rieur, mais de l'int\u00e9rieur \u2013 et est inexorable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/65-in-yuzbinleri-6335051<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/6554851.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/laik-turkiye-icin-caglayan-a-6426626<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/3-miting-3-mesaj-6462629<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/izmir-rekor-bekliyor-6495436<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/turkey-used-german-spy-software-on-opposition-politicians-and-activists\/a-43787769<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/en\/content\/turkish-spy-networks-control-opponents<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-39416954<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.birgun.net\/haber\/iddia-pelikancilar-hakan-fidan-gitsin-diyor-283382<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trthaber.com\/haber\/gundem\/iletisim-baskanligi-berat-albayrakin-gorevden-af-talebi-kabul-edilmistir-529559.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/europe\/russia-accuses-president-erdogan-s-son-law-being-linked-isis-oil-trade-a6761436.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2016\/09\/turkey-redhackers-daunt-the-erdogan-family.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepressproject.gr\/exclusive-wikileaks-documents-relations-erdogan-isis-oil-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.duvarenglish.com\/sport\/2020\/02\/10\/politics-in-stadiums-fenerbahce-fans-urge-minister-albayrak-to-keep-hands-off-football<\/a> ; https:\/\/odatv4.com\/fenerbahceliler-damata-karsi-ayaga-kalkti-02022031.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Intelligence Online, \u201cHakan Fidan close to ministerial promotion<\/em>\u201d, see in 2020.11.18 Hakan Fidan Minister<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-launches-project-to-train-1-million-software-developers-154081<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> 2017.04.13 T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mill%C3%AE_%C4%B0stihbarat_Te%C5%9Fkil%C3%A2t%C4%B1#Leitung<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> Hakan Fidan on Nexis, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/t24.com.tr\/haber\/adanada-3-tir-durduruldu-arama-yapiliyor,248707<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> 1000 colpi di mortaio, 1000 colpi di artiglieria, 50\u2019000 fucili d'assalto e 30\u2019000 munizioni per mitragliatrice \u2013 see in https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529223636\/http:\/\/www.aktifhaber.com\/devlet-sirri-denilen-mit-tirlari-ile-ilgili-tapeler-1053377h.htm#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.haber7.com\/guncel\/haber\/1121773-mit-tirlari-neden-durduruldu ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aljazeera.com.tr\/haber\/mit-tirlari-boyle-durduruldu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/bianet.org\/bianet\/insan-haklari\/155519-tir-lari-durdurmakla-suclanan-13-askere-muebbet-istendi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milliyet.com.tr\/gundem\/mit-tirlari-olayinda-yeni-gelisme-5-savci-gorevden-uzaklastirildi-1999064<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/erdogandan-canli-yayinda-can-dundara-tehdit-288885<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.faz.net\/aktuell\/politik\/ausland\/europa\/tuerkei\/tuerkei-kampf-gegen-die-soldaten-des-lichts-12715816.html?printPagedArticle=true#pageIndex_3<\/a> ; https:\/\/taz.de\/Wie-Guelen-zum-Staatsfeind-Nr-1-wurde\/!5323191\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2021\/02\/03\/son-dakika-istihbarattaki-fetocu-generalden-bomba-itiraflar-tegmen-rutbemi-fetullah-gulen-takti<\/a> ; https:\/\/tr.sputniknews.com\/turkiye\/202001211041211454-sozcu-ilker-basbugu-cezaevine-attiran-feto-mektubunu-acikliyoruz\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.genios.de\/presse-archiv\/artikel\/FAZ\/20171111\/jagd-auf-die-guelenisten\/FR1201711115279571.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nadir.org\/nadir\/initiativ\/isku\/hintergrund\/geheimdienste\/geheim994.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/tuerkischer-geheimdienst-liess-erdogan-gegner-in-deutschland-ausspionieren\/12027820.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article157778863\/Erdogans-Agenten-bedrohen-Tuerken-in-Deutschland.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html ;  https:\/\/www.derstandard.at\/story\/1397522175727\/geheimdienst-staat-tuerkei<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2020\/09\/turkey-austria-spy-nehammer-kurdish-clashes-protests-vienna.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/austria-turkey-espionage-int-idUSKBN25S4R5<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/10\/13\/world\/europe\/turkey-austria-erdogan-assassin.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/global-europe\/news\/flemish-minister-turkish-sponosred-mosque-is-nest-of-spies\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/07\/06\/influenced-by-gulenists-belgium-targets-turkish-mosques-fighting-extremism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/erdogan-critics-listed-by-turkish-embassy-in-prague-were-included-in-bogus-terrorism-probe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turk-greek-ties-strained-by-arson-row-10324<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-greece-germany-spying\/greek-police-arrest-german-on-suspicion-of-spying-idUSBRE97208820130803<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kathimerini.gr\/society\/896001\/istories-me-kataskopoys-sto-aigaio\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.larissanet.gr\/2019\/06\/21\/dikazetai-sti-rodo-kataskopos-tis-tourkias\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/ahvalnews.com\/mit\/turkish-intelligence-recruits-eu-retirees-spy-greece<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/04\/turkish-intelligence-operations-targeting-critics-in-greece-exposed-in-secret-documents\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/intelnews.org\/2016\/12\/09\/01-2023\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/more-secret-documents-confirming-vast-turkish-espionage-activities-in-greece-uncovered\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.skai.gr\/news\/greece\/dyo-syllipseis-ellinon-gia-kataskopeia-sti-rodo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-kosovo-security-turkey-idUSKBN1H70CC<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/opinion\/murat-yetkin\/turkish-intelligence-unveils-secret-codes-used-before-coup-attempt-103843<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2018\/09\/turkish-teachers-detained-moldova-gulen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/balkaninsight.com\/2018\/09\/06\/six-turkish-professors-detained-by-moldovan-secret-services-09-06-2018\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/turkeypurge.com\/turkey-spying-imams-active-also-in-norway<\/a> ; https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/turkeys-autocratic-president-erdogans-spying-profiling-expands-in-norway\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/kafila.org\/www-matthewaid-com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/report-sweden-launches-espionage-probe-into-turkish-govt-representatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/politics\/undiplomatic_swiss-eye-alleged-turkish-kidnapping-attempt\/43973170 ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/swiss-foreign-minister-warns-turkey-against-illegal-spying-111199 ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/eu-affairs\/2017\/05\/01\/as-anti-turkish-politics-grip-europe-turkish-swiss-policeman-arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-brings-key-feto-suspect-from-ukraine-to-turkey-134608<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.meforum.org\/60976\/turkish-spy-agency-mit-intelligence-gathering-australia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-court\/egypt-detains-29-people-on-suspicion-of-espionage-for-turkey-idUSKBN1DM1AN<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/33764\/In-Pictures-Egypt-foils-Turkish-espionage-attempt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-agency-brings-three-feto-members-from-gabon-to-turkey-130050<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/turkey\/turkish-intelligence-agency-rescues-a-kidnapped-italian-citizen-in-kenya-36192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20190807-libyan-national-army-turkish-intelligence-is-operating-in-tripoli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/11\/27\/senior-feto-figure-captured-by-turkish-intelligence-in-sudan\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Le parquet de Munich lance une enqu\u00eate p\u00e9nale sur la base des preuves pr\u00e9sent\u00e9es par ces ONG : les entreprises bavaroises susmentionn\u00e9es ont viol\u00e9 la loi sur le commerce ext\u00e9rieur[62]<\/sup><\/a> sur au moins six points et ont non seulement vendu FinSpy \u00e0 la Turquie, mais aussi aux gouvernements de nombreux autres pays, y compris Bahre\u00efn, l'\u00c9gypte, l'\u00c9thiopie, la Libye, le Kazakhstan, l'Arabie saoudite et le Venezuela[63]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 tous des pays qui soul\u00e8vent de graves pr\u00e9occupations quant \u00e0 la nature d\u00e9mocratique du syst\u00e8me politique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enqu\u00eate a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que ces trois soci\u00e9t\u00e9s n'en \u00e9taient qu'\u00e0 l'origine une, Gamma International UK Ltd. Winchester, contre qui une enqu\u00eate ouverte en 2013 par les autorit\u00e9s judiciaires britanniques[64]<\/sup><\/a> a \u00e9t\u00e9 bloqu\u00e9e, qui aurait mis l'entreprise sur la liste noire de l'OCDE[65]<\/sup><\/a> fin 2016 \u2013 une mesure qui interdit \u00e0 quiconque dans le monde de faire affaire avec ce groupe industriel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enqu\u00eate britannique s'est limit\u00e9e \u00e0 l'analyse de la vente de FinSpy \u00e0 Bahre\u00efn, tandis que l'enqu\u00eate allemande, accompagn\u00e9e d'un grand nombre de t\u00e9moignages de victimes de la terreur du r\u00e9gime d'Erdo\u011fan en Turquie et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, va beaucoup plus loin et constate que FinSpy a \u00e9t\u00e9 vendu ill\u00e9galement dans 36 pays[66]<\/sup><\/a>, il y a d'\u00e9normes centres de stockage de donn\u00e9es dans 11 pays[67]<\/sup><\/a>, de sorte qu'on soup\u00e7onne maintenant qu'il y a beaucoup d'autres crimes cach\u00e9s derri\u00e8re les faits connus[68]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est pourquoi le parquet de Munich a ordonn\u00e9 une perquisition des locaux de la capitale bavaroise, mais aussi de la branche roumaine du groupe Gamma International[69]<\/sup><\/a>, en octobre 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il est presque impossible de se d\u00e9fendre contre FinSpy : le malware s'installe avec de fausses mises \u00e0 jour d\u00e9guis\u00e9es en officielles, via des e-mails avec de fausses pi\u00e8ces jointes ou \u00e0 travers des failles de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans le logiciel \u2013 comme Avira[70]<\/sup><\/a> ou iTunes d'Apple \u2013 et ensuite via les fausses plates-formes du principaux moteurs de recherche, installations Mac et Linux[71]<\/sup><\/a>, programmes de messagerie \u00e9lectronique, r\u00e9seaux sociaux, sites Web pour les achats en ligne[72]<\/sup><\/a>. L\u00e0 o\u00f9 le malware de Gamma International ne parvient pas, celui de l'\u00e9quipe de piratage de David Vincenzetti[73]<\/sup><\/a> est l\u00e0[74]<\/sup><\/a>. Mais cette soci\u00e9t\u00e9 n'est plus l\u00e0, Gamma l'a surpass\u00e9e, ses fondateurs sont r\u00e9partis dans de nombreuses petites entreprises[75]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re les poup\u00e9es Matriochka?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

En 2015, le Citizen Lab Institute de Toronto avait identifi\u00e9 35 pays qui utilisaient ill\u00e9galement les applications du groupe Gamma \/ FinFisher<\/sub><\/strong>[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enqu\u00eate du parquet de Munich laisse un go\u00fbt un peu amer dans la bouche: comment est-il possible qu'une plainte de quatre ONG ait \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9cessaire pour enqu\u00eate ? Il est logique que le soup\u00e7on d'hypocrisie surgisse, surtout en sachant que les services secrets allemands (BND) avaient d\u00e9cern\u00e9 \u00e0 Stephan Oelkers de Gamma International les Big Brother Awards en 2012, car Gamma \u00e9tait \u00ab la meilleure entreprise au monde intrusion de syst\u00e8mes informatiques et installation de logiciels de surveillance<\/em> (...) Gamma propose ses services sur son site Internet \u2013 bien que le d\u00e9veloppement et la distribution de ce type de logiciel espion soient interdits par le droit p\u00e9nal allemand (Par. 282c StGB). Cependant, cela ne s'applique qu'aux clients priv\u00e9s, pas aux ventes aux autorit\u00e9s nationales ou \u00e0 la police secr\u00e8te d'une dictature \u00e9trang\u00e8re. C'est la raison pour laquelle le parquet de Munich a refus\u00e9 d'engager une proc\u00e9dure p\u00e9nale contre Gamma<\/em> \u00bb[77]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref : tout le monde savait tout, mais il y a huit ans, le procureur de Munich pensait que c'\u00e9tait une bagatelle tant que cette technologie monstrueuse \u00e9tait utilis\u00e9e par les dictatures pour opprimer leur propre peuple.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour \u00eatre pr\u00e9cis, nous en savons beaucoup sur les activit\u00e9s ill\u00e9gales de ce groupe depuis 1973 (lorsque les ordinateurs \u00e9taient des jouets et que l'espionnage consistait \u00e0 infiltrer des hommes louches dans des salles secr\u00e8tes \u00e0 l'aide d'un appareil microfilmant des documents interdits) de personnes dispers\u00e9es dans la campagne anglaise, dans le port de Hambourg, dans la capitale bavaroise ou dans les bidonvilles du Cap Town. L'histoire commence par un c\u00e2ble que l'ambassade am\u00e9ricaine \u00e0 Bonn a envoy\u00e9 aux autorit\u00e9s f\u00e9d\u00e9rales \u2013 un message signalant les activit\u00e9s suspectes d'un d\u00e9taillant d'\u00e9lectronique n\u00e9erlandais bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Hambourg, Peter Kluever[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La CIA d\u00e9cide d'investir dans cet homme, tout comme l'arm\u00e9e allemande. En 1981, ses deux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s PK Electronics et PKI Electronic Intelligence GmbH avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 des contrats avec le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. En 1983, le prince h\u00e9ritier d'Arabie saoudite, Abdullah Ibn Nasir IBn Abd al-Asis Al Sa'ud, visite Hambourg et les g\u00e9n\u00e9raux allemands lui montrent les effets de l'utilisation de la technologie Kluever sur l'efficacit\u00e9 et la cadence de tir des chars L\u00e9opard \u2013 qui le gouvernement de Moved Riyadh pour acqu\u00e9rir cette technologie[79]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 1987, Oelkers s'est envol\u00e9 pour P\u00e9kin pour une d\u00e9monstration de ses nouvelles puces et a ravi les g\u00e9n\u00e9raux chinois qui sont devenus une partie de sa client\u00e8le[80]<\/sup><\/a>. Dans le cadre des accords sign\u00e9s avec les \u00c9tats-Unis, \u00e0 partir de 1985, Kluever a vendu une technologie d'espionnage am\u00e9ricaine tr\u00e8s moderne (d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e par l'Ocean Applied Research Corporation \u00e0 San Diego[81]<\/sup><\/a> et distribu\u00e9e par le groupe CompuDyne Corporation en Pennsylvanie[82]<\/sup><\/a>) \u00e0 Muhammar Ghaddafi en Libye, \u00e0 Hafiz Al -Assad en Syrie, \u00e0 Haji Mohammad Suharto en Indon\u00e9sie \u2013 les trois pr\u00e9sidents l'utilisent pour intercepter les appels t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques et les \u00e9missions radio des opposants, des arm\u00e9es \u00e9trang\u00e8res et des groupes rebelles[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En vieillissant, Kluever vendra son entreprise (le PK Electronics Group \u00e0 Hambourg) \u00e0 deux ing\u00e9nieurs, l'Allemand Stephan Oelkers et l'Anglais William Louthean Nelson. Ce dernier avait commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 diriger le bureau de P\u00e9kin en 1985 et avait cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre soci\u00e9t\u00e9, Personal Protection Products Ltd. Hong Kong[84]<\/sup><\/a>, en 1992, qui jusqu'en 1994, via sa filiale de Hull[85]<\/sup><\/a>, vendait des dispositifs d'\u00e9coute utilis\u00e9s par les services secrets britanniques pour combattre l'IRA en Ulster[86]<\/sup><\/a>. Lorsque Kluever prendra sa retraite, PK Electronics sera transmis \u00e0 William Nelson et \u00e0 son fils Louthean John Alexander Nelson, les fondateurs du groupe Gamma International[87]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le sch\u00e9ma des participations du Groupe Gamma International ainsi que des personnes et soci\u00e9t\u00e9s associ\u00e9es \u2013 \u00a9 IBI World Ltd. London<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une nouvelle \u00e8re commence dans laquelle les anciennes \u00e9coutes t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques seront bient\u00f4t surmont\u00e9es et oubli\u00e9es. Le jeune Louthean commence \u00e0 travailler avec Niels J\u00f8rgen Tobiasen et ses deux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s : The CBRN Team Ltd. Londres[88]<\/sup><\/a> et The Phoenix Hazard Training Ltd. Darlington[89]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est une op\u00e9ration industrielle qui est n\u00e9e d'un contrat de fourniture d'armes chimiques, biologiques, radiologiques et nucl\u00e9aires \u00e0 l'Ouganda[90]<\/sup><\/a> qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9goci\u00e9 avec un membre du gouvernement, Ananias Tumukunde, qui avait accept\u00e9 un pot-de-vin de 40000 \u00a3[91]<\/sup><\/a>. Une op\u00e9ration qui s'est termin\u00e9e par l'arrestation de Tumukunde \u00e0 Kampala et de Tobiasen \u00e0 Londres en juillet 2007[92]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au cours de ces ann\u00e9es, Louthean Nelson a \u00e9galement tent\u00e9 de faciliter une collaboration avec l'\u00e9quipe de piratage de David Vincenzetti : avec l'un des meilleurs hackers du groupe milanais, Alberto Pelliccione, Nelson a essay\u00e9 apr\u00e8s un certain temps de trouver un syst\u00e8me pour pirater les appareils Nokia \u2013 mais Pelliccione change d\u2019avis quand il d\u00e9couvre que Nelson a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 livrer des armes aux pays touch\u00e9s par les sanctions internationales par l'interm\u00e9diaire d'une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qui a maintenant \u00e9t\u00e9 liquid\u00e9e, Cyan Engineering Services SAL Beirut[93]<\/sup><\/a>. Quelque chose avec lequel Pelliccione ne veut rien avoir \u00e0 voir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'entreprise suivante est peut-\u00eatre encore plus \u00e9tonnante : Nelson fonde Elaman et d\u00e9localise certaines activit\u00e9s en Suisse[94]<\/sup><\/a> parce qu'il fait de nouveau affaire avec l'ancien partenaire de son p\u00e8re, Stephan Oelkers. Oelkers a convaincu Nelson de d\u00e9placer son centre d'op\u00e9rations de Hambourg \u00e0 Munich et d'accepter un nouveau partenaire, Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt. Cela devrait travailler avec les services secrets autrichiens[95]<\/sup><\/a> et tenter de reprendre la station de Bad Aibling \u00e0 la NSA (American Military Intelligence)[96]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est une tentation imposante et extr\u00eamement symbolique : la station d'interception de Bad Aibling est n\u00e9e en 1936 comme a\u00e9roport militaire et centre radar de la Luftwaffe, et \u00e0 la fin de la guerre, l'arm\u00e9e am\u00e9ricaine l'a convertie en camp de transit pour les prisonniers de guerre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s et victimes des camps de concentration nationaux-socialistes. Un camp de concentration tr\u00e8s c\u00e9l\u00e8bre que les \u00e9crivains G\u00fcnther Grass et Joseph Ratzinger (le futur pape Beno\u00eet XVI)[97]<\/sup><\/a> ont travers\u00e9. De 1952 jusqu'\u00e0 la fermeture, demand\u00e9e par l'Union europ\u00e9enne en 2001 et r\u00e9alis\u00e9e en 2004 (officiellement, puisque l'installation \u00e9tait toujours en activit\u00e9 en 2013[98]<\/sup><\/a>), la NSA de Bad Aibling a assembl\u00e9 ses syst\u00e8mes Echelon[99]<\/sup><\/a> pour intercepter les communications t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques du plan\u00e8te enti\u00e8re[100]<\/sup><\/a>. La prise de contr\u00f4le de la station NSA aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 la cons\u00e9cration de Nelson et de ses employ\u00e9s \u00e0 une entreprise d'importance mondiale et au pouvoir presque illimit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les n\u00e9gociations n'\u00e9taient pas termin\u00e9es lorsque FinFisher a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 vendre son FinSpy \u00e0 la Turquie et le monde entier a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 voir le danger. Apr\u00e8s les recherches \u00e0 Munich, en Suisse et en Roumanie, Nelson a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 liquider toutes les entreprises le plus rapidement possible: certaines d'entre elles (Computplus Ltd., G2 Systems Ltd., Gamma 2000 Ltd., Gamma 2000 Waste Management Ltd., Gamma International (UK) Ltd.) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 liquid\u00e9s d\u00e9but f\u00e9vrier 2021 au moment de la r\u00e9daction de cet article[101]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'y a pas de retour en arri\u00e8re<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

14 avril 2007 : Plus d'un million de citoyens pacifiques protestent contre l'abolition de la libert\u00e9 et contre un r\u00e9gime qui a transform\u00e9 leur patrie en un enfer d'oppression, de violence et de mis\u00e8re. Une sc\u00e8ne d'humanit\u00e9 passionnante qui pourrait difficilement \u00eatre r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9e<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, cela ne change pas la substance des choses. Aujourd'hui, f\u00e9vrier 2021, le gouvernement et ses agences de renseignement dans au moins 40 pays \u00e0 travers le monde, dont la grande majorit\u00e9 est dirig\u00e9e par une dictature, ont entre les mains des logiciels qui vont non seulement au-del\u00e0 des sc\u00e9narios apocalyptiques d\u00e9crits par George Orwell, mais aussi du \"Br\u00e9sil<\/em>\" de Terry Gilliam : D\u00e9sormais, un r\u00e9gime n'a plus besoin de d\u00e9couvrir que quelqu'un pr\u00e9pare un complot pour les isoler, les torturer, les condamner et les exterminer. L'\u00c9tat peut cr\u00e9er des preuves d'un simple clic d'ordinateur, en utilisant un logiciel qui en un milli\u00e8me de seconde condamnera chacun de nous et impliquera chacun de nos proches dans notre destruction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 o\u00f9 l'ali\u00e9nation de l'individu du contexte commun a d\u00e9j\u00e0 atteint des proportions inqui\u00e9tantes, les logiciels d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s et vendus par une petite poign\u00e9e de criminels totalement inconnus du public ont permis \u00e0 l'humanit\u00e9 de s'engager sur un chemin de non-retour : celui o\u00f9 il n'y a plus rien de vrai et de v\u00e9rifiable dans lequel chacun de nous doit douter de qui est autour de nous, et m\u00eame (et plus encore) nous-m\u00eames.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La faiblesse et la superficialit\u00e9 avec lesquelles les gouvernements occidentaux (en particulier les \u00c9tats-Unis, l'Allemagne et le Royaume-Uni) ont permis \u00e0 ce logiciel d'\u00eatre distribu\u00e9 \u00e0 travers la plan\u00e8te pour des calculs purement \u00e9go\u00efstes sont impardonnables et le signe que 75 ans apr\u00e8s la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale , 30 ans apr\u00e8s la fin de la guerre froide, et la peur d'un conflit nucl\u00e9aire lorsque la nature se rebelle contre la mani\u00e8re insens\u00e9e dont nous la d\u00e9truisons, les gens ont franchi la limite ultime \u2013 ceux dans lesquels l'ennemi qui tue ne vient pas de l'ext\u00e9rieur, mais de l'int\u00e9rieur \u2013 et est inexorable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/65-in-yuzbinleri-6335051<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/6554851.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/laik-turkiye-icin-caglayan-a-6426626<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/3-miting-3-mesaj-6462629<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/izmir-rekor-bekliyor-6495436<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/turkey-used-german-spy-software-on-opposition-politicians-and-activists\/a-43787769<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/en\/content\/turkish-spy-networks-control-opponents<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-39416954<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.birgun.net\/haber\/iddia-pelikancilar-hakan-fidan-gitsin-diyor-283382<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trthaber.com\/haber\/gundem\/iletisim-baskanligi-berat-albayrakin-gorevden-af-talebi-kabul-edilmistir-529559.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/europe\/russia-accuses-president-erdogan-s-son-law-being-linked-isis-oil-trade-a6761436.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2016\/09\/turkey-redhackers-daunt-the-erdogan-family.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepressproject.gr\/exclusive-wikileaks-documents-relations-erdogan-isis-oil-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.duvarenglish.com\/sport\/2020\/02\/10\/politics-in-stadiums-fenerbahce-fans-urge-minister-albayrak-to-keep-hands-off-football<\/a> ; https:\/\/odatv4.com\/fenerbahceliler-damata-karsi-ayaga-kalkti-02022031.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Intelligence Online, \u201cHakan Fidan close to ministerial promotion<\/em>\u201d, see in 2020.11.18 Hakan Fidan Minister<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-launches-project-to-train-1-million-software-developers-154081<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> 2017.04.13 T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mill%C3%AE_%C4%B0stihbarat_Te%C5%9Fkil%C3%A2t%C4%B1#Leitung<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> Hakan Fidan on Nexis, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/t24.com.tr\/haber\/adanada-3-tir-durduruldu-arama-yapiliyor,248707<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> 1000 colpi di mortaio, 1000 colpi di artiglieria, 50\u2019000 fucili d'assalto e 30\u2019000 munizioni per mitragliatrice \u2013 see in https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529223636\/http:\/\/www.aktifhaber.com\/devlet-sirri-denilen-mit-tirlari-ile-ilgili-tapeler-1053377h.htm#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.haber7.com\/guncel\/haber\/1121773-mit-tirlari-neden-durduruldu ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aljazeera.com.tr\/haber\/mit-tirlari-boyle-durduruldu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/bianet.org\/bianet\/insan-haklari\/155519-tir-lari-durdurmakla-suclanan-13-askere-muebbet-istendi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milliyet.com.tr\/gundem\/mit-tirlari-olayinda-yeni-gelisme-5-savci-gorevden-uzaklastirildi-1999064<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/erdogandan-canli-yayinda-can-dundara-tehdit-288885<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.faz.net\/aktuell\/politik\/ausland\/europa\/tuerkei\/tuerkei-kampf-gegen-die-soldaten-des-lichts-12715816.html?printPagedArticle=true#pageIndex_3<\/a> ; https:\/\/taz.de\/Wie-Guelen-zum-Staatsfeind-Nr-1-wurde\/!5323191\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2021\/02\/03\/son-dakika-istihbarattaki-fetocu-generalden-bomba-itiraflar-tegmen-rutbemi-fetullah-gulen-takti<\/a> ; https:\/\/tr.sputniknews.com\/turkiye\/202001211041211454-sozcu-ilker-basbugu-cezaevine-attiran-feto-mektubunu-acikliyoruz\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.genios.de\/presse-archiv\/artikel\/FAZ\/20171111\/jagd-auf-die-guelenisten\/FR1201711115279571.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nadir.org\/nadir\/initiativ\/isku\/hintergrund\/geheimdienste\/geheim994.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/tuerkischer-geheimdienst-liess-erdogan-gegner-in-deutschland-ausspionieren\/12027820.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article157778863\/Erdogans-Agenten-bedrohen-Tuerken-in-Deutschland.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html ;  https:\/\/www.derstandard.at\/story\/1397522175727\/geheimdienst-staat-tuerkei<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2020\/09\/turkey-austria-spy-nehammer-kurdish-clashes-protests-vienna.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/austria-turkey-espionage-int-idUSKBN25S4R5<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/10\/13\/world\/europe\/turkey-austria-erdogan-assassin.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/global-europe\/news\/flemish-minister-turkish-sponosred-mosque-is-nest-of-spies\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/07\/06\/influenced-by-gulenists-belgium-targets-turkish-mosques-fighting-extremism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/erdogan-critics-listed-by-turkish-embassy-in-prague-were-included-in-bogus-terrorism-probe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turk-greek-ties-strained-by-arson-row-10324<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-greece-germany-spying\/greek-police-arrest-german-on-suspicion-of-spying-idUSBRE97208820130803<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kathimerini.gr\/society\/896001\/istories-me-kataskopoys-sto-aigaio\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.larissanet.gr\/2019\/06\/21\/dikazetai-sti-rodo-kataskopos-tis-tourkias\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/ahvalnews.com\/mit\/turkish-intelligence-recruits-eu-retirees-spy-greece<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/04\/turkish-intelligence-operations-targeting-critics-in-greece-exposed-in-secret-documents\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/intelnews.org\/2016\/12\/09\/01-2023\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/more-secret-documents-confirming-vast-turkish-espionage-activities-in-greece-uncovered\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.skai.gr\/news\/greece\/dyo-syllipseis-ellinon-gia-kataskopeia-sti-rodo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-kosovo-security-turkey-idUSKBN1H70CC<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/opinion\/murat-yetkin\/turkish-intelligence-unveils-secret-codes-used-before-coup-attempt-103843<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2018\/09\/turkish-teachers-detained-moldova-gulen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/balkaninsight.com\/2018\/09\/06\/six-turkish-professors-detained-by-moldovan-secret-services-09-06-2018\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/turkeypurge.com\/turkey-spying-imams-active-also-in-norway<\/a> ; https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/turkeys-autocratic-president-erdogans-spying-profiling-expands-in-norway\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/kafila.org\/www-matthewaid-com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/report-sweden-launches-espionage-probe-into-turkish-govt-representatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/politics\/undiplomatic_swiss-eye-alleged-turkish-kidnapping-attempt\/43973170 ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/swiss-foreign-minister-warns-turkey-against-illegal-spying-111199 ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/eu-affairs\/2017\/05\/01\/as-anti-turkish-politics-grip-europe-turkish-swiss-policeman-arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-brings-key-feto-suspect-from-ukraine-to-turkey-134608<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.meforum.org\/60976\/turkish-spy-agency-mit-intelligence-gathering-australia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-court\/egypt-detains-29-people-on-suspicion-of-espionage-for-turkey-idUSKBN1DM1AN<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/33764\/In-Pictures-Egypt-foils-Turkish-espionage-attempt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-agency-brings-three-feto-members-from-gabon-to-turkey-130050<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/turkey\/turkish-intelligence-agency-rescues-a-kidnapped-italian-citizen-in-kenya-36192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20190807-libyan-national-army-turkish-intelligence-is-operating-in-tripoli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/11\/27\/senior-feto-figure-captured-by-turkish-intelligence-in-sudan\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


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[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Le syst\u00e8me complexe de contr\u00f4le, de piratage, d'interception et de falsification n\u00e9cessaire pour surveiller des millions de personnes n'est pas un jouet. Des ONG de toute l'Europe recherchent qui a d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 une telle technologie et l'a trouv\u00e9e en Allemagne \u2013 elle s'appelle FinSpy et est produite par trois soci\u00e9t\u00e9s du groupe Gamma International : FinFisher GmbH Munich, FinFisher Labs GmbH Munich et Elaman GmbH Munich. Quatre organisations ont pu le prouver \u00e0 la justice allemande[57]<\/sup><\/a> : Reporters sans fronti\u00e8res de Berlin (actif dans toute l'Europe, principalement pr\u00e9occup\u00e9 par la libert\u00e9 de la presse[58]<\/sup><\/a>), GFF Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Freiheitsrechte de Berlin (tr\u00e8s active dans la surveillance des activit\u00e9s ill\u00e9gales du BND et d'autres services secrets allemands[59]<\/sup><\/a>), Netzpolitik.org \u00e0 Berlin (un journal en ligne[60]<\/sup><\/a>) et le Centre europ\u00e9en pour la Constitution et les droits de l'homme \u00e0 Berlin[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le parquet de Munich lance une enqu\u00eate p\u00e9nale sur la base des preuves pr\u00e9sent\u00e9es par ces ONG : les entreprises bavaroises susmentionn\u00e9es ont viol\u00e9 la loi sur le commerce ext\u00e9rieur[62]<\/sup><\/a> sur au moins six points et ont non seulement vendu FinSpy \u00e0 la Turquie, mais aussi aux gouvernements de nombreux autres pays, y compris Bahre\u00efn, l'\u00c9gypte, l'\u00c9thiopie, la Libye, le Kazakhstan, l'Arabie saoudite et le Venezuela[63]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 tous des pays qui soul\u00e8vent de graves pr\u00e9occupations quant \u00e0 la nature d\u00e9mocratique du syst\u00e8me politique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enqu\u00eate a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que ces trois soci\u00e9t\u00e9s n'en \u00e9taient qu'\u00e0 l'origine une, Gamma International UK Ltd. Winchester, contre qui une enqu\u00eate ouverte en 2013 par les autorit\u00e9s judiciaires britanniques[64]<\/sup><\/a> a \u00e9t\u00e9 bloqu\u00e9e, qui aurait mis l'entreprise sur la liste noire de l'OCDE[65]<\/sup><\/a> fin 2016 \u2013 une mesure qui interdit \u00e0 quiconque dans le monde de faire affaire avec ce groupe industriel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enqu\u00eate britannique s'est limit\u00e9e \u00e0 l'analyse de la vente de FinSpy \u00e0 Bahre\u00efn, tandis que l'enqu\u00eate allemande, accompagn\u00e9e d'un grand nombre de t\u00e9moignages de victimes de la terreur du r\u00e9gime d'Erdo\u011fan en Turquie et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, va beaucoup plus loin et constate que FinSpy a \u00e9t\u00e9 vendu ill\u00e9galement dans 36 pays[66]<\/sup><\/a>, il y a d'\u00e9normes centres de stockage de donn\u00e9es dans 11 pays[67]<\/sup><\/a>, de sorte qu'on soup\u00e7onne maintenant qu'il y a beaucoup d'autres crimes cach\u00e9s derri\u00e8re les faits connus[68]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est pourquoi le parquet de Munich a ordonn\u00e9 une perquisition des locaux de la capitale bavaroise, mais aussi de la branche roumaine du groupe Gamma International[69]<\/sup><\/a>, en octobre 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il est presque impossible de se d\u00e9fendre contre FinSpy : le malware s'installe avec de fausses mises \u00e0 jour d\u00e9guis\u00e9es en officielles, via des e-mails avec de fausses pi\u00e8ces jointes ou \u00e0 travers des failles de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans le logiciel \u2013 comme Avira[70]<\/sup><\/a> ou iTunes d'Apple \u2013 et ensuite via les fausses plates-formes du principaux moteurs de recherche, installations Mac et Linux[71]<\/sup><\/a>, programmes de messagerie \u00e9lectronique, r\u00e9seaux sociaux, sites Web pour les achats en ligne[72]<\/sup><\/a>. L\u00e0 o\u00f9 le malware de Gamma International ne parvient pas, celui de l'\u00e9quipe de piratage de David Vincenzetti[73]<\/sup><\/a> est l\u00e0[74]<\/sup><\/a>. Mais cette soci\u00e9t\u00e9 n'est plus l\u00e0, Gamma l'a surpass\u00e9e, ses fondateurs sont r\u00e9partis dans de nombreuses petites entreprises[75]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re les poup\u00e9es Matriochka?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

En 2015, le Citizen Lab Institute de Toronto avait identifi\u00e9 35 pays qui utilisaient ill\u00e9galement les applications du groupe Gamma \/ FinFisher<\/sub><\/strong>[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enqu\u00eate du parquet de Munich laisse un go\u00fbt un peu amer dans la bouche: comment est-il possible qu'une plainte de quatre ONG ait \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9cessaire pour enqu\u00eate ? Il est logique que le soup\u00e7on d'hypocrisie surgisse, surtout en sachant que les services secrets allemands (BND) avaient d\u00e9cern\u00e9 \u00e0 Stephan Oelkers de Gamma International les Big Brother Awards en 2012, car Gamma \u00e9tait \u00ab la meilleure entreprise au monde intrusion de syst\u00e8mes informatiques et installation de logiciels de surveillance<\/em> (...) Gamma propose ses services sur son site Internet \u2013 bien que le d\u00e9veloppement et la distribution de ce type de logiciel espion soient interdits par le droit p\u00e9nal allemand (Par. 282c StGB). Cependant, cela ne s'applique qu'aux clients priv\u00e9s, pas aux ventes aux autorit\u00e9s nationales ou \u00e0 la police secr\u00e8te d'une dictature \u00e9trang\u00e8re. C'est la raison pour laquelle le parquet de Munich a refus\u00e9 d'engager une proc\u00e9dure p\u00e9nale contre Gamma<\/em> \u00bb[77]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref : tout le monde savait tout, mais il y a huit ans, le procureur de Munich pensait que c'\u00e9tait une bagatelle tant que cette technologie monstrueuse \u00e9tait utilis\u00e9e par les dictatures pour opprimer leur propre peuple.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour \u00eatre pr\u00e9cis, nous en savons beaucoup sur les activit\u00e9s ill\u00e9gales de ce groupe depuis 1973 (lorsque les ordinateurs \u00e9taient des jouets et que l'espionnage consistait \u00e0 infiltrer des hommes louches dans des salles secr\u00e8tes \u00e0 l'aide d'un appareil microfilmant des documents interdits) de personnes dispers\u00e9es dans la campagne anglaise, dans le port de Hambourg, dans la capitale bavaroise ou dans les bidonvilles du Cap Town. L'histoire commence par un c\u00e2ble que l'ambassade am\u00e9ricaine \u00e0 Bonn a envoy\u00e9 aux autorit\u00e9s f\u00e9d\u00e9rales \u2013 un message signalant les activit\u00e9s suspectes d'un d\u00e9taillant d'\u00e9lectronique n\u00e9erlandais bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Hambourg, Peter Kluever[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La CIA d\u00e9cide d'investir dans cet homme, tout comme l'arm\u00e9e allemande. En 1981, ses deux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s PK Electronics et PKI Electronic Intelligence GmbH avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 des contrats avec le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. En 1983, le prince h\u00e9ritier d'Arabie saoudite, Abdullah Ibn Nasir IBn Abd al-Asis Al Sa'ud, visite Hambourg et les g\u00e9n\u00e9raux allemands lui montrent les effets de l'utilisation de la technologie Kluever sur l'efficacit\u00e9 et la cadence de tir des chars L\u00e9opard \u2013 qui le gouvernement de Moved Riyadh pour acqu\u00e9rir cette technologie[79]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 1987, Oelkers s'est envol\u00e9 pour P\u00e9kin pour une d\u00e9monstration de ses nouvelles puces et a ravi les g\u00e9n\u00e9raux chinois qui sont devenus une partie de sa client\u00e8le[80]<\/sup><\/a>. Dans le cadre des accords sign\u00e9s avec les \u00c9tats-Unis, \u00e0 partir de 1985, Kluever a vendu une technologie d'espionnage am\u00e9ricaine tr\u00e8s moderne (d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e par l'Ocean Applied Research Corporation \u00e0 San Diego[81]<\/sup><\/a> et distribu\u00e9e par le groupe CompuDyne Corporation en Pennsylvanie[82]<\/sup><\/a>) \u00e0 Muhammar Ghaddafi en Libye, \u00e0 Hafiz Al -Assad en Syrie, \u00e0 Haji Mohammad Suharto en Indon\u00e9sie \u2013 les trois pr\u00e9sidents l'utilisent pour intercepter les appels t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques et les \u00e9missions radio des opposants, des arm\u00e9es \u00e9trang\u00e8res et des groupes rebelles[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En vieillissant, Kluever vendra son entreprise (le PK Electronics Group \u00e0 Hambourg) \u00e0 deux ing\u00e9nieurs, l'Allemand Stephan Oelkers et l'Anglais William Louthean Nelson. Ce dernier avait commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 diriger le bureau de P\u00e9kin en 1985 et avait cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre soci\u00e9t\u00e9, Personal Protection Products Ltd. Hong Kong[84]<\/sup><\/a>, en 1992, qui jusqu'en 1994, via sa filiale de Hull[85]<\/sup><\/a>, vendait des dispositifs d'\u00e9coute utilis\u00e9s par les services secrets britanniques pour combattre l'IRA en Ulster[86]<\/sup><\/a>. Lorsque Kluever prendra sa retraite, PK Electronics sera transmis \u00e0 William Nelson et \u00e0 son fils Louthean John Alexander Nelson, les fondateurs du groupe Gamma International[87]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le sch\u00e9ma des participations du Groupe Gamma International ainsi que des personnes et soci\u00e9t\u00e9s associ\u00e9es \u2013 \u00a9 IBI World Ltd. London<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une nouvelle \u00e8re commence dans laquelle les anciennes \u00e9coutes t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques seront bient\u00f4t surmont\u00e9es et oubli\u00e9es. Le jeune Louthean commence \u00e0 travailler avec Niels J\u00f8rgen Tobiasen et ses deux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s : The CBRN Team Ltd. Londres[88]<\/sup><\/a> et The Phoenix Hazard Training Ltd. Darlington[89]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est une op\u00e9ration industrielle qui est n\u00e9e d'un contrat de fourniture d'armes chimiques, biologiques, radiologiques et nucl\u00e9aires \u00e0 l'Ouganda[90]<\/sup><\/a> qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9goci\u00e9 avec un membre du gouvernement, Ananias Tumukunde, qui avait accept\u00e9 un pot-de-vin de 40000 \u00a3[91]<\/sup><\/a>. Une op\u00e9ration qui s'est termin\u00e9e par l'arrestation de Tumukunde \u00e0 Kampala et de Tobiasen \u00e0 Londres en juillet 2007[92]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au cours de ces ann\u00e9es, Louthean Nelson a \u00e9galement tent\u00e9 de faciliter une collaboration avec l'\u00e9quipe de piratage de David Vincenzetti : avec l'un des meilleurs hackers du groupe milanais, Alberto Pelliccione, Nelson a essay\u00e9 apr\u00e8s un certain temps de trouver un syst\u00e8me pour pirater les appareils Nokia \u2013 mais Pelliccione change d\u2019avis quand il d\u00e9couvre que Nelson a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 livrer des armes aux pays touch\u00e9s par les sanctions internationales par l'interm\u00e9diaire d'une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qui a maintenant \u00e9t\u00e9 liquid\u00e9e, Cyan Engineering Services SAL Beirut[93]<\/sup><\/a>. Quelque chose avec lequel Pelliccione ne veut rien avoir \u00e0 voir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'entreprise suivante est peut-\u00eatre encore plus \u00e9tonnante : Nelson fonde Elaman et d\u00e9localise certaines activit\u00e9s en Suisse[94]<\/sup><\/a> parce qu'il fait de nouveau affaire avec l'ancien partenaire de son p\u00e8re, Stephan Oelkers. Oelkers a convaincu Nelson de d\u00e9placer son centre d'op\u00e9rations de Hambourg \u00e0 Munich et d'accepter un nouveau partenaire, Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt. Cela devrait travailler avec les services secrets autrichiens[95]<\/sup><\/a> et tenter de reprendre la station de Bad Aibling \u00e0 la NSA (American Military Intelligence)[96]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est une tentation imposante et extr\u00eamement symbolique : la station d'interception de Bad Aibling est n\u00e9e en 1936 comme a\u00e9roport militaire et centre radar de la Luftwaffe, et \u00e0 la fin de la guerre, l'arm\u00e9e am\u00e9ricaine l'a convertie en camp de transit pour les prisonniers de guerre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s et victimes des camps de concentration nationaux-socialistes. Un camp de concentration tr\u00e8s c\u00e9l\u00e8bre que les \u00e9crivains G\u00fcnther Grass et Joseph Ratzinger (le futur pape Beno\u00eet XVI)[97]<\/sup><\/a> ont travers\u00e9. De 1952 jusqu'\u00e0 la fermeture, demand\u00e9e par l'Union europ\u00e9enne en 2001 et r\u00e9alis\u00e9e en 2004 (officiellement, puisque l'installation \u00e9tait toujours en activit\u00e9 en 2013[98]<\/sup><\/a>), la NSA de Bad Aibling a assembl\u00e9 ses syst\u00e8mes Echelon[99]<\/sup><\/a> pour intercepter les communications t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques du plan\u00e8te enti\u00e8re[100]<\/sup><\/a>. La prise de contr\u00f4le de la station NSA aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 la cons\u00e9cration de Nelson et de ses employ\u00e9s \u00e0 une entreprise d'importance mondiale et au pouvoir presque illimit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les n\u00e9gociations n'\u00e9taient pas termin\u00e9es lorsque FinFisher a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 vendre son FinSpy \u00e0 la Turquie et le monde entier a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 voir le danger. Apr\u00e8s les recherches \u00e0 Munich, en Suisse et en Roumanie, Nelson a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 liquider toutes les entreprises le plus rapidement possible: certaines d'entre elles (Computplus Ltd., G2 Systems Ltd., Gamma 2000 Ltd., Gamma 2000 Waste Management Ltd., Gamma International (UK) Ltd.) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 liquid\u00e9s d\u00e9but f\u00e9vrier 2021 au moment de la r\u00e9daction de cet article[101]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'y a pas de retour en arri\u00e8re<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

14 avril 2007 : Plus d'un million de citoyens pacifiques protestent contre l'abolition de la libert\u00e9 et contre un r\u00e9gime qui a transform\u00e9 leur patrie en un enfer d'oppression, de violence et de mis\u00e8re. Une sc\u00e8ne d'humanit\u00e9 passionnante qui pourrait difficilement \u00eatre r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9e<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, cela ne change pas la substance des choses. Aujourd'hui, f\u00e9vrier 2021, le gouvernement et ses agences de renseignement dans au moins 40 pays \u00e0 travers le monde, dont la grande majorit\u00e9 est dirig\u00e9e par une dictature, ont entre les mains des logiciels qui vont non seulement au-del\u00e0 des sc\u00e9narios apocalyptiques d\u00e9crits par George Orwell, mais aussi du \"Br\u00e9sil<\/em>\" de Terry Gilliam : D\u00e9sormais, un r\u00e9gime n'a plus besoin de d\u00e9couvrir que quelqu'un pr\u00e9pare un complot pour les isoler, les torturer, les condamner et les exterminer. L'\u00c9tat peut cr\u00e9er des preuves d'un simple clic d'ordinateur, en utilisant un logiciel qui en un milli\u00e8me de seconde condamnera chacun de nous et impliquera chacun de nos proches dans notre destruction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 o\u00f9 l'ali\u00e9nation de l'individu du contexte commun a d\u00e9j\u00e0 atteint des proportions inqui\u00e9tantes, les logiciels d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s et vendus par une petite poign\u00e9e de criminels totalement inconnus du public ont permis \u00e0 l'humanit\u00e9 de s'engager sur un chemin de non-retour : celui o\u00f9 il n'y a plus rien de vrai et de v\u00e9rifiable dans lequel chacun de nous doit douter de qui est autour de nous, et m\u00eame (et plus encore) nous-m\u00eames.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La faiblesse et la superficialit\u00e9 avec lesquelles les gouvernements occidentaux (en particulier les \u00c9tats-Unis, l'Allemagne et le Royaume-Uni) ont permis \u00e0 ce logiciel d'\u00eatre distribu\u00e9 \u00e0 travers la plan\u00e8te pour des calculs purement \u00e9go\u00efstes sont impardonnables et le signe que 75 ans apr\u00e8s la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale , 30 ans apr\u00e8s la fin de la guerre froide, et la peur d'un conflit nucl\u00e9aire lorsque la nature se rebelle contre la mani\u00e8re insens\u00e9e dont nous la d\u00e9truisons, les gens ont franchi la limite ultime \u2013 ceux dans lesquels l'ennemi qui tue ne vient pas de l'ext\u00e9rieur, mais de l'int\u00e9rieur \u2013 et est inexorable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/65-in-yuzbinleri-6335051<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/6554851.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/laik-turkiye-icin-caglayan-a-6426626<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/3-miting-3-mesaj-6462629<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/izmir-rekor-bekliyor-6495436<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/turkey-used-german-spy-software-on-opposition-politicians-and-activists\/a-43787769<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/en\/content\/turkish-spy-networks-control-opponents<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-39416954<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.birgun.net\/haber\/iddia-pelikancilar-hakan-fidan-gitsin-diyor-283382<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trthaber.com\/haber\/gundem\/iletisim-baskanligi-berat-albayrakin-gorevden-af-talebi-kabul-edilmistir-529559.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/europe\/russia-accuses-president-erdogan-s-son-law-being-linked-isis-oil-trade-a6761436.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2016\/09\/turkey-redhackers-daunt-the-erdogan-family.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepressproject.gr\/exclusive-wikileaks-documents-relations-erdogan-isis-oil-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.duvarenglish.com\/sport\/2020\/02\/10\/politics-in-stadiums-fenerbahce-fans-urge-minister-albayrak-to-keep-hands-off-football<\/a> ; https:\/\/odatv4.com\/fenerbahceliler-damata-karsi-ayaga-kalkti-02022031.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Intelligence Online, \u201cHakan Fidan close to ministerial promotion<\/em>\u201d, see in 2020.11.18 Hakan Fidan Minister<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-launches-project-to-train-1-million-software-developers-154081<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> 2017.04.13 T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mill%C3%AE_%C4%B0stihbarat_Te%C5%9Fkil%C3%A2t%C4%B1#Leitung<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> Hakan Fidan on Nexis, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/t24.com.tr\/haber\/adanada-3-tir-durduruldu-arama-yapiliyor,248707<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> 1000 colpi di mortaio, 1000 colpi di artiglieria, 50\u2019000 fucili d'assalto e 30\u2019000 munizioni per mitragliatrice \u2013 see in https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529223636\/http:\/\/www.aktifhaber.com\/devlet-sirri-denilen-mit-tirlari-ile-ilgili-tapeler-1053377h.htm#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.haber7.com\/guncel\/haber\/1121773-mit-tirlari-neden-durduruldu ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aljazeera.com.tr\/haber\/mit-tirlari-boyle-durduruldu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/bianet.org\/bianet\/insan-haklari\/155519-tir-lari-durdurmakla-suclanan-13-askere-muebbet-istendi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milliyet.com.tr\/gundem\/mit-tirlari-olayinda-yeni-gelisme-5-savci-gorevden-uzaklastirildi-1999064<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/erdogandan-canli-yayinda-can-dundara-tehdit-288885<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.faz.net\/aktuell\/politik\/ausland\/europa\/tuerkei\/tuerkei-kampf-gegen-die-soldaten-des-lichts-12715816.html?printPagedArticle=true#pageIndex_3<\/a> ; https:\/\/taz.de\/Wie-Guelen-zum-Staatsfeind-Nr-1-wurde\/!5323191\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2021\/02\/03\/son-dakika-istihbarattaki-fetocu-generalden-bomba-itiraflar-tegmen-rutbemi-fetullah-gulen-takti<\/a> ; https:\/\/tr.sputniknews.com\/turkiye\/202001211041211454-sozcu-ilker-basbugu-cezaevine-attiran-feto-mektubunu-acikliyoruz\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.genios.de\/presse-archiv\/artikel\/FAZ\/20171111\/jagd-auf-die-guelenisten\/FR1201711115279571.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nadir.org\/nadir\/initiativ\/isku\/hintergrund\/geheimdienste\/geheim994.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/tuerkischer-geheimdienst-liess-erdogan-gegner-in-deutschland-ausspionieren\/12027820.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article157778863\/Erdogans-Agenten-bedrohen-Tuerken-in-Deutschland.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html ;  https:\/\/www.derstandard.at\/story\/1397522175727\/geheimdienst-staat-tuerkei<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2020\/09\/turkey-austria-spy-nehammer-kurdish-clashes-protests-vienna.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/austria-turkey-espionage-int-idUSKBN25S4R5<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/10\/13\/world\/europe\/turkey-austria-erdogan-assassin.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/global-europe\/news\/flemish-minister-turkish-sponosred-mosque-is-nest-of-spies\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/07\/06\/influenced-by-gulenists-belgium-targets-turkish-mosques-fighting-extremism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/erdogan-critics-listed-by-turkish-embassy-in-prague-were-included-in-bogus-terrorism-probe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turk-greek-ties-strained-by-arson-row-10324<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-greece-germany-spying\/greek-police-arrest-german-on-suspicion-of-spying-idUSBRE97208820130803<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kathimerini.gr\/society\/896001\/istories-me-kataskopoys-sto-aigaio\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.larissanet.gr\/2019\/06\/21\/dikazetai-sti-rodo-kataskopos-tis-tourkias\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/ahvalnews.com\/mit\/turkish-intelligence-recruits-eu-retirees-spy-greece<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/04\/turkish-intelligence-operations-targeting-critics-in-greece-exposed-in-secret-documents\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/intelnews.org\/2016\/12\/09\/01-2023\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/more-secret-documents-confirming-vast-turkish-espionage-activities-in-greece-uncovered\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.skai.gr\/news\/greece\/dyo-syllipseis-ellinon-gia-kataskopeia-sti-rodo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-kosovo-security-turkey-idUSKBN1H70CC<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/opinion\/murat-yetkin\/turkish-intelligence-unveils-secret-codes-used-before-coup-attempt-103843<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2018\/09\/turkish-teachers-detained-moldova-gulen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/balkaninsight.com\/2018\/09\/06\/six-turkish-professors-detained-by-moldovan-secret-services-09-06-2018\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/turkeypurge.com\/turkey-spying-imams-active-also-in-norway<\/a> ; https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/turkeys-autocratic-president-erdogans-spying-profiling-expands-in-norway\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/kafila.org\/www-matthewaid-com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/report-sweden-launches-espionage-probe-into-turkish-govt-representatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/politics\/undiplomatic_swiss-eye-alleged-turkish-kidnapping-attempt\/43973170 ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/swiss-foreign-minister-warns-turkey-against-illegal-spying-111199 ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/eu-affairs\/2017\/05\/01\/as-anti-turkish-politics-grip-europe-turkish-swiss-policeman-arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-brings-key-feto-suspect-from-ukraine-to-turkey-134608<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.meforum.org\/60976\/turkish-spy-agency-mit-intelligence-gathering-australia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-court\/egypt-detains-29-people-on-suspicion-of-espionage-for-turkey-idUSKBN1DM1AN<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/33764\/In-Pictures-Egypt-foils-Turkish-espionage-attempt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-agency-brings-three-feto-members-from-gabon-to-turkey-130050<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/turkey\/turkish-intelligence-agency-rescues-a-kidnapped-italian-citizen-in-kenya-36192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20190807-libyan-national-army-turkish-intelligence-is-operating-in-tripoli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/11\/27\/senior-feto-figure-captured-by-turkish-intelligence-in-sudan\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Comment fonctionne l'application FishSpy de FinFisher GmbH \u00e0 Munich \u2013 le c\u0153ur battant du syst\u00e8me d'espionnage turc du MIT<\/sub><\/strong>[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le syst\u00e8me complexe de contr\u00f4le, de piratage, d'interception et de falsification n\u00e9cessaire pour surveiller des millions de personnes n'est pas un jouet. Des ONG de toute l'Europe recherchent qui a d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 une telle technologie et l'a trouv\u00e9e en Allemagne \u2013 elle s'appelle FinSpy et est produite par trois soci\u00e9t\u00e9s du groupe Gamma International : FinFisher GmbH Munich, FinFisher Labs GmbH Munich et Elaman GmbH Munich. Quatre organisations ont pu le prouver \u00e0 la justice allemande[57]<\/sup><\/a> : Reporters sans fronti\u00e8res de Berlin (actif dans toute l'Europe, principalement pr\u00e9occup\u00e9 par la libert\u00e9 de la presse[58]<\/sup><\/a>), GFF Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Freiheitsrechte de Berlin (tr\u00e8s active dans la surveillance des activit\u00e9s ill\u00e9gales du BND et d'autres services secrets allemands[59]<\/sup><\/a>), Netzpolitik.org \u00e0 Berlin (un journal en ligne[60]<\/sup><\/a>) et le Centre europ\u00e9en pour la Constitution et les droits de l'homme \u00e0 Berlin[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le parquet de Munich lance une enqu\u00eate p\u00e9nale sur la base des preuves pr\u00e9sent\u00e9es par ces ONG : les entreprises bavaroises susmentionn\u00e9es ont viol\u00e9 la loi sur le commerce ext\u00e9rieur[62]<\/sup><\/a> sur au moins six points et ont non seulement vendu FinSpy \u00e0 la Turquie, mais aussi aux gouvernements de nombreux autres pays, y compris Bahre\u00efn, l'\u00c9gypte, l'\u00c9thiopie, la Libye, le Kazakhstan, l'Arabie saoudite et le Venezuela[63]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 tous des pays qui soul\u00e8vent de graves pr\u00e9occupations quant \u00e0 la nature d\u00e9mocratique du syst\u00e8me politique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enqu\u00eate a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que ces trois soci\u00e9t\u00e9s n'en \u00e9taient qu'\u00e0 l'origine une, Gamma International UK Ltd. Winchester, contre qui une enqu\u00eate ouverte en 2013 par les autorit\u00e9s judiciaires britanniques[64]<\/sup><\/a> a \u00e9t\u00e9 bloqu\u00e9e, qui aurait mis l'entreprise sur la liste noire de l'OCDE[65]<\/sup><\/a> fin 2016 \u2013 une mesure qui interdit \u00e0 quiconque dans le monde de faire affaire avec ce groupe industriel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enqu\u00eate britannique s'est limit\u00e9e \u00e0 l'analyse de la vente de FinSpy \u00e0 Bahre\u00efn, tandis que l'enqu\u00eate allemande, accompagn\u00e9e d'un grand nombre de t\u00e9moignages de victimes de la terreur du r\u00e9gime d'Erdo\u011fan en Turquie et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, va beaucoup plus loin et constate que FinSpy a \u00e9t\u00e9 vendu ill\u00e9galement dans 36 pays[66]<\/sup><\/a>, il y a d'\u00e9normes centres de stockage de donn\u00e9es dans 11 pays[67]<\/sup><\/a>, de sorte qu'on soup\u00e7onne maintenant qu'il y a beaucoup d'autres crimes cach\u00e9s derri\u00e8re les faits connus[68]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est pourquoi le parquet de Munich a ordonn\u00e9 une perquisition des locaux de la capitale bavaroise, mais aussi de la branche roumaine du groupe Gamma International[69]<\/sup><\/a>, en octobre 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il est presque impossible de se d\u00e9fendre contre FinSpy : le malware s'installe avec de fausses mises \u00e0 jour d\u00e9guis\u00e9es en officielles, via des e-mails avec de fausses pi\u00e8ces jointes ou \u00e0 travers des failles de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans le logiciel \u2013 comme Avira[70]<\/sup><\/a> ou iTunes d'Apple \u2013 et ensuite via les fausses plates-formes du principaux moteurs de recherche, installations Mac et Linux[71]<\/sup><\/a>, programmes de messagerie \u00e9lectronique, r\u00e9seaux sociaux, sites Web pour les achats en ligne[72]<\/sup><\/a>. L\u00e0 o\u00f9 le malware de Gamma International ne parvient pas, celui de l'\u00e9quipe de piratage de David Vincenzetti[73]<\/sup><\/a> est l\u00e0[74]<\/sup><\/a>. Mais cette soci\u00e9t\u00e9 n'est plus l\u00e0, Gamma l'a surpass\u00e9e, ses fondateurs sont r\u00e9partis dans de nombreuses petites entreprises[75]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re les poup\u00e9es Matriochka?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

En 2015, le Citizen Lab Institute de Toronto avait identifi\u00e9 35 pays qui utilisaient ill\u00e9galement les applications du groupe Gamma \/ FinFisher<\/sub><\/strong>[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enqu\u00eate du parquet de Munich laisse un go\u00fbt un peu amer dans la bouche: comment est-il possible qu'une plainte de quatre ONG ait \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9cessaire pour enqu\u00eate ? Il est logique que le soup\u00e7on d'hypocrisie surgisse, surtout en sachant que les services secrets allemands (BND) avaient d\u00e9cern\u00e9 \u00e0 Stephan Oelkers de Gamma International les Big Brother Awards en 2012, car Gamma \u00e9tait \u00ab la meilleure entreprise au monde intrusion de syst\u00e8mes informatiques et installation de logiciels de surveillance<\/em> (...) Gamma propose ses services sur son site Internet \u2013 bien que le d\u00e9veloppement et la distribution de ce type de logiciel espion soient interdits par le droit p\u00e9nal allemand (Par. 282c StGB). Cependant, cela ne s'applique qu'aux clients priv\u00e9s, pas aux ventes aux autorit\u00e9s nationales ou \u00e0 la police secr\u00e8te d'une dictature \u00e9trang\u00e8re. C'est la raison pour laquelle le parquet de Munich a refus\u00e9 d'engager une proc\u00e9dure p\u00e9nale contre Gamma<\/em> \u00bb[77]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref : tout le monde savait tout, mais il y a huit ans, le procureur de Munich pensait que c'\u00e9tait une bagatelle tant que cette technologie monstrueuse \u00e9tait utilis\u00e9e par les dictatures pour opprimer leur propre peuple.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour \u00eatre pr\u00e9cis, nous en savons beaucoup sur les activit\u00e9s ill\u00e9gales de ce groupe depuis 1973 (lorsque les ordinateurs \u00e9taient des jouets et que l'espionnage consistait \u00e0 infiltrer des hommes louches dans des salles secr\u00e8tes \u00e0 l'aide d'un appareil microfilmant des documents interdits) de personnes dispers\u00e9es dans la campagne anglaise, dans le port de Hambourg, dans la capitale bavaroise ou dans les bidonvilles du Cap Town. L'histoire commence par un c\u00e2ble que l'ambassade am\u00e9ricaine \u00e0 Bonn a envoy\u00e9 aux autorit\u00e9s f\u00e9d\u00e9rales \u2013 un message signalant les activit\u00e9s suspectes d'un d\u00e9taillant d'\u00e9lectronique n\u00e9erlandais bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Hambourg, Peter Kluever[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La CIA d\u00e9cide d'investir dans cet homme, tout comme l'arm\u00e9e allemande. En 1981, ses deux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s PK Electronics et PKI Electronic Intelligence GmbH avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 des contrats avec le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. En 1983, le prince h\u00e9ritier d'Arabie saoudite, Abdullah Ibn Nasir IBn Abd al-Asis Al Sa'ud, visite Hambourg et les g\u00e9n\u00e9raux allemands lui montrent les effets de l'utilisation de la technologie Kluever sur l'efficacit\u00e9 et la cadence de tir des chars L\u00e9opard \u2013 qui le gouvernement de Moved Riyadh pour acqu\u00e9rir cette technologie[79]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 1987, Oelkers s'est envol\u00e9 pour P\u00e9kin pour une d\u00e9monstration de ses nouvelles puces et a ravi les g\u00e9n\u00e9raux chinois qui sont devenus une partie de sa client\u00e8le[80]<\/sup><\/a>. Dans le cadre des accords sign\u00e9s avec les \u00c9tats-Unis, \u00e0 partir de 1985, Kluever a vendu une technologie d'espionnage am\u00e9ricaine tr\u00e8s moderne (d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e par l'Ocean Applied Research Corporation \u00e0 San Diego[81]<\/sup><\/a> et distribu\u00e9e par le groupe CompuDyne Corporation en Pennsylvanie[82]<\/sup><\/a>) \u00e0 Muhammar Ghaddafi en Libye, \u00e0 Hafiz Al -Assad en Syrie, \u00e0 Haji Mohammad Suharto en Indon\u00e9sie \u2013 les trois pr\u00e9sidents l'utilisent pour intercepter les appels t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques et les \u00e9missions radio des opposants, des arm\u00e9es \u00e9trang\u00e8res et des groupes rebelles[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En vieillissant, Kluever vendra son entreprise (le PK Electronics Group \u00e0 Hambourg) \u00e0 deux ing\u00e9nieurs, l'Allemand Stephan Oelkers et l'Anglais William Louthean Nelson. Ce dernier avait commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 diriger le bureau de P\u00e9kin en 1985 et avait cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre soci\u00e9t\u00e9, Personal Protection Products Ltd. Hong Kong[84]<\/sup><\/a>, en 1992, qui jusqu'en 1994, via sa filiale de Hull[85]<\/sup><\/a>, vendait des dispositifs d'\u00e9coute utilis\u00e9s par les services secrets britanniques pour combattre l'IRA en Ulster[86]<\/sup><\/a>. Lorsque Kluever prendra sa retraite, PK Electronics sera transmis \u00e0 William Nelson et \u00e0 son fils Louthean John Alexander Nelson, les fondateurs du groupe Gamma International[87]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le sch\u00e9ma des participations du Groupe Gamma International ainsi que des personnes et soci\u00e9t\u00e9s associ\u00e9es \u2013 \u00a9 IBI World Ltd. London<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une nouvelle \u00e8re commence dans laquelle les anciennes \u00e9coutes t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques seront bient\u00f4t surmont\u00e9es et oubli\u00e9es. Le jeune Louthean commence \u00e0 travailler avec Niels J\u00f8rgen Tobiasen et ses deux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s : The CBRN Team Ltd. Londres[88]<\/sup><\/a> et The Phoenix Hazard Training Ltd. Darlington[89]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est une op\u00e9ration industrielle qui est n\u00e9e d'un contrat de fourniture d'armes chimiques, biologiques, radiologiques et nucl\u00e9aires \u00e0 l'Ouganda[90]<\/sup><\/a> qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9goci\u00e9 avec un membre du gouvernement, Ananias Tumukunde, qui avait accept\u00e9 un pot-de-vin de 40000 \u00a3[91]<\/sup><\/a>. Une op\u00e9ration qui s'est termin\u00e9e par l'arrestation de Tumukunde \u00e0 Kampala et de Tobiasen \u00e0 Londres en juillet 2007[92]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au cours de ces ann\u00e9es, Louthean Nelson a \u00e9galement tent\u00e9 de faciliter une collaboration avec l'\u00e9quipe de piratage de David Vincenzetti : avec l'un des meilleurs hackers du groupe milanais, Alberto Pelliccione, Nelson a essay\u00e9 apr\u00e8s un certain temps de trouver un syst\u00e8me pour pirater les appareils Nokia \u2013 mais Pelliccione change d\u2019avis quand il d\u00e9couvre que Nelson a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 livrer des armes aux pays touch\u00e9s par les sanctions internationales par l'interm\u00e9diaire d'une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qui a maintenant \u00e9t\u00e9 liquid\u00e9e, Cyan Engineering Services SAL Beirut[93]<\/sup><\/a>. Quelque chose avec lequel Pelliccione ne veut rien avoir \u00e0 voir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'entreprise suivante est peut-\u00eatre encore plus \u00e9tonnante : Nelson fonde Elaman et d\u00e9localise certaines activit\u00e9s en Suisse[94]<\/sup><\/a> parce qu'il fait de nouveau affaire avec l'ancien partenaire de son p\u00e8re, Stephan Oelkers. Oelkers a convaincu Nelson de d\u00e9placer son centre d'op\u00e9rations de Hambourg \u00e0 Munich et d'accepter un nouveau partenaire, Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt. Cela devrait travailler avec les services secrets autrichiens[95]<\/sup><\/a> et tenter de reprendre la station de Bad Aibling \u00e0 la NSA (American Military Intelligence)[96]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est une tentation imposante et extr\u00eamement symbolique : la station d'interception de Bad Aibling est n\u00e9e en 1936 comme a\u00e9roport militaire et centre radar de la Luftwaffe, et \u00e0 la fin de la guerre, l'arm\u00e9e am\u00e9ricaine l'a convertie en camp de transit pour les prisonniers de guerre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s et victimes des camps de concentration nationaux-socialistes. Un camp de concentration tr\u00e8s c\u00e9l\u00e8bre que les \u00e9crivains G\u00fcnther Grass et Joseph Ratzinger (le futur pape Beno\u00eet XVI)[97]<\/sup><\/a> ont travers\u00e9. De 1952 jusqu'\u00e0 la fermeture, demand\u00e9e par l'Union europ\u00e9enne en 2001 et r\u00e9alis\u00e9e en 2004 (officiellement, puisque l'installation \u00e9tait toujours en activit\u00e9 en 2013[98]<\/sup><\/a>), la NSA de Bad Aibling a assembl\u00e9 ses syst\u00e8mes Echelon[99]<\/sup><\/a> pour intercepter les communications t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques du plan\u00e8te enti\u00e8re[100]<\/sup><\/a>. La prise de contr\u00f4le de la station NSA aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 la cons\u00e9cration de Nelson et de ses employ\u00e9s \u00e0 une entreprise d'importance mondiale et au pouvoir presque illimit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les n\u00e9gociations n'\u00e9taient pas termin\u00e9es lorsque FinFisher a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 vendre son FinSpy \u00e0 la Turquie et le monde entier a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 voir le danger. Apr\u00e8s les recherches \u00e0 Munich, en Suisse et en Roumanie, Nelson a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 liquider toutes les entreprises le plus rapidement possible: certaines d'entre elles (Computplus Ltd., G2 Systems Ltd., Gamma 2000 Ltd., Gamma 2000 Waste Management Ltd., Gamma International (UK) Ltd.) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 liquid\u00e9s d\u00e9but f\u00e9vrier 2021 au moment de la r\u00e9daction de cet article[101]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'y a pas de retour en arri\u00e8re<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

14 avril 2007 : Plus d'un million de citoyens pacifiques protestent contre l'abolition de la libert\u00e9 et contre un r\u00e9gime qui a transform\u00e9 leur patrie en un enfer d'oppression, de violence et de mis\u00e8re. Une sc\u00e8ne d'humanit\u00e9 passionnante qui pourrait difficilement \u00eatre r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9e<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, cela ne change pas la substance des choses. Aujourd'hui, f\u00e9vrier 2021, le gouvernement et ses agences de renseignement dans au moins 40 pays \u00e0 travers le monde, dont la grande majorit\u00e9 est dirig\u00e9e par une dictature, ont entre les mains des logiciels qui vont non seulement au-del\u00e0 des sc\u00e9narios apocalyptiques d\u00e9crits par George Orwell, mais aussi du \"Br\u00e9sil<\/em>\" de Terry Gilliam : D\u00e9sormais, un r\u00e9gime n'a plus besoin de d\u00e9couvrir que quelqu'un pr\u00e9pare un complot pour les isoler, les torturer, les condamner et les exterminer. L'\u00c9tat peut cr\u00e9er des preuves d'un simple clic d'ordinateur, en utilisant un logiciel qui en un milli\u00e8me de seconde condamnera chacun de nous et impliquera chacun de nos proches dans notre destruction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 o\u00f9 l'ali\u00e9nation de l'individu du contexte commun a d\u00e9j\u00e0 atteint des proportions inqui\u00e9tantes, les logiciels d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s et vendus par une petite poign\u00e9e de criminels totalement inconnus du public ont permis \u00e0 l'humanit\u00e9 de s'engager sur un chemin de non-retour : celui o\u00f9 il n'y a plus rien de vrai et de v\u00e9rifiable dans lequel chacun de nous doit douter de qui est autour de nous, et m\u00eame (et plus encore) nous-m\u00eames.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La faiblesse et la superficialit\u00e9 avec lesquelles les gouvernements occidentaux (en particulier les \u00c9tats-Unis, l'Allemagne et le Royaume-Uni) ont permis \u00e0 ce logiciel d'\u00eatre distribu\u00e9 \u00e0 travers la plan\u00e8te pour des calculs purement \u00e9go\u00efstes sont impardonnables et le signe que 75 ans apr\u00e8s la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale , 30 ans apr\u00e8s la fin de la guerre froide, et la peur d'un conflit nucl\u00e9aire lorsque la nature se rebelle contre la mani\u00e8re insens\u00e9e dont nous la d\u00e9truisons, les gens ont franchi la limite ultime \u2013 ceux dans lesquels l'ennemi qui tue ne vient pas de l'ext\u00e9rieur, mais de l'int\u00e9rieur \u2013 et est inexorable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/65-in-yuzbinleri-6335051<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/6554851.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/laik-turkiye-icin-caglayan-a-6426626<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/3-miting-3-mesaj-6462629<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/izmir-rekor-bekliyor-6495436<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/turkey-used-german-spy-software-on-opposition-politicians-and-activists\/a-43787769<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/en\/content\/turkish-spy-networks-control-opponents<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-39416954<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.birgun.net\/haber\/iddia-pelikancilar-hakan-fidan-gitsin-diyor-283382<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trthaber.com\/haber\/gundem\/iletisim-baskanligi-berat-albayrakin-gorevden-af-talebi-kabul-edilmistir-529559.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/europe\/russia-accuses-president-erdogan-s-son-law-being-linked-isis-oil-trade-a6761436.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2016\/09\/turkey-redhackers-daunt-the-erdogan-family.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepressproject.gr\/exclusive-wikileaks-documents-relations-erdogan-isis-oil-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.duvarenglish.com\/sport\/2020\/02\/10\/politics-in-stadiums-fenerbahce-fans-urge-minister-albayrak-to-keep-hands-off-football<\/a> ; https:\/\/odatv4.com\/fenerbahceliler-damata-karsi-ayaga-kalkti-02022031.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Intelligence Online, \u201cHakan Fidan close to ministerial promotion<\/em>\u201d, see in 2020.11.18 Hakan Fidan Minister<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-launches-project-to-train-1-million-software-developers-154081<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> 2017.04.13 T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mill%C3%AE_%C4%B0stihbarat_Te%C5%9Fkil%C3%A2t%C4%B1#Leitung<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> Hakan Fidan on Nexis, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/t24.com.tr\/haber\/adanada-3-tir-durduruldu-arama-yapiliyor,248707<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> 1000 colpi di mortaio, 1000 colpi di artiglieria, 50\u2019000 fucili d'assalto e 30\u2019000 munizioni per mitragliatrice \u2013 see in https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529223636\/http:\/\/www.aktifhaber.com\/devlet-sirri-denilen-mit-tirlari-ile-ilgili-tapeler-1053377h.htm#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.haber7.com\/guncel\/haber\/1121773-mit-tirlari-neden-durduruldu ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aljazeera.com.tr\/haber\/mit-tirlari-boyle-durduruldu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/bianet.org\/bianet\/insan-haklari\/155519-tir-lari-durdurmakla-suclanan-13-askere-muebbet-istendi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milliyet.com.tr\/gundem\/mit-tirlari-olayinda-yeni-gelisme-5-savci-gorevden-uzaklastirildi-1999064<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/erdogandan-canli-yayinda-can-dundara-tehdit-288885<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.faz.net\/aktuell\/politik\/ausland\/europa\/tuerkei\/tuerkei-kampf-gegen-die-soldaten-des-lichts-12715816.html?printPagedArticle=true#pageIndex_3<\/a> ; https:\/\/taz.de\/Wie-Guelen-zum-Staatsfeind-Nr-1-wurde\/!5323191\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2021\/02\/03\/son-dakika-istihbarattaki-fetocu-generalden-bomba-itiraflar-tegmen-rutbemi-fetullah-gulen-takti<\/a> ; https:\/\/tr.sputniknews.com\/turkiye\/202001211041211454-sozcu-ilker-basbugu-cezaevine-attiran-feto-mektubunu-acikliyoruz\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.genios.de\/presse-archiv\/artikel\/FAZ\/20171111\/jagd-auf-die-guelenisten\/FR1201711115279571.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nadir.org\/nadir\/initiativ\/isku\/hintergrund\/geheimdienste\/geheim994.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/tuerkischer-geheimdienst-liess-erdogan-gegner-in-deutschland-ausspionieren\/12027820.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article157778863\/Erdogans-Agenten-bedrohen-Tuerken-in-Deutschland.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html ;  https:\/\/www.derstandard.at\/story\/1397522175727\/geheimdienst-staat-tuerkei<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2020\/09\/turkey-austria-spy-nehammer-kurdish-clashes-protests-vienna.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/austria-turkey-espionage-int-idUSKBN25S4R5<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/10\/13\/world\/europe\/turkey-austria-erdogan-assassin.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/global-europe\/news\/flemish-minister-turkish-sponosred-mosque-is-nest-of-spies\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/07\/06\/influenced-by-gulenists-belgium-targets-turkish-mosques-fighting-extremism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/erdogan-critics-listed-by-turkish-embassy-in-prague-were-included-in-bogus-terrorism-probe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turk-greek-ties-strained-by-arson-row-10324<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-greece-germany-spying\/greek-police-arrest-german-on-suspicion-of-spying-idUSBRE97208820130803<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kathimerini.gr\/society\/896001\/istories-me-kataskopoys-sto-aigaio\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.larissanet.gr\/2019\/06\/21\/dikazetai-sti-rodo-kataskopos-tis-tourkias\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/ahvalnews.com\/mit\/turkish-intelligence-recruits-eu-retirees-spy-greece<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/04\/turkish-intelligence-operations-targeting-critics-in-greece-exposed-in-secret-documents\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/intelnews.org\/2016\/12\/09\/01-2023\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/more-secret-documents-confirming-vast-turkish-espionage-activities-in-greece-uncovered\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.skai.gr\/news\/greece\/dyo-syllipseis-ellinon-gia-kataskopeia-sti-rodo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-kosovo-security-turkey-idUSKBN1H70CC<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/opinion\/murat-yetkin\/turkish-intelligence-unveils-secret-codes-used-before-coup-attempt-103843<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2018\/09\/turkish-teachers-detained-moldova-gulen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/balkaninsight.com\/2018\/09\/06\/six-turkish-professors-detained-by-moldovan-secret-services-09-06-2018\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/turkeypurge.com\/turkey-spying-imams-active-also-in-norway<\/a> ; https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/turkeys-autocratic-president-erdogans-spying-profiling-expands-in-norway\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/kafila.org\/www-matthewaid-com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/report-sweden-launches-espionage-probe-into-turkish-govt-representatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/politics\/undiplomatic_swiss-eye-alleged-turkish-kidnapping-attempt\/43973170 ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/swiss-foreign-minister-warns-turkey-against-illegal-spying-111199 ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/eu-affairs\/2017\/05\/01\/as-anti-turkish-politics-grip-europe-turkish-swiss-policeman-arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-brings-key-feto-suspect-from-ukraine-to-turkey-134608<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.meforum.org\/60976\/turkish-spy-agency-mit-intelligence-gathering-australia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-court\/egypt-detains-29-people-on-suspicion-of-espionage-for-turkey-idUSKBN1DM1AN<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/33764\/In-Pictures-Egypt-foils-Turkish-espionage-attempt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-agency-brings-three-feto-members-from-gabon-to-turkey-130050<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/turkey\/turkish-intelligence-agency-rescues-a-kidnapped-italian-citizen-in-kenya-36192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20190807-libyan-national-army-turkish-intelligence-is-operating-in-tripoli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/11\/27\/senior-feto-figure-captured-by-turkish-intelligence-in-sudan\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Comment fonctionne l'application FishSpy de FinFisher GmbH \u00e0 Munich \u2013 le c\u0153ur battant du syst\u00e8me d'espionnage turc du MIT<\/sub><\/strong>[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le syst\u00e8me complexe de contr\u00f4le, de piratage, d'interception et de falsification n\u00e9cessaire pour surveiller des millions de personnes n'est pas un jouet. Des ONG de toute l'Europe recherchent qui a d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 une telle technologie et l'a trouv\u00e9e en Allemagne \u2013 elle s'appelle FinSpy et est produite par trois soci\u00e9t\u00e9s du groupe Gamma International : FinFisher GmbH Munich, FinFisher Labs GmbH Munich et Elaman GmbH Munich. Quatre organisations ont pu le prouver \u00e0 la justice allemande[57]<\/sup><\/a> : Reporters sans fronti\u00e8res de Berlin (actif dans toute l'Europe, principalement pr\u00e9occup\u00e9 par la libert\u00e9 de la presse[58]<\/sup><\/a>), GFF Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Freiheitsrechte de Berlin (tr\u00e8s active dans la surveillance des activit\u00e9s ill\u00e9gales du BND et d'autres services secrets allemands[59]<\/sup><\/a>), Netzpolitik.org \u00e0 Berlin (un journal en ligne[60]<\/sup><\/a>) et le Centre europ\u00e9en pour la Constitution et les droits de l'homme \u00e0 Berlin[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le parquet de Munich lance une enqu\u00eate p\u00e9nale sur la base des preuves pr\u00e9sent\u00e9es par ces ONG : les entreprises bavaroises susmentionn\u00e9es ont viol\u00e9 la loi sur le commerce ext\u00e9rieur[62]<\/sup><\/a> sur au moins six points et ont non seulement vendu FinSpy \u00e0 la Turquie, mais aussi aux gouvernements de nombreux autres pays, y compris Bahre\u00efn, l'\u00c9gypte, l'\u00c9thiopie, la Libye, le Kazakhstan, l'Arabie saoudite et le Venezuela[63]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 tous des pays qui soul\u00e8vent de graves pr\u00e9occupations quant \u00e0 la nature d\u00e9mocratique du syst\u00e8me politique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enqu\u00eate a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que ces trois soci\u00e9t\u00e9s n'en \u00e9taient qu'\u00e0 l'origine une, Gamma International UK Ltd. Winchester, contre qui une enqu\u00eate ouverte en 2013 par les autorit\u00e9s judiciaires britanniques[64]<\/sup><\/a> a \u00e9t\u00e9 bloqu\u00e9e, qui aurait mis l'entreprise sur la liste noire de l'OCDE[65]<\/sup><\/a> fin 2016 \u2013 une mesure qui interdit \u00e0 quiconque dans le monde de faire affaire avec ce groupe industriel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enqu\u00eate britannique s'est limit\u00e9e \u00e0 l'analyse de la vente de FinSpy \u00e0 Bahre\u00efn, tandis que l'enqu\u00eate allemande, accompagn\u00e9e d'un grand nombre de t\u00e9moignages de victimes de la terreur du r\u00e9gime d'Erdo\u011fan en Turquie et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, va beaucoup plus loin et constate que FinSpy a \u00e9t\u00e9 vendu ill\u00e9galement dans 36 pays[66]<\/sup><\/a>, il y a d'\u00e9normes centres de stockage de donn\u00e9es dans 11 pays[67]<\/sup><\/a>, de sorte qu'on soup\u00e7onne maintenant qu'il y a beaucoup d'autres crimes cach\u00e9s derri\u00e8re les faits connus[68]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est pourquoi le parquet de Munich a ordonn\u00e9 une perquisition des locaux de la capitale bavaroise, mais aussi de la branche roumaine du groupe Gamma International[69]<\/sup><\/a>, en octobre 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il est presque impossible de se d\u00e9fendre contre FinSpy : le malware s'installe avec de fausses mises \u00e0 jour d\u00e9guis\u00e9es en officielles, via des e-mails avec de fausses pi\u00e8ces jointes ou \u00e0 travers des failles de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans le logiciel \u2013 comme Avira[70]<\/sup><\/a> ou iTunes d'Apple \u2013 et ensuite via les fausses plates-formes du principaux moteurs de recherche, installations Mac et Linux[71]<\/sup><\/a>, programmes de messagerie \u00e9lectronique, r\u00e9seaux sociaux, sites Web pour les achats en ligne[72]<\/sup><\/a>. L\u00e0 o\u00f9 le malware de Gamma International ne parvient pas, celui de l'\u00e9quipe de piratage de David Vincenzetti[73]<\/sup><\/a> est l\u00e0[74]<\/sup><\/a>. Mais cette soci\u00e9t\u00e9 n'est plus l\u00e0, Gamma l'a surpass\u00e9e, ses fondateurs sont r\u00e9partis dans de nombreuses petites entreprises[75]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re les poup\u00e9es Matriochka?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

En 2015, le Citizen Lab Institute de Toronto avait identifi\u00e9 35 pays qui utilisaient ill\u00e9galement les applications du groupe Gamma \/ FinFisher<\/sub><\/strong>[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enqu\u00eate du parquet de Munich laisse un go\u00fbt un peu amer dans la bouche: comment est-il possible qu'une plainte de quatre ONG ait \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9cessaire pour enqu\u00eate ? Il est logique que le soup\u00e7on d'hypocrisie surgisse, surtout en sachant que les services secrets allemands (BND) avaient d\u00e9cern\u00e9 \u00e0 Stephan Oelkers de Gamma International les Big Brother Awards en 2012, car Gamma \u00e9tait \u00ab la meilleure entreprise au monde intrusion de syst\u00e8mes informatiques et installation de logiciels de surveillance<\/em> (...) Gamma propose ses services sur son site Internet \u2013 bien que le d\u00e9veloppement et la distribution de ce type de logiciel espion soient interdits par le droit p\u00e9nal allemand (Par. 282c StGB). Cependant, cela ne s'applique qu'aux clients priv\u00e9s, pas aux ventes aux autorit\u00e9s nationales ou \u00e0 la police secr\u00e8te d'une dictature \u00e9trang\u00e8re. C'est la raison pour laquelle le parquet de Munich a refus\u00e9 d'engager une proc\u00e9dure p\u00e9nale contre Gamma<\/em> \u00bb[77]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref : tout le monde savait tout, mais il y a huit ans, le procureur de Munich pensait que c'\u00e9tait une bagatelle tant que cette technologie monstrueuse \u00e9tait utilis\u00e9e par les dictatures pour opprimer leur propre peuple.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour \u00eatre pr\u00e9cis, nous en savons beaucoup sur les activit\u00e9s ill\u00e9gales de ce groupe depuis 1973 (lorsque les ordinateurs \u00e9taient des jouets et que l'espionnage consistait \u00e0 infiltrer des hommes louches dans des salles secr\u00e8tes \u00e0 l'aide d'un appareil microfilmant des documents interdits) de personnes dispers\u00e9es dans la campagne anglaise, dans le port de Hambourg, dans la capitale bavaroise ou dans les bidonvilles du Cap Town. L'histoire commence par un c\u00e2ble que l'ambassade am\u00e9ricaine \u00e0 Bonn a envoy\u00e9 aux autorit\u00e9s f\u00e9d\u00e9rales \u2013 un message signalant les activit\u00e9s suspectes d'un d\u00e9taillant d'\u00e9lectronique n\u00e9erlandais bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Hambourg, Peter Kluever[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La CIA d\u00e9cide d'investir dans cet homme, tout comme l'arm\u00e9e allemande. En 1981, ses deux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s PK Electronics et PKI Electronic Intelligence GmbH avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 des contrats avec le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. En 1983, le prince h\u00e9ritier d'Arabie saoudite, Abdullah Ibn Nasir IBn Abd al-Asis Al Sa'ud, visite Hambourg et les g\u00e9n\u00e9raux allemands lui montrent les effets de l'utilisation de la technologie Kluever sur l'efficacit\u00e9 et la cadence de tir des chars L\u00e9opard \u2013 qui le gouvernement de Moved Riyadh pour acqu\u00e9rir cette technologie[79]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 1987, Oelkers s'est envol\u00e9 pour P\u00e9kin pour une d\u00e9monstration de ses nouvelles puces et a ravi les g\u00e9n\u00e9raux chinois qui sont devenus une partie de sa client\u00e8le[80]<\/sup><\/a>. Dans le cadre des accords sign\u00e9s avec les \u00c9tats-Unis, \u00e0 partir de 1985, Kluever a vendu une technologie d'espionnage am\u00e9ricaine tr\u00e8s moderne (d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e par l'Ocean Applied Research Corporation \u00e0 San Diego[81]<\/sup><\/a> et distribu\u00e9e par le groupe CompuDyne Corporation en Pennsylvanie[82]<\/sup><\/a>) \u00e0 Muhammar Ghaddafi en Libye, \u00e0 Hafiz Al -Assad en Syrie, \u00e0 Haji Mohammad Suharto en Indon\u00e9sie \u2013 les trois pr\u00e9sidents l'utilisent pour intercepter les appels t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques et les \u00e9missions radio des opposants, des arm\u00e9es \u00e9trang\u00e8res et des groupes rebelles[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En vieillissant, Kluever vendra son entreprise (le PK Electronics Group \u00e0 Hambourg) \u00e0 deux ing\u00e9nieurs, l'Allemand Stephan Oelkers et l'Anglais William Louthean Nelson. Ce dernier avait commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 diriger le bureau de P\u00e9kin en 1985 et avait cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre soci\u00e9t\u00e9, Personal Protection Products Ltd. Hong Kong[84]<\/sup><\/a>, en 1992, qui jusqu'en 1994, via sa filiale de Hull[85]<\/sup><\/a>, vendait des dispositifs d'\u00e9coute utilis\u00e9s par les services secrets britanniques pour combattre l'IRA en Ulster[86]<\/sup><\/a>. Lorsque Kluever prendra sa retraite, PK Electronics sera transmis \u00e0 William Nelson et \u00e0 son fils Louthean John Alexander Nelson, les fondateurs du groupe Gamma International[87]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le sch\u00e9ma des participations du Groupe Gamma International ainsi que des personnes et soci\u00e9t\u00e9s associ\u00e9es \u2013 \u00a9 IBI World Ltd. London<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une nouvelle \u00e8re commence dans laquelle les anciennes \u00e9coutes t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques seront bient\u00f4t surmont\u00e9es et oubli\u00e9es. Le jeune Louthean commence \u00e0 travailler avec Niels J\u00f8rgen Tobiasen et ses deux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s : The CBRN Team Ltd. Londres[88]<\/sup><\/a> et The Phoenix Hazard Training Ltd. Darlington[89]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est une op\u00e9ration industrielle qui est n\u00e9e d'un contrat de fourniture d'armes chimiques, biologiques, radiologiques et nucl\u00e9aires \u00e0 l'Ouganda[90]<\/sup><\/a> qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9goci\u00e9 avec un membre du gouvernement, Ananias Tumukunde, qui avait accept\u00e9 un pot-de-vin de 40000 \u00a3[91]<\/sup><\/a>. Une op\u00e9ration qui s'est termin\u00e9e par l'arrestation de Tumukunde \u00e0 Kampala et de Tobiasen \u00e0 Londres en juillet 2007[92]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au cours de ces ann\u00e9es, Louthean Nelson a \u00e9galement tent\u00e9 de faciliter une collaboration avec l'\u00e9quipe de piratage de David Vincenzetti : avec l'un des meilleurs hackers du groupe milanais, Alberto Pelliccione, Nelson a essay\u00e9 apr\u00e8s un certain temps de trouver un syst\u00e8me pour pirater les appareils Nokia \u2013 mais Pelliccione change d\u2019avis quand il d\u00e9couvre que Nelson a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 livrer des armes aux pays touch\u00e9s par les sanctions internationales par l'interm\u00e9diaire d'une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qui a maintenant \u00e9t\u00e9 liquid\u00e9e, Cyan Engineering Services SAL Beirut[93]<\/sup><\/a>. Quelque chose avec lequel Pelliccione ne veut rien avoir \u00e0 voir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'entreprise suivante est peut-\u00eatre encore plus \u00e9tonnante : Nelson fonde Elaman et d\u00e9localise certaines activit\u00e9s en Suisse[94]<\/sup><\/a> parce qu'il fait de nouveau affaire avec l'ancien partenaire de son p\u00e8re, Stephan Oelkers. Oelkers a convaincu Nelson de d\u00e9placer son centre d'op\u00e9rations de Hambourg \u00e0 Munich et d'accepter un nouveau partenaire, Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt. Cela devrait travailler avec les services secrets autrichiens[95]<\/sup><\/a> et tenter de reprendre la station de Bad Aibling \u00e0 la NSA (American Military Intelligence)[96]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est une tentation imposante et extr\u00eamement symbolique : la station d'interception de Bad Aibling est n\u00e9e en 1936 comme a\u00e9roport militaire et centre radar de la Luftwaffe, et \u00e0 la fin de la guerre, l'arm\u00e9e am\u00e9ricaine l'a convertie en camp de transit pour les prisonniers de guerre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s et victimes des camps de concentration nationaux-socialistes. Un camp de concentration tr\u00e8s c\u00e9l\u00e8bre que les \u00e9crivains G\u00fcnther Grass et Joseph Ratzinger (le futur pape Beno\u00eet XVI)[97]<\/sup><\/a> ont travers\u00e9. De 1952 jusqu'\u00e0 la fermeture, demand\u00e9e par l'Union europ\u00e9enne en 2001 et r\u00e9alis\u00e9e en 2004 (officiellement, puisque l'installation \u00e9tait toujours en activit\u00e9 en 2013[98]<\/sup><\/a>), la NSA de Bad Aibling a assembl\u00e9 ses syst\u00e8mes Echelon[99]<\/sup><\/a> pour intercepter les communications t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques du plan\u00e8te enti\u00e8re[100]<\/sup><\/a>. La prise de contr\u00f4le de la station NSA aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 la cons\u00e9cration de Nelson et de ses employ\u00e9s \u00e0 une entreprise d'importance mondiale et au pouvoir presque illimit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les n\u00e9gociations n'\u00e9taient pas termin\u00e9es lorsque FinFisher a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 vendre son FinSpy \u00e0 la Turquie et le monde entier a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 voir le danger. Apr\u00e8s les recherches \u00e0 Munich, en Suisse et en Roumanie, Nelson a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 liquider toutes les entreprises le plus rapidement possible: certaines d'entre elles (Computplus Ltd., G2 Systems Ltd., Gamma 2000 Ltd., Gamma 2000 Waste Management Ltd., Gamma International (UK) Ltd.) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 liquid\u00e9s d\u00e9but f\u00e9vrier 2021 au moment de la r\u00e9daction de cet article[101]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'y a pas de retour en arri\u00e8re<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

14 avril 2007 : Plus d'un million de citoyens pacifiques protestent contre l'abolition de la libert\u00e9 et contre un r\u00e9gime qui a transform\u00e9 leur patrie en un enfer d'oppression, de violence et de mis\u00e8re. Une sc\u00e8ne d'humanit\u00e9 passionnante qui pourrait difficilement \u00eatre r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9e<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, cela ne change pas la substance des choses. Aujourd'hui, f\u00e9vrier 2021, le gouvernement et ses agences de renseignement dans au moins 40 pays \u00e0 travers le monde, dont la grande majorit\u00e9 est dirig\u00e9e par une dictature, ont entre les mains des logiciels qui vont non seulement au-del\u00e0 des sc\u00e9narios apocalyptiques d\u00e9crits par George Orwell, mais aussi du \"Br\u00e9sil<\/em>\" de Terry Gilliam : D\u00e9sormais, un r\u00e9gime n'a plus besoin de d\u00e9couvrir que quelqu'un pr\u00e9pare un complot pour les isoler, les torturer, les condamner et les exterminer. L'\u00c9tat peut cr\u00e9er des preuves d'un simple clic d'ordinateur, en utilisant un logiciel qui en un milli\u00e8me de seconde condamnera chacun de nous et impliquera chacun de nos proches dans notre destruction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 o\u00f9 l'ali\u00e9nation de l'individu du contexte commun a d\u00e9j\u00e0 atteint des proportions inqui\u00e9tantes, les logiciels d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s et vendus par une petite poign\u00e9e de criminels totalement inconnus du public ont permis \u00e0 l'humanit\u00e9 de s'engager sur un chemin de non-retour : celui o\u00f9 il n'y a plus rien de vrai et de v\u00e9rifiable dans lequel chacun de nous doit douter de qui est autour de nous, et m\u00eame (et plus encore) nous-m\u00eames.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La faiblesse et la superficialit\u00e9 avec lesquelles les gouvernements occidentaux (en particulier les \u00c9tats-Unis, l'Allemagne et le Royaume-Uni) ont permis \u00e0 ce logiciel d'\u00eatre distribu\u00e9 \u00e0 travers la plan\u00e8te pour des calculs purement \u00e9go\u00efstes sont impardonnables et le signe que 75 ans apr\u00e8s la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale , 30 ans apr\u00e8s la fin de la guerre froide, et la peur d'un conflit nucl\u00e9aire lorsque la nature se rebelle contre la mani\u00e8re insens\u00e9e dont nous la d\u00e9truisons, les gens ont franchi la limite ultime \u2013 ceux dans lesquels l'ennemi qui tue ne vient pas de l'ext\u00e9rieur, mais de l'int\u00e9rieur \u2013 et est inexorable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/65-in-yuzbinleri-6335051<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/6554851.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/laik-turkiye-icin-caglayan-a-6426626<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/3-miting-3-mesaj-6462629<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/izmir-rekor-bekliyor-6495436<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/turkey-used-german-spy-software-on-opposition-politicians-and-activists\/a-43787769<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/en\/content\/turkish-spy-networks-control-opponents<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-39416954<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.birgun.net\/haber\/iddia-pelikancilar-hakan-fidan-gitsin-diyor-283382<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trthaber.com\/haber\/gundem\/iletisim-baskanligi-berat-albayrakin-gorevden-af-talebi-kabul-edilmistir-529559.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/europe\/russia-accuses-president-erdogan-s-son-law-being-linked-isis-oil-trade-a6761436.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2016\/09\/turkey-redhackers-daunt-the-erdogan-family.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepressproject.gr\/exclusive-wikileaks-documents-relations-erdogan-isis-oil-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.duvarenglish.com\/sport\/2020\/02\/10\/politics-in-stadiums-fenerbahce-fans-urge-minister-albayrak-to-keep-hands-off-football<\/a> ; https:\/\/odatv4.com\/fenerbahceliler-damata-karsi-ayaga-kalkti-02022031.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Intelligence Online, \u201cHakan Fidan close to ministerial promotion<\/em>\u201d, see in 2020.11.18 Hakan Fidan Minister<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-launches-project-to-train-1-million-software-developers-154081<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> 2017.04.13 T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mill%C3%AE_%C4%B0stihbarat_Te%C5%9Fkil%C3%A2t%C4%B1#Leitung<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> Hakan Fidan on Nexis, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/t24.com.tr\/haber\/adanada-3-tir-durduruldu-arama-yapiliyor,248707<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> 1000 colpi di mortaio, 1000 colpi di artiglieria, 50\u2019000 fucili d'assalto e 30\u2019000 munizioni per mitragliatrice \u2013 see in https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529223636\/http:\/\/www.aktifhaber.com\/devlet-sirri-denilen-mit-tirlari-ile-ilgili-tapeler-1053377h.htm#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.haber7.com\/guncel\/haber\/1121773-mit-tirlari-neden-durduruldu ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aljazeera.com.tr\/haber\/mit-tirlari-boyle-durduruldu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/bianet.org\/bianet\/insan-haklari\/155519-tir-lari-durdurmakla-suclanan-13-askere-muebbet-istendi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milliyet.com.tr\/gundem\/mit-tirlari-olayinda-yeni-gelisme-5-savci-gorevden-uzaklastirildi-1999064<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/erdogandan-canli-yayinda-can-dundara-tehdit-288885<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.faz.net\/aktuell\/politik\/ausland\/europa\/tuerkei\/tuerkei-kampf-gegen-die-soldaten-des-lichts-12715816.html?printPagedArticle=true#pageIndex_3<\/a> ; https:\/\/taz.de\/Wie-Guelen-zum-Staatsfeind-Nr-1-wurde\/!5323191\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2021\/02\/03\/son-dakika-istihbarattaki-fetocu-generalden-bomba-itiraflar-tegmen-rutbemi-fetullah-gulen-takti<\/a> ; https:\/\/tr.sputniknews.com\/turkiye\/202001211041211454-sozcu-ilker-basbugu-cezaevine-attiran-feto-mektubunu-acikliyoruz\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.genios.de\/presse-archiv\/artikel\/FAZ\/20171111\/jagd-auf-die-guelenisten\/FR1201711115279571.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nadir.org\/nadir\/initiativ\/isku\/hintergrund\/geheimdienste\/geheim994.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/tuerkischer-geheimdienst-liess-erdogan-gegner-in-deutschland-ausspionieren\/12027820.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article157778863\/Erdogans-Agenten-bedrohen-Tuerken-in-Deutschland.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html ;  https:\/\/www.derstandard.at\/story\/1397522175727\/geheimdienst-staat-tuerkei<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2020\/09\/turkey-austria-spy-nehammer-kurdish-clashes-protests-vienna.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/austria-turkey-espionage-int-idUSKBN25S4R5<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/10\/13\/world\/europe\/turkey-austria-erdogan-assassin.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/global-europe\/news\/flemish-minister-turkish-sponosred-mosque-is-nest-of-spies\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/07\/06\/influenced-by-gulenists-belgium-targets-turkish-mosques-fighting-extremism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/erdogan-critics-listed-by-turkish-embassy-in-prague-were-included-in-bogus-terrorism-probe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turk-greek-ties-strained-by-arson-row-10324<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-greece-germany-spying\/greek-police-arrest-german-on-suspicion-of-spying-idUSBRE97208820130803<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kathimerini.gr\/society\/896001\/istories-me-kataskopoys-sto-aigaio\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.larissanet.gr\/2019\/06\/21\/dikazetai-sti-rodo-kataskopos-tis-tourkias\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/ahvalnews.com\/mit\/turkish-intelligence-recruits-eu-retirees-spy-greece<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/04\/turkish-intelligence-operations-targeting-critics-in-greece-exposed-in-secret-documents\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/intelnews.org\/2016\/12\/09\/01-2023\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/more-secret-documents-confirming-vast-turkish-espionage-activities-in-greece-uncovered\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.skai.gr\/news\/greece\/dyo-syllipseis-ellinon-gia-kataskopeia-sti-rodo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-kosovo-security-turkey-idUSKBN1H70CC<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/opinion\/murat-yetkin\/turkish-intelligence-unveils-secret-codes-used-before-coup-attempt-103843<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2018\/09\/turkish-teachers-detained-moldova-gulen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/balkaninsight.com\/2018\/09\/06\/six-turkish-professors-detained-by-moldovan-secret-services-09-06-2018\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/turkeypurge.com\/turkey-spying-imams-active-also-in-norway<\/a> ; https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/turkeys-autocratic-president-erdogans-spying-profiling-expands-in-norway\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/kafila.org\/www-matthewaid-com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/report-sweden-launches-espionage-probe-into-turkish-govt-representatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/politics\/undiplomatic_swiss-eye-alleged-turkish-kidnapping-attempt\/43973170 ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/swiss-foreign-minister-warns-turkey-against-illegal-spying-111199 ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/eu-affairs\/2017\/05\/01\/as-anti-turkish-politics-grip-europe-turkish-swiss-policeman-arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-brings-key-feto-suspect-from-ukraine-to-turkey-134608<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.meforum.org\/60976\/turkish-spy-agency-mit-intelligence-gathering-australia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-court\/egypt-detains-29-people-on-suspicion-of-espionage-for-turkey-idUSKBN1DM1AN<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/33764\/In-Pictures-Egypt-foils-Turkish-espionage-attempt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-agency-brings-three-feto-members-from-gabon-to-turkey-130050<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/turkey\/turkish-intelligence-agency-rescues-a-kidnapped-italian-citizen-in-kenya-36192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20190807-libyan-national-army-turkish-intelligence-is-operating-in-tripoli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/11\/27\/senior-feto-figure-captured-by-turkish-intelligence-in-sudan\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Technologie allemande pour le tortionnaire d'Erdo\u011fan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Comment fonctionne l'application FishSpy de FinFisher GmbH \u00e0 Munich \u2013 le c\u0153ur battant du syst\u00e8me d'espionnage turc du MIT<\/sub><\/strong>[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le syst\u00e8me complexe de contr\u00f4le, de piratage, d'interception et de falsification n\u00e9cessaire pour surveiller des millions de personnes n'est pas un jouet. Des ONG de toute l'Europe recherchent qui a d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 une telle technologie et l'a trouv\u00e9e en Allemagne \u2013 elle s'appelle FinSpy et est produite par trois soci\u00e9t\u00e9s du groupe Gamma International : FinFisher GmbH Munich, FinFisher Labs GmbH Munich et Elaman GmbH Munich. Quatre organisations ont pu le prouver \u00e0 la justice allemande[57]<\/sup><\/a> : Reporters sans fronti\u00e8res de Berlin (actif dans toute l'Europe, principalement pr\u00e9occup\u00e9 par la libert\u00e9 de la presse[58]<\/sup><\/a>), GFF Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Freiheitsrechte de Berlin (tr\u00e8s active dans la surveillance des activit\u00e9s ill\u00e9gales du BND et d'autres services secrets allemands[59]<\/sup><\/a>), Netzpolitik.org \u00e0 Berlin (un journal en ligne[60]<\/sup><\/a>) et le Centre europ\u00e9en pour la Constitution et les droits de l'homme \u00e0 Berlin[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le parquet de Munich lance une enqu\u00eate p\u00e9nale sur la base des preuves pr\u00e9sent\u00e9es par ces ONG : les entreprises bavaroises susmentionn\u00e9es ont viol\u00e9 la loi sur le commerce ext\u00e9rieur[62]<\/sup><\/a> sur au moins six points et ont non seulement vendu FinSpy \u00e0 la Turquie, mais aussi aux gouvernements de nombreux autres pays, y compris Bahre\u00efn, l'\u00c9gypte, l'\u00c9thiopie, la Libye, le Kazakhstan, l'Arabie saoudite et le Venezuela[63]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 tous des pays qui soul\u00e8vent de graves pr\u00e9occupations quant \u00e0 la nature d\u00e9mocratique du syst\u00e8me politique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enqu\u00eate a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que ces trois soci\u00e9t\u00e9s n'en \u00e9taient qu'\u00e0 l'origine une, Gamma International UK Ltd. Winchester, contre qui une enqu\u00eate ouverte en 2013 par les autorit\u00e9s judiciaires britanniques[64]<\/sup><\/a> a \u00e9t\u00e9 bloqu\u00e9e, qui aurait mis l'entreprise sur la liste noire de l'OCDE[65]<\/sup><\/a> fin 2016 \u2013 une mesure qui interdit \u00e0 quiconque dans le monde de faire affaire avec ce groupe industriel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enqu\u00eate britannique s'est limit\u00e9e \u00e0 l'analyse de la vente de FinSpy \u00e0 Bahre\u00efn, tandis que l'enqu\u00eate allemande, accompagn\u00e9e d'un grand nombre de t\u00e9moignages de victimes de la terreur du r\u00e9gime d'Erdo\u011fan en Turquie et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, va beaucoup plus loin et constate que FinSpy a \u00e9t\u00e9 vendu ill\u00e9galement dans 36 pays[66]<\/sup><\/a>, il y a d'\u00e9normes centres de stockage de donn\u00e9es dans 11 pays[67]<\/sup><\/a>, de sorte qu'on soup\u00e7onne maintenant qu'il y a beaucoup d'autres crimes cach\u00e9s derri\u00e8re les faits connus[68]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est pourquoi le parquet de Munich a ordonn\u00e9 une perquisition des locaux de la capitale bavaroise, mais aussi de la branche roumaine du groupe Gamma International[69]<\/sup><\/a>, en octobre 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il est presque impossible de se d\u00e9fendre contre FinSpy : le malware s'installe avec de fausses mises \u00e0 jour d\u00e9guis\u00e9es en officielles, via des e-mails avec de fausses pi\u00e8ces jointes ou \u00e0 travers des failles de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans le logiciel \u2013 comme Avira[70]<\/sup><\/a> ou iTunes d'Apple \u2013 et ensuite via les fausses plates-formes du principaux moteurs de recherche, installations Mac et Linux[71]<\/sup><\/a>, programmes de messagerie \u00e9lectronique, r\u00e9seaux sociaux, sites Web pour les achats en ligne[72]<\/sup><\/a>. L\u00e0 o\u00f9 le malware de Gamma International ne parvient pas, celui de l'\u00e9quipe de piratage de David Vincenzetti[73]<\/sup><\/a> est l\u00e0[74]<\/sup><\/a>. Mais cette soci\u00e9t\u00e9 n'est plus l\u00e0, Gamma l'a surpass\u00e9e, ses fondateurs sont r\u00e9partis dans de nombreuses petites entreprises[75]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re les poup\u00e9es Matriochka?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

En 2015, le Citizen Lab Institute de Toronto avait identifi\u00e9 35 pays qui utilisaient ill\u00e9galement les applications du groupe Gamma \/ FinFisher<\/sub><\/strong>[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enqu\u00eate du parquet de Munich laisse un go\u00fbt un peu amer dans la bouche: comment est-il possible qu'une plainte de quatre ONG ait \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9cessaire pour enqu\u00eate ? Il est logique que le soup\u00e7on d'hypocrisie surgisse, surtout en sachant que les services secrets allemands (BND) avaient d\u00e9cern\u00e9 \u00e0 Stephan Oelkers de Gamma International les Big Brother Awards en 2012, car Gamma \u00e9tait \u00ab la meilleure entreprise au monde intrusion de syst\u00e8mes informatiques et installation de logiciels de surveillance<\/em> (...) Gamma propose ses services sur son site Internet \u2013 bien que le d\u00e9veloppement et la distribution de ce type de logiciel espion soient interdits par le droit p\u00e9nal allemand (Par. 282c StGB). Cependant, cela ne s'applique qu'aux clients priv\u00e9s, pas aux ventes aux autorit\u00e9s nationales ou \u00e0 la police secr\u00e8te d'une dictature \u00e9trang\u00e8re. C'est la raison pour laquelle le parquet de Munich a refus\u00e9 d'engager une proc\u00e9dure p\u00e9nale contre Gamma<\/em> \u00bb[77]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref : tout le monde savait tout, mais il y a huit ans, le procureur de Munich pensait que c'\u00e9tait une bagatelle tant que cette technologie monstrueuse \u00e9tait utilis\u00e9e par les dictatures pour opprimer leur propre peuple.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour \u00eatre pr\u00e9cis, nous en savons beaucoup sur les activit\u00e9s ill\u00e9gales de ce groupe depuis 1973 (lorsque les ordinateurs \u00e9taient des jouets et que l'espionnage consistait \u00e0 infiltrer des hommes louches dans des salles secr\u00e8tes \u00e0 l'aide d'un appareil microfilmant des documents interdits) de personnes dispers\u00e9es dans la campagne anglaise, dans le port de Hambourg, dans la capitale bavaroise ou dans les bidonvilles du Cap Town. L'histoire commence par un c\u00e2ble que l'ambassade am\u00e9ricaine \u00e0 Bonn a envoy\u00e9 aux autorit\u00e9s f\u00e9d\u00e9rales \u2013 un message signalant les activit\u00e9s suspectes d'un d\u00e9taillant d'\u00e9lectronique n\u00e9erlandais bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Hambourg, Peter Kluever[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La CIA d\u00e9cide d'investir dans cet homme, tout comme l'arm\u00e9e allemande. En 1981, ses deux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s PK Electronics et PKI Electronic Intelligence GmbH avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 des contrats avec le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. En 1983, le prince h\u00e9ritier d'Arabie saoudite, Abdullah Ibn Nasir IBn Abd al-Asis Al Sa'ud, visite Hambourg et les g\u00e9n\u00e9raux allemands lui montrent les effets de l'utilisation de la technologie Kluever sur l'efficacit\u00e9 et la cadence de tir des chars L\u00e9opard \u2013 qui le gouvernement de Moved Riyadh pour acqu\u00e9rir cette technologie[79]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 1987, Oelkers s'est envol\u00e9 pour P\u00e9kin pour une d\u00e9monstration de ses nouvelles puces et a ravi les g\u00e9n\u00e9raux chinois qui sont devenus une partie de sa client\u00e8le[80]<\/sup><\/a>. Dans le cadre des accords sign\u00e9s avec les \u00c9tats-Unis, \u00e0 partir de 1985, Kluever a vendu une technologie d'espionnage am\u00e9ricaine tr\u00e8s moderne (d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e par l'Ocean Applied Research Corporation \u00e0 San Diego[81]<\/sup><\/a> et distribu\u00e9e par le groupe CompuDyne Corporation en Pennsylvanie[82]<\/sup><\/a>) \u00e0 Muhammar Ghaddafi en Libye, \u00e0 Hafiz Al -Assad en Syrie, \u00e0 Haji Mohammad Suharto en Indon\u00e9sie \u2013 les trois pr\u00e9sidents l'utilisent pour intercepter les appels t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques et les \u00e9missions radio des opposants, des arm\u00e9es \u00e9trang\u00e8res et des groupes rebelles[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En vieillissant, Kluever vendra son entreprise (le PK Electronics Group \u00e0 Hambourg) \u00e0 deux ing\u00e9nieurs, l'Allemand Stephan Oelkers et l'Anglais William Louthean Nelson. Ce dernier avait commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 diriger le bureau de P\u00e9kin en 1985 et avait cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre soci\u00e9t\u00e9, Personal Protection Products Ltd. Hong Kong[84]<\/sup><\/a>, en 1992, qui jusqu'en 1994, via sa filiale de Hull[85]<\/sup><\/a>, vendait des dispositifs d'\u00e9coute utilis\u00e9s par les services secrets britanniques pour combattre l'IRA en Ulster[86]<\/sup><\/a>. Lorsque Kluever prendra sa retraite, PK Electronics sera transmis \u00e0 William Nelson et \u00e0 son fils Louthean John Alexander Nelson, les fondateurs du groupe Gamma International[87]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le sch\u00e9ma des participations du Groupe Gamma International ainsi que des personnes et soci\u00e9t\u00e9s associ\u00e9es \u2013 \u00a9 IBI World Ltd. London<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une nouvelle \u00e8re commence dans laquelle les anciennes \u00e9coutes t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques seront bient\u00f4t surmont\u00e9es et oubli\u00e9es. Le jeune Louthean commence \u00e0 travailler avec Niels J\u00f8rgen Tobiasen et ses deux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s : The CBRN Team Ltd. Londres[88]<\/sup><\/a> et The Phoenix Hazard Training Ltd. Darlington[89]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est une op\u00e9ration industrielle qui est n\u00e9e d'un contrat de fourniture d'armes chimiques, biologiques, radiologiques et nucl\u00e9aires \u00e0 l'Ouganda[90]<\/sup><\/a> qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9goci\u00e9 avec un membre du gouvernement, Ananias Tumukunde, qui avait accept\u00e9 un pot-de-vin de 40000 \u00a3[91]<\/sup><\/a>. Une op\u00e9ration qui s'est termin\u00e9e par l'arrestation de Tumukunde \u00e0 Kampala et de Tobiasen \u00e0 Londres en juillet 2007[92]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au cours de ces ann\u00e9es, Louthean Nelson a \u00e9galement tent\u00e9 de faciliter une collaboration avec l'\u00e9quipe de piratage de David Vincenzetti : avec l'un des meilleurs hackers du groupe milanais, Alberto Pelliccione, Nelson a essay\u00e9 apr\u00e8s un certain temps de trouver un syst\u00e8me pour pirater les appareils Nokia \u2013 mais Pelliccione change d\u2019avis quand il d\u00e9couvre que Nelson a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 livrer des armes aux pays touch\u00e9s par les sanctions internationales par l'interm\u00e9diaire d'une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qui a maintenant \u00e9t\u00e9 liquid\u00e9e, Cyan Engineering Services SAL Beirut[93]<\/sup><\/a>. Quelque chose avec lequel Pelliccione ne veut rien avoir \u00e0 voir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'entreprise suivante est peut-\u00eatre encore plus \u00e9tonnante : Nelson fonde Elaman et d\u00e9localise certaines activit\u00e9s en Suisse[94]<\/sup><\/a> parce qu'il fait de nouveau affaire avec l'ancien partenaire de son p\u00e8re, Stephan Oelkers. Oelkers a convaincu Nelson de d\u00e9placer son centre d'op\u00e9rations de Hambourg \u00e0 Munich et d'accepter un nouveau partenaire, Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt. Cela devrait travailler avec les services secrets autrichiens[95]<\/sup><\/a> et tenter de reprendre la station de Bad Aibling \u00e0 la NSA (American Military Intelligence)[96]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est une tentation imposante et extr\u00eamement symbolique : la station d'interception de Bad Aibling est n\u00e9e en 1936 comme a\u00e9roport militaire et centre radar de la Luftwaffe, et \u00e0 la fin de la guerre, l'arm\u00e9e am\u00e9ricaine l'a convertie en camp de transit pour les prisonniers de guerre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s et victimes des camps de concentration nationaux-socialistes. Un camp de concentration tr\u00e8s c\u00e9l\u00e8bre que les \u00e9crivains G\u00fcnther Grass et Joseph Ratzinger (le futur pape Beno\u00eet XVI)[97]<\/sup><\/a> ont travers\u00e9. De 1952 jusqu'\u00e0 la fermeture, demand\u00e9e par l'Union europ\u00e9enne en 2001 et r\u00e9alis\u00e9e en 2004 (officiellement, puisque l'installation \u00e9tait toujours en activit\u00e9 en 2013[98]<\/sup><\/a>), la NSA de Bad Aibling a assembl\u00e9 ses syst\u00e8mes Echelon[99]<\/sup><\/a> pour intercepter les communications t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques du plan\u00e8te enti\u00e8re[100]<\/sup><\/a>. La prise de contr\u00f4le de la station NSA aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 la cons\u00e9cration de Nelson et de ses employ\u00e9s \u00e0 une entreprise d'importance mondiale et au pouvoir presque illimit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les n\u00e9gociations n'\u00e9taient pas termin\u00e9es lorsque FinFisher a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 vendre son FinSpy \u00e0 la Turquie et le monde entier a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 voir le danger. Apr\u00e8s les recherches \u00e0 Munich, en Suisse et en Roumanie, Nelson a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 liquider toutes les entreprises le plus rapidement possible: certaines d'entre elles (Computplus Ltd., G2 Systems Ltd., Gamma 2000 Ltd., Gamma 2000 Waste Management Ltd., Gamma International (UK) Ltd.) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 liquid\u00e9s d\u00e9but f\u00e9vrier 2021 au moment de la r\u00e9daction de cet article[101]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'y a pas de retour en arri\u00e8re<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

14 avril 2007 : Plus d'un million de citoyens pacifiques protestent contre l'abolition de la libert\u00e9 et contre un r\u00e9gime qui a transform\u00e9 leur patrie en un enfer d'oppression, de violence et de mis\u00e8re. Une sc\u00e8ne d'humanit\u00e9 passionnante qui pourrait difficilement \u00eatre r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9e<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, cela ne change pas la substance des choses. Aujourd'hui, f\u00e9vrier 2021, le gouvernement et ses agences de renseignement dans au moins 40 pays \u00e0 travers le monde, dont la grande majorit\u00e9 est dirig\u00e9e par une dictature, ont entre les mains des logiciels qui vont non seulement au-del\u00e0 des sc\u00e9narios apocalyptiques d\u00e9crits par George Orwell, mais aussi du \"Br\u00e9sil<\/em>\" de Terry Gilliam : D\u00e9sormais, un r\u00e9gime n'a plus besoin de d\u00e9couvrir que quelqu'un pr\u00e9pare un complot pour les isoler, les torturer, les condamner et les exterminer. L'\u00c9tat peut cr\u00e9er des preuves d'un simple clic d'ordinateur, en utilisant un logiciel qui en un milli\u00e8me de seconde condamnera chacun de nous et impliquera chacun de nos proches dans notre destruction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 o\u00f9 l'ali\u00e9nation de l'individu du contexte commun a d\u00e9j\u00e0 atteint des proportions inqui\u00e9tantes, les logiciels d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s et vendus par une petite poign\u00e9e de criminels totalement inconnus du public ont permis \u00e0 l'humanit\u00e9 de s'engager sur un chemin de non-retour : celui o\u00f9 il n'y a plus rien de vrai et de v\u00e9rifiable dans lequel chacun de nous doit douter de qui est autour de nous, et m\u00eame (et plus encore) nous-m\u00eames.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La faiblesse et la superficialit\u00e9 avec lesquelles les gouvernements occidentaux (en particulier les \u00c9tats-Unis, l'Allemagne et le Royaume-Uni) ont permis \u00e0 ce logiciel d'\u00eatre distribu\u00e9 \u00e0 travers la plan\u00e8te pour des calculs purement \u00e9go\u00efstes sont impardonnables et le signe que 75 ans apr\u00e8s la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale , 30 ans apr\u00e8s la fin de la guerre froide, et la peur d'un conflit nucl\u00e9aire lorsque la nature se rebelle contre la mani\u00e8re insens\u00e9e dont nous la d\u00e9truisons, les gens ont franchi la limite ultime \u2013 ceux dans lesquels l'ennemi qui tue ne vient pas de l'ext\u00e9rieur, mais de l'int\u00e9rieur \u2013 et est inexorable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/65-in-yuzbinleri-6335051<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/6554851.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/laik-turkiye-icin-caglayan-a-6426626<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/3-miting-3-mesaj-6462629<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/izmir-rekor-bekliyor-6495436<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/turkey-used-german-spy-software-on-opposition-politicians-and-activists\/a-43787769<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/en\/content\/turkish-spy-networks-control-opponents<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-39416954<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.birgun.net\/haber\/iddia-pelikancilar-hakan-fidan-gitsin-diyor-283382<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trthaber.com\/haber\/gundem\/iletisim-baskanligi-berat-albayrakin-gorevden-af-talebi-kabul-edilmistir-529559.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/europe\/russia-accuses-president-erdogan-s-son-law-being-linked-isis-oil-trade-a6761436.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2016\/09\/turkey-redhackers-daunt-the-erdogan-family.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepressproject.gr\/exclusive-wikileaks-documents-relations-erdogan-isis-oil-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.duvarenglish.com\/sport\/2020\/02\/10\/politics-in-stadiums-fenerbahce-fans-urge-minister-albayrak-to-keep-hands-off-football<\/a> ; https:\/\/odatv4.com\/fenerbahceliler-damata-karsi-ayaga-kalkti-02022031.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Intelligence Online, \u201cHakan Fidan close to ministerial promotion<\/em>\u201d, see in 2020.11.18 Hakan Fidan Minister<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-launches-project-to-train-1-million-software-developers-154081<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> 2017.04.13 T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mill%C3%AE_%C4%B0stihbarat_Te%C5%9Fkil%C3%A2t%C4%B1#Leitung<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> Hakan Fidan on Nexis, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/t24.com.tr\/haber\/adanada-3-tir-durduruldu-arama-yapiliyor,248707<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> 1000 colpi di mortaio, 1000 colpi di artiglieria, 50\u2019000 fucili d'assalto e 30\u2019000 munizioni per mitragliatrice \u2013 see in https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529223636\/http:\/\/www.aktifhaber.com\/devlet-sirri-denilen-mit-tirlari-ile-ilgili-tapeler-1053377h.htm#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.haber7.com\/guncel\/haber\/1121773-mit-tirlari-neden-durduruldu ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aljazeera.com.tr\/haber\/mit-tirlari-boyle-durduruldu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/bianet.org\/bianet\/insan-haklari\/155519-tir-lari-durdurmakla-suclanan-13-askere-muebbet-istendi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milliyet.com.tr\/gundem\/mit-tirlari-olayinda-yeni-gelisme-5-savci-gorevden-uzaklastirildi-1999064<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/erdogandan-canli-yayinda-can-dundara-tehdit-288885<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.faz.net\/aktuell\/politik\/ausland\/europa\/tuerkei\/tuerkei-kampf-gegen-die-soldaten-des-lichts-12715816.html?printPagedArticle=true#pageIndex_3<\/a> ; https:\/\/taz.de\/Wie-Guelen-zum-Staatsfeind-Nr-1-wurde\/!5323191\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2021\/02\/03\/son-dakika-istihbarattaki-fetocu-generalden-bomba-itiraflar-tegmen-rutbemi-fetullah-gulen-takti<\/a> ; https:\/\/tr.sputniknews.com\/turkiye\/202001211041211454-sozcu-ilker-basbugu-cezaevine-attiran-feto-mektubunu-acikliyoruz\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.genios.de\/presse-archiv\/artikel\/FAZ\/20171111\/jagd-auf-die-guelenisten\/FR1201711115279571.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nadir.org\/nadir\/initiativ\/isku\/hintergrund\/geheimdienste\/geheim994.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/tuerkischer-geheimdienst-liess-erdogan-gegner-in-deutschland-ausspionieren\/12027820.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article157778863\/Erdogans-Agenten-bedrohen-Tuerken-in-Deutschland.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html ;  https:\/\/www.derstandard.at\/story\/1397522175727\/geheimdienst-staat-tuerkei<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2020\/09\/turkey-austria-spy-nehammer-kurdish-clashes-protests-vienna.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/austria-turkey-espionage-int-idUSKBN25S4R5<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/10\/13\/world\/europe\/turkey-austria-erdogan-assassin.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/global-europe\/news\/flemish-minister-turkish-sponosred-mosque-is-nest-of-spies\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/07\/06\/influenced-by-gulenists-belgium-targets-turkish-mosques-fighting-extremism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/erdogan-critics-listed-by-turkish-embassy-in-prague-were-included-in-bogus-terrorism-probe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turk-greek-ties-strained-by-arson-row-10324<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-greece-germany-spying\/greek-police-arrest-german-on-suspicion-of-spying-idUSBRE97208820130803<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kathimerini.gr\/society\/896001\/istories-me-kataskopoys-sto-aigaio\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.larissanet.gr\/2019\/06\/21\/dikazetai-sti-rodo-kataskopos-tis-tourkias\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/ahvalnews.com\/mit\/turkish-intelligence-recruits-eu-retirees-spy-greece<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/04\/turkish-intelligence-operations-targeting-critics-in-greece-exposed-in-secret-documents\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/intelnews.org\/2016\/12\/09\/01-2023\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/more-secret-documents-confirming-vast-turkish-espionage-activities-in-greece-uncovered\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.skai.gr\/news\/greece\/dyo-syllipseis-ellinon-gia-kataskopeia-sti-rodo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-kosovo-security-turkey-idUSKBN1H70CC<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/opinion\/murat-yetkin\/turkish-intelligence-unveils-secret-codes-used-before-coup-attempt-103843<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2018\/09\/turkish-teachers-detained-moldova-gulen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/balkaninsight.com\/2018\/09\/06\/six-turkish-professors-detained-by-moldovan-secret-services-09-06-2018\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/turkeypurge.com\/turkey-spying-imams-active-also-in-norway<\/a> ; https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/turkeys-autocratic-president-erdogans-spying-profiling-expands-in-norway\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/kafila.org\/www-matthewaid-com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/report-sweden-launches-espionage-probe-into-turkish-govt-representatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/politics\/undiplomatic_swiss-eye-alleged-turkish-kidnapping-attempt\/43973170 ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/swiss-foreign-minister-warns-turkey-against-illegal-spying-111199 ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/eu-affairs\/2017\/05\/01\/as-anti-turkish-politics-grip-europe-turkish-swiss-policeman-arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-brings-key-feto-suspect-from-ukraine-to-turkey-134608<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.meforum.org\/60976\/turkish-spy-agency-mit-intelligence-gathering-australia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-court\/egypt-detains-29-people-on-suspicion-of-espionage-for-turkey-idUSKBN1DM1AN<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/33764\/In-Pictures-Egypt-foils-Turkish-espionage-attempt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-agency-brings-three-feto-members-from-gabon-to-turkey-130050<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/turkey\/turkish-intelligence-agency-rescues-a-kidnapped-italian-citizen-in-kenya-36192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20190807-libyan-national-army-turkish-intelligence-is-operating-in-tripoli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/11\/27\/senior-feto-figure-captured-by-turkish-intelligence-in-sudan\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

L'un des objectifs du MIT est d'intercepter les communications pour cr\u00e9er des preuves fictives contre les critiques du r\u00e9gime d'Ankara et pour justifier leur enl\u00e8vement et leur torture[26]<\/sup><\/a>. Une strat\u00e9gie que le MIT poursuit \u00e9galement dans plusieurs autres pays du monde \u2013 par exemple en Autriche[27]<\/sup><\/a>, Belgique[28]<\/sup><\/a>, R\u00e9publique tch\u00e8que[29]<\/sup><\/a>, France[30]<\/sup><\/a>, Gr\u00e8ce[31]<\/sup><\/a>, Kosovo[32]<\/sup><\/a>, Lituanie[33]<\/sup><\/a>, Moldavie[34]<\/sup><\/a>, Norv\u00e8ge[35]<\/sup><\/a>, Serbie[36]<\/sup><\/a>, Su\u00e8de[37]<\/sup><\/a>, Suisse[38]<\/sup><\/a>, Ukraine[39]<\/sup><\/a>, Royaume-Uni[40]<\/sup><\/a> , Australie[41]<\/sup><\/a>, \u00c9gypte[42]<\/sup><\/a>, Gabon[43]<\/sup><\/a>, Kenya[44]<\/sup><\/a>, Libye[45]<\/sup><\/a>, Soudan[46]<\/sup><\/a>, \u00c9tats-Unis[47]<\/sup><\/a>, Arm\u00e9nie[48]<\/sup><\/a>, Azerba\u00efdjan[49]<\/sup><\/a>, G\u00e9orgie[50]<\/sup><\/a>, Irak[51]<\/sup><\/a>, Malaisie[52]<\/sup><\/a>, Mongolie[53]<\/sup><\/a>, Pakistan[54]<\/sup><\/a> et Syrie, o\u00f9 le gouvernement turc se bat avec sa propre arm\u00e9e et soutient l'EI[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Technologie allemande pour le tortionnaire d'Erdo\u011fan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Comment fonctionne l'application FishSpy de FinFisher GmbH \u00e0 Munich \u2013 le c\u0153ur battant du syst\u00e8me d'espionnage turc du MIT<\/sub><\/strong>[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le syst\u00e8me complexe de contr\u00f4le, de piratage, d'interception et de falsification n\u00e9cessaire pour surveiller des millions de personnes n'est pas un jouet. Des ONG de toute l'Europe recherchent qui a d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 une telle technologie et l'a trouv\u00e9e en Allemagne \u2013 elle s'appelle FinSpy et est produite par trois soci\u00e9t\u00e9s du groupe Gamma International : FinFisher GmbH Munich, FinFisher Labs GmbH Munich et Elaman GmbH Munich. Quatre organisations ont pu le prouver \u00e0 la justice allemande[57]<\/sup><\/a> : Reporters sans fronti\u00e8res de Berlin (actif dans toute l'Europe, principalement pr\u00e9occup\u00e9 par la libert\u00e9 de la presse[58]<\/sup><\/a>), GFF Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Freiheitsrechte de Berlin (tr\u00e8s active dans la surveillance des activit\u00e9s ill\u00e9gales du BND et d'autres services secrets allemands[59]<\/sup><\/a>), Netzpolitik.org \u00e0 Berlin (un journal en ligne[60]<\/sup><\/a>) et le Centre europ\u00e9en pour la Constitution et les droits de l'homme \u00e0 Berlin[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le parquet de Munich lance une enqu\u00eate p\u00e9nale sur la base des preuves pr\u00e9sent\u00e9es par ces ONG : les entreprises bavaroises susmentionn\u00e9es ont viol\u00e9 la loi sur le commerce ext\u00e9rieur[62]<\/sup><\/a> sur au moins six points et ont non seulement vendu FinSpy \u00e0 la Turquie, mais aussi aux gouvernements de nombreux autres pays, y compris Bahre\u00efn, l'\u00c9gypte, l'\u00c9thiopie, la Libye, le Kazakhstan, l'Arabie saoudite et le Venezuela[63]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 tous des pays qui soul\u00e8vent de graves pr\u00e9occupations quant \u00e0 la nature d\u00e9mocratique du syst\u00e8me politique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enqu\u00eate a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que ces trois soci\u00e9t\u00e9s n'en \u00e9taient qu'\u00e0 l'origine une, Gamma International UK Ltd. Winchester, contre qui une enqu\u00eate ouverte en 2013 par les autorit\u00e9s judiciaires britanniques[64]<\/sup><\/a> a \u00e9t\u00e9 bloqu\u00e9e, qui aurait mis l'entreprise sur la liste noire de l'OCDE[65]<\/sup><\/a> fin 2016 \u2013 une mesure qui interdit \u00e0 quiconque dans le monde de faire affaire avec ce groupe industriel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enqu\u00eate britannique s'est limit\u00e9e \u00e0 l'analyse de la vente de FinSpy \u00e0 Bahre\u00efn, tandis que l'enqu\u00eate allemande, accompagn\u00e9e d'un grand nombre de t\u00e9moignages de victimes de la terreur du r\u00e9gime d'Erdo\u011fan en Turquie et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, va beaucoup plus loin et constate que FinSpy a \u00e9t\u00e9 vendu ill\u00e9galement dans 36 pays[66]<\/sup><\/a>, il y a d'\u00e9normes centres de stockage de donn\u00e9es dans 11 pays[67]<\/sup><\/a>, de sorte qu'on soup\u00e7onne maintenant qu'il y a beaucoup d'autres crimes cach\u00e9s derri\u00e8re les faits connus[68]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est pourquoi le parquet de Munich a ordonn\u00e9 une perquisition des locaux de la capitale bavaroise, mais aussi de la branche roumaine du groupe Gamma International[69]<\/sup><\/a>, en octobre 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il est presque impossible de se d\u00e9fendre contre FinSpy : le malware s'installe avec de fausses mises \u00e0 jour d\u00e9guis\u00e9es en officielles, via des e-mails avec de fausses pi\u00e8ces jointes ou \u00e0 travers des failles de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans le logiciel \u2013 comme Avira[70]<\/sup><\/a> ou iTunes d'Apple \u2013 et ensuite via les fausses plates-formes du principaux moteurs de recherche, installations Mac et Linux[71]<\/sup><\/a>, programmes de messagerie \u00e9lectronique, r\u00e9seaux sociaux, sites Web pour les achats en ligne[72]<\/sup><\/a>. L\u00e0 o\u00f9 le malware de Gamma International ne parvient pas, celui de l'\u00e9quipe de piratage de David Vincenzetti[73]<\/sup><\/a> est l\u00e0[74]<\/sup><\/a>. Mais cette soci\u00e9t\u00e9 n'est plus l\u00e0, Gamma l'a surpass\u00e9e, ses fondateurs sont r\u00e9partis dans de nombreuses petites entreprises[75]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re les poup\u00e9es Matriochka?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

En 2015, le Citizen Lab Institute de Toronto avait identifi\u00e9 35 pays qui utilisaient ill\u00e9galement les applications du groupe Gamma \/ FinFisher<\/sub><\/strong>[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enqu\u00eate du parquet de Munich laisse un go\u00fbt un peu amer dans la bouche: comment est-il possible qu'une plainte de quatre ONG ait \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9cessaire pour enqu\u00eate ? Il est logique que le soup\u00e7on d'hypocrisie surgisse, surtout en sachant que les services secrets allemands (BND) avaient d\u00e9cern\u00e9 \u00e0 Stephan Oelkers de Gamma International les Big Brother Awards en 2012, car Gamma \u00e9tait \u00ab la meilleure entreprise au monde intrusion de syst\u00e8mes informatiques et installation de logiciels de surveillance<\/em> (...) Gamma propose ses services sur son site Internet \u2013 bien que le d\u00e9veloppement et la distribution de ce type de logiciel espion soient interdits par le droit p\u00e9nal allemand (Par. 282c StGB). Cependant, cela ne s'applique qu'aux clients priv\u00e9s, pas aux ventes aux autorit\u00e9s nationales ou \u00e0 la police secr\u00e8te d'une dictature \u00e9trang\u00e8re. C'est la raison pour laquelle le parquet de Munich a refus\u00e9 d'engager une proc\u00e9dure p\u00e9nale contre Gamma<\/em> \u00bb[77]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref : tout le monde savait tout, mais il y a huit ans, le procureur de Munich pensait que c'\u00e9tait une bagatelle tant que cette technologie monstrueuse \u00e9tait utilis\u00e9e par les dictatures pour opprimer leur propre peuple.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour \u00eatre pr\u00e9cis, nous en savons beaucoup sur les activit\u00e9s ill\u00e9gales de ce groupe depuis 1973 (lorsque les ordinateurs \u00e9taient des jouets et que l'espionnage consistait \u00e0 infiltrer des hommes louches dans des salles secr\u00e8tes \u00e0 l'aide d'un appareil microfilmant des documents interdits) de personnes dispers\u00e9es dans la campagne anglaise, dans le port de Hambourg, dans la capitale bavaroise ou dans les bidonvilles du Cap Town. L'histoire commence par un c\u00e2ble que l'ambassade am\u00e9ricaine \u00e0 Bonn a envoy\u00e9 aux autorit\u00e9s f\u00e9d\u00e9rales \u2013 un message signalant les activit\u00e9s suspectes d'un d\u00e9taillant d'\u00e9lectronique n\u00e9erlandais bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Hambourg, Peter Kluever[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La CIA d\u00e9cide d'investir dans cet homme, tout comme l'arm\u00e9e allemande. En 1981, ses deux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s PK Electronics et PKI Electronic Intelligence GmbH avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 des contrats avec le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. En 1983, le prince h\u00e9ritier d'Arabie saoudite, Abdullah Ibn Nasir IBn Abd al-Asis Al Sa'ud, visite Hambourg et les g\u00e9n\u00e9raux allemands lui montrent les effets de l'utilisation de la technologie Kluever sur l'efficacit\u00e9 et la cadence de tir des chars L\u00e9opard \u2013 qui le gouvernement de Moved Riyadh pour acqu\u00e9rir cette technologie[79]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 1987, Oelkers s'est envol\u00e9 pour P\u00e9kin pour une d\u00e9monstration de ses nouvelles puces et a ravi les g\u00e9n\u00e9raux chinois qui sont devenus une partie de sa client\u00e8le[80]<\/sup><\/a>. Dans le cadre des accords sign\u00e9s avec les \u00c9tats-Unis, \u00e0 partir de 1985, Kluever a vendu une technologie d'espionnage am\u00e9ricaine tr\u00e8s moderne (d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e par l'Ocean Applied Research Corporation \u00e0 San Diego[81]<\/sup><\/a> et distribu\u00e9e par le groupe CompuDyne Corporation en Pennsylvanie[82]<\/sup><\/a>) \u00e0 Muhammar Ghaddafi en Libye, \u00e0 Hafiz Al -Assad en Syrie, \u00e0 Haji Mohammad Suharto en Indon\u00e9sie \u2013 les trois pr\u00e9sidents l'utilisent pour intercepter les appels t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques et les \u00e9missions radio des opposants, des arm\u00e9es \u00e9trang\u00e8res et des groupes rebelles[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En vieillissant, Kluever vendra son entreprise (le PK Electronics Group \u00e0 Hambourg) \u00e0 deux ing\u00e9nieurs, l'Allemand Stephan Oelkers et l'Anglais William Louthean Nelson. Ce dernier avait commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 diriger le bureau de P\u00e9kin en 1985 et avait cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre soci\u00e9t\u00e9, Personal Protection Products Ltd. Hong Kong[84]<\/sup><\/a>, en 1992, qui jusqu'en 1994, via sa filiale de Hull[85]<\/sup><\/a>, vendait des dispositifs d'\u00e9coute utilis\u00e9s par les services secrets britanniques pour combattre l'IRA en Ulster[86]<\/sup><\/a>. Lorsque Kluever prendra sa retraite, PK Electronics sera transmis \u00e0 William Nelson et \u00e0 son fils Louthean John Alexander Nelson, les fondateurs du groupe Gamma International[87]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le sch\u00e9ma des participations du Groupe Gamma International ainsi que des personnes et soci\u00e9t\u00e9s associ\u00e9es \u2013 \u00a9 IBI World Ltd. London<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une nouvelle \u00e8re commence dans laquelle les anciennes \u00e9coutes t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques seront bient\u00f4t surmont\u00e9es et oubli\u00e9es. Le jeune Louthean commence \u00e0 travailler avec Niels J\u00f8rgen Tobiasen et ses deux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s : The CBRN Team Ltd. Londres[88]<\/sup><\/a> et The Phoenix Hazard Training Ltd. Darlington[89]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est une op\u00e9ration industrielle qui est n\u00e9e d'un contrat de fourniture d'armes chimiques, biologiques, radiologiques et nucl\u00e9aires \u00e0 l'Ouganda[90]<\/sup><\/a> qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9goci\u00e9 avec un membre du gouvernement, Ananias Tumukunde, qui avait accept\u00e9 un pot-de-vin de 40000 \u00a3[91]<\/sup><\/a>. Une op\u00e9ration qui s'est termin\u00e9e par l'arrestation de Tumukunde \u00e0 Kampala et de Tobiasen \u00e0 Londres en juillet 2007[92]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au cours de ces ann\u00e9es, Louthean Nelson a \u00e9galement tent\u00e9 de faciliter une collaboration avec l'\u00e9quipe de piratage de David Vincenzetti : avec l'un des meilleurs hackers du groupe milanais, Alberto Pelliccione, Nelson a essay\u00e9 apr\u00e8s un certain temps de trouver un syst\u00e8me pour pirater les appareils Nokia \u2013 mais Pelliccione change d\u2019avis quand il d\u00e9couvre que Nelson a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 livrer des armes aux pays touch\u00e9s par les sanctions internationales par l'interm\u00e9diaire d'une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qui a maintenant \u00e9t\u00e9 liquid\u00e9e, Cyan Engineering Services SAL Beirut[93]<\/sup><\/a>. Quelque chose avec lequel Pelliccione ne veut rien avoir \u00e0 voir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'entreprise suivante est peut-\u00eatre encore plus \u00e9tonnante : Nelson fonde Elaman et d\u00e9localise certaines activit\u00e9s en Suisse[94]<\/sup><\/a> parce qu'il fait de nouveau affaire avec l'ancien partenaire de son p\u00e8re, Stephan Oelkers. Oelkers a convaincu Nelson de d\u00e9placer son centre d'op\u00e9rations de Hambourg \u00e0 Munich et d'accepter un nouveau partenaire, Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt. Cela devrait travailler avec les services secrets autrichiens[95]<\/sup><\/a> et tenter de reprendre la station de Bad Aibling \u00e0 la NSA (American Military Intelligence)[96]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est une tentation imposante et extr\u00eamement symbolique : la station d'interception de Bad Aibling est n\u00e9e en 1936 comme a\u00e9roport militaire et centre radar de la Luftwaffe, et \u00e0 la fin de la guerre, l'arm\u00e9e am\u00e9ricaine l'a convertie en camp de transit pour les prisonniers de guerre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s et victimes des camps de concentration nationaux-socialistes. Un camp de concentration tr\u00e8s c\u00e9l\u00e8bre que les \u00e9crivains G\u00fcnther Grass et Joseph Ratzinger (le futur pape Beno\u00eet XVI)[97]<\/sup><\/a> ont travers\u00e9. De 1952 jusqu'\u00e0 la fermeture, demand\u00e9e par l'Union europ\u00e9enne en 2001 et r\u00e9alis\u00e9e en 2004 (officiellement, puisque l'installation \u00e9tait toujours en activit\u00e9 en 2013[98]<\/sup><\/a>), la NSA de Bad Aibling a assembl\u00e9 ses syst\u00e8mes Echelon[99]<\/sup><\/a> pour intercepter les communications t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques du plan\u00e8te enti\u00e8re[100]<\/sup><\/a>. La prise de contr\u00f4le de la station NSA aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 la cons\u00e9cration de Nelson et de ses employ\u00e9s \u00e0 une entreprise d'importance mondiale et au pouvoir presque illimit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les n\u00e9gociations n'\u00e9taient pas termin\u00e9es lorsque FinFisher a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 vendre son FinSpy \u00e0 la Turquie et le monde entier a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 voir le danger. Apr\u00e8s les recherches \u00e0 Munich, en Suisse et en Roumanie, Nelson a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 liquider toutes les entreprises le plus rapidement possible: certaines d'entre elles (Computplus Ltd., G2 Systems Ltd., Gamma 2000 Ltd., Gamma 2000 Waste Management Ltd., Gamma International (UK) Ltd.) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 liquid\u00e9s d\u00e9but f\u00e9vrier 2021 au moment de la r\u00e9daction de cet article[101]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'y a pas de retour en arri\u00e8re<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

14 avril 2007 : Plus d'un million de citoyens pacifiques protestent contre l'abolition de la libert\u00e9 et contre un r\u00e9gime qui a transform\u00e9 leur patrie en un enfer d'oppression, de violence et de mis\u00e8re. Une sc\u00e8ne d'humanit\u00e9 passionnante qui pourrait difficilement \u00eatre r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9e<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, cela ne change pas la substance des choses. Aujourd'hui, f\u00e9vrier 2021, le gouvernement et ses agences de renseignement dans au moins 40 pays \u00e0 travers le monde, dont la grande majorit\u00e9 est dirig\u00e9e par une dictature, ont entre les mains des logiciels qui vont non seulement au-del\u00e0 des sc\u00e9narios apocalyptiques d\u00e9crits par George Orwell, mais aussi du \"Br\u00e9sil<\/em>\" de Terry Gilliam : D\u00e9sormais, un r\u00e9gime n'a plus besoin de d\u00e9couvrir que quelqu'un pr\u00e9pare un complot pour les isoler, les torturer, les condamner et les exterminer. L'\u00c9tat peut cr\u00e9er des preuves d'un simple clic d'ordinateur, en utilisant un logiciel qui en un milli\u00e8me de seconde condamnera chacun de nous et impliquera chacun de nos proches dans notre destruction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 o\u00f9 l'ali\u00e9nation de l'individu du contexte commun a d\u00e9j\u00e0 atteint des proportions inqui\u00e9tantes, les logiciels d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s et vendus par une petite poign\u00e9e de criminels totalement inconnus du public ont permis \u00e0 l'humanit\u00e9 de s'engager sur un chemin de non-retour : celui o\u00f9 il n'y a plus rien de vrai et de v\u00e9rifiable dans lequel chacun de nous doit douter de qui est autour de nous, et m\u00eame (et plus encore) nous-m\u00eames.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La faiblesse et la superficialit\u00e9 avec lesquelles les gouvernements occidentaux (en particulier les \u00c9tats-Unis, l'Allemagne et le Royaume-Uni) ont permis \u00e0 ce logiciel d'\u00eatre distribu\u00e9 \u00e0 travers la plan\u00e8te pour des calculs purement \u00e9go\u00efstes sont impardonnables et le signe que 75 ans apr\u00e8s la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale , 30 ans apr\u00e8s la fin de la guerre froide, et la peur d'un conflit nucl\u00e9aire lorsque la nature se rebelle contre la mani\u00e8re insens\u00e9e dont nous la d\u00e9truisons, les gens ont franchi la limite ultime \u2013 ceux dans lesquels l'ennemi qui tue ne vient pas de l'ext\u00e9rieur, mais de l'int\u00e9rieur \u2013 et est inexorable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/65-in-yuzbinleri-6335051<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/6554851.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/laik-turkiye-icin-caglayan-a-6426626<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/3-miting-3-mesaj-6462629<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/izmir-rekor-bekliyor-6495436<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/turkey-used-german-spy-software-on-opposition-politicians-and-activists\/a-43787769<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/en\/content\/turkish-spy-networks-control-opponents<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-39416954<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.birgun.net\/haber\/iddia-pelikancilar-hakan-fidan-gitsin-diyor-283382<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trthaber.com\/haber\/gundem\/iletisim-baskanligi-berat-albayrakin-gorevden-af-talebi-kabul-edilmistir-529559.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/europe\/russia-accuses-president-erdogan-s-son-law-being-linked-isis-oil-trade-a6761436.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2016\/09\/turkey-redhackers-daunt-the-erdogan-family.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepressproject.gr\/exclusive-wikileaks-documents-relations-erdogan-isis-oil-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.duvarenglish.com\/sport\/2020\/02\/10\/politics-in-stadiums-fenerbahce-fans-urge-minister-albayrak-to-keep-hands-off-football<\/a> ; https:\/\/odatv4.com\/fenerbahceliler-damata-karsi-ayaga-kalkti-02022031.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Intelligence Online, \u201cHakan Fidan close to ministerial promotion<\/em>\u201d, see in 2020.11.18 Hakan Fidan Minister<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-launches-project-to-train-1-million-software-developers-154081<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> 2017.04.13 T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mill%C3%AE_%C4%B0stihbarat_Te%C5%9Fkil%C3%A2t%C4%B1#Leitung<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> Hakan Fidan on Nexis, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/t24.com.tr\/haber\/adanada-3-tir-durduruldu-arama-yapiliyor,248707<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> 1000 colpi di mortaio, 1000 colpi di artiglieria, 50\u2019000 fucili d'assalto e 30\u2019000 munizioni per mitragliatrice \u2013 see in https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529223636\/http:\/\/www.aktifhaber.com\/devlet-sirri-denilen-mit-tirlari-ile-ilgili-tapeler-1053377h.htm#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.haber7.com\/guncel\/haber\/1121773-mit-tirlari-neden-durduruldu ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aljazeera.com.tr\/haber\/mit-tirlari-boyle-durduruldu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/bianet.org\/bianet\/insan-haklari\/155519-tir-lari-durdurmakla-suclanan-13-askere-muebbet-istendi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milliyet.com.tr\/gundem\/mit-tirlari-olayinda-yeni-gelisme-5-savci-gorevden-uzaklastirildi-1999064<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/erdogandan-canli-yayinda-can-dundara-tehdit-288885<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.faz.net\/aktuell\/politik\/ausland\/europa\/tuerkei\/tuerkei-kampf-gegen-die-soldaten-des-lichts-12715816.html?printPagedArticle=true#pageIndex_3<\/a> ; https:\/\/taz.de\/Wie-Guelen-zum-Staatsfeind-Nr-1-wurde\/!5323191\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2021\/02\/03\/son-dakika-istihbarattaki-fetocu-generalden-bomba-itiraflar-tegmen-rutbemi-fetullah-gulen-takti<\/a> ; https:\/\/tr.sputniknews.com\/turkiye\/202001211041211454-sozcu-ilker-basbugu-cezaevine-attiran-feto-mektubunu-acikliyoruz\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.genios.de\/presse-archiv\/artikel\/FAZ\/20171111\/jagd-auf-die-guelenisten\/FR1201711115279571.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nadir.org\/nadir\/initiativ\/isku\/hintergrund\/geheimdienste\/geheim994.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/tuerkischer-geheimdienst-liess-erdogan-gegner-in-deutschland-ausspionieren\/12027820.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article157778863\/Erdogans-Agenten-bedrohen-Tuerken-in-Deutschland.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html ;  https:\/\/www.derstandard.at\/story\/1397522175727\/geheimdienst-staat-tuerkei<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2020\/09\/turkey-austria-spy-nehammer-kurdish-clashes-protests-vienna.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/austria-turkey-espionage-int-idUSKBN25S4R5<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/10\/13\/world\/europe\/turkey-austria-erdogan-assassin.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/global-europe\/news\/flemish-minister-turkish-sponosred-mosque-is-nest-of-spies\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/07\/06\/influenced-by-gulenists-belgium-targets-turkish-mosques-fighting-extremism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/erdogan-critics-listed-by-turkish-embassy-in-prague-were-included-in-bogus-terrorism-probe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turk-greek-ties-strained-by-arson-row-10324<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-greece-germany-spying\/greek-police-arrest-german-on-suspicion-of-spying-idUSBRE97208820130803<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kathimerini.gr\/society\/896001\/istories-me-kataskopoys-sto-aigaio\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.larissanet.gr\/2019\/06\/21\/dikazetai-sti-rodo-kataskopos-tis-tourkias\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/ahvalnews.com\/mit\/turkish-intelligence-recruits-eu-retirees-spy-greece<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/04\/turkish-intelligence-operations-targeting-critics-in-greece-exposed-in-secret-documents\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/intelnews.org\/2016\/12\/09\/01-2023\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/more-secret-documents-confirming-vast-turkish-espionage-activities-in-greece-uncovered\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.skai.gr\/news\/greece\/dyo-syllipseis-ellinon-gia-kataskopeia-sti-rodo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-kosovo-security-turkey-idUSKBN1H70CC<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/opinion\/murat-yetkin\/turkish-intelligence-unveils-secret-codes-used-before-coup-attempt-103843<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2018\/09\/turkish-teachers-detained-moldova-gulen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/balkaninsight.com\/2018\/09\/06\/six-turkish-professors-detained-by-moldovan-secret-services-09-06-2018\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/turkeypurge.com\/turkey-spying-imams-active-also-in-norway<\/a> ; https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/turkeys-autocratic-president-erdogans-spying-profiling-expands-in-norway\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/kafila.org\/www-matthewaid-com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/report-sweden-launches-espionage-probe-into-turkish-govt-representatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/politics\/undiplomatic_swiss-eye-alleged-turkish-kidnapping-attempt\/43973170 ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/swiss-foreign-minister-warns-turkey-against-illegal-spying-111199 ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/eu-affairs\/2017\/05\/01\/as-anti-turkish-politics-grip-europe-turkish-swiss-policeman-arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-brings-key-feto-suspect-from-ukraine-to-turkey-134608<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.meforum.org\/60976\/turkish-spy-agency-mit-intelligence-gathering-australia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-court\/egypt-detains-29-people-on-suspicion-of-espionage-for-turkey-idUSKBN1DM1AN<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/33764\/In-Pictures-Egypt-foils-Turkish-espionage-attempt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-agency-brings-three-feto-members-from-gabon-to-turkey-130050<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/turkey\/turkish-intelligence-agency-rescues-a-kidnapped-italian-citizen-in-kenya-36192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20190807-libyan-national-army-turkish-intelligence-is-operating-in-tripoli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/11\/27\/senior-feto-figure-captured-by-turkish-intelligence-in-sudan\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

L'une des t\u00e2ches du MIT est de combattre la secte Hizmet et son pr\u00e9dicateur Fethullah G\u00fclen (en tapant sur les t\u00e9l\u00e9phones et Internet, en traquant, en enlevant, en torturant, en assassinant[22]<\/sup><\/a>) en Turquie et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Cependant, la t\u00e2che principale du MIT est de combattre les opposants \u00e0 l'ext\u00e9rieur du pays. Environ 500 responsables du MIT et plus de 6000 informateurs sont actifs en Allemagne \u2013 une structure encore plus grande et plus puissante que STASI \u00e0 l'\u00e9poque de la RDA[24]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 dont le but n'est pas seulement d'observer et de signaler les citoyens turcs qui ont \u00e9migr\u00e9 en Europe, mais aussi d'intervenir physiquement[25]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'un des objectifs du MIT est d'intercepter les communications pour cr\u00e9er des preuves fictives contre les critiques du r\u00e9gime d'Ankara et pour justifier leur enl\u00e8vement et leur torture[26]<\/sup><\/a>. Une strat\u00e9gie que le MIT poursuit \u00e9galement dans plusieurs autres pays du monde \u2013 par exemple en Autriche[27]<\/sup><\/a>, Belgique[28]<\/sup><\/a>, R\u00e9publique tch\u00e8que[29]<\/sup><\/a>, France[30]<\/sup><\/a>, Gr\u00e8ce[31]<\/sup><\/a>, Kosovo[32]<\/sup><\/a>, Lituanie[33]<\/sup><\/a>, Moldavie[34]<\/sup><\/a>, Norv\u00e8ge[35]<\/sup><\/a>, Serbie[36]<\/sup><\/a>, Su\u00e8de[37]<\/sup><\/a>, Suisse[38]<\/sup><\/a>, Ukraine[39]<\/sup><\/a>, Royaume-Uni[40]<\/sup><\/a> , Australie[41]<\/sup><\/a>, \u00c9gypte[42]<\/sup><\/a>, Gabon[43]<\/sup><\/a>, Kenya[44]<\/sup><\/a>, Libye[45]<\/sup><\/a>, Soudan[46]<\/sup><\/a>, \u00c9tats-Unis[47]<\/sup><\/a>, Arm\u00e9nie[48]<\/sup><\/a>, Azerba\u00efdjan[49]<\/sup><\/a>, G\u00e9orgie[50]<\/sup><\/a>, Irak[51]<\/sup><\/a>, Malaisie[52]<\/sup><\/a>, Mongolie[53]<\/sup><\/a>, Pakistan[54]<\/sup><\/a> et Syrie, o\u00f9 le gouvernement turc se bat avec sa propre arm\u00e9e et soutient l'EI[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Technologie allemande pour le tortionnaire d'Erdo\u011fan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Comment fonctionne l'application FishSpy de FinFisher GmbH \u00e0 Munich \u2013 le c\u0153ur battant du syst\u00e8me d'espionnage turc du MIT<\/sub><\/strong>[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le syst\u00e8me complexe de contr\u00f4le, de piratage, d'interception et de falsification n\u00e9cessaire pour surveiller des millions de personnes n'est pas un jouet. Des ONG de toute l'Europe recherchent qui a d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 une telle technologie et l'a trouv\u00e9e en Allemagne \u2013 elle s'appelle FinSpy et est produite par trois soci\u00e9t\u00e9s du groupe Gamma International : FinFisher GmbH Munich, FinFisher Labs GmbH Munich et Elaman GmbH Munich. Quatre organisations ont pu le prouver \u00e0 la justice allemande[57]<\/sup><\/a> : Reporters sans fronti\u00e8res de Berlin (actif dans toute l'Europe, principalement pr\u00e9occup\u00e9 par la libert\u00e9 de la presse[58]<\/sup><\/a>), GFF Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Freiheitsrechte de Berlin (tr\u00e8s active dans la surveillance des activit\u00e9s ill\u00e9gales du BND et d'autres services secrets allemands[59]<\/sup><\/a>), Netzpolitik.org \u00e0 Berlin (un journal en ligne[60]<\/sup><\/a>) et le Centre europ\u00e9en pour la Constitution et les droits de l'homme \u00e0 Berlin[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le parquet de Munich lance une enqu\u00eate p\u00e9nale sur la base des preuves pr\u00e9sent\u00e9es par ces ONG : les entreprises bavaroises susmentionn\u00e9es ont viol\u00e9 la loi sur le commerce ext\u00e9rieur[62]<\/sup><\/a> sur au moins six points et ont non seulement vendu FinSpy \u00e0 la Turquie, mais aussi aux gouvernements de nombreux autres pays, y compris Bahre\u00efn, l'\u00c9gypte, l'\u00c9thiopie, la Libye, le Kazakhstan, l'Arabie saoudite et le Venezuela[63]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 tous des pays qui soul\u00e8vent de graves pr\u00e9occupations quant \u00e0 la nature d\u00e9mocratique du syst\u00e8me politique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enqu\u00eate a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que ces trois soci\u00e9t\u00e9s n'en \u00e9taient qu'\u00e0 l'origine une, Gamma International UK Ltd. Winchester, contre qui une enqu\u00eate ouverte en 2013 par les autorit\u00e9s judiciaires britanniques[64]<\/sup><\/a> a \u00e9t\u00e9 bloqu\u00e9e, qui aurait mis l'entreprise sur la liste noire de l'OCDE[65]<\/sup><\/a> fin 2016 \u2013 une mesure qui interdit \u00e0 quiconque dans le monde de faire affaire avec ce groupe industriel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enqu\u00eate britannique s'est limit\u00e9e \u00e0 l'analyse de la vente de FinSpy \u00e0 Bahre\u00efn, tandis que l'enqu\u00eate allemande, accompagn\u00e9e d'un grand nombre de t\u00e9moignages de victimes de la terreur du r\u00e9gime d'Erdo\u011fan en Turquie et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, va beaucoup plus loin et constate que FinSpy a \u00e9t\u00e9 vendu ill\u00e9galement dans 36 pays[66]<\/sup><\/a>, il y a d'\u00e9normes centres de stockage de donn\u00e9es dans 11 pays[67]<\/sup><\/a>, de sorte qu'on soup\u00e7onne maintenant qu'il y a beaucoup d'autres crimes cach\u00e9s derri\u00e8re les faits connus[68]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est pourquoi le parquet de Munich a ordonn\u00e9 une perquisition des locaux de la capitale bavaroise, mais aussi de la branche roumaine du groupe Gamma International[69]<\/sup><\/a>, en octobre 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il est presque impossible de se d\u00e9fendre contre FinSpy : le malware s'installe avec de fausses mises \u00e0 jour d\u00e9guis\u00e9es en officielles, via des e-mails avec de fausses pi\u00e8ces jointes ou \u00e0 travers des failles de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans le logiciel \u2013 comme Avira[70]<\/sup><\/a> ou iTunes d'Apple \u2013 et ensuite via les fausses plates-formes du principaux moteurs de recherche, installations Mac et Linux[71]<\/sup><\/a>, programmes de messagerie \u00e9lectronique, r\u00e9seaux sociaux, sites Web pour les achats en ligne[72]<\/sup><\/a>. L\u00e0 o\u00f9 le malware de Gamma International ne parvient pas, celui de l'\u00e9quipe de piratage de David Vincenzetti[73]<\/sup><\/a> est l\u00e0[74]<\/sup><\/a>. Mais cette soci\u00e9t\u00e9 n'est plus l\u00e0, Gamma l'a surpass\u00e9e, ses fondateurs sont r\u00e9partis dans de nombreuses petites entreprises[75]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re les poup\u00e9es Matriochka?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

En 2015, le Citizen Lab Institute de Toronto avait identifi\u00e9 35 pays qui utilisaient ill\u00e9galement les applications du groupe Gamma \/ FinFisher<\/sub><\/strong>[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enqu\u00eate du parquet de Munich laisse un go\u00fbt un peu amer dans la bouche: comment est-il possible qu'une plainte de quatre ONG ait \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9cessaire pour enqu\u00eate ? Il est logique que le soup\u00e7on d'hypocrisie surgisse, surtout en sachant que les services secrets allemands (BND) avaient d\u00e9cern\u00e9 \u00e0 Stephan Oelkers de Gamma International les Big Brother Awards en 2012, car Gamma \u00e9tait \u00ab la meilleure entreprise au monde intrusion de syst\u00e8mes informatiques et installation de logiciels de surveillance<\/em> (...) Gamma propose ses services sur son site Internet \u2013 bien que le d\u00e9veloppement et la distribution de ce type de logiciel espion soient interdits par le droit p\u00e9nal allemand (Par. 282c StGB). Cependant, cela ne s'applique qu'aux clients priv\u00e9s, pas aux ventes aux autorit\u00e9s nationales ou \u00e0 la police secr\u00e8te d'une dictature \u00e9trang\u00e8re. C'est la raison pour laquelle le parquet de Munich a refus\u00e9 d'engager une proc\u00e9dure p\u00e9nale contre Gamma<\/em> \u00bb[77]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref : tout le monde savait tout, mais il y a huit ans, le procureur de Munich pensait que c'\u00e9tait une bagatelle tant que cette technologie monstrueuse \u00e9tait utilis\u00e9e par les dictatures pour opprimer leur propre peuple.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour \u00eatre pr\u00e9cis, nous en savons beaucoup sur les activit\u00e9s ill\u00e9gales de ce groupe depuis 1973 (lorsque les ordinateurs \u00e9taient des jouets et que l'espionnage consistait \u00e0 infiltrer des hommes louches dans des salles secr\u00e8tes \u00e0 l'aide d'un appareil microfilmant des documents interdits) de personnes dispers\u00e9es dans la campagne anglaise, dans le port de Hambourg, dans la capitale bavaroise ou dans les bidonvilles du Cap Town. L'histoire commence par un c\u00e2ble que l'ambassade am\u00e9ricaine \u00e0 Bonn a envoy\u00e9 aux autorit\u00e9s f\u00e9d\u00e9rales \u2013 un message signalant les activit\u00e9s suspectes d'un d\u00e9taillant d'\u00e9lectronique n\u00e9erlandais bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Hambourg, Peter Kluever[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La CIA d\u00e9cide d'investir dans cet homme, tout comme l'arm\u00e9e allemande. En 1981, ses deux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s PK Electronics et PKI Electronic Intelligence GmbH avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 des contrats avec le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. En 1983, le prince h\u00e9ritier d'Arabie saoudite, Abdullah Ibn Nasir IBn Abd al-Asis Al Sa'ud, visite Hambourg et les g\u00e9n\u00e9raux allemands lui montrent les effets de l'utilisation de la technologie Kluever sur l'efficacit\u00e9 et la cadence de tir des chars L\u00e9opard \u2013 qui le gouvernement de Moved Riyadh pour acqu\u00e9rir cette technologie[79]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 1987, Oelkers s'est envol\u00e9 pour P\u00e9kin pour une d\u00e9monstration de ses nouvelles puces et a ravi les g\u00e9n\u00e9raux chinois qui sont devenus une partie de sa client\u00e8le[80]<\/sup><\/a>. Dans le cadre des accords sign\u00e9s avec les \u00c9tats-Unis, \u00e0 partir de 1985, Kluever a vendu une technologie d'espionnage am\u00e9ricaine tr\u00e8s moderne (d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e par l'Ocean Applied Research Corporation \u00e0 San Diego[81]<\/sup><\/a> et distribu\u00e9e par le groupe CompuDyne Corporation en Pennsylvanie[82]<\/sup><\/a>) \u00e0 Muhammar Ghaddafi en Libye, \u00e0 Hafiz Al -Assad en Syrie, \u00e0 Haji Mohammad Suharto en Indon\u00e9sie \u2013 les trois pr\u00e9sidents l'utilisent pour intercepter les appels t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques et les \u00e9missions radio des opposants, des arm\u00e9es \u00e9trang\u00e8res et des groupes rebelles[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En vieillissant, Kluever vendra son entreprise (le PK Electronics Group \u00e0 Hambourg) \u00e0 deux ing\u00e9nieurs, l'Allemand Stephan Oelkers et l'Anglais William Louthean Nelson. Ce dernier avait commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 diriger le bureau de P\u00e9kin en 1985 et avait cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre soci\u00e9t\u00e9, Personal Protection Products Ltd. Hong Kong[84]<\/sup><\/a>, en 1992, qui jusqu'en 1994, via sa filiale de Hull[85]<\/sup><\/a>, vendait des dispositifs d'\u00e9coute utilis\u00e9s par les services secrets britanniques pour combattre l'IRA en Ulster[86]<\/sup><\/a>. Lorsque Kluever prendra sa retraite, PK Electronics sera transmis \u00e0 William Nelson et \u00e0 son fils Louthean John Alexander Nelson, les fondateurs du groupe Gamma International[87]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le sch\u00e9ma des participations du Groupe Gamma International ainsi que des personnes et soci\u00e9t\u00e9s associ\u00e9es \u2013 \u00a9 IBI World Ltd. London<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une nouvelle \u00e8re commence dans laquelle les anciennes \u00e9coutes t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques seront bient\u00f4t surmont\u00e9es et oubli\u00e9es. Le jeune Louthean commence \u00e0 travailler avec Niels J\u00f8rgen Tobiasen et ses deux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s : The CBRN Team Ltd. Londres[88]<\/sup><\/a> et The Phoenix Hazard Training Ltd. Darlington[89]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est une op\u00e9ration industrielle qui est n\u00e9e d'un contrat de fourniture d'armes chimiques, biologiques, radiologiques et nucl\u00e9aires \u00e0 l'Ouganda[90]<\/sup><\/a> qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9goci\u00e9 avec un membre du gouvernement, Ananias Tumukunde, qui avait accept\u00e9 un pot-de-vin de 40000 \u00a3[91]<\/sup><\/a>. Une op\u00e9ration qui s'est termin\u00e9e par l'arrestation de Tumukunde \u00e0 Kampala et de Tobiasen \u00e0 Londres en juillet 2007[92]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au cours de ces ann\u00e9es, Louthean Nelson a \u00e9galement tent\u00e9 de faciliter une collaboration avec l'\u00e9quipe de piratage de David Vincenzetti : avec l'un des meilleurs hackers du groupe milanais, Alberto Pelliccione, Nelson a essay\u00e9 apr\u00e8s un certain temps de trouver un syst\u00e8me pour pirater les appareils Nokia \u2013 mais Pelliccione change d\u2019avis quand il d\u00e9couvre que Nelson a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 livrer des armes aux pays touch\u00e9s par les sanctions internationales par l'interm\u00e9diaire d'une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qui a maintenant \u00e9t\u00e9 liquid\u00e9e, Cyan Engineering Services SAL Beirut[93]<\/sup><\/a>. Quelque chose avec lequel Pelliccione ne veut rien avoir \u00e0 voir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'entreprise suivante est peut-\u00eatre encore plus \u00e9tonnante : Nelson fonde Elaman et d\u00e9localise certaines activit\u00e9s en Suisse[94]<\/sup><\/a> parce qu'il fait de nouveau affaire avec l'ancien partenaire de son p\u00e8re, Stephan Oelkers. Oelkers a convaincu Nelson de d\u00e9placer son centre d'op\u00e9rations de Hambourg \u00e0 Munich et d'accepter un nouveau partenaire, Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt. Cela devrait travailler avec les services secrets autrichiens[95]<\/sup><\/a> et tenter de reprendre la station de Bad Aibling \u00e0 la NSA (American Military Intelligence)[96]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est une tentation imposante et extr\u00eamement symbolique : la station d'interception de Bad Aibling est n\u00e9e en 1936 comme a\u00e9roport militaire et centre radar de la Luftwaffe, et \u00e0 la fin de la guerre, l'arm\u00e9e am\u00e9ricaine l'a convertie en camp de transit pour les prisonniers de guerre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s et victimes des camps de concentration nationaux-socialistes. Un camp de concentration tr\u00e8s c\u00e9l\u00e8bre que les \u00e9crivains G\u00fcnther Grass et Joseph Ratzinger (le futur pape Beno\u00eet XVI)[97]<\/sup><\/a> ont travers\u00e9. De 1952 jusqu'\u00e0 la fermeture, demand\u00e9e par l'Union europ\u00e9enne en 2001 et r\u00e9alis\u00e9e en 2004 (officiellement, puisque l'installation \u00e9tait toujours en activit\u00e9 en 2013[98]<\/sup><\/a>), la NSA de Bad Aibling a assembl\u00e9 ses syst\u00e8mes Echelon[99]<\/sup><\/a> pour intercepter les communications t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques du plan\u00e8te enti\u00e8re[100]<\/sup><\/a>. La prise de contr\u00f4le de la station NSA aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 la cons\u00e9cration de Nelson et de ses employ\u00e9s \u00e0 une entreprise d'importance mondiale et au pouvoir presque illimit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les n\u00e9gociations n'\u00e9taient pas termin\u00e9es lorsque FinFisher a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 vendre son FinSpy \u00e0 la Turquie et le monde entier a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 voir le danger. Apr\u00e8s les recherches \u00e0 Munich, en Suisse et en Roumanie, Nelson a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 liquider toutes les entreprises le plus rapidement possible: certaines d'entre elles (Computplus Ltd., G2 Systems Ltd., Gamma 2000 Ltd., Gamma 2000 Waste Management Ltd., Gamma International (UK) Ltd.) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 liquid\u00e9s d\u00e9but f\u00e9vrier 2021 au moment de la r\u00e9daction de cet article[101]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'y a pas de retour en arri\u00e8re<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

14 avril 2007 : Plus d'un million de citoyens pacifiques protestent contre l'abolition de la libert\u00e9 et contre un r\u00e9gime qui a transform\u00e9 leur patrie en un enfer d'oppression, de violence et de mis\u00e8re. Une sc\u00e8ne d'humanit\u00e9 passionnante qui pourrait difficilement \u00eatre r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9e<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, cela ne change pas la substance des choses. Aujourd'hui, f\u00e9vrier 2021, le gouvernement et ses agences de renseignement dans au moins 40 pays \u00e0 travers le monde, dont la grande majorit\u00e9 est dirig\u00e9e par une dictature, ont entre les mains des logiciels qui vont non seulement au-del\u00e0 des sc\u00e9narios apocalyptiques d\u00e9crits par George Orwell, mais aussi du \"Br\u00e9sil<\/em>\" de Terry Gilliam : D\u00e9sormais, un r\u00e9gime n'a plus besoin de d\u00e9couvrir que quelqu'un pr\u00e9pare un complot pour les isoler, les torturer, les condamner et les exterminer. L'\u00c9tat peut cr\u00e9er des preuves d'un simple clic d'ordinateur, en utilisant un logiciel qui en un milli\u00e8me de seconde condamnera chacun de nous et impliquera chacun de nos proches dans notre destruction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 o\u00f9 l'ali\u00e9nation de l'individu du contexte commun a d\u00e9j\u00e0 atteint des proportions inqui\u00e9tantes, les logiciels d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s et vendus par une petite poign\u00e9e de criminels totalement inconnus du public ont permis \u00e0 l'humanit\u00e9 de s'engager sur un chemin de non-retour : celui o\u00f9 il n'y a plus rien de vrai et de v\u00e9rifiable dans lequel chacun de nous doit douter de qui est autour de nous, et m\u00eame (et plus encore) nous-m\u00eames.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La faiblesse et la superficialit\u00e9 avec lesquelles les gouvernements occidentaux (en particulier les \u00c9tats-Unis, l'Allemagne et le Royaume-Uni) ont permis \u00e0 ce logiciel d'\u00eatre distribu\u00e9 \u00e0 travers la plan\u00e8te pour des calculs purement \u00e9go\u00efstes sont impardonnables et le signe que 75 ans apr\u00e8s la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale , 30 ans apr\u00e8s la fin de la guerre froide, et la peur d'un conflit nucl\u00e9aire lorsque la nature se rebelle contre la mani\u00e8re insens\u00e9e dont nous la d\u00e9truisons, les gens ont franchi la limite ultime \u2013 ceux dans lesquels l'ennemi qui tue ne vient pas de l'ext\u00e9rieur, mais de l'int\u00e9rieur \u2013 et est inexorable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


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[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/65-in-yuzbinleri-6335051<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/6554851.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/laik-turkiye-icin-caglayan-a-6426626<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/3-miting-3-mesaj-6462629<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/izmir-rekor-bekliyor-6495436<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/turkey-used-german-spy-software-on-opposition-politicians-and-activists\/a-43787769<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/en\/content\/turkish-spy-networks-control-opponents<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-39416954<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.birgun.net\/haber\/iddia-pelikancilar-hakan-fidan-gitsin-diyor-283382<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trthaber.com\/haber\/gundem\/iletisim-baskanligi-berat-albayrakin-gorevden-af-talebi-kabul-edilmistir-529559.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/europe\/russia-accuses-president-erdogan-s-son-law-being-linked-isis-oil-trade-a6761436.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2016\/09\/turkey-redhackers-daunt-the-erdogan-family.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepressproject.gr\/exclusive-wikileaks-documents-relations-erdogan-isis-oil-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.duvarenglish.com\/sport\/2020\/02\/10\/politics-in-stadiums-fenerbahce-fans-urge-minister-albayrak-to-keep-hands-off-football<\/a> ; https:\/\/odatv4.com\/fenerbahceliler-damata-karsi-ayaga-kalkti-02022031.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Intelligence Online, \u201cHakan Fidan close to ministerial promotion<\/em>\u201d, see in 2020.11.18 Hakan Fidan Minister<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-launches-project-to-train-1-million-software-developers-154081<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> 2017.04.13 T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mill%C3%AE_%C4%B0stihbarat_Te%C5%9Fkil%C3%A2t%C4%B1#Leitung<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> Hakan Fidan on Nexis, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/t24.com.tr\/haber\/adanada-3-tir-durduruldu-arama-yapiliyor,248707<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> 1000 colpi di mortaio, 1000 colpi di artiglieria, 50\u2019000 fucili d'assalto e 30\u2019000 munizioni per mitragliatrice \u2013 see in https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529223636\/http:\/\/www.aktifhaber.com\/devlet-sirri-denilen-mit-tirlari-ile-ilgili-tapeler-1053377h.htm#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.haber7.com\/guncel\/haber\/1121773-mit-tirlari-neden-durduruldu ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aljazeera.com.tr\/haber\/mit-tirlari-boyle-durduruldu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/bianet.org\/bianet\/insan-haklari\/155519-tir-lari-durdurmakla-suclanan-13-askere-muebbet-istendi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milliyet.com.tr\/gundem\/mit-tirlari-olayinda-yeni-gelisme-5-savci-gorevden-uzaklastirildi-1999064<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/erdogandan-canli-yayinda-can-dundara-tehdit-288885<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.faz.net\/aktuell\/politik\/ausland\/europa\/tuerkei\/tuerkei-kampf-gegen-die-soldaten-des-lichts-12715816.html?printPagedArticle=true#pageIndex_3<\/a> ; https:\/\/taz.de\/Wie-Guelen-zum-Staatsfeind-Nr-1-wurde\/!5323191\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2021\/02\/03\/son-dakika-istihbarattaki-fetocu-generalden-bomba-itiraflar-tegmen-rutbemi-fetullah-gulen-takti<\/a> ; https:\/\/tr.sputniknews.com\/turkiye\/202001211041211454-sozcu-ilker-basbugu-cezaevine-attiran-feto-mektubunu-acikliyoruz\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.genios.de\/presse-archiv\/artikel\/FAZ\/20171111\/jagd-auf-die-guelenisten\/FR1201711115279571.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nadir.org\/nadir\/initiativ\/isku\/hintergrund\/geheimdienste\/geheim994.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/tuerkischer-geheimdienst-liess-erdogan-gegner-in-deutschland-ausspionieren\/12027820.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article157778863\/Erdogans-Agenten-bedrohen-Tuerken-in-Deutschland.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html ;  https:\/\/www.derstandard.at\/story\/1397522175727\/geheimdienst-staat-tuerkei<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2020\/09\/turkey-austria-spy-nehammer-kurdish-clashes-protests-vienna.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/austria-turkey-espionage-int-idUSKBN25S4R5<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/10\/13\/world\/europe\/turkey-austria-erdogan-assassin.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/global-europe\/news\/flemish-minister-turkish-sponosred-mosque-is-nest-of-spies\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/07\/06\/influenced-by-gulenists-belgium-targets-turkish-mosques-fighting-extremism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/erdogan-critics-listed-by-turkish-embassy-in-prague-were-included-in-bogus-terrorism-probe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turk-greek-ties-strained-by-arson-row-10324<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-greece-germany-spying\/greek-police-arrest-german-on-suspicion-of-spying-idUSBRE97208820130803<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kathimerini.gr\/society\/896001\/istories-me-kataskopoys-sto-aigaio\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.larissanet.gr\/2019\/06\/21\/dikazetai-sti-rodo-kataskopos-tis-tourkias\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/ahvalnews.com\/mit\/turkish-intelligence-recruits-eu-retirees-spy-greece<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/04\/turkish-intelligence-operations-targeting-critics-in-greece-exposed-in-secret-documents\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/intelnews.org\/2016\/12\/09\/01-2023\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/more-secret-documents-confirming-vast-turkish-espionage-activities-in-greece-uncovered\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.skai.gr\/news\/greece\/dyo-syllipseis-ellinon-gia-kataskopeia-sti-rodo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-kosovo-security-turkey-idUSKBN1H70CC<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/opinion\/murat-yetkin\/turkish-intelligence-unveils-secret-codes-used-before-coup-attempt-103843<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2018\/09\/turkish-teachers-detained-moldova-gulen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/balkaninsight.com\/2018\/09\/06\/six-turkish-professors-detained-by-moldovan-secret-services-09-06-2018\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/turkeypurge.com\/turkey-spying-imams-active-also-in-norway<\/a> ; https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/turkeys-autocratic-president-erdogans-spying-profiling-expands-in-norway\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/kafila.org\/www-matthewaid-com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/report-sweden-launches-espionage-probe-into-turkish-govt-representatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/politics\/undiplomatic_swiss-eye-alleged-turkish-kidnapping-attempt\/43973170 ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/swiss-foreign-minister-warns-turkey-against-illegal-spying-111199 ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/eu-affairs\/2017\/05\/01\/as-anti-turkish-politics-grip-europe-turkish-swiss-policeman-arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-brings-key-feto-suspect-from-ukraine-to-turkey-134608<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.meforum.org\/60976\/turkish-spy-agency-mit-intelligence-gathering-australia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-court\/egypt-detains-29-people-on-suspicion-of-espionage-for-turkey-idUSKBN1DM1AN<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/33764\/In-Pictures-Egypt-foils-Turkish-espionage-attempt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-agency-brings-three-feto-members-from-gabon-to-turkey-130050<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/turkey\/turkish-intelligence-agency-rescues-a-kidnapped-italian-citizen-in-kenya-36192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20190807-libyan-national-army-turkish-intelligence-is-operating-in-tripoli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/11\/27\/senior-feto-figure-captured-by-turkish-intelligence-in-sudan\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Le 19 janvier 2014, la gendarmerie turque a bloqu\u00e9 deux camions \u00e0 destination de la Syrie qui \u00e9taient pleins d'armes[15]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 des armes destin\u00e9es \u00e0 aider l'arm\u00e9e du califat (EI)[16]<\/sup><\/a> transport\u00e9es par des agents du MIT[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Erdo\u011fan a d'abord affirm\u00e9 qu'il s'agissait d'une aide humanitaire[18]<\/sup><\/a>, mais certains journalistes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 filmer le camion et le mensonge a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9couvert. R\u00e9sultat : les 13 gendarmes qui ont arr\u00eat\u00e9 les camions ont \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 de longues peines de prison[19]<\/sup><\/a> ; Les juges d'instruction ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9mis de leurs fonctions et inculp\u00e9s[20]<\/sup><\/a> ; les journalistes impliqu\u00e9s dans l'enregistrement ou la publication des informations ont \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq ans de prison[21]<\/sup><\/a>. La police a re\u00e7u de nouveaux ordres : n'emp\u00eachez jamais les v\u00e9hicules du MIT d'aller \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'une des t\u00e2ches du MIT est de combattre la secte Hizmet et son pr\u00e9dicateur Fethullah G\u00fclen (en tapant sur les t\u00e9l\u00e9phones et Internet, en traquant, en enlevant, en torturant, en assassinant[22]<\/sup><\/a>) en Turquie et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Cependant, la t\u00e2che principale du MIT est de combattre les opposants \u00e0 l'ext\u00e9rieur du pays. Environ 500 responsables du MIT et plus de 6000 informateurs sont actifs en Allemagne \u2013 une structure encore plus grande et plus puissante que STASI \u00e0 l'\u00e9poque de la RDA[24]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 dont le but n'est pas seulement d'observer et de signaler les citoyens turcs qui ont \u00e9migr\u00e9 en Europe, mais aussi d'intervenir physiquement[25]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'un des objectifs du MIT est d'intercepter les communications pour cr\u00e9er des preuves fictives contre les critiques du r\u00e9gime d'Ankara et pour justifier leur enl\u00e8vement et leur torture[26]<\/sup><\/a>. Une strat\u00e9gie que le MIT poursuit \u00e9galement dans plusieurs autres pays du monde \u2013 par exemple en Autriche[27]<\/sup><\/a>, Belgique[28]<\/sup><\/a>, R\u00e9publique tch\u00e8que[29]<\/sup><\/a>, France[30]<\/sup><\/a>, Gr\u00e8ce[31]<\/sup><\/a>, Kosovo[32]<\/sup><\/a>, Lituanie[33]<\/sup><\/a>, Moldavie[34]<\/sup><\/a>, Norv\u00e8ge[35]<\/sup><\/a>, Serbie[36]<\/sup><\/a>, Su\u00e8de[37]<\/sup><\/a>, Suisse[38]<\/sup><\/a>, Ukraine[39]<\/sup><\/a>, Royaume-Uni[40]<\/sup><\/a> , Australie[41]<\/sup><\/a>, \u00c9gypte[42]<\/sup><\/a>, Gabon[43]<\/sup><\/a>, Kenya[44]<\/sup><\/a>, Libye[45]<\/sup><\/a>, Soudan[46]<\/sup><\/a>, \u00c9tats-Unis[47]<\/sup><\/a>, Arm\u00e9nie[48]<\/sup><\/a>, Azerba\u00efdjan[49]<\/sup><\/a>, G\u00e9orgie[50]<\/sup><\/a>, Irak[51]<\/sup><\/a>, Malaisie[52]<\/sup><\/a>, Mongolie[53]<\/sup><\/a>, Pakistan[54]<\/sup><\/a> et Syrie, o\u00f9 le gouvernement turc se bat avec sa propre arm\u00e9e et soutient l'EI[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Technologie allemande pour le tortionnaire d'Erdo\u011fan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Comment fonctionne l'application FishSpy de FinFisher GmbH \u00e0 Munich \u2013 le c\u0153ur battant du syst\u00e8me d'espionnage turc du MIT<\/sub><\/strong>[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le syst\u00e8me complexe de contr\u00f4le, de piratage, d'interception et de falsification n\u00e9cessaire pour surveiller des millions de personnes n'est pas un jouet. Des ONG de toute l'Europe recherchent qui a d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 une telle technologie et l'a trouv\u00e9e en Allemagne \u2013 elle s'appelle FinSpy et est produite par trois soci\u00e9t\u00e9s du groupe Gamma International : FinFisher GmbH Munich, FinFisher Labs GmbH Munich et Elaman GmbH Munich. Quatre organisations ont pu le prouver \u00e0 la justice allemande[57]<\/sup><\/a> : Reporters sans fronti\u00e8res de Berlin (actif dans toute l'Europe, principalement pr\u00e9occup\u00e9 par la libert\u00e9 de la presse[58]<\/sup><\/a>), GFF Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Freiheitsrechte de Berlin (tr\u00e8s active dans la surveillance des activit\u00e9s ill\u00e9gales du BND et d'autres services secrets allemands[59]<\/sup><\/a>), Netzpolitik.org \u00e0 Berlin (un journal en ligne[60]<\/sup><\/a>) et le Centre europ\u00e9en pour la Constitution et les droits de l'homme \u00e0 Berlin[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le parquet de Munich lance une enqu\u00eate p\u00e9nale sur la base des preuves pr\u00e9sent\u00e9es par ces ONG : les entreprises bavaroises susmentionn\u00e9es ont viol\u00e9 la loi sur le commerce ext\u00e9rieur[62]<\/sup><\/a> sur au moins six points et ont non seulement vendu FinSpy \u00e0 la Turquie, mais aussi aux gouvernements de nombreux autres pays, y compris Bahre\u00efn, l'\u00c9gypte, l'\u00c9thiopie, la Libye, le Kazakhstan, l'Arabie saoudite et le Venezuela[63]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 tous des pays qui soul\u00e8vent de graves pr\u00e9occupations quant \u00e0 la nature d\u00e9mocratique du syst\u00e8me politique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enqu\u00eate a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que ces trois soci\u00e9t\u00e9s n'en \u00e9taient qu'\u00e0 l'origine une, Gamma International UK Ltd. Winchester, contre qui une enqu\u00eate ouverte en 2013 par les autorit\u00e9s judiciaires britanniques[64]<\/sup><\/a> a \u00e9t\u00e9 bloqu\u00e9e, qui aurait mis l'entreprise sur la liste noire de l'OCDE[65]<\/sup><\/a> fin 2016 \u2013 une mesure qui interdit \u00e0 quiconque dans le monde de faire affaire avec ce groupe industriel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enqu\u00eate britannique s'est limit\u00e9e \u00e0 l'analyse de la vente de FinSpy \u00e0 Bahre\u00efn, tandis que l'enqu\u00eate allemande, accompagn\u00e9e d'un grand nombre de t\u00e9moignages de victimes de la terreur du r\u00e9gime d'Erdo\u011fan en Turquie et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, va beaucoup plus loin et constate que FinSpy a \u00e9t\u00e9 vendu ill\u00e9galement dans 36 pays[66]<\/sup><\/a>, il y a d'\u00e9normes centres de stockage de donn\u00e9es dans 11 pays[67]<\/sup><\/a>, de sorte qu'on soup\u00e7onne maintenant qu'il y a beaucoup d'autres crimes cach\u00e9s derri\u00e8re les faits connus[68]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est pourquoi le parquet de Munich a ordonn\u00e9 une perquisition des locaux de la capitale bavaroise, mais aussi de la branche roumaine du groupe Gamma International[69]<\/sup><\/a>, en octobre 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il est presque impossible de se d\u00e9fendre contre FinSpy : le malware s'installe avec de fausses mises \u00e0 jour d\u00e9guis\u00e9es en officielles, via des e-mails avec de fausses pi\u00e8ces jointes ou \u00e0 travers des failles de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans le logiciel \u2013 comme Avira[70]<\/sup><\/a> ou iTunes d'Apple \u2013 et ensuite via les fausses plates-formes du principaux moteurs de recherche, installations Mac et Linux[71]<\/sup><\/a>, programmes de messagerie \u00e9lectronique, r\u00e9seaux sociaux, sites Web pour les achats en ligne[72]<\/sup><\/a>. L\u00e0 o\u00f9 le malware de Gamma International ne parvient pas, celui de l'\u00e9quipe de piratage de David Vincenzetti[73]<\/sup><\/a> est l\u00e0[74]<\/sup><\/a>. Mais cette soci\u00e9t\u00e9 n'est plus l\u00e0, Gamma l'a surpass\u00e9e, ses fondateurs sont r\u00e9partis dans de nombreuses petites entreprises[75]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re les poup\u00e9es Matriochka?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

En 2015, le Citizen Lab Institute de Toronto avait identifi\u00e9 35 pays qui utilisaient ill\u00e9galement les applications du groupe Gamma \/ FinFisher<\/sub><\/strong>[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enqu\u00eate du parquet de Munich laisse un go\u00fbt un peu amer dans la bouche: comment est-il possible qu'une plainte de quatre ONG ait \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9cessaire pour enqu\u00eate ? Il est logique que le soup\u00e7on d'hypocrisie surgisse, surtout en sachant que les services secrets allemands (BND) avaient d\u00e9cern\u00e9 \u00e0 Stephan Oelkers de Gamma International les Big Brother Awards en 2012, car Gamma \u00e9tait \u00ab la meilleure entreprise au monde intrusion de syst\u00e8mes informatiques et installation de logiciels de surveillance<\/em> (...) Gamma propose ses services sur son site Internet \u2013 bien que le d\u00e9veloppement et la distribution de ce type de logiciel espion soient interdits par le droit p\u00e9nal allemand (Par. 282c StGB). Cependant, cela ne s'applique qu'aux clients priv\u00e9s, pas aux ventes aux autorit\u00e9s nationales ou \u00e0 la police secr\u00e8te d'une dictature \u00e9trang\u00e8re. C'est la raison pour laquelle le parquet de Munich a refus\u00e9 d'engager une proc\u00e9dure p\u00e9nale contre Gamma<\/em> \u00bb[77]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref : tout le monde savait tout, mais il y a huit ans, le procureur de Munich pensait que c'\u00e9tait une bagatelle tant que cette technologie monstrueuse \u00e9tait utilis\u00e9e par les dictatures pour opprimer leur propre peuple.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour \u00eatre pr\u00e9cis, nous en savons beaucoup sur les activit\u00e9s ill\u00e9gales de ce groupe depuis 1973 (lorsque les ordinateurs \u00e9taient des jouets et que l'espionnage consistait \u00e0 infiltrer des hommes louches dans des salles secr\u00e8tes \u00e0 l'aide d'un appareil microfilmant des documents interdits) de personnes dispers\u00e9es dans la campagne anglaise, dans le port de Hambourg, dans la capitale bavaroise ou dans les bidonvilles du Cap Town. L'histoire commence par un c\u00e2ble que l'ambassade am\u00e9ricaine \u00e0 Bonn a envoy\u00e9 aux autorit\u00e9s f\u00e9d\u00e9rales \u2013 un message signalant les activit\u00e9s suspectes d'un d\u00e9taillant d'\u00e9lectronique n\u00e9erlandais bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Hambourg, Peter Kluever[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La CIA d\u00e9cide d'investir dans cet homme, tout comme l'arm\u00e9e allemande. En 1981, ses deux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s PK Electronics et PKI Electronic Intelligence GmbH avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 des contrats avec le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. En 1983, le prince h\u00e9ritier d'Arabie saoudite, Abdullah Ibn Nasir IBn Abd al-Asis Al Sa'ud, visite Hambourg et les g\u00e9n\u00e9raux allemands lui montrent les effets de l'utilisation de la technologie Kluever sur l'efficacit\u00e9 et la cadence de tir des chars L\u00e9opard \u2013 qui le gouvernement de Moved Riyadh pour acqu\u00e9rir cette technologie[79]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 1987, Oelkers s'est envol\u00e9 pour P\u00e9kin pour une d\u00e9monstration de ses nouvelles puces et a ravi les g\u00e9n\u00e9raux chinois qui sont devenus une partie de sa client\u00e8le[80]<\/sup><\/a>. Dans le cadre des accords sign\u00e9s avec les \u00c9tats-Unis, \u00e0 partir de 1985, Kluever a vendu une technologie d'espionnage am\u00e9ricaine tr\u00e8s moderne (d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e par l'Ocean Applied Research Corporation \u00e0 San Diego[81]<\/sup><\/a> et distribu\u00e9e par le groupe CompuDyne Corporation en Pennsylvanie[82]<\/sup><\/a>) \u00e0 Muhammar Ghaddafi en Libye, \u00e0 Hafiz Al -Assad en Syrie, \u00e0 Haji Mohammad Suharto en Indon\u00e9sie \u2013 les trois pr\u00e9sidents l'utilisent pour intercepter les appels t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques et les \u00e9missions radio des opposants, des arm\u00e9es \u00e9trang\u00e8res et des groupes rebelles[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En vieillissant, Kluever vendra son entreprise (le PK Electronics Group \u00e0 Hambourg) \u00e0 deux ing\u00e9nieurs, l'Allemand Stephan Oelkers et l'Anglais William Louthean Nelson. Ce dernier avait commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 diriger le bureau de P\u00e9kin en 1985 et avait cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre soci\u00e9t\u00e9, Personal Protection Products Ltd. Hong Kong[84]<\/sup><\/a>, en 1992, qui jusqu'en 1994, via sa filiale de Hull[85]<\/sup><\/a>, vendait des dispositifs d'\u00e9coute utilis\u00e9s par les services secrets britanniques pour combattre l'IRA en Ulster[86]<\/sup><\/a>. Lorsque Kluever prendra sa retraite, PK Electronics sera transmis \u00e0 William Nelson et \u00e0 son fils Louthean John Alexander Nelson, les fondateurs du groupe Gamma International[87]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le sch\u00e9ma des participations du Groupe Gamma International ainsi que des personnes et soci\u00e9t\u00e9s associ\u00e9es \u2013 \u00a9 IBI World Ltd. London<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une nouvelle \u00e8re commence dans laquelle les anciennes \u00e9coutes t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques seront bient\u00f4t surmont\u00e9es et oubli\u00e9es. Le jeune Louthean commence \u00e0 travailler avec Niels J\u00f8rgen Tobiasen et ses deux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s : The CBRN Team Ltd. Londres[88]<\/sup><\/a> et The Phoenix Hazard Training Ltd. Darlington[89]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est une op\u00e9ration industrielle qui est n\u00e9e d'un contrat de fourniture d'armes chimiques, biologiques, radiologiques et nucl\u00e9aires \u00e0 l'Ouganda[90]<\/sup><\/a> qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9goci\u00e9 avec un membre du gouvernement, Ananias Tumukunde, qui avait accept\u00e9 un pot-de-vin de 40000 \u00a3[91]<\/sup><\/a>. Une op\u00e9ration qui s'est termin\u00e9e par l'arrestation de Tumukunde \u00e0 Kampala et de Tobiasen \u00e0 Londres en juillet 2007[92]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au cours de ces ann\u00e9es, Louthean Nelson a \u00e9galement tent\u00e9 de faciliter une collaboration avec l'\u00e9quipe de piratage de David Vincenzetti : avec l'un des meilleurs hackers du groupe milanais, Alberto Pelliccione, Nelson a essay\u00e9 apr\u00e8s un certain temps de trouver un syst\u00e8me pour pirater les appareils Nokia \u2013 mais Pelliccione change d\u2019avis quand il d\u00e9couvre que Nelson a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 livrer des armes aux pays touch\u00e9s par les sanctions internationales par l'interm\u00e9diaire d'une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qui a maintenant \u00e9t\u00e9 liquid\u00e9e, Cyan Engineering Services SAL Beirut[93]<\/sup><\/a>. Quelque chose avec lequel Pelliccione ne veut rien avoir \u00e0 voir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'entreprise suivante est peut-\u00eatre encore plus \u00e9tonnante : Nelson fonde Elaman et d\u00e9localise certaines activit\u00e9s en Suisse[94]<\/sup><\/a> parce qu'il fait de nouveau affaire avec l'ancien partenaire de son p\u00e8re, Stephan Oelkers. Oelkers a convaincu Nelson de d\u00e9placer son centre d'op\u00e9rations de Hambourg \u00e0 Munich et d'accepter un nouveau partenaire, Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt. Cela devrait travailler avec les services secrets autrichiens[95]<\/sup><\/a> et tenter de reprendre la station de Bad Aibling \u00e0 la NSA (American Military Intelligence)[96]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est une tentation imposante et extr\u00eamement symbolique : la station d'interception de Bad Aibling est n\u00e9e en 1936 comme a\u00e9roport militaire et centre radar de la Luftwaffe, et \u00e0 la fin de la guerre, l'arm\u00e9e am\u00e9ricaine l'a convertie en camp de transit pour les prisonniers de guerre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s et victimes des camps de concentration nationaux-socialistes. Un camp de concentration tr\u00e8s c\u00e9l\u00e8bre que les \u00e9crivains G\u00fcnther Grass et Joseph Ratzinger (le futur pape Beno\u00eet XVI)[97]<\/sup><\/a> ont travers\u00e9. De 1952 jusqu'\u00e0 la fermeture, demand\u00e9e par l'Union europ\u00e9enne en 2001 et r\u00e9alis\u00e9e en 2004 (officiellement, puisque l'installation \u00e9tait toujours en activit\u00e9 en 2013[98]<\/sup><\/a>), la NSA de Bad Aibling a assembl\u00e9 ses syst\u00e8mes Echelon[99]<\/sup><\/a> pour intercepter les communications t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques du plan\u00e8te enti\u00e8re[100]<\/sup><\/a>. La prise de contr\u00f4le de la station NSA aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 la cons\u00e9cration de Nelson et de ses employ\u00e9s \u00e0 une entreprise d'importance mondiale et au pouvoir presque illimit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les n\u00e9gociations n'\u00e9taient pas termin\u00e9es lorsque FinFisher a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 vendre son FinSpy \u00e0 la Turquie et le monde entier a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 voir le danger. Apr\u00e8s les recherches \u00e0 Munich, en Suisse et en Roumanie, Nelson a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 liquider toutes les entreprises le plus rapidement possible: certaines d'entre elles (Computplus Ltd., G2 Systems Ltd., Gamma 2000 Ltd., Gamma 2000 Waste Management Ltd., Gamma International (UK) Ltd.) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 liquid\u00e9s d\u00e9but f\u00e9vrier 2021 au moment de la r\u00e9daction de cet article[101]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'y a pas de retour en arri\u00e8re<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

14 avril 2007 : Plus d'un million de citoyens pacifiques protestent contre l'abolition de la libert\u00e9 et contre un r\u00e9gime qui a transform\u00e9 leur patrie en un enfer d'oppression, de violence et de mis\u00e8re. Une sc\u00e8ne d'humanit\u00e9 passionnante qui pourrait difficilement \u00eatre r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9e<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, cela ne change pas la substance des choses. Aujourd'hui, f\u00e9vrier 2021, le gouvernement et ses agences de renseignement dans au moins 40 pays \u00e0 travers le monde, dont la grande majorit\u00e9 est dirig\u00e9e par une dictature, ont entre les mains des logiciels qui vont non seulement au-del\u00e0 des sc\u00e9narios apocalyptiques d\u00e9crits par George Orwell, mais aussi du \"Br\u00e9sil<\/em>\" de Terry Gilliam : D\u00e9sormais, un r\u00e9gime n'a plus besoin de d\u00e9couvrir que quelqu'un pr\u00e9pare un complot pour les isoler, les torturer, les condamner et les exterminer. L'\u00c9tat peut cr\u00e9er des preuves d'un simple clic d'ordinateur, en utilisant un logiciel qui en un milli\u00e8me de seconde condamnera chacun de nous et impliquera chacun de nos proches dans notre destruction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 o\u00f9 l'ali\u00e9nation de l'individu du contexte commun a d\u00e9j\u00e0 atteint des proportions inqui\u00e9tantes, les logiciels d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s et vendus par une petite poign\u00e9e de criminels totalement inconnus du public ont permis \u00e0 l'humanit\u00e9 de s'engager sur un chemin de non-retour : celui o\u00f9 il n'y a plus rien de vrai et de v\u00e9rifiable dans lequel chacun de nous doit douter de qui est autour de nous, et m\u00eame (et plus encore) nous-m\u00eames.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La faiblesse et la superficialit\u00e9 avec lesquelles les gouvernements occidentaux (en particulier les \u00c9tats-Unis, l'Allemagne et le Royaume-Uni) ont permis \u00e0 ce logiciel d'\u00eatre distribu\u00e9 \u00e0 travers la plan\u00e8te pour des calculs purement \u00e9go\u00efstes sont impardonnables et le signe que 75 ans apr\u00e8s la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale , 30 ans apr\u00e8s la fin de la guerre froide, et la peur d'un conflit nucl\u00e9aire lorsque la nature se rebelle contre la mani\u00e8re insens\u00e9e dont nous la d\u00e9truisons, les gens ont franchi la limite ultime \u2013 ceux dans lesquels l'ennemi qui tue ne vient pas de l'ext\u00e9rieur, mais de l'int\u00e9rieur \u2013 et est inexorable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


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[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/65-in-yuzbinleri-6335051<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/6554851.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/laik-turkiye-icin-caglayan-a-6426626<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/3-miting-3-mesaj-6462629<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/izmir-rekor-bekliyor-6495436<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/turkey-used-german-spy-software-on-opposition-politicians-and-activists\/a-43787769<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/en\/content\/turkish-spy-networks-control-opponents<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-39416954<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.birgun.net\/haber\/iddia-pelikancilar-hakan-fidan-gitsin-diyor-283382<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trthaber.com\/haber\/gundem\/iletisim-baskanligi-berat-albayrakin-gorevden-af-talebi-kabul-edilmistir-529559.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/europe\/russia-accuses-president-erdogan-s-son-law-being-linked-isis-oil-trade-a6761436.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2016\/09\/turkey-redhackers-daunt-the-erdogan-family.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepressproject.gr\/exclusive-wikileaks-documents-relations-erdogan-isis-oil-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.duvarenglish.com\/sport\/2020\/02\/10\/politics-in-stadiums-fenerbahce-fans-urge-minister-albayrak-to-keep-hands-off-football<\/a> ; https:\/\/odatv4.com\/fenerbahceliler-damata-karsi-ayaga-kalkti-02022031.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Intelligence Online, \u201cHakan Fidan close to ministerial promotion<\/em>\u201d, see in 2020.11.18 Hakan Fidan Minister<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-launches-project-to-train-1-million-software-developers-154081<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> 2017.04.13 T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mill%C3%AE_%C4%B0stihbarat_Te%C5%9Fkil%C3%A2t%C4%B1#Leitung<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> Hakan Fidan on Nexis, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/t24.com.tr\/haber\/adanada-3-tir-durduruldu-arama-yapiliyor,248707<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> 1000 colpi di mortaio, 1000 colpi di artiglieria, 50\u2019000 fucili d'assalto e 30\u2019000 munizioni per mitragliatrice \u2013 see in https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529223636\/http:\/\/www.aktifhaber.com\/devlet-sirri-denilen-mit-tirlari-ile-ilgili-tapeler-1053377h.htm#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.haber7.com\/guncel\/haber\/1121773-mit-tirlari-neden-durduruldu ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aljazeera.com.tr\/haber\/mit-tirlari-boyle-durduruldu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/bianet.org\/bianet\/insan-haklari\/155519-tir-lari-durdurmakla-suclanan-13-askere-muebbet-istendi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milliyet.com.tr\/gundem\/mit-tirlari-olayinda-yeni-gelisme-5-savci-gorevden-uzaklastirildi-1999064<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/erdogandan-canli-yayinda-can-dundara-tehdit-288885<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.faz.net\/aktuell\/politik\/ausland\/europa\/tuerkei\/tuerkei-kampf-gegen-die-soldaten-des-lichts-12715816.html?printPagedArticle=true#pageIndex_3<\/a> ; https:\/\/taz.de\/Wie-Guelen-zum-Staatsfeind-Nr-1-wurde\/!5323191\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2021\/02\/03\/son-dakika-istihbarattaki-fetocu-generalden-bomba-itiraflar-tegmen-rutbemi-fetullah-gulen-takti<\/a> ; https:\/\/tr.sputniknews.com\/turkiye\/202001211041211454-sozcu-ilker-basbugu-cezaevine-attiran-feto-mektubunu-acikliyoruz\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.genios.de\/presse-archiv\/artikel\/FAZ\/20171111\/jagd-auf-die-guelenisten\/FR1201711115279571.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nadir.org\/nadir\/initiativ\/isku\/hintergrund\/geheimdienste\/geheim994.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/tuerkischer-geheimdienst-liess-erdogan-gegner-in-deutschland-ausspionieren\/12027820.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article157778863\/Erdogans-Agenten-bedrohen-Tuerken-in-Deutschland.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html ;  https:\/\/www.derstandard.at\/story\/1397522175727\/geheimdienst-staat-tuerkei<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2020\/09\/turkey-austria-spy-nehammer-kurdish-clashes-protests-vienna.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/austria-turkey-espionage-int-idUSKBN25S4R5<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/10\/13\/world\/europe\/turkey-austria-erdogan-assassin.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/global-europe\/news\/flemish-minister-turkish-sponosred-mosque-is-nest-of-spies\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/07\/06\/influenced-by-gulenists-belgium-targets-turkish-mosques-fighting-extremism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/erdogan-critics-listed-by-turkish-embassy-in-prague-were-included-in-bogus-terrorism-probe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turk-greek-ties-strained-by-arson-row-10324<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-greece-germany-spying\/greek-police-arrest-german-on-suspicion-of-spying-idUSBRE97208820130803<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kathimerini.gr\/society\/896001\/istories-me-kataskopoys-sto-aigaio\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.larissanet.gr\/2019\/06\/21\/dikazetai-sti-rodo-kataskopos-tis-tourkias\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/ahvalnews.com\/mit\/turkish-intelligence-recruits-eu-retirees-spy-greece<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/04\/turkish-intelligence-operations-targeting-critics-in-greece-exposed-in-secret-documents\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/intelnews.org\/2016\/12\/09\/01-2023\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/more-secret-documents-confirming-vast-turkish-espionage-activities-in-greece-uncovered\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.skai.gr\/news\/greece\/dyo-syllipseis-ellinon-gia-kataskopeia-sti-rodo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-kosovo-security-turkey-idUSKBN1H70CC<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/opinion\/murat-yetkin\/turkish-intelligence-unveils-secret-codes-used-before-coup-attempt-103843<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2018\/09\/turkish-teachers-detained-moldova-gulen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/balkaninsight.com\/2018\/09\/06\/six-turkish-professors-detained-by-moldovan-secret-services-09-06-2018\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/turkeypurge.com\/turkey-spying-imams-active-also-in-norway<\/a> ; https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/turkeys-autocratic-president-erdogans-spying-profiling-expands-in-norway\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/kafila.org\/www-matthewaid-com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/report-sweden-launches-espionage-probe-into-turkish-govt-representatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/politics\/undiplomatic_swiss-eye-alleged-turkish-kidnapping-attempt\/43973170 ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/swiss-foreign-minister-warns-turkey-against-illegal-spying-111199 ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/eu-affairs\/2017\/05\/01\/as-anti-turkish-politics-grip-europe-turkish-swiss-policeman-arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-brings-key-feto-suspect-from-ukraine-to-turkey-134608<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.meforum.org\/60976\/turkish-spy-agency-mit-intelligence-gathering-australia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-court\/egypt-detains-29-people-on-suspicion-of-espionage-for-turkey-idUSKBN1DM1AN<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/33764\/In-Pictures-Egypt-foils-Turkish-espionage-attempt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-agency-brings-three-feto-members-from-gabon-to-turkey-130050<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/turkey\/turkish-intelligence-agency-rescues-a-kidnapped-italian-citizen-in-kenya-36192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20190807-libyan-national-army-turkish-intelligence-is-operating-in-tripoli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/11\/27\/senior-feto-figure-captured-by-turkish-intelligence-in-sudan\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Erdo\u011fan a depuis transform\u00e9 le bureau du Premier ministre en une agence gouvernementale enregistr\u00e9e[11]<\/sup><\/a> qui contr\u00f4le certains consulats turcs \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger \u2013 comme Atlanta, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, Washington DC (USA), Burnaby (Canada) et Rabat (Maroc)[12]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 et de bien s\u00fbr le MIT[13]<\/sup><\/a> aussi. Dans chacune de ces agences, Hakan Fidan joue le r\u00f4le de directeur ex\u00e9cutif[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Peut-\u00eatre parce que le MIT n'est pas seulement actif en Turquie, mais partout dans le monde ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 19 janvier 2014, la gendarmerie turque a bloqu\u00e9 deux camions \u00e0 destination de la Syrie qui \u00e9taient pleins d'armes[15]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 des armes destin\u00e9es \u00e0 aider l'arm\u00e9e du califat (EI)[16]<\/sup><\/a> transport\u00e9es par des agents du MIT[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Erdo\u011fan a d'abord affirm\u00e9 qu'il s'agissait d'une aide humanitaire[18]<\/sup><\/a>, mais certains journalistes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 filmer le camion et le mensonge a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9couvert. R\u00e9sultat : les 13 gendarmes qui ont arr\u00eat\u00e9 les camions ont \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 de longues peines de prison[19]<\/sup><\/a> ; Les juges d'instruction ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9mis de leurs fonctions et inculp\u00e9s[20]<\/sup><\/a> ; les journalistes impliqu\u00e9s dans l'enregistrement ou la publication des informations ont \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq ans de prison[21]<\/sup><\/a>. La police a re\u00e7u de nouveaux ordres : n'emp\u00eachez jamais les v\u00e9hicules du MIT d'aller \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'une des t\u00e2ches du MIT est de combattre la secte Hizmet et son pr\u00e9dicateur Fethullah G\u00fclen (en tapant sur les t\u00e9l\u00e9phones et Internet, en traquant, en enlevant, en torturant, en assassinant[22]<\/sup><\/a>) en Turquie et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Cependant, la t\u00e2che principale du MIT est de combattre les opposants \u00e0 l'ext\u00e9rieur du pays. Environ 500 responsables du MIT et plus de 6000 informateurs sont actifs en Allemagne \u2013 une structure encore plus grande et plus puissante que STASI \u00e0 l'\u00e9poque de la RDA[24]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 dont le but n'est pas seulement d'observer et de signaler les citoyens turcs qui ont \u00e9migr\u00e9 en Europe, mais aussi d'intervenir physiquement[25]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'un des objectifs du MIT est d'intercepter les communications pour cr\u00e9er des preuves fictives contre les critiques du r\u00e9gime d'Ankara et pour justifier leur enl\u00e8vement et leur torture[26]<\/sup><\/a>. Une strat\u00e9gie que le MIT poursuit \u00e9galement dans plusieurs autres pays du monde \u2013 par exemple en Autriche[27]<\/sup><\/a>, Belgique[28]<\/sup><\/a>, R\u00e9publique tch\u00e8que[29]<\/sup><\/a>, France[30]<\/sup><\/a>, Gr\u00e8ce[31]<\/sup><\/a>, Kosovo[32]<\/sup><\/a>, Lituanie[33]<\/sup><\/a>, Moldavie[34]<\/sup><\/a>, Norv\u00e8ge[35]<\/sup><\/a>, Serbie[36]<\/sup><\/a>, Su\u00e8de[37]<\/sup><\/a>, Suisse[38]<\/sup><\/a>, Ukraine[39]<\/sup><\/a>, Royaume-Uni[40]<\/sup><\/a> , Australie[41]<\/sup><\/a>, \u00c9gypte[42]<\/sup><\/a>, Gabon[43]<\/sup><\/a>, Kenya[44]<\/sup><\/a>, Libye[45]<\/sup><\/a>, Soudan[46]<\/sup><\/a>, \u00c9tats-Unis[47]<\/sup><\/a>, Arm\u00e9nie[48]<\/sup><\/a>, Azerba\u00efdjan[49]<\/sup><\/a>, G\u00e9orgie[50]<\/sup><\/a>, Irak[51]<\/sup><\/a>, Malaisie[52]<\/sup><\/a>, Mongolie[53]<\/sup><\/a>, Pakistan[54]<\/sup><\/a> et Syrie, o\u00f9 le gouvernement turc se bat avec sa propre arm\u00e9e et soutient l'EI[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Technologie allemande pour le tortionnaire d'Erdo\u011fan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Comment fonctionne l'application FishSpy de FinFisher GmbH \u00e0 Munich \u2013 le c\u0153ur battant du syst\u00e8me d'espionnage turc du MIT<\/sub><\/strong>[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le syst\u00e8me complexe de contr\u00f4le, de piratage, d'interception et de falsification n\u00e9cessaire pour surveiller des millions de personnes n'est pas un jouet. Des ONG de toute l'Europe recherchent qui a d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 une telle technologie et l'a trouv\u00e9e en Allemagne \u2013 elle s'appelle FinSpy et est produite par trois soci\u00e9t\u00e9s du groupe Gamma International : FinFisher GmbH Munich, FinFisher Labs GmbH Munich et Elaman GmbH Munich. Quatre organisations ont pu le prouver \u00e0 la justice allemande[57]<\/sup><\/a> : Reporters sans fronti\u00e8res de Berlin (actif dans toute l'Europe, principalement pr\u00e9occup\u00e9 par la libert\u00e9 de la presse[58]<\/sup><\/a>), GFF Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Freiheitsrechte de Berlin (tr\u00e8s active dans la surveillance des activit\u00e9s ill\u00e9gales du BND et d'autres services secrets allemands[59]<\/sup><\/a>), Netzpolitik.org \u00e0 Berlin (un journal en ligne[60]<\/sup><\/a>) et le Centre europ\u00e9en pour la Constitution et les droits de l'homme \u00e0 Berlin[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le parquet de Munich lance une enqu\u00eate p\u00e9nale sur la base des preuves pr\u00e9sent\u00e9es par ces ONG : les entreprises bavaroises susmentionn\u00e9es ont viol\u00e9 la loi sur le commerce ext\u00e9rieur[62]<\/sup><\/a> sur au moins six points et ont non seulement vendu FinSpy \u00e0 la Turquie, mais aussi aux gouvernements de nombreux autres pays, y compris Bahre\u00efn, l'\u00c9gypte, l'\u00c9thiopie, la Libye, le Kazakhstan, l'Arabie saoudite et le Venezuela[63]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 tous des pays qui soul\u00e8vent de graves pr\u00e9occupations quant \u00e0 la nature d\u00e9mocratique du syst\u00e8me politique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enqu\u00eate a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que ces trois soci\u00e9t\u00e9s n'en \u00e9taient qu'\u00e0 l'origine une, Gamma International UK Ltd. Winchester, contre qui une enqu\u00eate ouverte en 2013 par les autorit\u00e9s judiciaires britanniques[64]<\/sup><\/a> a \u00e9t\u00e9 bloqu\u00e9e, qui aurait mis l'entreprise sur la liste noire de l'OCDE[65]<\/sup><\/a> fin 2016 \u2013 une mesure qui interdit \u00e0 quiconque dans le monde de faire affaire avec ce groupe industriel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enqu\u00eate britannique s'est limit\u00e9e \u00e0 l'analyse de la vente de FinSpy \u00e0 Bahre\u00efn, tandis que l'enqu\u00eate allemande, accompagn\u00e9e d'un grand nombre de t\u00e9moignages de victimes de la terreur du r\u00e9gime d'Erdo\u011fan en Turquie et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, va beaucoup plus loin et constate que FinSpy a \u00e9t\u00e9 vendu ill\u00e9galement dans 36 pays[66]<\/sup><\/a>, il y a d'\u00e9normes centres de stockage de donn\u00e9es dans 11 pays[67]<\/sup><\/a>, de sorte qu'on soup\u00e7onne maintenant qu'il y a beaucoup d'autres crimes cach\u00e9s derri\u00e8re les faits connus[68]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est pourquoi le parquet de Munich a ordonn\u00e9 une perquisition des locaux de la capitale bavaroise, mais aussi de la branche roumaine du groupe Gamma International[69]<\/sup><\/a>, en octobre 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il est presque impossible de se d\u00e9fendre contre FinSpy : le malware s'installe avec de fausses mises \u00e0 jour d\u00e9guis\u00e9es en officielles, via des e-mails avec de fausses pi\u00e8ces jointes ou \u00e0 travers des failles de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans le logiciel \u2013 comme Avira[70]<\/sup><\/a> ou iTunes d'Apple \u2013 et ensuite via les fausses plates-formes du principaux moteurs de recherche, installations Mac et Linux[71]<\/sup><\/a>, programmes de messagerie \u00e9lectronique, r\u00e9seaux sociaux, sites Web pour les achats en ligne[72]<\/sup><\/a>. L\u00e0 o\u00f9 le malware de Gamma International ne parvient pas, celui de l'\u00e9quipe de piratage de David Vincenzetti[73]<\/sup><\/a> est l\u00e0[74]<\/sup><\/a>. Mais cette soci\u00e9t\u00e9 n'est plus l\u00e0, Gamma l'a surpass\u00e9e, ses fondateurs sont r\u00e9partis dans de nombreuses petites entreprises[75]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re les poup\u00e9es Matriochka?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

En 2015, le Citizen Lab Institute de Toronto avait identifi\u00e9 35 pays qui utilisaient ill\u00e9galement les applications du groupe Gamma \/ FinFisher<\/sub><\/strong>[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enqu\u00eate du parquet de Munich laisse un go\u00fbt un peu amer dans la bouche: comment est-il possible qu'une plainte de quatre ONG ait \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9cessaire pour enqu\u00eate ? Il est logique que le soup\u00e7on d'hypocrisie surgisse, surtout en sachant que les services secrets allemands (BND) avaient d\u00e9cern\u00e9 \u00e0 Stephan Oelkers de Gamma International les Big Brother Awards en 2012, car Gamma \u00e9tait \u00ab la meilleure entreprise au monde intrusion de syst\u00e8mes informatiques et installation de logiciels de surveillance<\/em> (...) Gamma propose ses services sur son site Internet \u2013 bien que le d\u00e9veloppement et la distribution de ce type de logiciel espion soient interdits par le droit p\u00e9nal allemand (Par. 282c StGB). Cependant, cela ne s'applique qu'aux clients priv\u00e9s, pas aux ventes aux autorit\u00e9s nationales ou \u00e0 la police secr\u00e8te d'une dictature \u00e9trang\u00e8re. C'est la raison pour laquelle le parquet de Munich a refus\u00e9 d'engager une proc\u00e9dure p\u00e9nale contre Gamma<\/em> \u00bb[77]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref : tout le monde savait tout, mais il y a huit ans, le procureur de Munich pensait que c'\u00e9tait une bagatelle tant que cette technologie monstrueuse \u00e9tait utilis\u00e9e par les dictatures pour opprimer leur propre peuple.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour \u00eatre pr\u00e9cis, nous en savons beaucoup sur les activit\u00e9s ill\u00e9gales de ce groupe depuis 1973 (lorsque les ordinateurs \u00e9taient des jouets et que l'espionnage consistait \u00e0 infiltrer des hommes louches dans des salles secr\u00e8tes \u00e0 l'aide d'un appareil microfilmant des documents interdits) de personnes dispers\u00e9es dans la campagne anglaise, dans le port de Hambourg, dans la capitale bavaroise ou dans les bidonvilles du Cap Town. L'histoire commence par un c\u00e2ble que l'ambassade am\u00e9ricaine \u00e0 Bonn a envoy\u00e9 aux autorit\u00e9s f\u00e9d\u00e9rales \u2013 un message signalant les activit\u00e9s suspectes d'un d\u00e9taillant d'\u00e9lectronique n\u00e9erlandais bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Hambourg, Peter Kluever[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La CIA d\u00e9cide d'investir dans cet homme, tout comme l'arm\u00e9e allemande. En 1981, ses deux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s PK Electronics et PKI Electronic Intelligence GmbH avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 des contrats avec le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. En 1983, le prince h\u00e9ritier d'Arabie saoudite, Abdullah Ibn Nasir IBn Abd al-Asis Al Sa'ud, visite Hambourg et les g\u00e9n\u00e9raux allemands lui montrent les effets de l'utilisation de la technologie Kluever sur l'efficacit\u00e9 et la cadence de tir des chars L\u00e9opard \u2013 qui le gouvernement de Moved Riyadh pour acqu\u00e9rir cette technologie[79]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 1987, Oelkers s'est envol\u00e9 pour P\u00e9kin pour une d\u00e9monstration de ses nouvelles puces et a ravi les g\u00e9n\u00e9raux chinois qui sont devenus une partie de sa client\u00e8le[80]<\/sup><\/a>. Dans le cadre des accords sign\u00e9s avec les \u00c9tats-Unis, \u00e0 partir de 1985, Kluever a vendu une technologie d'espionnage am\u00e9ricaine tr\u00e8s moderne (d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e par l'Ocean Applied Research Corporation \u00e0 San Diego[81]<\/sup><\/a> et distribu\u00e9e par le groupe CompuDyne Corporation en Pennsylvanie[82]<\/sup><\/a>) \u00e0 Muhammar Ghaddafi en Libye, \u00e0 Hafiz Al -Assad en Syrie, \u00e0 Haji Mohammad Suharto en Indon\u00e9sie \u2013 les trois pr\u00e9sidents l'utilisent pour intercepter les appels t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques et les \u00e9missions radio des opposants, des arm\u00e9es \u00e9trang\u00e8res et des groupes rebelles[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En vieillissant, Kluever vendra son entreprise (le PK Electronics Group \u00e0 Hambourg) \u00e0 deux ing\u00e9nieurs, l'Allemand Stephan Oelkers et l'Anglais William Louthean Nelson. Ce dernier avait commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 diriger le bureau de P\u00e9kin en 1985 et avait cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre soci\u00e9t\u00e9, Personal Protection Products Ltd. Hong Kong[84]<\/sup><\/a>, en 1992, qui jusqu'en 1994, via sa filiale de Hull[85]<\/sup><\/a>, vendait des dispositifs d'\u00e9coute utilis\u00e9s par les services secrets britanniques pour combattre l'IRA en Ulster[86]<\/sup><\/a>. Lorsque Kluever prendra sa retraite, PK Electronics sera transmis \u00e0 William Nelson et \u00e0 son fils Louthean John Alexander Nelson, les fondateurs du groupe Gamma International[87]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le sch\u00e9ma des participations du Groupe Gamma International ainsi que des personnes et soci\u00e9t\u00e9s associ\u00e9es \u2013 \u00a9 IBI World Ltd. London<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une nouvelle \u00e8re commence dans laquelle les anciennes \u00e9coutes t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques seront bient\u00f4t surmont\u00e9es et oubli\u00e9es. Le jeune Louthean commence \u00e0 travailler avec Niels J\u00f8rgen Tobiasen et ses deux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s : The CBRN Team Ltd. Londres[88]<\/sup><\/a> et The Phoenix Hazard Training Ltd. Darlington[89]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est une op\u00e9ration industrielle qui est n\u00e9e d'un contrat de fourniture d'armes chimiques, biologiques, radiologiques et nucl\u00e9aires \u00e0 l'Ouganda[90]<\/sup><\/a> qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9goci\u00e9 avec un membre du gouvernement, Ananias Tumukunde, qui avait accept\u00e9 un pot-de-vin de 40000 \u00a3[91]<\/sup><\/a>. Une op\u00e9ration qui s'est termin\u00e9e par l'arrestation de Tumukunde \u00e0 Kampala et de Tobiasen \u00e0 Londres en juillet 2007[92]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au cours de ces ann\u00e9es, Louthean Nelson a \u00e9galement tent\u00e9 de faciliter une collaboration avec l'\u00e9quipe de piratage de David Vincenzetti : avec l'un des meilleurs hackers du groupe milanais, Alberto Pelliccione, Nelson a essay\u00e9 apr\u00e8s un certain temps de trouver un syst\u00e8me pour pirater les appareils Nokia \u2013 mais Pelliccione change d\u2019avis quand il d\u00e9couvre que Nelson a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 livrer des armes aux pays touch\u00e9s par les sanctions internationales par l'interm\u00e9diaire d'une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qui a maintenant \u00e9t\u00e9 liquid\u00e9e, Cyan Engineering Services SAL Beirut[93]<\/sup><\/a>. Quelque chose avec lequel Pelliccione ne veut rien avoir \u00e0 voir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'entreprise suivante est peut-\u00eatre encore plus \u00e9tonnante : Nelson fonde Elaman et d\u00e9localise certaines activit\u00e9s en Suisse[94]<\/sup><\/a> parce qu'il fait de nouveau affaire avec l'ancien partenaire de son p\u00e8re, Stephan Oelkers. Oelkers a convaincu Nelson de d\u00e9placer son centre d'op\u00e9rations de Hambourg \u00e0 Munich et d'accepter un nouveau partenaire, Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt. Cela devrait travailler avec les services secrets autrichiens[95]<\/sup><\/a> et tenter de reprendre la station de Bad Aibling \u00e0 la NSA (American Military Intelligence)[96]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est une tentation imposante et extr\u00eamement symbolique : la station d'interception de Bad Aibling est n\u00e9e en 1936 comme a\u00e9roport militaire et centre radar de la Luftwaffe, et \u00e0 la fin de la guerre, l'arm\u00e9e am\u00e9ricaine l'a convertie en camp de transit pour les prisonniers de guerre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s et victimes des camps de concentration nationaux-socialistes. Un camp de concentration tr\u00e8s c\u00e9l\u00e8bre que les \u00e9crivains G\u00fcnther Grass et Joseph Ratzinger (le futur pape Beno\u00eet XVI)[97]<\/sup><\/a> ont travers\u00e9. De 1952 jusqu'\u00e0 la fermeture, demand\u00e9e par l'Union europ\u00e9enne en 2001 et r\u00e9alis\u00e9e en 2004 (officiellement, puisque l'installation \u00e9tait toujours en activit\u00e9 en 2013[98]<\/sup><\/a>), la NSA de Bad Aibling a assembl\u00e9 ses syst\u00e8mes Echelon[99]<\/sup><\/a> pour intercepter les communications t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques du plan\u00e8te enti\u00e8re[100]<\/sup><\/a>. La prise de contr\u00f4le de la station NSA aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 la cons\u00e9cration de Nelson et de ses employ\u00e9s \u00e0 une entreprise d'importance mondiale et au pouvoir presque illimit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les n\u00e9gociations n'\u00e9taient pas termin\u00e9es lorsque FinFisher a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 vendre son FinSpy \u00e0 la Turquie et le monde entier a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 voir le danger. Apr\u00e8s les recherches \u00e0 Munich, en Suisse et en Roumanie, Nelson a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 liquider toutes les entreprises le plus rapidement possible: certaines d'entre elles (Computplus Ltd., G2 Systems Ltd., Gamma 2000 Ltd., Gamma 2000 Waste Management Ltd., Gamma International (UK) Ltd.) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 liquid\u00e9s d\u00e9but f\u00e9vrier 2021 au moment de la r\u00e9daction de cet article[101]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'y a pas de retour en arri\u00e8re<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

14 avril 2007 : Plus d'un million de citoyens pacifiques protestent contre l'abolition de la libert\u00e9 et contre un r\u00e9gime qui a transform\u00e9 leur patrie en un enfer d'oppression, de violence et de mis\u00e8re. Une sc\u00e8ne d'humanit\u00e9 passionnante qui pourrait difficilement \u00eatre r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9e<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, cela ne change pas la substance des choses. Aujourd'hui, f\u00e9vrier 2021, le gouvernement et ses agences de renseignement dans au moins 40 pays \u00e0 travers le monde, dont la grande majorit\u00e9 est dirig\u00e9e par une dictature, ont entre les mains des logiciels qui vont non seulement au-del\u00e0 des sc\u00e9narios apocalyptiques d\u00e9crits par George Orwell, mais aussi du \"Br\u00e9sil<\/em>\" de Terry Gilliam : D\u00e9sormais, un r\u00e9gime n'a plus besoin de d\u00e9couvrir que quelqu'un pr\u00e9pare un complot pour les isoler, les torturer, les condamner et les exterminer. L'\u00c9tat peut cr\u00e9er des preuves d'un simple clic d'ordinateur, en utilisant un logiciel qui en un milli\u00e8me de seconde condamnera chacun de nous et impliquera chacun de nos proches dans notre destruction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 o\u00f9 l'ali\u00e9nation de l'individu du contexte commun a d\u00e9j\u00e0 atteint des proportions inqui\u00e9tantes, les logiciels d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s et vendus par une petite poign\u00e9e de criminels totalement inconnus du public ont permis \u00e0 l'humanit\u00e9 de s'engager sur un chemin de non-retour : celui o\u00f9 il n'y a plus rien de vrai et de v\u00e9rifiable dans lequel chacun de nous doit douter de qui est autour de nous, et m\u00eame (et plus encore) nous-m\u00eames.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La faiblesse et la superficialit\u00e9 avec lesquelles les gouvernements occidentaux (en particulier les \u00c9tats-Unis, l'Allemagne et le Royaume-Uni) ont permis \u00e0 ce logiciel d'\u00eatre distribu\u00e9 \u00e0 travers la plan\u00e8te pour des calculs purement \u00e9go\u00efstes sont impardonnables et le signe que 75 ans apr\u00e8s la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale , 30 ans apr\u00e8s la fin de la guerre froide, et la peur d'un conflit nucl\u00e9aire lorsque la nature se rebelle contre la mani\u00e8re insens\u00e9e dont nous la d\u00e9truisons, les gens ont franchi la limite ultime \u2013 ceux dans lesquels l'ennemi qui tue ne vient pas de l'ext\u00e9rieur, mais de l'int\u00e9rieur \u2013 et est inexorable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


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[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/65-in-yuzbinleri-6335051<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/6554851.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/laik-turkiye-icin-caglayan-a-6426626<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/3-miting-3-mesaj-6462629<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/izmir-rekor-bekliyor-6495436<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/turkey-used-german-spy-software-on-opposition-politicians-and-activists\/a-43787769<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/en\/content\/turkish-spy-networks-control-opponents<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-39416954<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.birgun.net\/haber\/iddia-pelikancilar-hakan-fidan-gitsin-diyor-283382<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trthaber.com\/haber\/gundem\/iletisim-baskanligi-berat-albayrakin-gorevden-af-talebi-kabul-edilmistir-529559.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/europe\/russia-accuses-president-erdogan-s-son-law-being-linked-isis-oil-trade-a6761436.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2016\/09\/turkey-redhackers-daunt-the-erdogan-family.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepressproject.gr\/exclusive-wikileaks-documents-relations-erdogan-isis-oil-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.duvarenglish.com\/sport\/2020\/02\/10\/politics-in-stadiums-fenerbahce-fans-urge-minister-albayrak-to-keep-hands-off-football<\/a> ; https:\/\/odatv4.com\/fenerbahceliler-damata-karsi-ayaga-kalkti-02022031.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Intelligence Online, \u201cHakan Fidan close to ministerial promotion<\/em>\u201d, see in 2020.11.18 Hakan Fidan Minister<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-launches-project-to-train-1-million-software-developers-154081<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> 2017.04.13 T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mill%C3%AE_%C4%B0stihbarat_Te%C5%9Fkil%C3%A2t%C4%B1#Leitung<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> Hakan Fidan on Nexis, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/t24.com.tr\/haber\/adanada-3-tir-durduruldu-arama-yapiliyor,248707<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> 1000 colpi di mortaio, 1000 colpi di artiglieria, 50\u2019000 fucili d'assalto e 30\u2019000 munizioni per mitragliatrice \u2013 see in https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529223636\/http:\/\/www.aktifhaber.com\/devlet-sirri-denilen-mit-tirlari-ile-ilgili-tapeler-1053377h.htm#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.haber7.com\/guncel\/haber\/1121773-mit-tirlari-neden-durduruldu ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aljazeera.com.tr\/haber\/mit-tirlari-boyle-durduruldu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/bianet.org\/bianet\/insan-haklari\/155519-tir-lari-durdurmakla-suclanan-13-askere-muebbet-istendi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milliyet.com.tr\/gundem\/mit-tirlari-olayinda-yeni-gelisme-5-savci-gorevden-uzaklastirildi-1999064<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/erdogandan-canli-yayinda-can-dundara-tehdit-288885<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.faz.net\/aktuell\/politik\/ausland\/europa\/tuerkei\/tuerkei-kampf-gegen-die-soldaten-des-lichts-12715816.html?printPagedArticle=true#pageIndex_3<\/a> ; https:\/\/taz.de\/Wie-Guelen-zum-Staatsfeind-Nr-1-wurde\/!5323191\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2021\/02\/03\/son-dakika-istihbarattaki-fetocu-generalden-bomba-itiraflar-tegmen-rutbemi-fetullah-gulen-takti<\/a> ; https:\/\/tr.sputniknews.com\/turkiye\/202001211041211454-sozcu-ilker-basbugu-cezaevine-attiran-feto-mektubunu-acikliyoruz\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.genios.de\/presse-archiv\/artikel\/FAZ\/20171111\/jagd-auf-die-guelenisten\/FR1201711115279571.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nadir.org\/nadir\/initiativ\/isku\/hintergrund\/geheimdienste\/geheim994.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/tuerkischer-geheimdienst-liess-erdogan-gegner-in-deutschland-ausspionieren\/12027820.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article157778863\/Erdogans-Agenten-bedrohen-Tuerken-in-Deutschland.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html ;  https:\/\/www.derstandard.at\/story\/1397522175727\/geheimdienst-staat-tuerkei<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2020\/09\/turkey-austria-spy-nehammer-kurdish-clashes-protests-vienna.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/austria-turkey-espionage-int-idUSKBN25S4R5<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/10\/13\/world\/europe\/turkey-austria-erdogan-assassin.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/global-europe\/news\/flemish-minister-turkish-sponosred-mosque-is-nest-of-spies\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/07\/06\/influenced-by-gulenists-belgium-targets-turkish-mosques-fighting-extremism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/erdogan-critics-listed-by-turkish-embassy-in-prague-were-included-in-bogus-terrorism-probe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turk-greek-ties-strained-by-arson-row-10324<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-greece-germany-spying\/greek-police-arrest-german-on-suspicion-of-spying-idUSBRE97208820130803<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kathimerini.gr\/society\/896001\/istories-me-kataskopoys-sto-aigaio\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.larissanet.gr\/2019\/06\/21\/dikazetai-sti-rodo-kataskopos-tis-tourkias\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/ahvalnews.com\/mit\/turkish-intelligence-recruits-eu-retirees-spy-greece<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/04\/turkish-intelligence-operations-targeting-critics-in-greece-exposed-in-secret-documents\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/intelnews.org\/2016\/12\/09\/01-2023\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/more-secret-documents-confirming-vast-turkish-espionage-activities-in-greece-uncovered\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.skai.gr\/news\/greece\/dyo-syllipseis-ellinon-gia-kataskopeia-sti-rodo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-kosovo-security-turkey-idUSKBN1H70CC<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/opinion\/murat-yetkin\/turkish-intelligence-unveils-secret-codes-used-before-coup-attempt-103843<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2018\/09\/turkish-teachers-detained-moldova-gulen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/balkaninsight.com\/2018\/09\/06\/six-turkish-professors-detained-by-moldovan-secret-services-09-06-2018\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/turkeypurge.com\/turkey-spying-imams-active-also-in-norway<\/a> ; https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/turkeys-autocratic-president-erdogans-spying-profiling-expands-in-norway\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/kafila.org\/www-matthewaid-com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/report-sweden-launches-espionage-probe-into-turkish-govt-representatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/politics\/undiplomatic_swiss-eye-alleged-turkish-kidnapping-attempt\/43973170 ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/swiss-foreign-minister-warns-turkey-against-illegal-spying-111199 ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/eu-affairs\/2017\/05\/01\/as-anti-turkish-politics-grip-europe-turkish-swiss-policeman-arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-brings-key-feto-suspect-from-ukraine-to-turkey-134608<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.meforum.org\/60976\/turkish-spy-agency-mit-intelligence-gathering-australia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-court\/egypt-detains-29-people-on-suspicion-of-espionage-for-turkey-idUSKBN1DM1AN<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/33764\/In-Pictures-Egypt-foils-Turkish-espionage-attempt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-agency-brings-three-feto-members-from-gabon-to-turkey-130050<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/turkey\/turkish-intelligence-agency-rescues-a-kidnapped-italian-citizen-in-kenya-36192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20190807-libyan-national-army-turkish-intelligence-is-operating-in-tripoli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/11\/27\/senior-feto-figure-captured-by-turkish-intelligence-in-sudan\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Albayrak n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi pour ses comp\u00e9tences en \u00e9conomie, mais parce qu'il est le coordinateur de tout un projet de contr\u00f4le t\u00e9l\u00e9matique, pour lequel le r\u00e9gime, apr\u00e8s avoir form\u00e9 un million de hackers d'\u00c9tat, contr\u00f4lera toutes les transactions \u00e9conomiques de chaque entreprise et de chaque citoyen[10]<\/sup><\/a> : officiellement pour emp\u00eacher l\u2019\u00e9vasion fiscale. Le fait que Hakan Fidan soit \u00e0 la t\u00eate de ce nouveau minist\u00e8re depuis janvier 2021 rend tout clair et simple.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdo\u011fan a depuis transform\u00e9 le bureau du Premier ministre en une agence gouvernementale enregistr\u00e9e[11]<\/sup><\/a> qui contr\u00f4le certains consulats turcs \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger \u2013 comme Atlanta, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, Washington DC (USA), Burnaby (Canada) et Rabat (Maroc)[12]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 et de bien s\u00fbr le MIT[13]<\/sup><\/a> aussi. Dans chacune de ces agences, Hakan Fidan joue le r\u00f4le de directeur ex\u00e9cutif[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Peut-\u00eatre parce que le MIT n'est pas seulement actif en Turquie, mais partout dans le monde ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 19 janvier 2014, la gendarmerie turque a bloqu\u00e9 deux camions \u00e0 destination de la Syrie qui \u00e9taient pleins d'armes[15]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 des armes destin\u00e9es \u00e0 aider l'arm\u00e9e du califat (EI)[16]<\/sup><\/a> transport\u00e9es par des agents du MIT[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Erdo\u011fan a d'abord affirm\u00e9 qu'il s'agissait d'une aide humanitaire[18]<\/sup><\/a>, mais certains journalistes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 filmer le camion et le mensonge a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9couvert. R\u00e9sultat : les 13 gendarmes qui ont arr\u00eat\u00e9 les camions ont \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 de longues peines de prison[19]<\/sup><\/a> ; Les juges d'instruction ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9mis de leurs fonctions et inculp\u00e9s[20]<\/sup><\/a> ; les journalistes impliqu\u00e9s dans l'enregistrement ou la publication des informations ont \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq ans de prison[21]<\/sup><\/a>. La police a re\u00e7u de nouveaux ordres : n'emp\u00eachez jamais les v\u00e9hicules du MIT d'aller \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'une des t\u00e2ches du MIT est de combattre la secte Hizmet et son pr\u00e9dicateur Fethullah G\u00fclen (en tapant sur les t\u00e9l\u00e9phones et Internet, en traquant, en enlevant, en torturant, en assassinant[22]<\/sup><\/a>) en Turquie et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Cependant, la t\u00e2che principale du MIT est de combattre les opposants \u00e0 l'ext\u00e9rieur du pays. Environ 500 responsables du MIT et plus de 6000 informateurs sont actifs en Allemagne \u2013 une structure encore plus grande et plus puissante que STASI \u00e0 l'\u00e9poque de la RDA[24]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 dont le but n'est pas seulement d'observer et de signaler les citoyens turcs qui ont \u00e9migr\u00e9 en Europe, mais aussi d'intervenir physiquement[25]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'un des objectifs du MIT est d'intercepter les communications pour cr\u00e9er des preuves fictives contre les critiques du r\u00e9gime d'Ankara et pour justifier leur enl\u00e8vement et leur torture[26]<\/sup><\/a>. Une strat\u00e9gie que le MIT poursuit \u00e9galement dans plusieurs autres pays du monde \u2013 par exemple en Autriche[27]<\/sup><\/a>, Belgique[28]<\/sup><\/a>, R\u00e9publique tch\u00e8que[29]<\/sup><\/a>, France[30]<\/sup><\/a>, Gr\u00e8ce[31]<\/sup><\/a>, Kosovo[32]<\/sup><\/a>, Lituanie[33]<\/sup><\/a>, Moldavie[34]<\/sup><\/a>, Norv\u00e8ge[35]<\/sup><\/a>, Serbie[36]<\/sup><\/a>, Su\u00e8de[37]<\/sup><\/a>, Suisse[38]<\/sup><\/a>, Ukraine[39]<\/sup><\/a>, Royaume-Uni[40]<\/sup><\/a> , Australie[41]<\/sup><\/a>, \u00c9gypte[42]<\/sup><\/a>, Gabon[43]<\/sup><\/a>, Kenya[44]<\/sup><\/a>, Libye[45]<\/sup><\/a>, Soudan[46]<\/sup><\/a>, \u00c9tats-Unis[47]<\/sup><\/a>, Arm\u00e9nie[48]<\/sup><\/a>, Azerba\u00efdjan[49]<\/sup><\/a>, G\u00e9orgie[50]<\/sup><\/a>, Irak[51]<\/sup><\/a>, Malaisie[52]<\/sup><\/a>, Mongolie[53]<\/sup><\/a>, Pakistan[54]<\/sup><\/a> et Syrie, o\u00f9 le gouvernement turc se bat avec sa propre arm\u00e9e et soutient l'EI[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Technologie allemande pour le tortionnaire d'Erdo\u011fan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Comment fonctionne l'application FishSpy de FinFisher GmbH \u00e0 Munich \u2013 le c\u0153ur battant du syst\u00e8me d'espionnage turc du MIT<\/sub><\/strong>[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le syst\u00e8me complexe de contr\u00f4le, de piratage, d'interception et de falsification n\u00e9cessaire pour surveiller des millions de personnes n'est pas un jouet. Des ONG de toute l'Europe recherchent qui a d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 une telle technologie et l'a trouv\u00e9e en Allemagne \u2013 elle s'appelle FinSpy et est produite par trois soci\u00e9t\u00e9s du groupe Gamma International : FinFisher GmbH Munich, FinFisher Labs GmbH Munich et Elaman GmbH Munich. Quatre organisations ont pu le prouver \u00e0 la justice allemande[57]<\/sup><\/a> : Reporters sans fronti\u00e8res de Berlin (actif dans toute l'Europe, principalement pr\u00e9occup\u00e9 par la libert\u00e9 de la presse[58]<\/sup><\/a>), GFF Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Freiheitsrechte de Berlin (tr\u00e8s active dans la surveillance des activit\u00e9s ill\u00e9gales du BND et d'autres services secrets allemands[59]<\/sup><\/a>), Netzpolitik.org \u00e0 Berlin (un journal en ligne[60]<\/sup><\/a>) et le Centre europ\u00e9en pour la Constitution et les droits de l'homme \u00e0 Berlin[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le parquet de Munich lance une enqu\u00eate p\u00e9nale sur la base des preuves pr\u00e9sent\u00e9es par ces ONG : les entreprises bavaroises susmentionn\u00e9es ont viol\u00e9 la loi sur le commerce ext\u00e9rieur[62]<\/sup><\/a> sur au moins six points et ont non seulement vendu FinSpy \u00e0 la Turquie, mais aussi aux gouvernements de nombreux autres pays, y compris Bahre\u00efn, l'\u00c9gypte, l'\u00c9thiopie, la Libye, le Kazakhstan, l'Arabie saoudite et le Venezuela[63]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 tous des pays qui soul\u00e8vent de graves pr\u00e9occupations quant \u00e0 la nature d\u00e9mocratique du syst\u00e8me politique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enqu\u00eate a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que ces trois soci\u00e9t\u00e9s n'en \u00e9taient qu'\u00e0 l'origine une, Gamma International UK Ltd. Winchester, contre qui une enqu\u00eate ouverte en 2013 par les autorit\u00e9s judiciaires britanniques[64]<\/sup><\/a> a \u00e9t\u00e9 bloqu\u00e9e, qui aurait mis l'entreprise sur la liste noire de l'OCDE[65]<\/sup><\/a> fin 2016 \u2013 une mesure qui interdit \u00e0 quiconque dans le monde de faire affaire avec ce groupe industriel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enqu\u00eate britannique s'est limit\u00e9e \u00e0 l'analyse de la vente de FinSpy \u00e0 Bahre\u00efn, tandis que l'enqu\u00eate allemande, accompagn\u00e9e d'un grand nombre de t\u00e9moignages de victimes de la terreur du r\u00e9gime d'Erdo\u011fan en Turquie et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, va beaucoup plus loin et constate que FinSpy a \u00e9t\u00e9 vendu ill\u00e9galement dans 36 pays[66]<\/sup><\/a>, il y a d'\u00e9normes centres de stockage de donn\u00e9es dans 11 pays[67]<\/sup><\/a>, de sorte qu'on soup\u00e7onne maintenant qu'il y a beaucoup d'autres crimes cach\u00e9s derri\u00e8re les faits connus[68]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est pourquoi le parquet de Munich a ordonn\u00e9 une perquisition des locaux de la capitale bavaroise, mais aussi de la branche roumaine du groupe Gamma International[69]<\/sup><\/a>, en octobre 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il est presque impossible de se d\u00e9fendre contre FinSpy : le malware s'installe avec de fausses mises \u00e0 jour d\u00e9guis\u00e9es en officielles, via des e-mails avec de fausses pi\u00e8ces jointes ou \u00e0 travers des failles de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans le logiciel \u2013 comme Avira[70]<\/sup><\/a> ou iTunes d'Apple \u2013 et ensuite via les fausses plates-formes du principaux moteurs de recherche, installations Mac et Linux[71]<\/sup><\/a>, programmes de messagerie \u00e9lectronique, r\u00e9seaux sociaux, sites Web pour les achats en ligne[72]<\/sup><\/a>. L\u00e0 o\u00f9 le malware de Gamma International ne parvient pas, celui de l'\u00e9quipe de piratage de David Vincenzetti[73]<\/sup><\/a> est l\u00e0[74]<\/sup><\/a>. Mais cette soci\u00e9t\u00e9 n'est plus l\u00e0, Gamma l'a surpass\u00e9e, ses fondateurs sont r\u00e9partis dans de nombreuses petites entreprises[75]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re les poup\u00e9es Matriochka?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

En 2015, le Citizen Lab Institute de Toronto avait identifi\u00e9 35 pays qui utilisaient ill\u00e9galement les applications du groupe Gamma \/ FinFisher<\/sub><\/strong>[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enqu\u00eate du parquet de Munich laisse un go\u00fbt un peu amer dans la bouche: comment est-il possible qu'une plainte de quatre ONG ait \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9cessaire pour enqu\u00eate ? Il est logique que le soup\u00e7on d'hypocrisie surgisse, surtout en sachant que les services secrets allemands (BND) avaient d\u00e9cern\u00e9 \u00e0 Stephan Oelkers de Gamma International les Big Brother Awards en 2012, car Gamma \u00e9tait \u00ab la meilleure entreprise au monde intrusion de syst\u00e8mes informatiques et installation de logiciels de surveillance<\/em> (...) Gamma propose ses services sur son site Internet \u2013 bien que le d\u00e9veloppement et la distribution de ce type de logiciel espion soient interdits par le droit p\u00e9nal allemand (Par. 282c StGB). Cependant, cela ne s'applique qu'aux clients priv\u00e9s, pas aux ventes aux autorit\u00e9s nationales ou \u00e0 la police secr\u00e8te d'une dictature \u00e9trang\u00e8re. C'est la raison pour laquelle le parquet de Munich a refus\u00e9 d'engager une proc\u00e9dure p\u00e9nale contre Gamma<\/em> \u00bb[77]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref : tout le monde savait tout, mais il y a huit ans, le procureur de Munich pensait que c'\u00e9tait une bagatelle tant que cette technologie monstrueuse \u00e9tait utilis\u00e9e par les dictatures pour opprimer leur propre peuple.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour \u00eatre pr\u00e9cis, nous en savons beaucoup sur les activit\u00e9s ill\u00e9gales de ce groupe depuis 1973 (lorsque les ordinateurs \u00e9taient des jouets et que l'espionnage consistait \u00e0 infiltrer des hommes louches dans des salles secr\u00e8tes \u00e0 l'aide d'un appareil microfilmant des documents interdits) de personnes dispers\u00e9es dans la campagne anglaise, dans le port de Hambourg, dans la capitale bavaroise ou dans les bidonvilles du Cap Town. L'histoire commence par un c\u00e2ble que l'ambassade am\u00e9ricaine \u00e0 Bonn a envoy\u00e9 aux autorit\u00e9s f\u00e9d\u00e9rales \u2013 un message signalant les activit\u00e9s suspectes d'un d\u00e9taillant d'\u00e9lectronique n\u00e9erlandais bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Hambourg, Peter Kluever[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La CIA d\u00e9cide d'investir dans cet homme, tout comme l'arm\u00e9e allemande. En 1981, ses deux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s PK Electronics et PKI Electronic Intelligence GmbH avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 des contrats avec le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. En 1983, le prince h\u00e9ritier d'Arabie saoudite, Abdullah Ibn Nasir IBn Abd al-Asis Al Sa'ud, visite Hambourg et les g\u00e9n\u00e9raux allemands lui montrent les effets de l'utilisation de la technologie Kluever sur l'efficacit\u00e9 et la cadence de tir des chars L\u00e9opard \u2013 qui le gouvernement de Moved Riyadh pour acqu\u00e9rir cette technologie[79]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 1987, Oelkers s'est envol\u00e9 pour P\u00e9kin pour une d\u00e9monstration de ses nouvelles puces et a ravi les g\u00e9n\u00e9raux chinois qui sont devenus une partie de sa client\u00e8le[80]<\/sup><\/a>. Dans le cadre des accords sign\u00e9s avec les \u00c9tats-Unis, \u00e0 partir de 1985, Kluever a vendu une technologie d'espionnage am\u00e9ricaine tr\u00e8s moderne (d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e par l'Ocean Applied Research Corporation \u00e0 San Diego[81]<\/sup><\/a> et distribu\u00e9e par le groupe CompuDyne Corporation en Pennsylvanie[82]<\/sup><\/a>) \u00e0 Muhammar Ghaddafi en Libye, \u00e0 Hafiz Al -Assad en Syrie, \u00e0 Haji Mohammad Suharto en Indon\u00e9sie \u2013 les trois pr\u00e9sidents l'utilisent pour intercepter les appels t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques et les \u00e9missions radio des opposants, des arm\u00e9es \u00e9trang\u00e8res et des groupes rebelles[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En vieillissant, Kluever vendra son entreprise (le PK Electronics Group \u00e0 Hambourg) \u00e0 deux ing\u00e9nieurs, l'Allemand Stephan Oelkers et l'Anglais William Louthean Nelson. Ce dernier avait commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 diriger le bureau de P\u00e9kin en 1985 et avait cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre soci\u00e9t\u00e9, Personal Protection Products Ltd. Hong Kong[84]<\/sup><\/a>, en 1992, qui jusqu'en 1994, via sa filiale de Hull[85]<\/sup><\/a>, vendait des dispositifs d'\u00e9coute utilis\u00e9s par les services secrets britanniques pour combattre l'IRA en Ulster[86]<\/sup><\/a>. Lorsque Kluever prendra sa retraite, PK Electronics sera transmis \u00e0 William Nelson et \u00e0 son fils Louthean John Alexander Nelson, les fondateurs du groupe Gamma International[87]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le sch\u00e9ma des participations du Groupe Gamma International ainsi que des personnes et soci\u00e9t\u00e9s associ\u00e9es \u2013 \u00a9 IBI World Ltd. London<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une nouvelle \u00e8re commence dans laquelle les anciennes \u00e9coutes t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques seront bient\u00f4t surmont\u00e9es et oubli\u00e9es. Le jeune Louthean commence \u00e0 travailler avec Niels J\u00f8rgen Tobiasen et ses deux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s : The CBRN Team Ltd. Londres[88]<\/sup><\/a> et The Phoenix Hazard Training Ltd. Darlington[89]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est une op\u00e9ration industrielle qui est n\u00e9e d'un contrat de fourniture d'armes chimiques, biologiques, radiologiques et nucl\u00e9aires \u00e0 l'Ouganda[90]<\/sup><\/a> qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9goci\u00e9 avec un membre du gouvernement, Ananias Tumukunde, qui avait accept\u00e9 un pot-de-vin de 40000 \u00a3[91]<\/sup><\/a>. Une op\u00e9ration qui s'est termin\u00e9e par l'arrestation de Tumukunde \u00e0 Kampala et de Tobiasen \u00e0 Londres en juillet 2007[92]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au cours de ces ann\u00e9es, Louthean Nelson a \u00e9galement tent\u00e9 de faciliter une collaboration avec l'\u00e9quipe de piratage de David Vincenzetti : avec l'un des meilleurs hackers du groupe milanais, Alberto Pelliccione, Nelson a essay\u00e9 apr\u00e8s un certain temps de trouver un syst\u00e8me pour pirater les appareils Nokia \u2013 mais Pelliccione change d\u2019avis quand il d\u00e9couvre que Nelson a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 livrer des armes aux pays touch\u00e9s par les sanctions internationales par l'interm\u00e9diaire d'une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qui a maintenant \u00e9t\u00e9 liquid\u00e9e, Cyan Engineering Services SAL Beirut[93]<\/sup><\/a>. Quelque chose avec lequel Pelliccione ne veut rien avoir \u00e0 voir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'entreprise suivante est peut-\u00eatre encore plus \u00e9tonnante : Nelson fonde Elaman et d\u00e9localise certaines activit\u00e9s en Suisse[94]<\/sup><\/a> parce qu'il fait de nouveau affaire avec l'ancien partenaire de son p\u00e8re, Stephan Oelkers. Oelkers a convaincu Nelson de d\u00e9placer son centre d'op\u00e9rations de Hambourg \u00e0 Munich et d'accepter un nouveau partenaire, Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt. Cela devrait travailler avec les services secrets autrichiens[95]<\/sup><\/a> et tenter de reprendre la station de Bad Aibling \u00e0 la NSA (American Military Intelligence)[96]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est une tentation imposante et extr\u00eamement symbolique : la station d'interception de Bad Aibling est n\u00e9e en 1936 comme a\u00e9roport militaire et centre radar de la Luftwaffe, et \u00e0 la fin de la guerre, l'arm\u00e9e am\u00e9ricaine l'a convertie en camp de transit pour les prisonniers de guerre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s et victimes des camps de concentration nationaux-socialistes. Un camp de concentration tr\u00e8s c\u00e9l\u00e8bre que les \u00e9crivains G\u00fcnther Grass et Joseph Ratzinger (le futur pape Beno\u00eet XVI)[97]<\/sup><\/a> ont travers\u00e9. De 1952 jusqu'\u00e0 la fermeture, demand\u00e9e par l'Union europ\u00e9enne en 2001 et r\u00e9alis\u00e9e en 2004 (officiellement, puisque l'installation \u00e9tait toujours en activit\u00e9 en 2013[98]<\/sup><\/a>), la NSA de Bad Aibling a assembl\u00e9 ses syst\u00e8mes Echelon[99]<\/sup><\/a> pour intercepter les communications t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques du plan\u00e8te enti\u00e8re[100]<\/sup><\/a>. La prise de contr\u00f4le de la station NSA aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 la cons\u00e9cration de Nelson et de ses employ\u00e9s \u00e0 une entreprise d'importance mondiale et au pouvoir presque illimit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les n\u00e9gociations n'\u00e9taient pas termin\u00e9es lorsque FinFisher a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 vendre son FinSpy \u00e0 la Turquie et le monde entier a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 voir le danger. Apr\u00e8s les recherches \u00e0 Munich, en Suisse et en Roumanie, Nelson a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 liquider toutes les entreprises le plus rapidement possible: certaines d'entre elles (Computplus Ltd., G2 Systems Ltd., Gamma 2000 Ltd., Gamma 2000 Waste Management Ltd., Gamma International (UK) Ltd.) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 liquid\u00e9s d\u00e9but f\u00e9vrier 2021 au moment de la r\u00e9daction de cet article[101]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'y a pas de retour en arri\u00e8re<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

14 avril 2007 : Plus d'un million de citoyens pacifiques protestent contre l'abolition de la libert\u00e9 et contre un r\u00e9gime qui a transform\u00e9 leur patrie en un enfer d'oppression, de violence et de mis\u00e8re. Une sc\u00e8ne d'humanit\u00e9 passionnante qui pourrait difficilement \u00eatre r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9e<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, cela ne change pas la substance des choses. Aujourd'hui, f\u00e9vrier 2021, le gouvernement et ses agences de renseignement dans au moins 40 pays \u00e0 travers le monde, dont la grande majorit\u00e9 est dirig\u00e9e par une dictature, ont entre les mains des logiciels qui vont non seulement au-del\u00e0 des sc\u00e9narios apocalyptiques d\u00e9crits par George Orwell, mais aussi du \"Br\u00e9sil<\/em>\" de Terry Gilliam : D\u00e9sormais, un r\u00e9gime n'a plus besoin de d\u00e9couvrir que quelqu'un pr\u00e9pare un complot pour les isoler, les torturer, les condamner et les exterminer. L'\u00c9tat peut cr\u00e9er des preuves d'un simple clic d'ordinateur, en utilisant un logiciel qui en un milli\u00e8me de seconde condamnera chacun de nous et impliquera chacun de nos proches dans notre destruction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 o\u00f9 l'ali\u00e9nation de l'individu du contexte commun a d\u00e9j\u00e0 atteint des proportions inqui\u00e9tantes, les logiciels d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s et vendus par une petite poign\u00e9e de criminels totalement inconnus du public ont permis \u00e0 l'humanit\u00e9 de s'engager sur un chemin de non-retour : celui o\u00f9 il n'y a plus rien de vrai et de v\u00e9rifiable dans lequel chacun de nous doit douter de qui est autour de nous, et m\u00eame (et plus encore) nous-m\u00eames.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La faiblesse et la superficialit\u00e9 avec lesquelles les gouvernements occidentaux (en particulier les \u00c9tats-Unis, l'Allemagne et le Royaume-Uni) ont permis \u00e0 ce logiciel d'\u00eatre distribu\u00e9 \u00e0 travers la plan\u00e8te pour des calculs purement \u00e9go\u00efstes sont impardonnables et le signe que 75 ans apr\u00e8s la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale , 30 ans apr\u00e8s la fin de la guerre froide, et la peur d'un conflit nucl\u00e9aire lorsque la nature se rebelle contre la mani\u00e8re insens\u00e9e dont nous la d\u00e9truisons, les gens ont franchi la limite ultime \u2013 ceux dans lesquels l'ennemi qui tue ne vient pas de l'ext\u00e9rieur, mais de l'int\u00e9rieur \u2013 et est inexorable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/65-in-yuzbinleri-6335051<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/6554851.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/laik-turkiye-icin-caglayan-a-6426626<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/3-miting-3-mesaj-6462629<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/izmir-rekor-bekliyor-6495436<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/turkey-used-german-spy-software-on-opposition-politicians-and-activists\/a-43787769<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/en\/content\/turkish-spy-networks-control-opponents<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-39416954<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.birgun.net\/haber\/iddia-pelikancilar-hakan-fidan-gitsin-diyor-283382<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trthaber.com\/haber\/gundem\/iletisim-baskanligi-berat-albayrakin-gorevden-af-talebi-kabul-edilmistir-529559.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/europe\/russia-accuses-president-erdogan-s-son-law-being-linked-isis-oil-trade-a6761436.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2016\/09\/turkey-redhackers-daunt-the-erdogan-family.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepressproject.gr\/exclusive-wikileaks-documents-relations-erdogan-isis-oil-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.duvarenglish.com\/sport\/2020\/02\/10\/politics-in-stadiums-fenerbahce-fans-urge-minister-albayrak-to-keep-hands-off-football<\/a> ; https:\/\/odatv4.com\/fenerbahceliler-damata-karsi-ayaga-kalkti-02022031.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Intelligence Online, \u201cHakan Fidan close to ministerial promotion<\/em>\u201d, see in 2020.11.18 Hakan Fidan Minister<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-launches-project-to-train-1-million-software-developers-154081<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> 2017.04.13 T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mill%C3%AE_%C4%B0stihbarat_Te%C5%9Fkil%C3%A2t%C4%B1#Leitung<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> Hakan Fidan on Nexis, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/t24.com.tr\/haber\/adanada-3-tir-durduruldu-arama-yapiliyor,248707<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> 1000 colpi di mortaio, 1000 colpi di artiglieria, 50\u2019000 fucili d'assalto e 30\u2019000 munizioni per mitragliatrice \u2013 see in https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529223636\/http:\/\/www.aktifhaber.com\/devlet-sirri-denilen-mit-tirlari-ile-ilgili-tapeler-1053377h.htm#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.haber7.com\/guncel\/haber\/1121773-mit-tirlari-neden-durduruldu ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aljazeera.com.tr\/haber\/mit-tirlari-boyle-durduruldu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/bianet.org\/bianet\/insan-haklari\/155519-tir-lari-durdurmakla-suclanan-13-askere-muebbet-istendi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milliyet.com.tr\/gundem\/mit-tirlari-olayinda-yeni-gelisme-5-savci-gorevden-uzaklastirildi-1999064<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/erdogandan-canli-yayinda-can-dundara-tehdit-288885<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.faz.net\/aktuell\/politik\/ausland\/europa\/tuerkei\/tuerkei-kampf-gegen-die-soldaten-des-lichts-12715816.html?printPagedArticle=true#pageIndex_3<\/a> ; https:\/\/taz.de\/Wie-Guelen-zum-Staatsfeind-Nr-1-wurde\/!5323191\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2021\/02\/03\/son-dakika-istihbarattaki-fetocu-generalden-bomba-itiraflar-tegmen-rutbemi-fetullah-gulen-takti<\/a> ; https:\/\/tr.sputniknews.com\/turkiye\/202001211041211454-sozcu-ilker-basbugu-cezaevine-attiran-feto-mektubunu-acikliyoruz\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.genios.de\/presse-archiv\/artikel\/FAZ\/20171111\/jagd-auf-die-guelenisten\/FR1201711115279571.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nadir.org\/nadir\/initiativ\/isku\/hintergrund\/geheimdienste\/geheim994.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/tuerkischer-geheimdienst-liess-erdogan-gegner-in-deutschland-ausspionieren\/12027820.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article157778863\/Erdogans-Agenten-bedrohen-Tuerken-in-Deutschland.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html ;  https:\/\/www.derstandard.at\/story\/1397522175727\/geheimdienst-staat-tuerkei<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2020\/09\/turkey-austria-spy-nehammer-kurdish-clashes-protests-vienna.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/austria-turkey-espionage-int-idUSKBN25S4R5<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/10\/13\/world\/europe\/turkey-austria-erdogan-assassin.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/global-europe\/news\/flemish-minister-turkish-sponosred-mosque-is-nest-of-spies\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/07\/06\/influenced-by-gulenists-belgium-targets-turkish-mosques-fighting-extremism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/erdogan-critics-listed-by-turkish-embassy-in-prague-were-included-in-bogus-terrorism-probe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turk-greek-ties-strained-by-arson-row-10324<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-greece-germany-spying\/greek-police-arrest-german-on-suspicion-of-spying-idUSBRE97208820130803<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kathimerini.gr\/society\/896001\/istories-me-kataskopoys-sto-aigaio\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.larissanet.gr\/2019\/06\/21\/dikazetai-sti-rodo-kataskopos-tis-tourkias\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/ahvalnews.com\/mit\/turkish-intelligence-recruits-eu-retirees-spy-greece<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/04\/turkish-intelligence-operations-targeting-critics-in-greece-exposed-in-secret-documents\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/intelnews.org\/2016\/12\/09\/01-2023\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/more-secret-documents-confirming-vast-turkish-espionage-activities-in-greece-uncovered\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.skai.gr\/news\/greece\/dyo-syllipseis-ellinon-gia-kataskopeia-sti-rodo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-kosovo-security-turkey-idUSKBN1H70CC<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/opinion\/murat-yetkin\/turkish-intelligence-unveils-secret-codes-used-before-coup-attempt-103843<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2018\/09\/turkish-teachers-detained-moldova-gulen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/balkaninsight.com\/2018\/09\/06\/six-turkish-professors-detained-by-moldovan-secret-services-09-06-2018\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/turkeypurge.com\/turkey-spying-imams-active-also-in-norway<\/a> ; https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/turkeys-autocratic-president-erdogans-spying-profiling-expands-in-norway\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/kafila.org\/www-matthewaid-com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/report-sweden-launches-espionage-probe-into-turkish-govt-representatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/politics\/undiplomatic_swiss-eye-alleged-turkish-kidnapping-attempt\/43973170 ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/swiss-foreign-minister-warns-turkey-against-illegal-spying-111199 ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/eu-affairs\/2017\/05\/01\/as-anti-turkish-politics-grip-europe-turkish-swiss-policeman-arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-brings-key-feto-suspect-from-ukraine-to-turkey-134608<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.meforum.org\/60976\/turkish-spy-agency-mit-intelligence-gathering-australia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-court\/egypt-detains-29-people-on-suspicion-of-espionage-for-turkey-idUSKBN1DM1AN<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/33764\/In-Pictures-Egypt-foils-Turkish-espionage-attempt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-agency-brings-three-feto-members-from-gabon-to-turkey-130050<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/turkey\/turkish-intelligence-agency-rescues-a-kidnapped-italian-citizen-in-kenya-36192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20190807-libyan-national-army-turkish-intelligence-is-operating-in-tripoli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/11\/27\/senior-feto-figure-captured-by-turkish-intelligence-in-sudan\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

L'op\u00e9ration est dirig\u00e9e par Hakan Fidan, un ami proche d'Erdo\u011fan et chef du service de renseignement turc (MIT \u2013 Mill\u00ee \u0130stihbarat Te\u015fkil\u00e2t\u0131) : c'est un sergent qui, apr\u00e8s avoir rencontr\u00e9 le futur dictateur, a suivi sa carri\u00e8re de chef de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 personnelle puis progressivement atteint un cadre d'espionnage militaire, au point qu'en novembre 2020, suite \u00e0 la d\u00e9mission du gendre d'Erdo\u011fan, Berat Albayrak[6]<\/sup><\/a> (qui a financ\u00e9 l'EI dans le cadre de sa coop\u00e9ration avec l'Irak[7]<\/sup><\/a>, ainsi que sa participation au scandale de la manipulation des r\u00e9sultats de la Ligue turque de football a eu des ennuis)[8]<\/sup><\/a>, il est devenu le principal candidat \u00e0 la fonction du nouveau ministre des Finances[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Albayrak n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi pour ses comp\u00e9tences en \u00e9conomie, mais parce qu'il est le coordinateur de tout un projet de contr\u00f4le t\u00e9l\u00e9matique, pour lequel le r\u00e9gime, apr\u00e8s avoir form\u00e9 un million de hackers d'\u00c9tat, contr\u00f4lera toutes les transactions \u00e9conomiques de chaque entreprise et de chaque citoyen[10]<\/sup><\/a> : officiellement pour emp\u00eacher l\u2019\u00e9vasion fiscale. Le fait que Hakan Fidan soit \u00e0 la t\u00eate de ce nouveau minist\u00e8re depuis janvier 2021 rend tout clair et simple.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdo\u011fan a depuis transform\u00e9 le bureau du Premier ministre en une agence gouvernementale enregistr\u00e9e[11]<\/sup><\/a> qui contr\u00f4le certains consulats turcs \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger \u2013 comme Atlanta, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, Washington DC (USA), Burnaby (Canada) et Rabat (Maroc)[12]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 et de bien s\u00fbr le MIT[13]<\/sup><\/a> aussi. Dans chacune de ces agences, Hakan Fidan joue le r\u00f4le de directeur ex\u00e9cutif[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Peut-\u00eatre parce que le MIT n'est pas seulement actif en Turquie, mais partout dans le monde ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 19 janvier 2014, la gendarmerie turque a bloqu\u00e9 deux camions \u00e0 destination de la Syrie qui \u00e9taient pleins d'armes[15]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 des armes destin\u00e9es \u00e0 aider l'arm\u00e9e du califat (EI)[16]<\/sup><\/a> transport\u00e9es par des agents du MIT[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Erdo\u011fan a d'abord affirm\u00e9 qu'il s'agissait d'une aide humanitaire[18]<\/sup><\/a>, mais certains journalistes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 filmer le camion et le mensonge a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9couvert. R\u00e9sultat : les 13 gendarmes qui ont arr\u00eat\u00e9 les camions ont \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 de longues peines de prison[19]<\/sup><\/a> ; Les juges d'instruction ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9mis de leurs fonctions et inculp\u00e9s[20]<\/sup><\/a> ; les journalistes impliqu\u00e9s dans l'enregistrement ou la publication des informations ont \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq ans de prison[21]<\/sup><\/a>. La police a re\u00e7u de nouveaux ordres : n'emp\u00eachez jamais les v\u00e9hicules du MIT d'aller \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'une des t\u00e2ches du MIT est de combattre la secte Hizmet et son pr\u00e9dicateur Fethullah G\u00fclen (en tapant sur les t\u00e9l\u00e9phones et Internet, en traquant, en enlevant, en torturant, en assassinant[22]<\/sup><\/a>) en Turquie et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Cependant, la t\u00e2che principale du MIT est de combattre les opposants \u00e0 l'ext\u00e9rieur du pays. Environ 500 responsables du MIT et plus de 6000 informateurs sont actifs en Allemagne \u2013 une structure encore plus grande et plus puissante que STASI \u00e0 l'\u00e9poque de la RDA[24]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 dont le but n'est pas seulement d'observer et de signaler les citoyens turcs qui ont \u00e9migr\u00e9 en Europe, mais aussi d'intervenir physiquement[25]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'un des objectifs du MIT est d'intercepter les communications pour cr\u00e9er des preuves fictives contre les critiques du r\u00e9gime d'Ankara et pour justifier leur enl\u00e8vement et leur torture[26]<\/sup><\/a>. Une strat\u00e9gie que le MIT poursuit \u00e9galement dans plusieurs autres pays du monde \u2013 par exemple en Autriche[27]<\/sup><\/a>, Belgique[28]<\/sup><\/a>, R\u00e9publique tch\u00e8que[29]<\/sup><\/a>, France[30]<\/sup><\/a>, Gr\u00e8ce[31]<\/sup><\/a>, Kosovo[32]<\/sup><\/a>, Lituanie[33]<\/sup><\/a>, Moldavie[34]<\/sup><\/a>, Norv\u00e8ge[35]<\/sup><\/a>, Serbie[36]<\/sup><\/a>, Su\u00e8de[37]<\/sup><\/a>, Suisse[38]<\/sup><\/a>, Ukraine[39]<\/sup><\/a>, Royaume-Uni[40]<\/sup><\/a> , Australie[41]<\/sup><\/a>, \u00c9gypte[42]<\/sup><\/a>, Gabon[43]<\/sup><\/a>, Kenya[44]<\/sup><\/a>, Libye[45]<\/sup><\/a>, Soudan[46]<\/sup><\/a>, \u00c9tats-Unis[47]<\/sup><\/a>, Arm\u00e9nie[48]<\/sup><\/a>, Azerba\u00efdjan[49]<\/sup><\/a>, G\u00e9orgie[50]<\/sup><\/a>, Irak[51]<\/sup><\/a>, Malaisie[52]<\/sup><\/a>, Mongolie[53]<\/sup><\/a>, Pakistan[54]<\/sup><\/a> et Syrie, o\u00f9 le gouvernement turc se bat avec sa propre arm\u00e9e et soutient l'EI[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Technologie allemande pour le tortionnaire d'Erdo\u011fan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Comment fonctionne l'application FishSpy de FinFisher GmbH \u00e0 Munich \u2013 le c\u0153ur battant du syst\u00e8me d'espionnage turc du MIT<\/sub><\/strong>[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le syst\u00e8me complexe de contr\u00f4le, de piratage, d'interception et de falsification n\u00e9cessaire pour surveiller des millions de personnes n'est pas un jouet. Des ONG de toute l'Europe recherchent qui a d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 une telle technologie et l'a trouv\u00e9e en Allemagne \u2013 elle s'appelle FinSpy et est produite par trois soci\u00e9t\u00e9s du groupe Gamma International : FinFisher GmbH Munich, FinFisher Labs GmbH Munich et Elaman GmbH Munich. Quatre organisations ont pu le prouver \u00e0 la justice allemande[57]<\/sup><\/a> : Reporters sans fronti\u00e8res de Berlin (actif dans toute l'Europe, principalement pr\u00e9occup\u00e9 par la libert\u00e9 de la presse[58]<\/sup><\/a>), GFF Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Freiheitsrechte de Berlin (tr\u00e8s active dans la surveillance des activit\u00e9s ill\u00e9gales du BND et d'autres services secrets allemands[59]<\/sup><\/a>), Netzpolitik.org \u00e0 Berlin (un journal en ligne[60]<\/sup><\/a>) et le Centre europ\u00e9en pour la Constitution et les droits de l'homme \u00e0 Berlin[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le parquet de Munich lance une enqu\u00eate p\u00e9nale sur la base des preuves pr\u00e9sent\u00e9es par ces ONG : les entreprises bavaroises susmentionn\u00e9es ont viol\u00e9 la loi sur le commerce ext\u00e9rieur[62]<\/sup><\/a> sur au moins six points et ont non seulement vendu FinSpy \u00e0 la Turquie, mais aussi aux gouvernements de nombreux autres pays, y compris Bahre\u00efn, l'\u00c9gypte, l'\u00c9thiopie, la Libye, le Kazakhstan, l'Arabie saoudite et le Venezuela[63]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 tous des pays qui soul\u00e8vent de graves pr\u00e9occupations quant \u00e0 la nature d\u00e9mocratique du syst\u00e8me politique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enqu\u00eate a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que ces trois soci\u00e9t\u00e9s n'en \u00e9taient qu'\u00e0 l'origine une, Gamma International UK Ltd. Winchester, contre qui une enqu\u00eate ouverte en 2013 par les autorit\u00e9s judiciaires britanniques[64]<\/sup><\/a> a \u00e9t\u00e9 bloqu\u00e9e, qui aurait mis l'entreprise sur la liste noire de l'OCDE[65]<\/sup><\/a> fin 2016 \u2013 une mesure qui interdit \u00e0 quiconque dans le monde de faire affaire avec ce groupe industriel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enqu\u00eate britannique s'est limit\u00e9e \u00e0 l'analyse de la vente de FinSpy \u00e0 Bahre\u00efn, tandis que l'enqu\u00eate allemande, accompagn\u00e9e d'un grand nombre de t\u00e9moignages de victimes de la terreur du r\u00e9gime d'Erdo\u011fan en Turquie et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, va beaucoup plus loin et constate que FinSpy a \u00e9t\u00e9 vendu ill\u00e9galement dans 36 pays[66]<\/sup><\/a>, il y a d'\u00e9normes centres de stockage de donn\u00e9es dans 11 pays[67]<\/sup><\/a>, de sorte qu'on soup\u00e7onne maintenant qu'il y a beaucoup d'autres crimes cach\u00e9s derri\u00e8re les faits connus[68]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est pourquoi le parquet de Munich a ordonn\u00e9 une perquisition des locaux de la capitale bavaroise, mais aussi de la branche roumaine du groupe Gamma International[69]<\/sup><\/a>, en octobre 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il est presque impossible de se d\u00e9fendre contre FinSpy : le malware s'installe avec de fausses mises \u00e0 jour d\u00e9guis\u00e9es en officielles, via des e-mails avec de fausses pi\u00e8ces jointes ou \u00e0 travers des failles de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans le logiciel \u2013 comme Avira[70]<\/sup><\/a> ou iTunes d'Apple \u2013 et ensuite via les fausses plates-formes du principaux moteurs de recherche, installations Mac et Linux[71]<\/sup><\/a>, programmes de messagerie \u00e9lectronique, r\u00e9seaux sociaux, sites Web pour les achats en ligne[72]<\/sup><\/a>. L\u00e0 o\u00f9 le malware de Gamma International ne parvient pas, celui de l'\u00e9quipe de piratage de David Vincenzetti[73]<\/sup><\/a> est l\u00e0[74]<\/sup><\/a>. Mais cette soci\u00e9t\u00e9 n'est plus l\u00e0, Gamma l'a surpass\u00e9e, ses fondateurs sont r\u00e9partis dans de nombreuses petites entreprises[75]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re les poup\u00e9es Matriochka?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

En 2015, le Citizen Lab Institute de Toronto avait identifi\u00e9 35 pays qui utilisaient ill\u00e9galement les applications du groupe Gamma \/ FinFisher<\/sub><\/strong>[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enqu\u00eate du parquet de Munich laisse un go\u00fbt un peu amer dans la bouche: comment est-il possible qu'une plainte de quatre ONG ait \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9cessaire pour enqu\u00eate ? Il est logique que le soup\u00e7on d'hypocrisie surgisse, surtout en sachant que les services secrets allemands (BND) avaient d\u00e9cern\u00e9 \u00e0 Stephan Oelkers de Gamma International les Big Brother Awards en 2012, car Gamma \u00e9tait \u00ab la meilleure entreprise au monde intrusion de syst\u00e8mes informatiques et installation de logiciels de surveillance<\/em> (...) Gamma propose ses services sur son site Internet \u2013 bien que le d\u00e9veloppement et la distribution de ce type de logiciel espion soient interdits par le droit p\u00e9nal allemand (Par. 282c StGB). Cependant, cela ne s'applique qu'aux clients priv\u00e9s, pas aux ventes aux autorit\u00e9s nationales ou \u00e0 la police secr\u00e8te d'une dictature \u00e9trang\u00e8re. C'est la raison pour laquelle le parquet de Munich a refus\u00e9 d'engager une proc\u00e9dure p\u00e9nale contre Gamma<\/em> \u00bb[77]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref : tout le monde savait tout, mais il y a huit ans, le procureur de Munich pensait que c'\u00e9tait une bagatelle tant que cette technologie monstrueuse \u00e9tait utilis\u00e9e par les dictatures pour opprimer leur propre peuple.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour \u00eatre pr\u00e9cis, nous en savons beaucoup sur les activit\u00e9s ill\u00e9gales de ce groupe depuis 1973 (lorsque les ordinateurs \u00e9taient des jouets et que l'espionnage consistait \u00e0 infiltrer des hommes louches dans des salles secr\u00e8tes \u00e0 l'aide d'un appareil microfilmant des documents interdits) de personnes dispers\u00e9es dans la campagne anglaise, dans le port de Hambourg, dans la capitale bavaroise ou dans les bidonvilles du Cap Town. L'histoire commence par un c\u00e2ble que l'ambassade am\u00e9ricaine \u00e0 Bonn a envoy\u00e9 aux autorit\u00e9s f\u00e9d\u00e9rales \u2013 un message signalant les activit\u00e9s suspectes d'un d\u00e9taillant d'\u00e9lectronique n\u00e9erlandais bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Hambourg, Peter Kluever[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La CIA d\u00e9cide d'investir dans cet homme, tout comme l'arm\u00e9e allemande. En 1981, ses deux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s PK Electronics et PKI Electronic Intelligence GmbH avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 des contrats avec le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. En 1983, le prince h\u00e9ritier d'Arabie saoudite, Abdullah Ibn Nasir IBn Abd al-Asis Al Sa'ud, visite Hambourg et les g\u00e9n\u00e9raux allemands lui montrent les effets de l'utilisation de la technologie Kluever sur l'efficacit\u00e9 et la cadence de tir des chars L\u00e9opard \u2013 qui le gouvernement de Moved Riyadh pour acqu\u00e9rir cette technologie[79]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 1987, Oelkers s'est envol\u00e9 pour P\u00e9kin pour une d\u00e9monstration de ses nouvelles puces et a ravi les g\u00e9n\u00e9raux chinois qui sont devenus une partie de sa client\u00e8le[80]<\/sup><\/a>. Dans le cadre des accords sign\u00e9s avec les \u00c9tats-Unis, \u00e0 partir de 1985, Kluever a vendu une technologie d'espionnage am\u00e9ricaine tr\u00e8s moderne (d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e par l'Ocean Applied Research Corporation \u00e0 San Diego[81]<\/sup><\/a> et distribu\u00e9e par le groupe CompuDyne Corporation en Pennsylvanie[82]<\/sup><\/a>) \u00e0 Muhammar Ghaddafi en Libye, \u00e0 Hafiz Al -Assad en Syrie, \u00e0 Haji Mohammad Suharto en Indon\u00e9sie \u2013 les trois pr\u00e9sidents l'utilisent pour intercepter les appels t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques et les \u00e9missions radio des opposants, des arm\u00e9es \u00e9trang\u00e8res et des groupes rebelles[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En vieillissant, Kluever vendra son entreprise (le PK Electronics Group \u00e0 Hambourg) \u00e0 deux ing\u00e9nieurs, l'Allemand Stephan Oelkers et l'Anglais William Louthean Nelson. Ce dernier avait commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 diriger le bureau de P\u00e9kin en 1985 et avait cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre soci\u00e9t\u00e9, Personal Protection Products Ltd. Hong Kong[84]<\/sup><\/a>, en 1992, qui jusqu'en 1994, via sa filiale de Hull[85]<\/sup><\/a>, vendait des dispositifs d'\u00e9coute utilis\u00e9s par les services secrets britanniques pour combattre l'IRA en Ulster[86]<\/sup><\/a>. Lorsque Kluever prendra sa retraite, PK Electronics sera transmis \u00e0 William Nelson et \u00e0 son fils Louthean John Alexander Nelson, les fondateurs du groupe Gamma International[87]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le sch\u00e9ma des participations du Groupe Gamma International ainsi que des personnes et soci\u00e9t\u00e9s associ\u00e9es \u2013 \u00a9 IBI World Ltd. London<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une nouvelle \u00e8re commence dans laquelle les anciennes \u00e9coutes t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques seront bient\u00f4t surmont\u00e9es et oubli\u00e9es. Le jeune Louthean commence \u00e0 travailler avec Niels J\u00f8rgen Tobiasen et ses deux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s : The CBRN Team Ltd. Londres[88]<\/sup><\/a> et The Phoenix Hazard Training Ltd. Darlington[89]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est une op\u00e9ration industrielle qui est n\u00e9e d'un contrat de fourniture d'armes chimiques, biologiques, radiologiques et nucl\u00e9aires \u00e0 l'Ouganda[90]<\/sup><\/a> qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9goci\u00e9 avec un membre du gouvernement, Ananias Tumukunde, qui avait accept\u00e9 un pot-de-vin de 40000 \u00a3[91]<\/sup><\/a>. Une op\u00e9ration qui s'est termin\u00e9e par l'arrestation de Tumukunde \u00e0 Kampala et de Tobiasen \u00e0 Londres en juillet 2007[92]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au cours de ces ann\u00e9es, Louthean Nelson a \u00e9galement tent\u00e9 de faciliter une collaboration avec l'\u00e9quipe de piratage de David Vincenzetti : avec l'un des meilleurs hackers du groupe milanais, Alberto Pelliccione, Nelson a essay\u00e9 apr\u00e8s un certain temps de trouver un syst\u00e8me pour pirater les appareils Nokia \u2013 mais Pelliccione change d\u2019avis quand il d\u00e9couvre que Nelson a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 livrer des armes aux pays touch\u00e9s par les sanctions internationales par l'interm\u00e9diaire d'une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qui a maintenant \u00e9t\u00e9 liquid\u00e9e, Cyan Engineering Services SAL Beirut[93]<\/sup><\/a>. Quelque chose avec lequel Pelliccione ne veut rien avoir \u00e0 voir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'entreprise suivante est peut-\u00eatre encore plus \u00e9tonnante : Nelson fonde Elaman et d\u00e9localise certaines activit\u00e9s en Suisse[94]<\/sup><\/a> parce qu'il fait de nouveau affaire avec l'ancien partenaire de son p\u00e8re, Stephan Oelkers. Oelkers a convaincu Nelson de d\u00e9placer son centre d'op\u00e9rations de Hambourg \u00e0 Munich et d'accepter un nouveau partenaire, Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt. Cela devrait travailler avec les services secrets autrichiens[95]<\/sup><\/a> et tenter de reprendre la station de Bad Aibling \u00e0 la NSA (American Military Intelligence)[96]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est une tentation imposante et extr\u00eamement symbolique : la station d'interception de Bad Aibling est n\u00e9e en 1936 comme a\u00e9roport militaire et centre radar de la Luftwaffe, et \u00e0 la fin de la guerre, l'arm\u00e9e am\u00e9ricaine l'a convertie en camp de transit pour les prisonniers de guerre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s et victimes des camps de concentration nationaux-socialistes. Un camp de concentration tr\u00e8s c\u00e9l\u00e8bre que les \u00e9crivains G\u00fcnther Grass et Joseph Ratzinger (le futur pape Beno\u00eet XVI)[97]<\/sup><\/a> ont travers\u00e9. De 1952 jusqu'\u00e0 la fermeture, demand\u00e9e par l'Union europ\u00e9enne en 2001 et r\u00e9alis\u00e9e en 2004 (officiellement, puisque l'installation \u00e9tait toujours en activit\u00e9 en 2013[98]<\/sup><\/a>), la NSA de Bad Aibling a assembl\u00e9 ses syst\u00e8mes Echelon[99]<\/sup><\/a> pour intercepter les communications t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques du plan\u00e8te enti\u00e8re[100]<\/sup><\/a>. La prise de contr\u00f4le de la station NSA aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 la cons\u00e9cration de Nelson et de ses employ\u00e9s \u00e0 une entreprise d'importance mondiale et au pouvoir presque illimit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les n\u00e9gociations n'\u00e9taient pas termin\u00e9es lorsque FinFisher a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 vendre son FinSpy \u00e0 la Turquie et le monde entier a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 voir le danger. Apr\u00e8s les recherches \u00e0 Munich, en Suisse et en Roumanie, Nelson a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 liquider toutes les entreprises le plus rapidement possible: certaines d'entre elles (Computplus Ltd., G2 Systems Ltd., Gamma 2000 Ltd., Gamma 2000 Waste Management Ltd., Gamma International (UK) Ltd.) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 liquid\u00e9s d\u00e9but f\u00e9vrier 2021 au moment de la r\u00e9daction de cet article[101]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'y a pas de retour en arri\u00e8re<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

14 avril 2007 : Plus d'un million de citoyens pacifiques protestent contre l'abolition de la libert\u00e9 et contre un r\u00e9gime qui a transform\u00e9 leur patrie en un enfer d'oppression, de violence et de mis\u00e8re. Une sc\u00e8ne d'humanit\u00e9 passionnante qui pourrait difficilement \u00eatre r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9e<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, cela ne change pas la substance des choses. Aujourd'hui, f\u00e9vrier 2021, le gouvernement et ses agences de renseignement dans au moins 40 pays \u00e0 travers le monde, dont la grande majorit\u00e9 est dirig\u00e9e par une dictature, ont entre les mains des logiciels qui vont non seulement au-del\u00e0 des sc\u00e9narios apocalyptiques d\u00e9crits par George Orwell, mais aussi du \"Br\u00e9sil<\/em>\" de Terry Gilliam : D\u00e9sormais, un r\u00e9gime n'a plus besoin de d\u00e9couvrir que quelqu'un pr\u00e9pare un complot pour les isoler, les torturer, les condamner et les exterminer. L'\u00c9tat peut cr\u00e9er des preuves d'un simple clic d'ordinateur, en utilisant un logiciel qui en un milli\u00e8me de seconde condamnera chacun de nous et impliquera chacun de nos proches dans notre destruction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 o\u00f9 l'ali\u00e9nation de l'individu du contexte commun a d\u00e9j\u00e0 atteint des proportions inqui\u00e9tantes, les logiciels d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s et vendus par une petite poign\u00e9e de criminels totalement inconnus du public ont permis \u00e0 l'humanit\u00e9 de s'engager sur un chemin de non-retour : celui o\u00f9 il n'y a plus rien de vrai et de v\u00e9rifiable dans lequel chacun de nous doit douter de qui est autour de nous, et m\u00eame (et plus encore) nous-m\u00eames.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La faiblesse et la superficialit\u00e9 avec lesquelles les gouvernements occidentaux (en particulier les \u00c9tats-Unis, l'Allemagne et le Royaume-Uni) ont permis \u00e0 ce logiciel d'\u00eatre distribu\u00e9 \u00e0 travers la plan\u00e8te pour des calculs purement \u00e9go\u00efstes sont impardonnables et le signe que 75 ans apr\u00e8s la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale , 30 ans apr\u00e8s la fin de la guerre froide, et la peur d'un conflit nucl\u00e9aire lorsque la nature se rebelle contre la mani\u00e8re insens\u00e9e dont nous la d\u00e9truisons, les gens ont franchi la limite ultime \u2013 ceux dans lesquels l'ennemi qui tue ne vient pas de l'ext\u00e9rieur, mais de l'int\u00e9rieur \u2013 et est inexorable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/65-in-yuzbinleri-6335051<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/6554851.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/laik-turkiye-icin-caglayan-a-6426626<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/3-miting-3-mesaj-6462629<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/izmir-rekor-bekliyor-6495436<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/turkey-used-german-spy-software-on-opposition-politicians-and-activists\/a-43787769<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/en\/content\/turkish-spy-networks-control-opponents<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-39416954<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.birgun.net\/haber\/iddia-pelikancilar-hakan-fidan-gitsin-diyor-283382<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trthaber.com\/haber\/gundem\/iletisim-baskanligi-berat-albayrakin-gorevden-af-talebi-kabul-edilmistir-529559.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/europe\/russia-accuses-president-erdogan-s-son-law-being-linked-isis-oil-trade-a6761436.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2016\/09\/turkey-redhackers-daunt-the-erdogan-family.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepressproject.gr\/exclusive-wikileaks-documents-relations-erdogan-isis-oil-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.duvarenglish.com\/sport\/2020\/02\/10\/politics-in-stadiums-fenerbahce-fans-urge-minister-albayrak-to-keep-hands-off-football<\/a> ; https:\/\/odatv4.com\/fenerbahceliler-damata-karsi-ayaga-kalkti-02022031.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Intelligence Online, \u201cHakan Fidan close to ministerial promotion<\/em>\u201d, see in 2020.11.18 Hakan Fidan Minister<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-launches-project-to-train-1-million-software-developers-154081<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> 2017.04.13 T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mill%C3%AE_%C4%B0stihbarat_Te%C5%9Fkil%C3%A2t%C4%B1#Leitung<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> Hakan Fidan on Nexis, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/t24.com.tr\/haber\/adanada-3-tir-durduruldu-arama-yapiliyor,248707<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> 1000 colpi di mortaio, 1000 colpi di artiglieria, 50\u2019000 fucili d'assalto e 30\u2019000 munizioni per mitragliatrice \u2013 see in https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529223636\/http:\/\/www.aktifhaber.com\/devlet-sirri-denilen-mit-tirlari-ile-ilgili-tapeler-1053377h.htm#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.haber7.com\/guncel\/haber\/1121773-mit-tirlari-neden-durduruldu ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aljazeera.com.tr\/haber\/mit-tirlari-boyle-durduruldu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/bianet.org\/bianet\/insan-haklari\/155519-tir-lari-durdurmakla-suclanan-13-askere-muebbet-istendi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milliyet.com.tr\/gundem\/mit-tirlari-olayinda-yeni-gelisme-5-savci-gorevden-uzaklastirildi-1999064<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/erdogandan-canli-yayinda-can-dundara-tehdit-288885<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.faz.net\/aktuell\/politik\/ausland\/europa\/tuerkei\/tuerkei-kampf-gegen-die-soldaten-des-lichts-12715816.html?printPagedArticle=true#pageIndex_3<\/a> ; https:\/\/taz.de\/Wie-Guelen-zum-Staatsfeind-Nr-1-wurde\/!5323191\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2021\/02\/03\/son-dakika-istihbarattaki-fetocu-generalden-bomba-itiraflar-tegmen-rutbemi-fetullah-gulen-takti<\/a> ; https:\/\/tr.sputniknews.com\/turkiye\/202001211041211454-sozcu-ilker-basbugu-cezaevine-attiran-feto-mektubunu-acikliyoruz\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.genios.de\/presse-archiv\/artikel\/FAZ\/20171111\/jagd-auf-die-guelenisten\/FR1201711115279571.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nadir.org\/nadir\/initiativ\/isku\/hintergrund\/geheimdienste\/geheim994.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/tuerkischer-geheimdienst-liess-erdogan-gegner-in-deutschland-ausspionieren\/12027820.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article157778863\/Erdogans-Agenten-bedrohen-Tuerken-in-Deutschland.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html ;  https:\/\/www.derstandard.at\/story\/1397522175727\/geheimdienst-staat-tuerkei<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2020\/09\/turkey-austria-spy-nehammer-kurdish-clashes-protests-vienna.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/austria-turkey-espionage-int-idUSKBN25S4R5<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/10\/13\/world\/europe\/turkey-austria-erdogan-assassin.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/global-europe\/news\/flemish-minister-turkish-sponosred-mosque-is-nest-of-spies\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/07\/06\/influenced-by-gulenists-belgium-targets-turkish-mosques-fighting-extremism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/erdogan-critics-listed-by-turkish-embassy-in-prague-were-included-in-bogus-terrorism-probe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turk-greek-ties-strained-by-arson-row-10324<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-greece-germany-spying\/greek-police-arrest-german-on-suspicion-of-spying-idUSBRE97208820130803<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kathimerini.gr\/society\/896001\/istories-me-kataskopoys-sto-aigaio\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.larissanet.gr\/2019\/06\/21\/dikazetai-sti-rodo-kataskopos-tis-tourkias\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/ahvalnews.com\/mit\/turkish-intelligence-recruits-eu-retirees-spy-greece<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/04\/turkish-intelligence-operations-targeting-critics-in-greece-exposed-in-secret-documents\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/intelnews.org\/2016\/12\/09\/01-2023\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/more-secret-documents-confirming-vast-turkish-espionage-activities-in-greece-uncovered\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.skai.gr\/news\/greece\/dyo-syllipseis-ellinon-gia-kataskopeia-sti-rodo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-kosovo-security-turkey-idUSKBN1H70CC<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/opinion\/murat-yetkin\/turkish-intelligence-unveils-secret-codes-used-before-coup-attempt-103843<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2018\/09\/turkish-teachers-detained-moldova-gulen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/balkaninsight.com\/2018\/09\/06\/six-turkish-professors-detained-by-moldovan-secret-services-09-06-2018\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/turkeypurge.com\/turkey-spying-imams-active-also-in-norway<\/a> ; https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/turkeys-autocratic-president-erdogans-spying-profiling-expands-in-norway\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/kafila.org\/www-matthewaid-com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/report-sweden-launches-espionage-probe-into-turkish-govt-representatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/politics\/undiplomatic_swiss-eye-alleged-turkish-kidnapping-attempt\/43973170 ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/swiss-foreign-minister-warns-turkey-against-illegal-spying-111199 ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/eu-affairs\/2017\/05\/01\/as-anti-turkish-politics-grip-europe-turkish-swiss-policeman-arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-brings-key-feto-suspect-from-ukraine-to-turkey-134608<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.meforum.org\/60976\/turkish-spy-agency-mit-intelligence-gathering-australia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-court\/egypt-detains-29-people-on-suspicion-of-espionage-for-turkey-idUSKBN1DM1AN<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/33764\/In-Pictures-Egypt-foils-Turkish-espionage-attempt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-agency-brings-three-feto-members-from-gabon-to-turkey-130050<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/turkey\/turkish-intelligence-agency-rescues-a-kidnapped-italian-citizen-in-kenya-36192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20190807-libyan-national-army-turkish-intelligence-is-operating-in-tripoli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/11\/27\/senior-feto-figure-captured-by-turkish-intelligence-in-sudan\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Hakan Fidan (\u00e0 gauche), Bayrat Albarak (au centre) et Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan (\u00e0 droite), les directeurs de la terreur t\u00e9l\u00e9matique d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par le gouvernement d'Ankara<\/sub><\/strong>[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'op\u00e9ration est dirig\u00e9e par Hakan Fidan, un ami proche d'Erdo\u011fan et chef du service de renseignement turc (MIT \u2013 Mill\u00ee \u0130stihbarat Te\u015fkil\u00e2t\u0131) : c'est un sergent qui, apr\u00e8s avoir rencontr\u00e9 le futur dictateur, a suivi sa carri\u00e8re de chef de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 personnelle puis progressivement atteint un cadre d'espionnage militaire, au point qu'en novembre 2020, suite \u00e0 la d\u00e9mission du gendre d'Erdo\u011fan, Berat Albayrak[6]<\/sup><\/a> (qui a financ\u00e9 l'EI dans le cadre de sa coop\u00e9ration avec l'Irak[7]<\/sup><\/a>, ainsi que sa participation au scandale de la manipulation des r\u00e9sultats de la Ligue turque de football a eu des ennuis)[8]<\/sup><\/a>, il est devenu le principal candidat \u00e0 la fonction du nouveau ministre des Finances[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Albayrak n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi pour ses comp\u00e9tences en \u00e9conomie, mais parce qu'il est le coordinateur de tout un projet de contr\u00f4le t\u00e9l\u00e9matique, pour lequel le r\u00e9gime, apr\u00e8s avoir form\u00e9 un million de hackers d'\u00c9tat, contr\u00f4lera toutes les transactions \u00e9conomiques de chaque entreprise et de chaque citoyen[10]<\/sup><\/a> : officiellement pour emp\u00eacher l\u2019\u00e9vasion fiscale. Le fait que Hakan Fidan soit \u00e0 la t\u00eate de ce nouveau minist\u00e8re depuis janvier 2021 rend tout clair et simple.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdo\u011fan a depuis transform\u00e9 le bureau du Premier ministre en une agence gouvernementale enregistr\u00e9e[11]<\/sup><\/a> qui contr\u00f4le certains consulats turcs \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger \u2013 comme Atlanta, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, Washington DC (USA), Burnaby (Canada) et Rabat (Maroc)[12]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 et de bien s\u00fbr le MIT[13]<\/sup><\/a> aussi. Dans chacune de ces agences, Hakan Fidan joue le r\u00f4le de directeur ex\u00e9cutif[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Peut-\u00eatre parce que le MIT n'est pas seulement actif en Turquie, mais partout dans le monde ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 19 janvier 2014, la gendarmerie turque a bloqu\u00e9 deux camions \u00e0 destination de la Syrie qui \u00e9taient pleins d'armes[15]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 des armes destin\u00e9es \u00e0 aider l'arm\u00e9e du califat (EI)[16]<\/sup><\/a> transport\u00e9es par des agents du MIT[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Erdo\u011fan a d'abord affirm\u00e9 qu'il s'agissait d'une aide humanitaire[18]<\/sup><\/a>, mais certains journalistes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 filmer le camion et le mensonge a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9couvert. R\u00e9sultat : les 13 gendarmes qui ont arr\u00eat\u00e9 les camions ont \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 de longues peines de prison[19]<\/sup><\/a> ; Les juges d'instruction ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9mis de leurs fonctions et inculp\u00e9s[20]<\/sup><\/a> ; les journalistes impliqu\u00e9s dans l'enregistrement ou la publication des informations ont \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq ans de prison[21]<\/sup><\/a>. La police a re\u00e7u de nouveaux ordres : n'emp\u00eachez jamais les v\u00e9hicules du MIT d'aller \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'une des t\u00e2ches du MIT est de combattre la secte Hizmet et son pr\u00e9dicateur Fethullah G\u00fclen (en tapant sur les t\u00e9l\u00e9phones et Internet, en traquant, en enlevant, en torturant, en assassinant[22]<\/sup><\/a>) en Turquie et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Cependant, la t\u00e2che principale du MIT est de combattre les opposants \u00e0 l'ext\u00e9rieur du pays. Environ 500 responsables du MIT et plus de 6000 informateurs sont actifs en Allemagne \u2013 une structure encore plus grande et plus puissante que STASI \u00e0 l'\u00e9poque de la RDA[24]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 dont le but n'est pas seulement d'observer et de signaler les citoyens turcs qui ont \u00e9migr\u00e9 en Europe, mais aussi d'intervenir physiquement[25]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'un des objectifs du MIT est d'intercepter les communications pour cr\u00e9er des preuves fictives contre les critiques du r\u00e9gime d'Ankara et pour justifier leur enl\u00e8vement et leur torture[26]<\/sup><\/a>. Une strat\u00e9gie que le MIT poursuit \u00e9galement dans plusieurs autres pays du monde \u2013 par exemple en Autriche[27]<\/sup><\/a>, Belgique[28]<\/sup><\/a>, R\u00e9publique tch\u00e8que[29]<\/sup><\/a>, France[30]<\/sup><\/a>, Gr\u00e8ce[31]<\/sup><\/a>, Kosovo[32]<\/sup><\/a>, Lituanie[33]<\/sup><\/a>, Moldavie[34]<\/sup><\/a>, Norv\u00e8ge[35]<\/sup><\/a>, Serbie[36]<\/sup><\/a>, Su\u00e8de[37]<\/sup><\/a>, Suisse[38]<\/sup><\/a>, Ukraine[39]<\/sup><\/a>, Royaume-Uni[40]<\/sup><\/a> , Australie[41]<\/sup><\/a>, \u00c9gypte[42]<\/sup><\/a>, Gabon[43]<\/sup><\/a>, Kenya[44]<\/sup><\/a>, Libye[45]<\/sup><\/a>, Soudan[46]<\/sup><\/a>, \u00c9tats-Unis[47]<\/sup><\/a>, Arm\u00e9nie[48]<\/sup><\/a>, Azerba\u00efdjan[49]<\/sup><\/a>, G\u00e9orgie[50]<\/sup><\/a>, Irak[51]<\/sup><\/a>, Malaisie[52]<\/sup><\/a>, Mongolie[53]<\/sup><\/a>, Pakistan[54]<\/sup><\/a> et Syrie, o\u00f9 le gouvernement turc se bat avec sa propre arm\u00e9e et soutient l'EI[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Technologie allemande pour le tortionnaire d'Erdo\u011fan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Comment fonctionne l'application FishSpy de FinFisher GmbH \u00e0 Munich \u2013 le c\u0153ur battant du syst\u00e8me d'espionnage turc du MIT<\/sub><\/strong>[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le syst\u00e8me complexe de contr\u00f4le, de piratage, d'interception et de falsification n\u00e9cessaire pour surveiller des millions de personnes n'est pas un jouet. Des ONG de toute l'Europe recherchent qui a d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 une telle technologie et l'a trouv\u00e9e en Allemagne \u2013 elle s'appelle FinSpy et est produite par trois soci\u00e9t\u00e9s du groupe Gamma International : FinFisher GmbH Munich, FinFisher Labs GmbH Munich et Elaman GmbH Munich. Quatre organisations ont pu le prouver \u00e0 la justice allemande[57]<\/sup><\/a> : Reporters sans fronti\u00e8res de Berlin (actif dans toute l'Europe, principalement pr\u00e9occup\u00e9 par la libert\u00e9 de la presse[58]<\/sup><\/a>), GFF Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Freiheitsrechte de Berlin (tr\u00e8s active dans la surveillance des activit\u00e9s ill\u00e9gales du BND et d'autres services secrets allemands[59]<\/sup><\/a>), Netzpolitik.org \u00e0 Berlin (un journal en ligne[60]<\/sup><\/a>) et le Centre europ\u00e9en pour la Constitution et les droits de l'homme \u00e0 Berlin[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le parquet de Munich lance une enqu\u00eate p\u00e9nale sur la base des preuves pr\u00e9sent\u00e9es par ces ONG : les entreprises bavaroises susmentionn\u00e9es ont viol\u00e9 la loi sur le commerce ext\u00e9rieur[62]<\/sup><\/a> sur au moins six points et ont non seulement vendu FinSpy \u00e0 la Turquie, mais aussi aux gouvernements de nombreux autres pays, y compris Bahre\u00efn, l'\u00c9gypte, l'\u00c9thiopie, la Libye, le Kazakhstan, l'Arabie saoudite et le Venezuela[63]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 tous des pays qui soul\u00e8vent de graves pr\u00e9occupations quant \u00e0 la nature d\u00e9mocratique du syst\u00e8me politique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enqu\u00eate a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que ces trois soci\u00e9t\u00e9s n'en \u00e9taient qu'\u00e0 l'origine une, Gamma International UK Ltd. Winchester, contre qui une enqu\u00eate ouverte en 2013 par les autorit\u00e9s judiciaires britanniques[64]<\/sup><\/a> a \u00e9t\u00e9 bloqu\u00e9e, qui aurait mis l'entreprise sur la liste noire de l'OCDE[65]<\/sup><\/a> fin 2016 \u2013 une mesure qui interdit \u00e0 quiconque dans le monde de faire affaire avec ce groupe industriel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enqu\u00eate britannique s'est limit\u00e9e \u00e0 l'analyse de la vente de FinSpy \u00e0 Bahre\u00efn, tandis que l'enqu\u00eate allemande, accompagn\u00e9e d'un grand nombre de t\u00e9moignages de victimes de la terreur du r\u00e9gime d'Erdo\u011fan en Turquie et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, va beaucoup plus loin et constate que FinSpy a \u00e9t\u00e9 vendu ill\u00e9galement dans 36 pays[66]<\/sup><\/a>, il y a d'\u00e9normes centres de stockage de donn\u00e9es dans 11 pays[67]<\/sup><\/a>, de sorte qu'on soup\u00e7onne maintenant qu'il y a beaucoup d'autres crimes cach\u00e9s derri\u00e8re les faits connus[68]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est pourquoi le parquet de Munich a ordonn\u00e9 une perquisition des locaux de la capitale bavaroise, mais aussi de la branche roumaine du groupe Gamma International[69]<\/sup><\/a>, en octobre 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il est presque impossible de se d\u00e9fendre contre FinSpy : le malware s'installe avec de fausses mises \u00e0 jour d\u00e9guis\u00e9es en officielles, via des e-mails avec de fausses pi\u00e8ces jointes ou \u00e0 travers des failles de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans le logiciel \u2013 comme Avira[70]<\/sup><\/a> ou iTunes d'Apple \u2013 et ensuite via les fausses plates-formes du principaux moteurs de recherche, installations Mac et Linux[71]<\/sup><\/a>, programmes de messagerie \u00e9lectronique, r\u00e9seaux sociaux, sites Web pour les achats en ligne[72]<\/sup><\/a>. L\u00e0 o\u00f9 le malware de Gamma International ne parvient pas, celui de l'\u00e9quipe de piratage de David Vincenzetti[73]<\/sup><\/a> est l\u00e0[74]<\/sup><\/a>. Mais cette soci\u00e9t\u00e9 n'est plus l\u00e0, Gamma l'a surpass\u00e9e, ses fondateurs sont r\u00e9partis dans de nombreuses petites entreprises[75]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re les poup\u00e9es Matriochka?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

En 2015, le Citizen Lab Institute de Toronto avait identifi\u00e9 35 pays qui utilisaient ill\u00e9galement les applications du groupe Gamma \/ FinFisher<\/sub><\/strong>[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enqu\u00eate du parquet de Munich laisse un go\u00fbt un peu amer dans la bouche: comment est-il possible qu'une plainte de quatre ONG ait \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9cessaire pour enqu\u00eate ? Il est logique que le soup\u00e7on d'hypocrisie surgisse, surtout en sachant que les services secrets allemands (BND) avaient d\u00e9cern\u00e9 \u00e0 Stephan Oelkers de Gamma International les Big Brother Awards en 2012, car Gamma \u00e9tait \u00ab la meilleure entreprise au monde intrusion de syst\u00e8mes informatiques et installation de logiciels de surveillance<\/em> (...) Gamma propose ses services sur son site Internet \u2013 bien que le d\u00e9veloppement et la distribution de ce type de logiciel espion soient interdits par le droit p\u00e9nal allemand (Par. 282c StGB). Cependant, cela ne s'applique qu'aux clients priv\u00e9s, pas aux ventes aux autorit\u00e9s nationales ou \u00e0 la police secr\u00e8te d'une dictature \u00e9trang\u00e8re. C'est la raison pour laquelle le parquet de Munich a refus\u00e9 d'engager une proc\u00e9dure p\u00e9nale contre Gamma<\/em> \u00bb[77]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref : tout le monde savait tout, mais il y a huit ans, le procureur de Munich pensait que c'\u00e9tait une bagatelle tant que cette technologie monstrueuse \u00e9tait utilis\u00e9e par les dictatures pour opprimer leur propre peuple.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour \u00eatre pr\u00e9cis, nous en savons beaucoup sur les activit\u00e9s ill\u00e9gales de ce groupe depuis 1973 (lorsque les ordinateurs \u00e9taient des jouets et que l'espionnage consistait \u00e0 infiltrer des hommes louches dans des salles secr\u00e8tes \u00e0 l'aide d'un appareil microfilmant des documents interdits) de personnes dispers\u00e9es dans la campagne anglaise, dans le port de Hambourg, dans la capitale bavaroise ou dans les bidonvilles du Cap Town. L'histoire commence par un c\u00e2ble que l'ambassade am\u00e9ricaine \u00e0 Bonn a envoy\u00e9 aux autorit\u00e9s f\u00e9d\u00e9rales \u2013 un message signalant les activit\u00e9s suspectes d'un d\u00e9taillant d'\u00e9lectronique n\u00e9erlandais bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Hambourg, Peter Kluever[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La CIA d\u00e9cide d'investir dans cet homme, tout comme l'arm\u00e9e allemande. En 1981, ses deux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s PK Electronics et PKI Electronic Intelligence GmbH avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 des contrats avec le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. En 1983, le prince h\u00e9ritier d'Arabie saoudite, Abdullah Ibn Nasir IBn Abd al-Asis Al Sa'ud, visite Hambourg et les g\u00e9n\u00e9raux allemands lui montrent les effets de l'utilisation de la technologie Kluever sur l'efficacit\u00e9 et la cadence de tir des chars L\u00e9opard \u2013 qui le gouvernement de Moved Riyadh pour acqu\u00e9rir cette technologie[79]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 1987, Oelkers s'est envol\u00e9 pour P\u00e9kin pour une d\u00e9monstration de ses nouvelles puces et a ravi les g\u00e9n\u00e9raux chinois qui sont devenus une partie de sa client\u00e8le[80]<\/sup><\/a>. Dans le cadre des accords sign\u00e9s avec les \u00c9tats-Unis, \u00e0 partir de 1985, Kluever a vendu une technologie d'espionnage am\u00e9ricaine tr\u00e8s moderne (d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e par l'Ocean Applied Research Corporation \u00e0 San Diego[81]<\/sup><\/a> et distribu\u00e9e par le groupe CompuDyne Corporation en Pennsylvanie[82]<\/sup><\/a>) \u00e0 Muhammar Ghaddafi en Libye, \u00e0 Hafiz Al -Assad en Syrie, \u00e0 Haji Mohammad Suharto en Indon\u00e9sie \u2013 les trois pr\u00e9sidents l'utilisent pour intercepter les appels t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques et les \u00e9missions radio des opposants, des arm\u00e9es \u00e9trang\u00e8res et des groupes rebelles[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En vieillissant, Kluever vendra son entreprise (le PK Electronics Group \u00e0 Hambourg) \u00e0 deux ing\u00e9nieurs, l'Allemand Stephan Oelkers et l'Anglais William Louthean Nelson. Ce dernier avait commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 diriger le bureau de P\u00e9kin en 1985 et avait cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre soci\u00e9t\u00e9, Personal Protection Products Ltd. Hong Kong[84]<\/sup><\/a>, en 1992, qui jusqu'en 1994, via sa filiale de Hull[85]<\/sup><\/a>, vendait des dispositifs d'\u00e9coute utilis\u00e9s par les services secrets britanniques pour combattre l'IRA en Ulster[86]<\/sup><\/a>. Lorsque Kluever prendra sa retraite, PK Electronics sera transmis \u00e0 William Nelson et \u00e0 son fils Louthean John Alexander Nelson, les fondateurs du groupe Gamma International[87]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le sch\u00e9ma des participations du Groupe Gamma International ainsi que des personnes et soci\u00e9t\u00e9s associ\u00e9es \u2013 \u00a9 IBI World Ltd. London<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une nouvelle \u00e8re commence dans laquelle les anciennes \u00e9coutes t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques seront bient\u00f4t surmont\u00e9es et oubli\u00e9es. Le jeune Louthean commence \u00e0 travailler avec Niels J\u00f8rgen Tobiasen et ses deux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s : The CBRN Team Ltd. Londres[88]<\/sup><\/a> et The Phoenix Hazard Training Ltd. Darlington[89]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est une op\u00e9ration industrielle qui est n\u00e9e d'un contrat de fourniture d'armes chimiques, biologiques, radiologiques et nucl\u00e9aires \u00e0 l'Ouganda[90]<\/sup><\/a> qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9goci\u00e9 avec un membre du gouvernement, Ananias Tumukunde, qui avait accept\u00e9 un pot-de-vin de 40000 \u00a3[91]<\/sup><\/a>. Une op\u00e9ration qui s'est termin\u00e9e par l'arrestation de Tumukunde \u00e0 Kampala et de Tobiasen \u00e0 Londres en juillet 2007[92]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au cours de ces ann\u00e9es, Louthean Nelson a \u00e9galement tent\u00e9 de faciliter une collaboration avec l'\u00e9quipe de piratage de David Vincenzetti : avec l'un des meilleurs hackers du groupe milanais, Alberto Pelliccione, Nelson a essay\u00e9 apr\u00e8s un certain temps de trouver un syst\u00e8me pour pirater les appareils Nokia \u2013 mais Pelliccione change d\u2019avis quand il d\u00e9couvre que Nelson a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 livrer des armes aux pays touch\u00e9s par les sanctions internationales par l'interm\u00e9diaire d'une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qui a maintenant \u00e9t\u00e9 liquid\u00e9e, Cyan Engineering Services SAL Beirut[93]<\/sup><\/a>. Quelque chose avec lequel Pelliccione ne veut rien avoir \u00e0 voir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'entreprise suivante est peut-\u00eatre encore plus \u00e9tonnante : Nelson fonde Elaman et d\u00e9localise certaines activit\u00e9s en Suisse[94]<\/sup><\/a> parce qu'il fait de nouveau affaire avec l'ancien partenaire de son p\u00e8re, Stephan Oelkers. Oelkers a convaincu Nelson de d\u00e9placer son centre d'op\u00e9rations de Hambourg \u00e0 Munich et d'accepter un nouveau partenaire, Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt. Cela devrait travailler avec les services secrets autrichiens[95]<\/sup><\/a> et tenter de reprendre la station de Bad Aibling \u00e0 la NSA (American Military Intelligence)[96]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est une tentation imposante et extr\u00eamement symbolique : la station d'interception de Bad Aibling est n\u00e9e en 1936 comme a\u00e9roport militaire et centre radar de la Luftwaffe, et \u00e0 la fin de la guerre, l'arm\u00e9e am\u00e9ricaine l'a convertie en camp de transit pour les prisonniers de guerre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s et victimes des camps de concentration nationaux-socialistes. Un camp de concentration tr\u00e8s c\u00e9l\u00e8bre que les \u00e9crivains G\u00fcnther Grass et Joseph Ratzinger (le futur pape Beno\u00eet XVI)[97]<\/sup><\/a> ont travers\u00e9. De 1952 jusqu'\u00e0 la fermeture, demand\u00e9e par l'Union europ\u00e9enne en 2001 et r\u00e9alis\u00e9e en 2004 (officiellement, puisque l'installation \u00e9tait toujours en activit\u00e9 en 2013[98]<\/sup><\/a>), la NSA de Bad Aibling a assembl\u00e9 ses syst\u00e8mes Echelon[99]<\/sup><\/a> pour intercepter les communications t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques du plan\u00e8te enti\u00e8re[100]<\/sup><\/a>. La prise de contr\u00f4le de la station NSA aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 la cons\u00e9cration de Nelson et de ses employ\u00e9s \u00e0 une entreprise d'importance mondiale et au pouvoir presque illimit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les n\u00e9gociations n'\u00e9taient pas termin\u00e9es lorsque FinFisher a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 vendre son FinSpy \u00e0 la Turquie et le monde entier a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 voir le danger. Apr\u00e8s les recherches \u00e0 Munich, en Suisse et en Roumanie, Nelson a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 liquider toutes les entreprises le plus rapidement possible: certaines d'entre elles (Computplus Ltd., G2 Systems Ltd., Gamma 2000 Ltd., Gamma 2000 Waste Management Ltd., Gamma International (UK) Ltd.) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 liquid\u00e9s d\u00e9but f\u00e9vrier 2021 au moment de la r\u00e9daction de cet article[101]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'y a pas de retour en arri\u00e8re<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

14 avril 2007 : Plus d'un million de citoyens pacifiques protestent contre l'abolition de la libert\u00e9 et contre un r\u00e9gime qui a transform\u00e9 leur patrie en un enfer d'oppression, de violence et de mis\u00e8re. Une sc\u00e8ne d'humanit\u00e9 passionnante qui pourrait difficilement \u00eatre r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9e<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, cela ne change pas la substance des choses. Aujourd'hui, f\u00e9vrier 2021, le gouvernement et ses agences de renseignement dans au moins 40 pays \u00e0 travers le monde, dont la grande majorit\u00e9 est dirig\u00e9e par une dictature, ont entre les mains des logiciels qui vont non seulement au-del\u00e0 des sc\u00e9narios apocalyptiques d\u00e9crits par George Orwell, mais aussi du \"Br\u00e9sil<\/em>\" de Terry Gilliam : D\u00e9sormais, un r\u00e9gime n'a plus besoin de d\u00e9couvrir que quelqu'un pr\u00e9pare un complot pour les isoler, les torturer, les condamner et les exterminer. L'\u00c9tat peut cr\u00e9er des preuves d'un simple clic d'ordinateur, en utilisant un logiciel qui en un milli\u00e8me de seconde condamnera chacun de nous et impliquera chacun de nos proches dans notre destruction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 o\u00f9 l'ali\u00e9nation de l'individu du contexte commun a d\u00e9j\u00e0 atteint des proportions inqui\u00e9tantes, les logiciels d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s et vendus par une petite poign\u00e9e de criminels totalement inconnus du public ont permis \u00e0 l'humanit\u00e9 de s'engager sur un chemin de non-retour : celui o\u00f9 il n'y a plus rien de vrai et de v\u00e9rifiable dans lequel chacun de nous doit douter de qui est autour de nous, et m\u00eame (et plus encore) nous-m\u00eames.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La faiblesse et la superficialit\u00e9 avec lesquelles les gouvernements occidentaux (en particulier les \u00c9tats-Unis, l'Allemagne et le Royaume-Uni) ont permis \u00e0 ce logiciel d'\u00eatre distribu\u00e9 \u00e0 travers la plan\u00e8te pour des calculs purement \u00e9go\u00efstes sont impardonnables et le signe que 75 ans apr\u00e8s la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale , 30 ans apr\u00e8s la fin de la guerre froide, et la peur d'un conflit nucl\u00e9aire lorsque la nature se rebelle contre la mani\u00e8re insens\u00e9e dont nous la d\u00e9truisons, les gens ont franchi la limite ultime \u2013 ceux dans lesquels l'ennemi qui tue ne vient pas de l'ext\u00e9rieur, mais de l'int\u00e9rieur \u2013 et est inexorable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/65-in-yuzbinleri-6335051<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/6554851.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/laik-turkiye-icin-caglayan-a-6426626<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/3-miting-3-mesaj-6462629<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/izmir-rekor-bekliyor-6495436<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/turkey-used-german-spy-software-on-opposition-politicians-and-activists\/a-43787769<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/en\/content\/turkish-spy-networks-control-opponents<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-39416954<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.birgun.net\/haber\/iddia-pelikancilar-hakan-fidan-gitsin-diyor-283382<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trthaber.com\/haber\/gundem\/iletisim-baskanligi-berat-albayrakin-gorevden-af-talebi-kabul-edilmistir-529559.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/europe\/russia-accuses-president-erdogan-s-son-law-being-linked-isis-oil-trade-a6761436.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2016\/09\/turkey-redhackers-daunt-the-erdogan-family.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepressproject.gr\/exclusive-wikileaks-documents-relations-erdogan-isis-oil-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.duvarenglish.com\/sport\/2020\/02\/10\/politics-in-stadiums-fenerbahce-fans-urge-minister-albayrak-to-keep-hands-off-football<\/a> ; https:\/\/odatv4.com\/fenerbahceliler-damata-karsi-ayaga-kalkti-02022031.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Intelligence Online, \u201cHakan Fidan close to ministerial promotion<\/em>\u201d, see in 2020.11.18 Hakan Fidan Minister<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-launches-project-to-train-1-million-software-developers-154081<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> 2017.04.13 T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mill%C3%AE_%C4%B0stihbarat_Te%C5%9Fkil%C3%A2t%C4%B1#Leitung<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> Hakan Fidan on Nexis, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/t24.com.tr\/haber\/adanada-3-tir-durduruldu-arama-yapiliyor,248707<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> 1000 colpi di mortaio, 1000 colpi di artiglieria, 50\u2019000 fucili d'assalto e 30\u2019000 munizioni per mitragliatrice \u2013 see in https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529223636\/http:\/\/www.aktifhaber.com\/devlet-sirri-denilen-mit-tirlari-ile-ilgili-tapeler-1053377h.htm#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.haber7.com\/guncel\/haber\/1121773-mit-tirlari-neden-durduruldu ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aljazeera.com.tr\/haber\/mit-tirlari-boyle-durduruldu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/bianet.org\/bianet\/insan-haklari\/155519-tir-lari-durdurmakla-suclanan-13-askere-muebbet-istendi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milliyet.com.tr\/gundem\/mit-tirlari-olayinda-yeni-gelisme-5-savci-gorevden-uzaklastirildi-1999064<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/erdogandan-canli-yayinda-can-dundara-tehdit-288885<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.faz.net\/aktuell\/politik\/ausland\/europa\/tuerkei\/tuerkei-kampf-gegen-die-soldaten-des-lichts-12715816.html?printPagedArticle=true#pageIndex_3<\/a> ; https:\/\/taz.de\/Wie-Guelen-zum-Staatsfeind-Nr-1-wurde\/!5323191\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2021\/02\/03\/son-dakika-istihbarattaki-fetocu-generalden-bomba-itiraflar-tegmen-rutbemi-fetullah-gulen-takti<\/a> ; https:\/\/tr.sputniknews.com\/turkiye\/202001211041211454-sozcu-ilker-basbugu-cezaevine-attiran-feto-mektubunu-acikliyoruz\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.genios.de\/presse-archiv\/artikel\/FAZ\/20171111\/jagd-auf-die-guelenisten\/FR1201711115279571.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nadir.org\/nadir\/initiativ\/isku\/hintergrund\/geheimdienste\/geheim994.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/tuerkischer-geheimdienst-liess-erdogan-gegner-in-deutschland-ausspionieren\/12027820.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article157778863\/Erdogans-Agenten-bedrohen-Tuerken-in-Deutschland.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html ;  https:\/\/www.derstandard.at\/story\/1397522175727\/geheimdienst-staat-tuerkei<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2020\/09\/turkey-austria-spy-nehammer-kurdish-clashes-protests-vienna.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/austria-turkey-espionage-int-idUSKBN25S4R5<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/10\/13\/world\/europe\/turkey-austria-erdogan-assassin.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/global-europe\/news\/flemish-minister-turkish-sponosred-mosque-is-nest-of-spies\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/07\/06\/influenced-by-gulenists-belgium-targets-turkish-mosques-fighting-extremism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/erdogan-critics-listed-by-turkish-embassy-in-prague-were-included-in-bogus-terrorism-probe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turk-greek-ties-strained-by-arson-row-10324<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-greece-germany-spying\/greek-police-arrest-german-on-suspicion-of-spying-idUSBRE97208820130803<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kathimerini.gr\/society\/896001\/istories-me-kataskopoys-sto-aigaio\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.larissanet.gr\/2019\/06\/21\/dikazetai-sti-rodo-kataskopos-tis-tourkias\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/ahvalnews.com\/mit\/turkish-intelligence-recruits-eu-retirees-spy-greece<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/04\/turkish-intelligence-operations-targeting-critics-in-greece-exposed-in-secret-documents\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/intelnews.org\/2016\/12\/09\/01-2023\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/more-secret-documents-confirming-vast-turkish-espionage-activities-in-greece-uncovered\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.skai.gr\/news\/greece\/dyo-syllipseis-ellinon-gia-kataskopeia-sti-rodo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-kosovo-security-turkey-idUSKBN1H70CC<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/opinion\/murat-yetkin\/turkish-intelligence-unveils-secret-codes-used-before-coup-attempt-103843<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2018\/09\/turkish-teachers-detained-moldova-gulen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/balkaninsight.com\/2018\/09\/06\/six-turkish-professors-detained-by-moldovan-secret-services-09-06-2018\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/turkeypurge.com\/turkey-spying-imams-active-also-in-norway<\/a> ; https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/turkeys-autocratic-president-erdogans-spying-profiling-expands-in-norway\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/kafila.org\/www-matthewaid-com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/report-sweden-launches-espionage-probe-into-turkish-govt-representatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/politics\/undiplomatic_swiss-eye-alleged-turkish-kidnapping-attempt\/43973170 ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/swiss-foreign-minister-warns-turkey-against-illegal-spying-111199 ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/eu-affairs\/2017\/05\/01\/as-anti-turkish-politics-grip-europe-turkish-swiss-policeman-arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-brings-key-feto-suspect-from-ukraine-to-turkey-134608<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.meforum.org\/60976\/turkish-spy-agency-mit-intelligence-gathering-australia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-court\/egypt-detains-29-people-on-suspicion-of-espionage-for-turkey-idUSKBN1DM1AN<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/33764\/In-Pictures-Egypt-foils-Turkish-espionage-attempt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-agency-brings-three-feto-members-from-gabon-to-turkey-130050<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/turkey\/turkish-intelligence-agency-rescues-a-kidnapped-italian-citizen-in-kenya-36192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20190807-libyan-national-army-turkish-intelligence-is-operating-in-tripoli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/11\/27\/senior-feto-figure-captured-by-turkish-intelligence-in-sudan\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hakan Fidan (\u00e0 gauche), Bayrat Albarak (au centre) et Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan (\u00e0 droite), les directeurs de la terreur t\u00e9l\u00e9matique d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par le gouvernement d'Ankara<\/sub><\/strong>[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'op\u00e9ration est dirig\u00e9e par Hakan Fidan, un ami proche d'Erdo\u011fan et chef du service de renseignement turc (MIT \u2013 Mill\u00ee \u0130stihbarat Te\u015fkil\u00e2t\u0131) : c'est un sergent qui, apr\u00e8s avoir rencontr\u00e9 le futur dictateur, a suivi sa carri\u00e8re de chef de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 personnelle puis progressivement atteint un cadre d'espionnage militaire, au point qu'en novembre 2020, suite \u00e0 la d\u00e9mission du gendre d'Erdo\u011fan, Berat Albayrak[6]<\/sup><\/a> (qui a financ\u00e9 l'EI dans le cadre de sa coop\u00e9ration avec l'Irak[7]<\/sup><\/a>, ainsi que sa participation au scandale de la manipulation des r\u00e9sultats de la Ligue turque de football a eu des ennuis)[8]<\/sup><\/a>, il est devenu le principal candidat \u00e0 la fonction du nouveau ministre des Finances[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Albayrak n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi pour ses comp\u00e9tences en \u00e9conomie, mais parce qu'il est le coordinateur de tout un projet de contr\u00f4le t\u00e9l\u00e9matique, pour lequel le r\u00e9gime, apr\u00e8s avoir form\u00e9 un million de hackers d'\u00c9tat, contr\u00f4lera toutes les transactions \u00e9conomiques de chaque entreprise et de chaque citoyen[10]<\/sup><\/a> : officiellement pour emp\u00eacher l\u2019\u00e9vasion fiscale. Le fait que Hakan Fidan soit \u00e0 la t\u00eate de ce nouveau minist\u00e8re depuis janvier 2021 rend tout clair et simple.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdo\u011fan a depuis transform\u00e9 le bureau du Premier ministre en une agence gouvernementale enregistr\u00e9e[11]<\/sup><\/a> qui contr\u00f4le certains consulats turcs \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger \u2013 comme Atlanta, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, Washington DC (USA), Burnaby (Canada) et Rabat (Maroc)[12]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 et de bien s\u00fbr le MIT[13]<\/sup><\/a> aussi. Dans chacune de ces agences, Hakan Fidan joue le r\u00f4le de directeur ex\u00e9cutif[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Peut-\u00eatre parce que le MIT n'est pas seulement actif en Turquie, mais partout dans le monde ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 19 janvier 2014, la gendarmerie turque a bloqu\u00e9 deux camions \u00e0 destination de la Syrie qui \u00e9taient pleins d'armes[15]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 des armes destin\u00e9es \u00e0 aider l'arm\u00e9e du califat (EI)[16]<\/sup><\/a> transport\u00e9es par des agents du MIT[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Erdo\u011fan a d'abord affirm\u00e9 qu'il s'agissait d'une aide humanitaire[18]<\/sup><\/a>, mais certains journalistes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 filmer le camion et le mensonge a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9couvert. R\u00e9sultat : les 13 gendarmes qui ont arr\u00eat\u00e9 les camions ont \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 de longues peines de prison[19]<\/sup><\/a> ; Les juges d'instruction ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9mis de leurs fonctions et inculp\u00e9s[20]<\/sup><\/a> ; les journalistes impliqu\u00e9s dans l'enregistrement ou la publication des informations ont \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq ans de prison[21]<\/sup><\/a>. La police a re\u00e7u de nouveaux ordres : n'emp\u00eachez jamais les v\u00e9hicules du MIT d'aller \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'une des t\u00e2ches du MIT est de combattre la secte Hizmet et son pr\u00e9dicateur Fethullah G\u00fclen (en tapant sur les t\u00e9l\u00e9phones et Internet, en traquant, en enlevant, en torturant, en assassinant[22]<\/sup><\/a>) en Turquie et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Cependant, la t\u00e2che principale du MIT est de combattre les opposants \u00e0 l'ext\u00e9rieur du pays. Environ 500 responsables du MIT et plus de 6000 informateurs sont actifs en Allemagne \u2013 une structure encore plus grande et plus puissante que STASI \u00e0 l'\u00e9poque de la RDA[24]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 dont le but n'est pas seulement d'observer et de signaler les citoyens turcs qui ont \u00e9migr\u00e9 en Europe, mais aussi d'intervenir physiquement[25]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'un des objectifs du MIT est d'intercepter les communications pour cr\u00e9er des preuves fictives contre les critiques du r\u00e9gime d'Ankara et pour justifier leur enl\u00e8vement et leur torture[26]<\/sup><\/a>. Une strat\u00e9gie que le MIT poursuit \u00e9galement dans plusieurs autres pays du monde \u2013 par exemple en Autriche[27]<\/sup><\/a>, Belgique[28]<\/sup><\/a>, R\u00e9publique tch\u00e8que[29]<\/sup><\/a>, France[30]<\/sup><\/a>, Gr\u00e8ce[31]<\/sup><\/a>, Kosovo[32]<\/sup><\/a>, Lituanie[33]<\/sup><\/a>, Moldavie[34]<\/sup><\/a>, Norv\u00e8ge[35]<\/sup><\/a>, Serbie[36]<\/sup><\/a>, Su\u00e8de[37]<\/sup><\/a>, Suisse[38]<\/sup><\/a>, Ukraine[39]<\/sup><\/a>, Royaume-Uni[40]<\/sup><\/a> , Australie[41]<\/sup><\/a>, \u00c9gypte[42]<\/sup><\/a>, Gabon[43]<\/sup><\/a>, Kenya[44]<\/sup><\/a>, Libye[45]<\/sup><\/a>, Soudan[46]<\/sup><\/a>, \u00c9tats-Unis[47]<\/sup><\/a>, Arm\u00e9nie[48]<\/sup><\/a>, Azerba\u00efdjan[49]<\/sup><\/a>, G\u00e9orgie[50]<\/sup><\/a>, Irak[51]<\/sup><\/a>, Malaisie[52]<\/sup><\/a>, Mongolie[53]<\/sup><\/a>, Pakistan[54]<\/sup><\/a> et Syrie, o\u00f9 le gouvernement turc se bat avec sa propre arm\u00e9e et soutient l'EI[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Technologie allemande pour le tortionnaire d'Erdo\u011fan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Comment fonctionne l'application FishSpy de FinFisher GmbH \u00e0 Munich \u2013 le c\u0153ur battant du syst\u00e8me d'espionnage turc du MIT<\/sub><\/strong>[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le syst\u00e8me complexe de contr\u00f4le, de piratage, d'interception et de falsification n\u00e9cessaire pour surveiller des millions de personnes n'est pas un jouet. Des ONG de toute l'Europe recherchent qui a d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 une telle technologie et l'a trouv\u00e9e en Allemagne \u2013 elle s'appelle FinSpy et est produite par trois soci\u00e9t\u00e9s du groupe Gamma International : FinFisher GmbH Munich, FinFisher Labs GmbH Munich et Elaman GmbH Munich. Quatre organisations ont pu le prouver \u00e0 la justice allemande[57]<\/sup><\/a> : Reporters sans fronti\u00e8res de Berlin (actif dans toute l'Europe, principalement pr\u00e9occup\u00e9 par la libert\u00e9 de la presse[58]<\/sup><\/a>), GFF Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Freiheitsrechte de Berlin (tr\u00e8s active dans la surveillance des activit\u00e9s ill\u00e9gales du BND et d'autres services secrets allemands[59]<\/sup><\/a>), Netzpolitik.org \u00e0 Berlin (un journal en ligne[60]<\/sup><\/a>) et le Centre europ\u00e9en pour la Constitution et les droits de l'homme \u00e0 Berlin[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le parquet de Munich lance une enqu\u00eate p\u00e9nale sur la base des preuves pr\u00e9sent\u00e9es par ces ONG : les entreprises bavaroises susmentionn\u00e9es ont viol\u00e9 la loi sur le commerce ext\u00e9rieur[62]<\/sup><\/a> sur au moins six points et ont non seulement vendu FinSpy \u00e0 la Turquie, mais aussi aux gouvernements de nombreux autres pays, y compris Bahre\u00efn, l'\u00c9gypte, l'\u00c9thiopie, la Libye, le Kazakhstan, l'Arabie saoudite et le Venezuela[63]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 tous des pays qui soul\u00e8vent de graves pr\u00e9occupations quant \u00e0 la nature d\u00e9mocratique du syst\u00e8me politique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enqu\u00eate a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que ces trois soci\u00e9t\u00e9s n'en \u00e9taient qu'\u00e0 l'origine une, Gamma International UK Ltd. Winchester, contre qui une enqu\u00eate ouverte en 2013 par les autorit\u00e9s judiciaires britanniques[64]<\/sup><\/a> a \u00e9t\u00e9 bloqu\u00e9e, qui aurait mis l'entreprise sur la liste noire de l'OCDE[65]<\/sup><\/a> fin 2016 \u2013 une mesure qui interdit \u00e0 quiconque dans le monde de faire affaire avec ce groupe industriel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enqu\u00eate britannique s'est limit\u00e9e \u00e0 l'analyse de la vente de FinSpy \u00e0 Bahre\u00efn, tandis que l'enqu\u00eate allemande, accompagn\u00e9e d'un grand nombre de t\u00e9moignages de victimes de la terreur du r\u00e9gime d'Erdo\u011fan en Turquie et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, va beaucoup plus loin et constate que FinSpy a \u00e9t\u00e9 vendu ill\u00e9galement dans 36 pays[66]<\/sup><\/a>, il y a d'\u00e9normes centres de stockage de donn\u00e9es dans 11 pays[67]<\/sup><\/a>, de sorte qu'on soup\u00e7onne maintenant qu'il y a beaucoup d'autres crimes cach\u00e9s derri\u00e8re les faits connus[68]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est pourquoi le parquet de Munich a ordonn\u00e9 une perquisition des locaux de la capitale bavaroise, mais aussi de la branche roumaine du groupe Gamma International[69]<\/sup><\/a>, en octobre 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il est presque impossible de se d\u00e9fendre contre FinSpy : le malware s'installe avec de fausses mises \u00e0 jour d\u00e9guis\u00e9es en officielles, via des e-mails avec de fausses pi\u00e8ces jointes ou \u00e0 travers des failles de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans le logiciel \u2013 comme Avira[70]<\/sup><\/a> ou iTunes d'Apple \u2013 et ensuite via les fausses plates-formes du principaux moteurs de recherche, installations Mac et Linux[71]<\/sup><\/a>, programmes de messagerie \u00e9lectronique, r\u00e9seaux sociaux, sites Web pour les achats en ligne[72]<\/sup><\/a>. L\u00e0 o\u00f9 le malware de Gamma International ne parvient pas, celui de l'\u00e9quipe de piratage de David Vincenzetti[73]<\/sup><\/a> est l\u00e0[74]<\/sup><\/a>. Mais cette soci\u00e9t\u00e9 n'est plus l\u00e0, Gamma l'a surpass\u00e9e, ses fondateurs sont r\u00e9partis dans de nombreuses petites entreprises[75]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re les poup\u00e9es Matriochka?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

En 2015, le Citizen Lab Institute de Toronto avait identifi\u00e9 35 pays qui utilisaient ill\u00e9galement les applications du groupe Gamma \/ FinFisher<\/sub><\/strong>[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enqu\u00eate du parquet de Munich laisse un go\u00fbt un peu amer dans la bouche: comment est-il possible qu'une plainte de quatre ONG ait \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9cessaire pour enqu\u00eate ? Il est logique que le soup\u00e7on d'hypocrisie surgisse, surtout en sachant que les services secrets allemands (BND) avaient d\u00e9cern\u00e9 \u00e0 Stephan Oelkers de Gamma International les Big Brother Awards en 2012, car Gamma \u00e9tait \u00ab la meilleure entreprise au monde intrusion de syst\u00e8mes informatiques et installation de logiciels de surveillance<\/em> (...) Gamma propose ses services sur son site Internet \u2013 bien que le d\u00e9veloppement et la distribution de ce type de logiciel espion soient interdits par le droit p\u00e9nal allemand (Par. 282c StGB). Cependant, cela ne s'applique qu'aux clients priv\u00e9s, pas aux ventes aux autorit\u00e9s nationales ou \u00e0 la police secr\u00e8te d'une dictature \u00e9trang\u00e8re. C'est la raison pour laquelle le parquet de Munich a refus\u00e9 d'engager une proc\u00e9dure p\u00e9nale contre Gamma<\/em> \u00bb[77]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref : tout le monde savait tout, mais il y a huit ans, le procureur de Munich pensait que c'\u00e9tait une bagatelle tant que cette technologie monstrueuse \u00e9tait utilis\u00e9e par les dictatures pour opprimer leur propre peuple.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour \u00eatre pr\u00e9cis, nous en savons beaucoup sur les activit\u00e9s ill\u00e9gales de ce groupe depuis 1973 (lorsque les ordinateurs \u00e9taient des jouets et que l'espionnage consistait \u00e0 infiltrer des hommes louches dans des salles secr\u00e8tes \u00e0 l'aide d'un appareil microfilmant des documents interdits) de personnes dispers\u00e9es dans la campagne anglaise, dans le port de Hambourg, dans la capitale bavaroise ou dans les bidonvilles du Cap Town. L'histoire commence par un c\u00e2ble que l'ambassade am\u00e9ricaine \u00e0 Bonn a envoy\u00e9 aux autorit\u00e9s f\u00e9d\u00e9rales \u2013 un message signalant les activit\u00e9s suspectes d'un d\u00e9taillant d'\u00e9lectronique n\u00e9erlandais bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Hambourg, Peter Kluever[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La CIA d\u00e9cide d'investir dans cet homme, tout comme l'arm\u00e9e allemande. En 1981, ses deux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s PK Electronics et PKI Electronic Intelligence GmbH avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 des contrats avec le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. En 1983, le prince h\u00e9ritier d'Arabie saoudite, Abdullah Ibn Nasir IBn Abd al-Asis Al Sa'ud, visite Hambourg et les g\u00e9n\u00e9raux allemands lui montrent les effets de l'utilisation de la technologie Kluever sur l'efficacit\u00e9 et la cadence de tir des chars L\u00e9opard \u2013 qui le gouvernement de Moved Riyadh pour acqu\u00e9rir cette technologie[79]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 1987, Oelkers s'est envol\u00e9 pour P\u00e9kin pour une d\u00e9monstration de ses nouvelles puces et a ravi les g\u00e9n\u00e9raux chinois qui sont devenus une partie de sa client\u00e8le[80]<\/sup><\/a>. Dans le cadre des accords sign\u00e9s avec les \u00c9tats-Unis, \u00e0 partir de 1985, Kluever a vendu une technologie d'espionnage am\u00e9ricaine tr\u00e8s moderne (d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e par l'Ocean Applied Research Corporation \u00e0 San Diego[81]<\/sup><\/a> et distribu\u00e9e par le groupe CompuDyne Corporation en Pennsylvanie[82]<\/sup><\/a>) \u00e0 Muhammar Ghaddafi en Libye, \u00e0 Hafiz Al -Assad en Syrie, \u00e0 Haji Mohammad Suharto en Indon\u00e9sie \u2013 les trois pr\u00e9sidents l'utilisent pour intercepter les appels t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques et les \u00e9missions radio des opposants, des arm\u00e9es \u00e9trang\u00e8res et des groupes rebelles[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En vieillissant, Kluever vendra son entreprise (le PK Electronics Group \u00e0 Hambourg) \u00e0 deux ing\u00e9nieurs, l'Allemand Stephan Oelkers et l'Anglais William Louthean Nelson. Ce dernier avait commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 diriger le bureau de P\u00e9kin en 1985 et avait cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre soci\u00e9t\u00e9, Personal Protection Products Ltd. Hong Kong[84]<\/sup><\/a>, en 1992, qui jusqu'en 1994, via sa filiale de Hull[85]<\/sup><\/a>, vendait des dispositifs d'\u00e9coute utilis\u00e9s par les services secrets britanniques pour combattre l'IRA en Ulster[86]<\/sup><\/a>. Lorsque Kluever prendra sa retraite, PK Electronics sera transmis \u00e0 William Nelson et \u00e0 son fils Louthean John Alexander Nelson, les fondateurs du groupe Gamma International[87]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le sch\u00e9ma des participations du Groupe Gamma International ainsi que des personnes et soci\u00e9t\u00e9s associ\u00e9es \u2013 \u00a9 IBI World Ltd. London<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une nouvelle \u00e8re commence dans laquelle les anciennes \u00e9coutes t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques seront bient\u00f4t surmont\u00e9es et oubli\u00e9es. Le jeune Louthean commence \u00e0 travailler avec Niels J\u00f8rgen Tobiasen et ses deux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s : The CBRN Team Ltd. Londres[88]<\/sup><\/a> et The Phoenix Hazard Training Ltd. Darlington[89]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est une op\u00e9ration industrielle qui est n\u00e9e d'un contrat de fourniture d'armes chimiques, biologiques, radiologiques et nucl\u00e9aires \u00e0 l'Ouganda[90]<\/sup><\/a> qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9goci\u00e9 avec un membre du gouvernement, Ananias Tumukunde, qui avait accept\u00e9 un pot-de-vin de 40000 \u00a3[91]<\/sup><\/a>. Une op\u00e9ration qui s'est termin\u00e9e par l'arrestation de Tumukunde \u00e0 Kampala et de Tobiasen \u00e0 Londres en juillet 2007[92]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au cours de ces ann\u00e9es, Louthean Nelson a \u00e9galement tent\u00e9 de faciliter une collaboration avec l'\u00e9quipe de piratage de David Vincenzetti : avec l'un des meilleurs hackers du groupe milanais, Alberto Pelliccione, Nelson a essay\u00e9 apr\u00e8s un certain temps de trouver un syst\u00e8me pour pirater les appareils Nokia \u2013 mais Pelliccione change d\u2019avis quand il d\u00e9couvre que Nelson a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 livrer des armes aux pays touch\u00e9s par les sanctions internationales par l'interm\u00e9diaire d'une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qui a maintenant \u00e9t\u00e9 liquid\u00e9e, Cyan Engineering Services SAL Beirut[93]<\/sup><\/a>. Quelque chose avec lequel Pelliccione ne veut rien avoir \u00e0 voir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'entreprise suivante est peut-\u00eatre encore plus \u00e9tonnante : Nelson fonde Elaman et d\u00e9localise certaines activit\u00e9s en Suisse[94]<\/sup><\/a> parce qu'il fait de nouveau affaire avec l'ancien partenaire de son p\u00e8re, Stephan Oelkers. Oelkers a convaincu Nelson de d\u00e9placer son centre d'op\u00e9rations de Hambourg \u00e0 Munich et d'accepter un nouveau partenaire, Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt. Cela devrait travailler avec les services secrets autrichiens[95]<\/sup><\/a> et tenter de reprendre la station de Bad Aibling \u00e0 la NSA (American Military Intelligence)[96]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est une tentation imposante et extr\u00eamement symbolique : la station d'interception de Bad Aibling est n\u00e9e en 1936 comme a\u00e9roport militaire et centre radar de la Luftwaffe, et \u00e0 la fin de la guerre, l'arm\u00e9e am\u00e9ricaine l'a convertie en camp de transit pour les prisonniers de guerre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s et victimes des camps de concentration nationaux-socialistes. Un camp de concentration tr\u00e8s c\u00e9l\u00e8bre que les \u00e9crivains G\u00fcnther Grass et Joseph Ratzinger (le futur pape Beno\u00eet XVI)[97]<\/sup><\/a> ont travers\u00e9. De 1952 jusqu'\u00e0 la fermeture, demand\u00e9e par l'Union europ\u00e9enne en 2001 et r\u00e9alis\u00e9e en 2004 (officiellement, puisque l'installation \u00e9tait toujours en activit\u00e9 en 2013[98]<\/sup><\/a>), la NSA de Bad Aibling a assembl\u00e9 ses syst\u00e8mes Echelon[99]<\/sup><\/a> pour intercepter les communications t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques du plan\u00e8te enti\u00e8re[100]<\/sup><\/a>. La prise de contr\u00f4le de la station NSA aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 la cons\u00e9cration de Nelson et de ses employ\u00e9s \u00e0 une entreprise d'importance mondiale et au pouvoir presque illimit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les n\u00e9gociations n'\u00e9taient pas termin\u00e9es lorsque FinFisher a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 vendre son FinSpy \u00e0 la Turquie et le monde entier a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 voir le danger. Apr\u00e8s les recherches \u00e0 Munich, en Suisse et en Roumanie, Nelson a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 liquider toutes les entreprises le plus rapidement possible: certaines d'entre elles (Computplus Ltd., G2 Systems Ltd., Gamma 2000 Ltd., Gamma 2000 Waste Management Ltd., Gamma International (UK) Ltd.) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 liquid\u00e9s d\u00e9but f\u00e9vrier 2021 au moment de la r\u00e9daction de cet article[101]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'y a pas de retour en arri\u00e8re<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

14 avril 2007 : Plus d'un million de citoyens pacifiques protestent contre l'abolition de la libert\u00e9 et contre un r\u00e9gime qui a transform\u00e9 leur patrie en un enfer d'oppression, de violence et de mis\u00e8re. Une sc\u00e8ne d'humanit\u00e9 passionnante qui pourrait difficilement \u00eatre r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9e<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, cela ne change pas la substance des choses. Aujourd'hui, f\u00e9vrier 2021, le gouvernement et ses agences de renseignement dans au moins 40 pays \u00e0 travers le monde, dont la grande majorit\u00e9 est dirig\u00e9e par une dictature, ont entre les mains des logiciels qui vont non seulement au-del\u00e0 des sc\u00e9narios apocalyptiques d\u00e9crits par George Orwell, mais aussi du \"Br\u00e9sil<\/em>\" de Terry Gilliam : D\u00e9sormais, un r\u00e9gime n'a plus besoin de d\u00e9couvrir que quelqu'un pr\u00e9pare un complot pour les isoler, les torturer, les condamner et les exterminer. L'\u00c9tat peut cr\u00e9er des preuves d'un simple clic d'ordinateur, en utilisant un logiciel qui en un milli\u00e8me de seconde condamnera chacun de nous et impliquera chacun de nos proches dans notre destruction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 o\u00f9 l'ali\u00e9nation de l'individu du contexte commun a d\u00e9j\u00e0 atteint des proportions inqui\u00e9tantes, les logiciels d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s et vendus par une petite poign\u00e9e de criminels totalement inconnus du public ont permis \u00e0 l'humanit\u00e9 de s'engager sur un chemin de non-retour : celui o\u00f9 il n'y a plus rien de vrai et de v\u00e9rifiable dans lequel chacun de nous doit douter de qui est autour de nous, et m\u00eame (et plus encore) nous-m\u00eames.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La faiblesse et la superficialit\u00e9 avec lesquelles les gouvernements occidentaux (en particulier les \u00c9tats-Unis, l'Allemagne et le Royaume-Uni) ont permis \u00e0 ce logiciel d'\u00eatre distribu\u00e9 \u00e0 travers la plan\u00e8te pour des calculs purement \u00e9go\u00efstes sont impardonnables et le signe que 75 ans apr\u00e8s la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale , 30 ans apr\u00e8s la fin de la guerre froide, et la peur d'un conflit nucl\u00e9aire lorsque la nature se rebelle contre la mani\u00e8re insens\u00e9e dont nous la d\u00e9truisons, les gens ont franchi la limite ultime \u2013 ceux dans lesquels l'ennemi qui tue ne vient pas de l'ext\u00e9rieur, mais de l'int\u00e9rieur \u2013 et est inexorable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/65-in-yuzbinleri-6335051<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/6554851.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/laik-turkiye-icin-caglayan-a-6426626<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/3-miting-3-mesaj-6462629<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/izmir-rekor-bekliyor-6495436<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/turkey-used-german-spy-software-on-opposition-politicians-and-activists\/a-43787769<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/en\/content\/turkish-spy-networks-control-opponents<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-39416954<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.birgun.net\/haber\/iddia-pelikancilar-hakan-fidan-gitsin-diyor-283382<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trthaber.com\/haber\/gundem\/iletisim-baskanligi-berat-albayrakin-gorevden-af-talebi-kabul-edilmistir-529559.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/europe\/russia-accuses-president-erdogan-s-son-law-being-linked-isis-oil-trade-a6761436.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2016\/09\/turkey-redhackers-daunt-the-erdogan-family.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepressproject.gr\/exclusive-wikileaks-documents-relations-erdogan-isis-oil-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.duvarenglish.com\/sport\/2020\/02\/10\/politics-in-stadiums-fenerbahce-fans-urge-minister-albayrak-to-keep-hands-off-football<\/a> ; https:\/\/odatv4.com\/fenerbahceliler-damata-karsi-ayaga-kalkti-02022031.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Intelligence Online, \u201cHakan Fidan close to ministerial promotion<\/em>\u201d, see in 2020.11.18 Hakan Fidan Minister<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-launches-project-to-train-1-million-software-developers-154081<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> 2017.04.13 T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mill%C3%AE_%C4%B0stihbarat_Te%C5%9Fkil%C3%A2t%C4%B1#Leitung<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> Hakan Fidan on Nexis, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/t24.com.tr\/haber\/adanada-3-tir-durduruldu-arama-yapiliyor,248707<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> 1000 colpi di mortaio, 1000 colpi di artiglieria, 50\u2019000 fucili d'assalto e 30\u2019000 munizioni per mitragliatrice \u2013 see in https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529223636\/http:\/\/www.aktifhaber.com\/devlet-sirri-denilen-mit-tirlari-ile-ilgili-tapeler-1053377h.htm#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.haber7.com\/guncel\/haber\/1121773-mit-tirlari-neden-durduruldu ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aljazeera.com.tr\/haber\/mit-tirlari-boyle-durduruldu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/bianet.org\/bianet\/insan-haklari\/155519-tir-lari-durdurmakla-suclanan-13-askere-muebbet-istendi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milliyet.com.tr\/gundem\/mit-tirlari-olayinda-yeni-gelisme-5-savci-gorevden-uzaklastirildi-1999064<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/erdogandan-canli-yayinda-can-dundara-tehdit-288885<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.faz.net\/aktuell\/politik\/ausland\/europa\/tuerkei\/tuerkei-kampf-gegen-die-soldaten-des-lichts-12715816.html?printPagedArticle=true#pageIndex_3<\/a> ; https:\/\/taz.de\/Wie-Guelen-zum-Staatsfeind-Nr-1-wurde\/!5323191\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2021\/02\/03\/son-dakika-istihbarattaki-fetocu-generalden-bomba-itiraflar-tegmen-rutbemi-fetullah-gulen-takti<\/a> ; https:\/\/tr.sputniknews.com\/turkiye\/202001211041211454-sozcu-ilker-basbugu-cezaevine-attiran-feto-mektubunu-acikliyoruz\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.genios.de\/presse-archiv\/artikel\/FAZ\/20171111\/jagd-auf-die-guelenisten\/FR1201711115279571.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nadir.org\/nadir\/initiativ\/isku\/hintergrund\/geheimdienste\/geheim994.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/tuerkischer-geheimdienst-liess-erdogan-gegner-in-deutschland-ausspionieren\/12027820.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article157778863\/Erdogans-Agenten-bedrohen-Tuerken-in-Deutschland.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html ;  https:\/\/www.derstandard.at\/story\/1397522175727\/geheimdienst-staat-tuerkei<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2020\/09\/turkey-austria-spy-nehammer-kurdish-clashes-protests-vienna.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/austria-turkey-espionage-int-idUSKBN25S4R5<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/10\/13\/world\/europe\/turkey-austria-erdogan-assassin.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/global-europe\/news\/flemish-minister-turkish-sponosred-mosque-is-nest-of-spies\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/07\/06\/influenced-by-gulenists-belgium-targets-turkish-mosques-fighting-extremism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/erdogan-critics-listed-by-turkish-embassy-in-prague-were-included-in-bogus-terrorism-probe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turk-greek-ties-strained-by-arson-row-10324<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-greece-germany-spying\/greek-police-arrest-german-on-suspicion-of-spying-idUSBRE97208820130803<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kathimerini.gr\/society\/896001\/istories-me-kataskopoys-sto-aigaio\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.larissanet.gr\/2019\/06\/21\/dikazetai-sti-rodo-kataskopos-tis-tourkias\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/ahvalnews.com\/mit\/turkish-intelligence-recruits-eu-retirees-spy-greece<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/04\/turkish-intelligence-operations-targeting-critics-in-greece-exposed-in-secret-documents\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/intelnews.org\/2016\/12\/09\/01-2023\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/more-secret-documents-confirming-vast-turkish-espionage-activities-in-greece-uncovered\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.skai.gr\/news\/greece\/dyo-syllipseis-ellinon-gia-kataskopeia-sti-rodo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-kosovo-security-turkey-idUSKBN1H70CC<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/opinion\/murat-yetkin\/turkish-intelligence-unveils-secret-codes-used-before-coup-attempt-103843<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2018\/09\/turkish-teachers-detained-moldova-gulen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/balkaninsight.com\/2018\/09\/06\/six-turkish-professors-detained-by-moldovan-secret-services-09-06-2018\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/turkeypurge.com\/turkey-spying-imams-active-also-in-norway<\/a> ; https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/turkeys-autocratic-president-erdogans-spying-profiling-expands-in-norway\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/kafila.org\/www-matthewaid-com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/report-sweden-launches-espionage-probe-into-turkish-govt-representatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/politics\/undiplomatic_swiss-eye-alleged-turkish-kidnapping-attempt\/43973170 ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/swiss-foreign-minister-warns-turkey-against-illegal-spying-111199 ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/eu-affairs\/2017\/05\/01\/as-anti-turkish-politics-grip-europe-turkish-swiss-policeman-arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-brings-key-feto-suspect-from-ukraine-to-turkey-134608<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.meforum.org\/60976\/turkish-spy-agency-mit-intelligence-gathering-australia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-court\/egypt-detains-29-people-on-suspicion-of-espionage-for-turkey-idUSKBN1DM1AN<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/33764\/In-Pictures-Egypt-foils-Turkish-espionage-attempt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-agency-brings-three-feto-members-from-gabon-to-turkey-130050<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/turkey\/turkish-intelligence-agency-rescues-a-kidnapped-italian-citizen-in-kenya-36192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20190807-libyan-national-army-turkish-intelligence-is-operating-in-tripoli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/11\/27\/senior-feto-figure-captured-by-turkish-intelligence-in-sudan\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Le cauchemar du contr\u00f4le \u00e9lectronique total<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hakan Fidan (\u00e0 gauche), Bayrat Albarak (au centre) et Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan (\u00e0 droite), les directeurs de la terreur t\u00e9l\u00e9matique d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par le gouvernement d'Ankara<\/sub><\/strong>[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'op\u00e9ration est dirig\u00e9e par Hakan Fidan, un ami proche d'Erdo\u011fan et chef du service de renseignement turc (MIT \u2013 Mill\u00ee \u0130stihbarat Te\u015fkil\u00e2t\u0131) : c'est un sergent qui, apr\u00e8s avoir rencontr\u00e9 le futur dictateur, a suivi sa carri\u00e8re de chef de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 personnelle puis progressivement atteint un cadre d'espionnage militaire, au point qu'en novembre 2020, suite \u00e0 la d\u00e9mission du gendre d'Erdo\u011fan, Berat Albayrak[6]<\/sup><\/a> (qui a financ\u00e9 l'EI dans le cadre de sa coop\u00e9ration avec l'Irak[7]<\/sup><\/a>, ainsi que sa participation au scandale de la manipulation des r\u00e9sultats de la Ligue turque de football a eu des ennuis)[8]<\/sup><\/a>, il est devenu le principal candidat \u00e0 la fonction du nouveau ministre des Finances[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Albayrak n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi pour ses comp\u00e9tences en \u00e9conomie, mais parce qu'il est le coordinateur de tout un projet de contr\u00f4le t\u00e9l\u00e9matique, pour lequel le r\u00e9gime, apr\u00e8s avoir form\u00e9 un million de hackers d'\u00c9tat, contr\u00f4lera toutes les transactions \u00e9conomiques de chaque entreprise et de chaque citoyen[10]<\/sup><\/a> : officiellement pour emp\u00eacher l\u2019\u00e9vasion fiscale. Le fait que Hakan Fidan soit \u00e0 la t\u00eate de ce nouveau minist\u00e8re depuis janvier 2021 rend tout clair et simple.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdo\u011fan a depuis transform\u00e9 le bureau du Premier ministre en une agence gouvernementale enregistr\u00e9e[11]<\/sup><\/a> qui contr\u00f4le certains consulats turcs \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger \u2013 comme Atlanta, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, Washington DC (USA), Burnaby (Canada) et Rabat (Maroc)[12]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 et de bien s\u00fbr le MIT[13]<\/sup><\/a> aussi. Dans chacune de ces agences, Hakan Fidan joue le r\u00f4le de directeur ex\u00e9cutif[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Peut-\u00eatre parce que le MIT n'est pas seulement actif en Turquie, mais partout dans le monde ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 19 janvier 2014, la gendarmerie turque a bloqu\u00e9 deux camions \u00e0 destination de la Syrie qui \u00e9taient pleins d'armes[15]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 des armes destin\u00e9es \u00e0 aider l'arm\u00e9e du califat (EI)[16]<\/sup><\/a> transport\u00e9es par des agents du MIT[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Erdo\u011fan a d'abord affirm\u00e9 qu'il s'agissait d'une aide humanitaire[18]<\/sup><\/a>, mais certains journalistes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 filmer le camion et le mensonge a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9couvert. R\u00e9sultat : les 13 gendarmes qui ont arr\u00eat\u00e9 les camions ont \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 de longues peines de prison[19]<\/sup><\/a> ; Les juges d'instruction ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9mis de leurs fonctions et inculp\u00e9s[20]<\/sup><\/a> ; les journalistes impliqu\u00e9s dans l'enregistrement ou la publication des informations ont \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq ans de prison[21]<\/sup><\/a>. La police a re\u00e7u de nouveaux ordres : n'emp\u00eachez jamais les v\u00e9hicules du MIT d'aller \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'une des t\u00e2ches du MIT est de combattre la secte Hizmet et son pr\u00e9dicateur Fethullah G\u00fclen (en tapant sur les t\u00e9l\u00e9phones et Internet, en traquant, en enlevant, en torturant, en assassinant[22]<\/sup><\/a>) en Turquie et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Cependant, la t\u00e2che principale du MIT est de combattre les opposants \u00e0 l'ext\u00e9rieur du pays. Environ 500 responsables du MIT et plus de 6000 informateurs sont actifs en Allemagne \u2013 une structure encore plus grande et plus puissante que STASI \u00e0 l'\u00e9poque de la RDA[24]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 dont le but n'est pas seulement d'observer et de signaler les citoyens turcs qui ont \u00e9migr\u00e9 en Europe, mais aussi d'intervenir physiquement[25]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'un des objectifs du MIT est d'intercepter les communications pour cr\u00e9er des preuves fictives contre les critiques du r\u00e9gime d'Ankara et pour justifier leur enl\u00e8vement et leur torture[26]<\/sup><\/a>. Une strat\u00e9gie que le MIT poursuit \u00e9galement dans plusieurs autres pays du monde \u2013 par exemple en Autriche[27]<\/sup><\/a>, Belgique[28]<\/sup><\/a>, R\u00e9publique tch\u00e8que[29]<\/sup><\/a>, France[30]<\/sup><\/a>, Gr\u00e8ce[31]<\/sup><\/a>, Kosovo[32]<\/sup><\/a>, Lituanie[33]<\/sup><\/a>, Moldavie[34]<\/sup><\/a>, Norv\u00e8ge[35]<\/sup><\/a>, Serbie[36]<\/sup><\/a>, Su\u00e8de[37]<\/sup><\/a>, Suisse[38]<\/sup><\/a>, Ukraine[39]<\/sup><\/a>, Royaume-Uni[40]<\/sup><\/a> , Australie[41]<\/sup><\/a>, \u00c9gypte[42]<\/sup><\/a>, Gabon[43]<\/sup><\/a>, Kenya[44]<\/sup><\/a>, Libye[45]<\/sup><\/a>, Soudan[46]<\/sup><\/a>, \u00c9tats-Unis[47]<\/sup><\/a>, Arm\u00e9nie[48]<\/sup><\/a>, Azerba\u00efdjan[49]<\/sup><\/a>, G\u00e9orgie[50]<\/sup><\/a>, Irak[51]<\/sup><\/a>, Malaisie[52]<\/sup><\/a>, Mongolie[53]<\/sup><\/a>, Pakistan[54]<\/sup><\/a> et Syrie, o\u00f9 le gouvernement turc se bat avec sa propre arm\u00e9e et soutient l'EI[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Technologie allemande pour le tortionnaire d'Erdo\u011fan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Comment fonctionne l'application FishSpy de FinFisher GmbH \u00e0 Munich \u2013 le c\u0153ur battant du syst\u00e8me d'espionnage turc du MIT<\/sub><\/strong>[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le syst\u00e8me complexe de contr\u00f4le, de piratage, d'interception et de falsification n\u00e9cessaire pour surveiller des millions de personnes n'est pas un jouet. Des ONG de toute l'Europe recherchent qui a d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 une telle technologie et l'a trouv\u00e9e en Allemagne \u2013 elle s'appelle FinSpy et est produite par trois soci\u00e9t\u00e9s du groupe Gamma International : FinFisher GmbH Munich, FinFisher Labs GmbH Munich et Elaman GmbH Munich. Quatre organisations ont pu le prouver \u00e0 la justice allemande[57]<\/sup><\/a> : Reporters sans fronti\u00e8res de Berlin (actif dans toute l'Europe, principalement pr\u00e9occup\u00e9 par la libert\u00e9 de la presse[58]<\/sup><\/a>), GFF Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Freiheitsrechte de Berlin (tr\u00e8s active dans la surveillance des activit\u00e9s ill\u00e9gales du BND et d'autres services secrets allemands[59]<\/sup><\/a>), Netzpolitik.org \u00e0 Berlin (un journal en ligne[60]<\/sup><\/a>) et le Centre europ\u00e9en pour la Constitution et les droits de l'homme \u00e0 Berlin[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le parquet de Munich lance une enqu\u00eate p\u00e9nale sur la base des preuves pr\u00e9sent\u00e9es par ces ONG : les entreprises bavaroises susmentionn\u00e9es ont viol\u00e9 la loi sur le commerce ext\u00e9rieur[62]<\/sup><\/a> sur au moins six points et ont non seulement vendu FinSpy \u00e0 la Turquie, mais aussi aux gouvernements de nombreux autres pays, y compris Bahre\u00efn, l'\u00c9gypte, l'\u00c9thiopie, la Libye, le Kazakhstan, l'Arabie saoudite et le Venezuela[63]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 tous des pays qui soul\u00e8vent de graves pr\u00e9occupations quant \u00e0 la nature d\u00e9mocratique du syst\u00e8me politique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enqu\u00eate a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que ces trois soci\u00e9t\u00e9s n'en \u00e9taient qu'\u00e0 l'origine une, Gamma International UK Ltd. Winchester, contre qui une enqu\u00eate ouverte en 2013 par les autorit\u00e9s judiciaires britanniques[64]<\/sup><\/a> a \u00e9t\u00e9 bloqu\u00e9e, qui aurait mis l'entreprise sur la liste noire de l'OCDE[65]<\/sup><\/a> fin 2016 \u2013 une mesure qui interdit \u00e0 quiconque dans le monde de faire affaire avec ce groupe industriel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enqu\u00eate britannique s'est limit\u00e9e \u00e0 l'analyse de la vente de FinSpy \u00e0 Bahre\u00efn, tandis que l'enqu\u00eate allemande, accompagn\u00e9e d'un grand nombre de t\u00e9moignages de victimes de la terreur du r\u00e9gime d'Erdo\u011fan en Turquie et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, va beaucoup plus loin et constate que FinSpy a \u00e9t\u00e9 vendu ill\u00e9galement dans 36 pays[66]<\/sup><\/a>, il y a d'\u00e9normes centres de stockage de donn\u00e9es dans 11 pays[67]<\/sup><\/a>, de sorte qu'on soup\u00e7onne maintenant qu'il y a beaucoup d'autres crimes cach\u00e9s derri\u00e8re les faits connus[68]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est pourquoi le parquet de Munich a ordonn\u00e9 une perquisition des locaux de la capitale bavaroise, mais aussi de la branche roumaine du groupe Gamma International[69]<\/sup><\/a>, en octobre 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il est presque impossible de se d\u00e9fendre contre FinSpy : le malware s'installe avec de fausses mises \u00e0 jour d\u00e9guis\u00e9es en officielles, via des e-mails avec de fausses pi\u00e8ces jointes ou \u00e0 travers des failles de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans le logiciel \u2013 comme Avira[70]<\/sup><\/a> ou iTunes d'Apple \u2013 et ensuite via les fausses plates-formes du principaux moteurs de recherche, installations Mac et Linux[71]<\/sup><\/a>, programmes de messagerie \u00e9lectronique, r\u00e9seaux sociaux, sites Web pour les achats en ligne[72]<\/sup><\/a>. L\u00e0 o\u00f9 le malware de Gamma International ne parvient pas, celui de l'\u00e9quipe de piratage de David Vincenzetti[73]<\/sup><\/a> est l\u00e0[74]<\/sup><\/a>. Mais cette soci\u00e9t\u00e9 n'est plus l\u00e0, Gamma l'a surpass\u00e9e, ses fondateurs sont r\u00e9partis dans de nombreuses petites entreprises[75]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re les poup\u00e9es Matriochka?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

En 2015, le Citizen Lab Institute de Toronto avait identifi\u00e9 35 pays qui utilisaient ill\u00e9galement les applications du groupe Gamma \/ FinFisher<\/sub><\/strong>[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enqu\u00eate du parquet de Munich laisse un go\u00fbt un peu amer dans la bouche: comment est-il possible qu'une plainte de quatre ONG ait \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9cessaire pour enqu\u00eate ? Il est logique que le soup\u00e7on d'hypocrisie surgisse, surtout en sachant que les services secrets allemands (BND) avaient d\u00e9cern\u00e9 \u00e0 Stephan Oelkers de Gamma International les Big Brother Awards en 2012, car Gamma \u00e9tait \u00ab la meilleure entreprise au monde intrusion de syst\u00e8mes informatiques et installation de logiciels de surveillance<\/em> (...) Gamma propose ses services sur son site Internet \u2013 bien que le d\u00e9veloppement et la distribution de ce type de logiciel espion soient interdits par le droit p\u00e9nal allemand (Par. 282c StGB). Cependant, cela ne s'applique qu'aux clients priv\u00e9s, pas aux ventes aux autorit\u00e9s nationales ou \u00e0 la police secr\u00e8te d'une dictature \u00e9trang\u00e8re. C'est la raison pour laquelle le parquet de Munich a refus\u00e9 d'engager une proc\u00e9dure p\u00e9nale contre Gamma<\/em> \u00bb[77]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref : tout le monde savait tout, mais il y a huit ans, le procureur de Munich pensait que c'\u00e9tait une bagatelle tant que cette technologie monstrueuse \u00e9tait utilis\u00e9e par les dictatures pour opprimer leur propre peuple.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour \u00eatre pr\u00e9cis, nous en savons beaucoup sur les activit\u00e9s ill\u00e9gales de ce groupe depuis 1973 (lorsque les ordinateurs \u00e9taient des jouets et que l'espionnage consistait \u00e0 infiltrer des hommes louches dans des salles secr\u00e8tes \u00e0 l'aide d'un appareil microfilmant des documents interdits) de personnes dispers\u00e9es dans la campagne anglaise, dans le port de Hambourg, dans la capitale bavaroise ou dans les bidonvilles du Cap Town. L'histoire commence par un c\u00e2ble que l'ambassade am\u00e9ricaine \u00e0 Bonn a envoy\u00e9 aux autorit\u00e9s f\u00e9d\u00e9rales \u2013 un message signalant les activit\u00e9s suspectes d'un d\u00e9taillant d'\u00e9lectronique n\u00e9erlandais bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Hambourg, Peter Kluever[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La CIA d\u00e9cide d'investir dans cet homme, tout comme l'arm\u00e9e allemande. En 1981, ses deux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s PK Electronics et PKI Electronic Intelligence GmbH avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 des contrats avec le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. En 1983, le prince h\u00e9ritier d'Arabie saoudite, Abdullah Ibn Nasir IBn Abd al-Asis Al Sa'ud, visite Hambourg et les g\u00e9n\u00e9raux allemands lui montrent les effets de l'utilisation de la technologie Kluever sur l'efficacit\u00e9 et la cadence de tir des chars L\u00e9opard \u2013 qui le gouvernement de Moved Riyadh pour acqu\u00e9rir cette technologie[79]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 1987, Oelkers s'est envol\u00e9 pour P\u00e9kin pour une d\u00e9monstration de ses nouvelles puces et a ravi les g\u00e9n\u00e9raux chinois qui sont devenus une partie de sa client\u00e8le[80]<\/sup><\/a>. Dans le cadre des accords sign\u00e9s avec les \u00c9tats-Unis, \u00e0 partir de 1985, Kluever a vendu une technologie d'espionnage am\u00e9ricaine tr\u00e8s moderne (d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e par l'Ocean Applied Research Corporation \u00e0 San Diego[81]<\/sup><\/a> et distribu\u00e9e par le groupe CompuDyne Corporation en Pennsylvanie[82]<\/sup><\/a>) \u00e0 Muhammar Ghaddafi en Libye, \u00e0 Hafiz Al -Assad en Syrie, \u00e0 Haji Mohammad Suharto en Indon\u00e9sie \u2013 les trois pr\u00e9sidents l'utilisent pour intercepter les appels t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques et les \u00e9missions radio des opposants, des arm\u00e9es \u00e9trang\u00e8res et des groupes rebelles[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En vieillissant, Kluever vendra son entreprise (le PK Electronics Group \u00e0 Hambourg) \u00e0 deux ing\u00e9nieurs, l'Allemand Stephan Oelkers et l'Anglais William Louthean Nelson. Ce dernier avait commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 diriger le bureau de P\u00e9kin en 1985 et avait cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre soci\u00e9t\u00e9, Personal Protection Products Ltd. Hong Kong[84]<\/sup><\/a>, en 1992, qui jusqu'en 1994, via sa filiale de Hull[85]<\/sup><\/a>, vendait des dispositifs d'\u00e9coute utilis\u00e9s par les services secrets britanniques pour combattre l'IRA en Ulster[86]<\/sup><\/a>. Lorsque Kluever prendra sa retraite, PK Electronics sera transmis \u00e0 William Nelson et \u00e0 son fils Louthean John Alexander Nelson, les fondateurs du groupe Gamma International[87]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le sch\u00e9ma des participations du Groupe Gamma International ainsi que des personnes et soci\u00e9t\u00e9s associ\u00e9es \u2013 \u00a9 IBI World Ltd. London<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une nouvelle \u00e8re commence dans laquelle les anciennes \u00e9coutes t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques seront bient\u00f4t surmont\u00e9es et oubli\u00e9es. Le jeune Louthean commence \u00e0 travailler avec Niels J\u00f8rgen Tobiasen et ses deux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s : The CBRN Team Ltd. Londres[88]<\/sup><\/a> et The Phoenix Hazard Training Ltd. Darlington[89]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est une op\u00e9ration industrielle qui est n\u00e9e d'un contrat de fourniture d'armes chimiques, biologiques, radiologiques et nucl\u00e9aires \u00e0 l'Ouganda[90]<\/sup><\/a> qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9goci\u00e9 avec un membre du gouvernement, Ananias Tumukunde, qui avait accept\u00e9 un pot-de-vin de 40000 \u00a3[91]<\/sup><\/a>. Une op\u00e9ration qui s'est termin\u00e9e par l'arrestation de Tumukunde \u00e0 Kampala et de Tobiasen \u00e0 Londres en juillet 2007[92]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au cours de ces ann\u00e9es, Louthean Nelson a \u00e9galement tent\u00e9 de faciliter une collaboration avec l'\u00e9quipe de piratage de David Vincenzetti : avec l'un des meilleurs hackers du groupe milanais, Alberto Pelliccione, Nelson a essay\u00e9 apr\u00e8s un certain temps de trouver un syst\u00e8me pour pirater les appareils Nokia \u2013 mais Pelliccione change d\u2019avis quand il d\u00e9couvre que Nelson a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 livrer des armes aux pays touch\u00e9s par les sanctions internationales par l'interm\u00e9diaire d'une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qui a maintenant \u00e9t\u00e9 liquid\u00e9e, Cyan Engineering Services SAL Beirut[93]<\/sup><\/a>. Quelque chose avec lequel Pelliccione ne veut rien avoir \u00e0 voir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'entreprise suivante est peut-\u00eatre encore plus \u00e9tonnante : Nelson fonde Elaman et d\u00e9localise certaines activit\u00e9s en Suisse[94]<\/sup><\/a> parce qu'il fait de nouveau affaire avec l'ancien partenaire de son p\u00e8re, Stephan Oelkers. Oelkers a convaincu Nelson de d\u00e9placer son centre d'op\u00e9rations de Hambourg \u00e0 Munich et d'accepter un nouveau partenaire, Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt. Cela devrait travailler avec les services secrets autrichiens[95]<\/sup><\/a> et tenter de reprendre la station de Bad Aibling \u00e0 la NSA (American Military Intelligence)[96]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est une tentation imposante et extr\u00eamement symbolique : la station d'interception de Bad Aibling est n\u00e9e en 1936 comme a\u00e9roport militaire et centre radar de la Luftwaffe, et \u00e0 la fin de la guerre, l'arm\u00e9e am\u00e9ricaine l'a convertie en camp de transit pour les prisonniers de guerre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s et victimes des camps de concentration nationaux-socialistes. Un camp de concentration tr\u00e8s c\u00e9l\u00e8bre que les \u00e9crivains G\u00fcnther Grass et Joseph Ratzinger (le futur pape Beno\u00eet XVI)[97]<\/sup><\/a> ont travers\u00e9. De 1952 jusqu'\u00e0 la fermeture, demand\u00e9e par l'Union europ\u00e9enne en 2001 et r\u00e9alis\u00e9e en 2004 (officiellement, puisque l'installation \u00e9tait toujours en activit\u00e9 en 2013[98]<\/sup><\/a>), la NSA de Bad Aibling a assembl\u00e9 ses syst\u00e8mes Echelon[99]<\/sup><\/a> pour intercepter les communications t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques du plan\u00e8te enti\u00e8re[100]<\/sup><\/a>. La prise de contr\u00f4le de la station NSA aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 la cons\u00e9cration de Nelson et de ses employ\u00e9s \u00e0 une entreprise d'importance mondiale et au pouvoir presque illimit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les n\u00e9gociations n'\u00e9taient pas termin\u00e9es lorsque FinFisher a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 vendre son FinSpy \u00e0 la Turquie et le monde entier a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 voir le danger. Apr\u00e8s les recherches \u00e0 Munich, en Suisse et en Roumanie, Nelson a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 liquider toutes les entreprises le plus rapidement possible: certaines d'entre elles (Computplus Ltd., G2 Systems Ltd., Gamma 2000 Ltd., Gamma 2000 Waste Management Ltd., Gamma International (UK) Ltd.) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 liquid\u00e9s d\u00e9but f\u00e9vrier 2021 au moment de la r\u00e9daction de cet article[101]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'y a pas de retour en arri\u00e8re<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

14 avril 2007 : Plus d'un million de citoyens pacifiques protestent contre l'abolition de la libert\u00e9 et contre un r\u00e9gime qui a transform\u00e9 leur patrie en un enfer d'oppression, de violence et de mis\u00e8re. Une sc\u00e8ne d'humanit\u00e9 passionnante qui pourrait difficilement \u00eatre r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9e<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, cela ne change pas la substance des choses. Aujourd'hui, f\u00e9vrier 2021, le gouvernement et ses agences de renseignement dans au moins 40 pays \u00e0 travers le monde, dont la grande majorit\u00e9 est dirig\u00e9e par une dictature, ont entre les mains des logiciels qui vont non seulement au-del\u00e0 des sc\u00e9narios apocalyptiques d\u00e9crits par George Orwell, mais aussi du \"Br\u00e9sil<\/em>\" de Terry Gilliam : D\u00e9sormais, un r\u00e9gime n'a plus besoin de d\u00e9couvrir que quelqu'un pr\u00e9pare un complot pour les isoler, les torturer, les condamner et les exterminer. L'\u00c9tat peut cr\u00e9er des preuves d'un simple clic d'ordinateur, en utilisant un logiciel qui en un milli\u00e8me de seconde condamnera chacun de nous et impliquera chacun de nos proches dans notre destruction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 o\u00f9 l'ali\u00e9nation de l'individu du contexte commun a d\u00e9j\u00e0 atteint des proportions inqui\u00e9tantes, les logiciels d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s et vendus par une petite poign\u00e9e de criminels totalement inconnus du public ont permis \u00e0 l'humanit\u00e9 de s'engager sur un chemin de non-retour : celui o\u00f9 il n'y a plus rien de vrai et de v\u00e9rifiable dans lequel chacun de nous doit douter de qui est autour de nous, et m\u00eame (et plus encore) nous-m\u00eames.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La faiblesse et la superficialit\u00e9 avec lesquelles les gouvernements occidentaux (en particulier les \u00c9tats-Unis, l'Allemagne et le Royaume-Uni) ont permis \u00e0 ce logiciel d'\u00eatre distribu\u00e9 \u00e0 travers la plan\u00e8te pour des calculs purement \u00e9go\u00efstes sont impardonnables et le signe que 75 ans apr\u00e8s la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale , 30 ans apr\u00e8s la fin de la guerre froide, et la peur d'un conflit nucl\u00e9aire lorsque la nature se rebelle contre la mani\u00e8re insens\u00e9e dont nous la d\u00e9truisons, les gens ont franchi la limite ultime \u2013 ceux dans lesquels l'ennemi qui tue ne vient pas de l'ext\u00e9rieur, mais de l'int\u00e9rieur \u2013 et est inexorable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/65-in-yuzbinleri-6335051<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/6554851.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/laik-turkiye-icin-caglayan-a-6426626<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/3-miting-3-mesaj-6462629<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/izmir-rekor-bekliyor-6495436<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/turkey-used-german-spy-software-on-opposition-politicians-and-activists\/a-43787769<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/en\/content\/turkish-spy-networks-control-opponents<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-39416954<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.birgun.net\/haber\/iddia-pelikancilar-hakan-fidan-gitsin-diyor-283382<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trthaber.com\/haber\/gundem\/iletisim-baskanligi-berat-albayrakin-gorevden-af-talebi-kabul-edilmistir-529559.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/europe\/russia-accuses-president-erdogan-s-son-law-being-linked-isis-oil-trade-a6761436.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2016\/09\/turkey-redhackers-daunt-the-erdogan-family.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepressproject.gr\/exclusive-wikileaks-documents-relations-erdogan-isis-oil-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.duvarenglish.com\/sport\/2020\/02\/10\/politics-in-stadiums-fenerbahce-fans-urge-minister-albayrak-to-keep-hands-off-football<\/a> ; https:\/\/odatv4.com\/fenerbahceliler-damata-karsi-ayaga-kalkti-02022031.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Intelligence Online, \u201cHakan Fidan close to ministerial promotion<\/em>\u201d, see in 2020.11.18 Hakan Fidan Minister<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-launches-project-to-train-1-million-software-developers-154081<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> 2017.04.13 T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mill%C3%AE_%C4%B0stihbarat_Te%C5%9Fkil%C3%A2t%C4%B1#Leitung<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> Hakan Fidan on Nexis, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/t24.com.tr\/haber\/adanada-3-tir-durduruldu-arama-yapiliyor,248707<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> 1000 colpi di mortaio, 1000 colpi di artiglieria, 50\u2019000 fucili d'assalto e 30\u2019000 munizioni per mitragliatrice \u2013 see in https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529223636\/http:\/\/www.aktifhaber.com\/devlet-sirri-denilen-mit-tirlari-ile-ilgili-tapeler-1053377h.htm#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.haber7.com\/guncel\/haber\/1121773-mit-tirlari-neden-durduruldu ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aljazeera.com.tr\/haber\/mit-tirlari-boyle-durduruldu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/bianet.org\/bianet\/insan-haklari\/155519-tir-lari-durdurmakla-suclanan-13-askere-muebbet-istendi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milliyet.com.tr\/gundem\/mit-tirlari-olayinda-yeni-gelisme-5-savci-gorevden-uzaklastirildi-1999064<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/erdogandan-canli-yayinda-can-dundara-tehdit-288885<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.faz.net\/aktuell\/politik\/ausland\/europa\/tuerkei\/tuerkei-kampf-gegen-die-soldaten-des-lichts-12715816.html?printPagedArticle=true#pageIndex_3<\/a> ; https:\/\/taz.de\/Wie-Guelen-zum-Staatsfeind-Nr-1-wurde\/!5323191\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2021\/02\/03\/son-dakika-istihbarattaki-fetocu-generalden-bomba-itiraflar-tegmen-rutbemi-fetullah-gulen-takti<\/a> ; https:\/\/tr.sputniknews.com\/turkiye\/202001211041211454-sozcu-ilker-basbugu-cezaevine-attiran-feto-mektubunu-acikliyoruz\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.genios.de\/presse-archiv\/artikel\/FAZ\/20171111\/jagd-auf-die-guelenisten\/FR1201711115279571.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nadir.org\/nadir\/initiativ\/isku\/hintergrund\/geheimdienste\/geheim994.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/tuerkischer-geheimdienst-liess-erdogan-gegner-in-deutschland-ausspionieren\/12027820.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article157778863\/Erdogans-Agenten-bedrohen-Tuerken-in-Deutschland.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html ;  https:\/\/www.derstandard.at\/story\/1397522175727\/geheimdienst-staat-tuerkei<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2020\/09\/turkey-austria-spy-nehammer-kurdish-clashes-protests-vienna.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/austria-turkey-espionage-int-idUSKBN25S4R5<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/10\/13\/world\/europe\/turkey-austria-erdogan-assassin.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/global-europe\/news\/flemish-minister-turkish-sponosred-mosque-is-nest-of-spies\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/07\/06\/influenced-by-gulenists-belgium-targets-turkish-mosques-fighting-extremism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/erdogan-critics-listed-by-turkish-embassy-in-prague-were-included-in-bogus-terrorism-probe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turk-greek-ties-strained-by-arson-row-10324<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-greece-germany-spying\/greek-police-arrest-german-on-suspicion-of-spying-idUSBRE97208820130803<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kathimerini.gr\/society\/896001\/istories-me-kataskopoys-sto-aigaio\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.larissanet.gr\/2019\/06\/21\/dikazetai-sti-rodo-kataskopos-tis-tourkias\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/ahvalnews.com\/mit\/turkish-intelligence-recruits-eu-retirees-spy-greece<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/04\/turkish-intelligence-operations-targeting-critics-in-greece-exposed-in-secret-documents\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/intelnews.org\/2016\/12\/09\/01-2023\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/more-secret-documents-confirming-vast-turkish-espionage-activities-in-greece-uncovered\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.skai.gr\/news\/greece\/dyo-syllipseis-ellinon-gia-kataskopeia-sti-rodo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-kosovo-security-turkey-idUSKBN1H70CC<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/opinion\/murat-yetkin\/turkish-intelligence-unveils-secret-codes-used-before-coup-attempt-103843<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2018\/09\/turkish-teachers-detained-moldova-gulen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/balkaninsight.com\/2018\/09\/06\/six-turkish-professors-detained-by-moldovan-secret-services-09-06-2018\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/turkeypurge.com\/turkey-spying-imams-active-also-in-norway<\/a> ; https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/turkeys-autocratic-president-erdogans-spying-profiling-expands-in-norway\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/kafila.org\/www-matthewaid-com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/report-sweden-launches-espionage-probe-into-turkish-govt-representatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/politics\/undiplomatic_swiss-eye-alleged-turkish-kidnapping-attempt\/43973170 ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/swiss-foreign-minister-warns-turkey-against-illegal-spying-111199 ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/eu-affairs\/2017\/05\/01\/as-anti-turkish-politics-grip-europe-turkish-swiss-policeman-arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-brings-key-feto-suspect-from-ukraine-to-turkey-134608<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.meforum.org\/60976\/turkish-spy-agency-mit-intelligence-gathering-australia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-court\/egypt-detains-29-people-on-suspicion-of-espionage-for-turkey-idUSKBN1DM1AN<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/33764\/In-Pictures-Egypt-foils-Turkish-espionage-attempt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-agency-brings-three-feto-members-from-gabon-to-turkey-130050<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/turkey\/turkish-intelligence-agency-rescues-a-kidnapped-italian-citizen-in-kenya-36192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20190807-libyan-national-army-turkish-intelligence-is-operating-in-tripoli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/11\/27\/senior-feto-figure-captured-by-turkish-intelligence-in-sudan\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

L'op\u00e9ration consiste \u00e0 \u00e9couter tous les t\u00e9l\u00e9phones portables en Turquie, \u00e0 espionner leurs contacts, \u00e0 lire les \u00e9changes de messages, \u00e0 ins\u00e9rer de fausses donn\u00e9es et conversations pour identifier les m\u00e9contents et \u00e0 cr\u00e9er sur leurs appareils de fausses preuves de leur participation \u00e0 un complot terroriste[3]<\/sup><\/a>. Une op\u00e9ration de cynisme et de brutalit\u00e9, \u00e0 la fois physique et psychologique, qui va bien au-del\u00e0 des cauchemars que George Orwell a racont\u00e9s dans ses romans sur l'apocalypse sociale. Quand Erdo\u011fan s'est rendu compte que cela ne suffirait pas, le dictateur a \u00e9largi l'audition et la falsification des communications \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, dans des pays comme la Gr\u00e8ce, l'Australie ou l'Allemagne, o\u00f9 vivent des milliers de Turcs qui ont fui leur patrie[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cauchemar du contr\u00f4le \u00e9lectronique total<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hakan Fidan (\u00e0 gauche), Bayrat Albarak (au centre) et Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan (\u00e0 droite), les directeurs de la terreur t\u00e9l\u00e9matique d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par le gouvernement d'Ankara<\/sub><\/strong>[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'op\u00e9ration est dirig\u00e9e par Hakan Fidan, un ami proche d'Erdo\u011fan et chef du service de renseignement turc (MIT \u2013 Mill\u00ee \u0130stihbarat Te\u015fkil\u00e2t\u0131) : c'est un sergent qui, apr\u00e8s avoir rencontr\u00e9 le futur dictateur, a suivi sa carri\u00e8re de chef de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 personnelle puis progressivement atteint un cadre d'espionnage militaire, au point qu'en novembre 2020, suite \u00e0 la d\u00e9mission du gendre d'Erdo\u011fan, Berat Albayrak[6]<\/sup><\/a> (qui a financ\u00e9 l'EI dans le cadre de sa coop\u00e9ration avec l'Irak[7]<\/sup><\/a>, ainsi que sa participation au scandale de la manipulation des r\u00e9sultats de la Ligue turque de football a eu des ennuis)[8]<\/sup><\/a>, il est devenu le principal candidat \u00e0 la fonction du nouveau ministre des Finances[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Albayrak n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi pour ses comp\u00e9tences en \u00e9conomie, mais parce qu'il est le coordinateur de tout un projet de contr\u00f4le t\u00e9l\u00e9matique, pour lequel le r\u00e9gime, apr\u00e8s avoir form\u00e9 un million de hackers d'\u00c9tat, contr\u00f4lera toutes les transactions \u00e9conomiques de chaque entreprise et de chaque citoyen[10]<\/sup><\/a> : officiellement pour emp\u00eacher l\u2019\u00e9vasion fiscale. Le fait que Hakan Fidan soit \u00e0 la t\u00eate de ce nouveau minist\u00e8re depuis janvier 2021 rend tout clair et simple.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdo\u011fan a depuis transform\u00e9 le bureau du Premier ministre en une agence gouvernementale enregistr\u00e9e[11]<\/sup><\/a> qui contr\u00f4le certains consulats turcs \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger \u2013 comme Atlanta, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, Washington DC (USA), Burnaby (Canada) et Rabat (Maroc)[12]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 et de bien s\u00fbr le MIT[13]<\/sup><\/a> aussi. Dans chacune de ces agences, Hakan Fidan joue le r\u00f4le de directeur ex\u00e9cutif[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Peut-\u00eatre parce que le MIT n'est pas seulement actif en Turquie, mais partout dans le monde ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 19 janvier 2014, la gendarmerie turque a bloqu\u00e9 deux camions \u00e0 destination de la Syrie qui \u00e9taient pleins d'armes[15]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 des armes destin\u00e9es \u00e0 aider l'arm\u00e9e du califat (EI)[16]<\/sup><\/a> transport\u00e9es par des agents du MIT[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Erdo\u011fan a d'abord affirm\u00e9 qu'il s'agissait d'une aide humanitaire[18]<\/sup><\/a>, mais certains journalistes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 filmer le camion et le mensonge a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9couvert. R\u00e9sultat : les 13 gendarmes qui ont arr\u00eat\u00e9 les camions ont \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 de longues peines de prison[19]<\/sup><\/a> ; Les juges d'instruction ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9mis de leurs fonctions et inculp\u00e9s[20]<\/sup><\/a> ; les journalistes impliqu\u00e9s dans l'enregistrement ou la publication des informations ont \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq ans de prison[21]<\/sup><\/a>. La police a re\u00e7u de nouveaux ordres : n'emp\u00eachez jamais les v\u00e9hicules du MIT d'aller \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'une des t\u00e2ches du MIT est de combattre la secte Hizmet et son pr\u00e9dicateur Fethullah G\u00fclen (en tapant sur les t\u00e9l\u00e9phones et Internet, en traquant, en enlevant, en torturant, en assassinant[22]<\/sup><\/a>) en Turquie et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Cependant, la t\u00e2che principale du MIT est de combattre les opposants \u00e0 l'ext\u00e9rieur du pays. Environ 500 responsables du MIT et plus de 6000 informateurs sont actifs en Allemagne \u2013 une structure encore plus grande et plus puissante que STASI \u00e0 l'\u00e9poque de la RDA[24]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 dont le but n'est pas seulement d'observer et de signaler les citoyens turcs qui ont \u00e9migr\u00e9 en Europe, mais aussi d'intervenir physiquement[25]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'un des objectifs du MIT est d'intercepter les communications pour cr\u00e9er des preuves fictives contre les critiques du r\u00e9gime d'Ankara et pour justifier leur enl\u00e8vement et leur torture[26]<\/sup><\/a>. Une strat\u00e9gie que le MIT poursuit \u00e9galement dans plusieurs autres pays du monde \u2013 par exemple en Autriche[27]<\/sup><\/a>, Belgique[28]<\/sup><\/a>, R\u00e9publique tch\u00e8que[29]<\/sup><\/a>, France[30]<\/sup><\/a>, Gr\u00e8ce[31]<\/sup><\/a>, Kosovo[32]<\/sup><\/a>, Lituanie[33]<\/sup><\/a>, Moldavie[34]<\/sup><\/a>, Norv\u00e8ge[35]<\/sup><\/a>, Serbie[36]<\/sup><\/a>, Su\u00e8de[37]<\/sup><\/a>, Suisse[38]<\/sup><\/a>, Ukraine[39]<\/sup><\/a>, Royaume-Uni[40]<\/sup><\/a> , Australie[41]<\/sup><\/a>, \u00c9gypte[42]<\/sup><\/a>, Gabon[43]<\/sup><\/a>, Kenya[44]<\/sup><\/a>, Libye[45]<\/sup><\/a>, Soudan[46]<\/sup><\/a>, \u00c9tats-Unis[47]<\/sup><\/a>, Arm\u00e9nie[48]<\/sup><\/a>, Azerba\u00efdjan[49]<\/sup><\/a>, G\u00e9orgie[50]<\/sup><\/a>, Irak[51]<\/sup><\/a>, Malaisie[52]<\/sup><\/a>, Mongolie[53]<\/sup><\/a>, Pakistan[54]<\/sup><\/a> et Syrie, o\u00f9 le gouvernement turc se bat avec sa propre arm\u00e9e et soutient l'EI[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Technologie allemande pour le tortionnaire d'Erdo\u011fan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Comment fonctionne l'application FishSpy de FinFisher GmbH \u00e0 Munich \u2013 le c\u0153ur battant du syst\u00e8me d'espionnage turc du MIT<\/sub><\/strong>[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le syst\u00e8me complexe de contr\u00f4le, de piratage, d'interception et de falsification n\u00e9cessaire pour surveiller des millions de personnes n'est pas un jouet. Des ONG de toute l'Europe recherchent qui a d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 une telle technologie et l'a trouv\u00e9e en Allemagne \u2013 elle s'appelle FinSpy et est produite par trois soci\u00e9t\u00e9s du groupe Gamma International : FinFisher GmbH Munich, FinFisher Labs GmbH Munich et Elaman GmbH Munich. Quatre organisations ont pu le prouver \u00e0 la justice allemande[57]<\/sup><\/a> : Reporters sans fronti\u00e8res de Berlin (actif dans toute l'Europe, principalement pr\u00e9occup\u00e9 par la libert\u00e9 de la presse[58]<\/sup><\/a>), GFF Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Freiheitsrechte de Berlin (tr\u00e8s active dans la surveillance des activit\u00e9s ill\u00e9gales du BND et d'autres services secrets allemands[59]<\/sup><\/a>), Netzpolitik.org \u00e0 Berlin (un journal en ligne[60]<\/sup><\/a>) et le Centre europ\u00e9en pour la Constitution et les droits de l'homme \u00e0 Berlin[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le parquet de Munich lance une enqu\u00eate p\u00e9nale sur la base des preuves pr\u00e9sent\u00e9es par ces ONG : les entreprises bavaroises susmentionn\u00e9es ont viol\u00e9 la loi sur le commerce ext\u00e9rieur[62]<\/sup><\/a> sur au moins six points et ont non seulement vendu FinSpy \u00e0 la Turquie, mais aussi aux gouvernements de nombreux autres pays, y compris Bahre\u00efn, l'\u00c9gypte, l'\u00c9thiopie, la Libye, le Kazakhstan, l'Arabie saoudite et le Venezuela[63]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 tous des pays qui soul\u00e8vent de graves pr\u00e9occupations quant \u00e0 la nature d\u00e9mocratique du syst\u00e8me politique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enqu\u00eate a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que ces trois soci\u00e9t\u00e9s n'en \u00e9taient qu'\u00e0 l'origine une, Gamma International UK Ltd. Winchester, contre qui une enqu\u00eate ouverte en 2013 par les autorit\u00e9s judiciaires britanniques[64]<\/sup><\/a> a \u00e9t\u00e9 bloqu\u00e9e, qui aurait mis l'entreprise sur la liste noire de l'OCDE[65]<\/sup><\/a> fin 2016 \u2013 une mesure qui interdit \u00e0 quiconque dans le monde de faire affaire avec ce groupe industriel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enqu\u00eate britannique s'est limit\u00e9e \u00e0 l'analyse de la vente de FinSpy \u00e0 Bahre\u00efn, tandis que l'enqu\u00eate allemande, accompagn\u00e9e d'un grand nombre de t\u00e9moignages de victimes de la terreur du r\u00e9gime d'Erdo\u011fan en Turquie et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, va beaucoup plus loin et constate que FinSpy a \u00e9t\u00e9 vendu ill\u00e9galement dans 36 pays[66]<\/sup><\/a>, il y a d'\u00e9normes centres de stockage de donn\u00e9es dans 11 pays[67]<\/sup><\/a>, de sorte qu'on soup\u00e7onne maintenant qu'il y a beaucoup d'autres crimes cach\u00e9s derri\u00e8re les faits connus[68]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est pourquoi le parquet de Munich a ordonn\u00e9 une perquisition des locaux de la capitale bavaroise, mais aussi de la branche roumaine du groupe Gamma International[69]<\/sup><\/a>, en octobre 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il est presque impossible de se d\u00e9fendre contre FinSpy : le malware s'installe avec de fausses mises \u00e0 jour d\u00e9guis\u00e9es en officielles, via des e-mails avec de fausses pi\u00e8ces jointes ou \u00e0 travers des failles de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans le logiciel \u2013 comme Avira[70]<\/sup><\/a> ou iTunes d'Apple \u2013 et ensuite via les fausses plates-formes du principaux moteurs de recherche, installations Mac et Linux[71]<\/sup><\/a>, programmes de messagerie \u00e9lectronique, r\u00e9seaux sociaux, sites Web pour les achats en ligne[72]<\/sup><\/a>. L\u00e0 o\u00f9 le malware de Gamma International ne parvient pas, celui de l'\u00e9quipe de piratage de David Vincenzetti[73]<\/sup><\/a> est l\u00e0[74]<\/sup><\/a>. Mais cette soci\u00e9t\u00e9 n'est plus l\u00e0, Gamma l'a surpass\u00e9e, ses fondateurs sont r\u00e9partis dans de nombreuses petites entreprises[75]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re les poup\u00e9es Matriochka?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

En 2015, le Citizen Lab Institute de Toronto avait identifi\u00e9 35 pays qui utilisaient ill\u00e9galement les applications du groupe Gamma \/ FinFisher<\/sub><\/strong>[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enqu\u00eate du parquet de Munich laisse un go\u00fbt un peu amer dans la bouche: comment est-il possible qu'une plainte de quatre ONG ait \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9cessaire pour enqu\u00eate ? Il est logique que le soup\u00e7on d'hypocrisie surgisse, surtout en sachant que les services secrets allemands (BND) avaient d\u00e9cern\u00e9 \u00e0 Stephan Oelkers de Gamma International les Big Brother Awards en 2012, car Gamma \u00e9tait \u00ab la meilleure entreprise au monde intrusion de syst\u00e8mes informatiques et installation de logiciels de surveillance<\/em> (...) Gamma propose ses services sur son site Internet \u2013 bien que le d\u00e9veloppement et la distribution de ce type de logiciel espion soient interdits par le droit p\u00e9nal allemand (Par. 282c StGB). Cependant, cela ne s'applique qu'aux clients priv\u00e9s, pas aux ventes aux autorit\u00e9s nationales ou \u00e0 la police secr\u00e8te d'une dictature \u00e9trang\u00e8re. C'est la raison pour laquelle le parquet de Munich a refus\u00e9 d'engager une proc\u00e9dure p\u00e9nale contre Gamma<\/em> \u00bb[77]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref : tout le monde savait tout, mais il y a huit ans, le procureur de Munich pensait que c'\u00e9tait une bagatelle tant que cette technologie monstrueuse \u00e9tait utilis\u00e9e par les dictatures pour opprimer leur propre peuple.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour \u00eatre pr\u00e9cis, nous en savons beaucoup sur les activit\u00e9s ill\u00e9gales de ce groupe depuis 1973 (lorsque les ordinateurs \u00e9taient des jouets et que l'espionnage consistait \u00e0 infiltrer des hommes louches dans des salles secr\u00e8tes \u00e0 l'aide d'un appareil microfilmant des documents interdits) de personnes dispers\u00e9es dans la campagne anglaise, dans le port de Hambourg, dans la capitale bavaroise ou dans les bidonvilles du Cap Town. L'histoire commence par un c\u00e2ble que l'ambassade am\u00e9ricaine \u00e0 Bonn a envoy\u00e9 aux autorit\u00e9s f\u00e9d\u00e9rales \u2013 un message signalant les activit\u00e9s suspectes d'un d\u00e9taillant d'\u00e9lectronique n\u00e9erlandais bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Hambourg, Peter Kluever[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La CIA d\u00e9cide d'investir dans cet homme, tout comme l'arm\u00e9e allemande. En 1981, ses deux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s PK Electronics et PKI Electronic Intelligence GmbH avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 des contrats avec le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. En 1983, le prince h\u00e9ritier d'Arabie saoudite, Abdullah Ibn Nasir IBn Abd al-Asis Al Sa'ud, visite Hambourg et les g\u00e9n\u00e9raux allemands lui montrent les effets de l'utilisation de la technologie Kluever sur l'efficacit\u00e9 et la cadence de tir des chars L\u00e9opard \u2013 qui le gouvernement de Moved Riyadh pour acqu\u00e9rir cette technologie[79]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 1987, Oelkers s'est envol\u00e9 pour P\u00e9kin pour une d\u00e9monstration de ses nouvelles puces et a ravi les g\u00e9n\u00e9raux chinois qui sont devenus une partie de sa client\u00e8le[80]<\/sup><\/a>. Dans le cadre des accords sign\u00e9s avec les \u00c9tats-Unis, \u00e0 partir de 1985, Kluever a vendu une technologie d'espionnage am\u00e9ricaine tr\u00e8s moderne (d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e par l'Ocean Applied Research Corporation \u00e0 San Diego[81]<\/sup><\/a> et distribu\u00e9e par le groupe CompuDyne Corporation en Pennsylvanie[82]<\/sup><\/a>) \u00e0 Muhammar Ghaddafi en Libye, \u00e0 Hafiz Al -Assad en Syrie, \u00e0 Haji Mohammad Suharto en Indon\u00e9sie \u2013 les trois pr\u00e9sidents l'utilisent pour intercepter les appels t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques et les \u00e9missions radio des opposants, des arm\u00e9es \u00e9trang\u00e8res et des groupes rebelles[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En vieillissant, Kluever vendra son entreprise (le PK Electronics Group \u00e0 Hambourg) \u00e0 deux ing\u00e9nieurs, l'Allemand Stephan Oelkers et l'Anglais William Louthean Nelson. Ce dernier avait commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 diriger le bureau de P\u00e9kin en 1985 et avait cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre soci\u00e9t\u00e9, Personal Protection Products Ltd. Hong Kong[84]<\/sup><\/a>, en 1992, qui jusqu'en 1994, via sa filiale de Hull[85]<\/sup><\/a>, vendait des dispositifs d'\u00e9coute utilis\u00e9s par les services secrets britanniques pour combattre l'IRA en Ulster[86]<\/sup><\/a>. Lorsque Kluever prendra sa retraite, PK Electronics sera transmis \u00e0 William Nelson et \u00e0 son fils Louthean John Alexander Nelson, les fondateurs du groupe Gamma International[87]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le sch\u00e9ma des participations du Groupe Gamma International ainsi que des personnes et soci\u00e9t\u00e9s associ\u00e9es \u2013 \u00a9 IBI World Ltd. London<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une nouvelle \u00e8re commence dans laquelle les anciennes \u00e9coutes t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques seront bient\u00f4t surmont\u00e9es et oubli\u00e9es. Le jeune Louthean commence \u00e0 travailler avec Niels J\u00f8rgen Tobiasen et ses deux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s : The CBRN Team Ltd. Londres[88]<\/sup><\/a> et The Phoenix Hazard Training Ltd. Darlington[89]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est une op\u00e9ration industrielle qui est n\u00e9e d'un contrat de fourniture d'armes chimiques, biologiques, radiologiques et nucl\u00e9aires \u00e0 l'Ouganda[90]<\/sup><\/a> qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9goci\u00e9 avec un membre du gouvernement, Ananias Tumukunde, qui avait accept\u00e9 un pot-de-vin de 40000 \u00a3[91]<\/sup><\/a>. Une op\u00e9ration qui s'est termin\u00e9e par l'arrestation de Tumukunde \u00e0 Kampala et de Tobiasen \u00e0 Londres en juillet 2007[92]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au cours de ces ann\u00e9es, Louthean Nelson a \u00e9galement tent\u00e9 de faciliter une collaboration avec l'\u00e9quipe de piratage de David Vincenzetti : avec l'un des meilleurs hackers du groupe milanais, Alberto Pelliccione, Nelson a essay\u00e9 apr\u00e8s un certain temps de trouver un syst\u00e8me pour pirater les appareils Nokia \u2013 mais Pelliccione change d\u2019avis quand il d\u00e9couvre que Nelson a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 livrer des armes aux pays touch\u00e9s par les sanctions internationales par l'interm\u00e9diaire d'une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qui a maintenant \u00e9t\u00e9 liquid\u00e9e, Cyan Engineering Services SAL Beirut[93]<\/sup><\/a>. Quelque chose avec lequel Pelliccione ne veut rien avoir \u00e0 voir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'entreprise suivante est peut-\u00eatre encore plus \u00e9tonnante : Nelson fonde Elaman et d\u00e9localise certaines activit\u00e9s en Suisse[94]<\/sup><\/a> parce qu'il fait de nouveau affaire avec l'ancien partenaire de son p\u00e8re, Stephan Oelkers. Oelkers a convaincu Nelson de d\u00e9placer son centre d'op\u00e9rations de Hambourg \u00e0 Munich et d'accepter un nouveau partenaire, Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt. Cela devrait travailler avec les services secrets autrichiens[95]<\/sup><\/a> et tenter de reprendre la station de Bad Aibling \u00e0 la NSA (American Military Intelligence)[96]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est une tentation imposante et extr\u00eamement symbolique : la station d'interception de Bad Aibling est n\u00e9e en 1936 comme a\u00e9roport militaire et centre radar de la Luftwaffe, et \u00e0 la fin de la guerre, l'arm\u00e9e am\u00e9ricaine l'a convertie en camp de transit pour les prisonniers de guerre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s et victimes des camps de concentration nationaux-socialistes. Un camp de concentration tr\u00e8s c\u00e9l\u00e8bre que les \u00e9crivains G\u00fcnther Grass et Joseph Ratzinger (le futur pape Beno\u00eet XVI)[97]<\/sup><\/a> ont travers\u00e9. De 1952 jusqu'\u00e0 la fermeture, demand\u00e9e par l'Union europ\u00e9enne en 2001 et r\u00e9alis\u00e9e en 2004 (officiellement, puisque l'installation \u00e9tait toujours en activit\u00e9 en 2013[98]<\/sup><\/a>), la NSA de Bad Aibling a assembl\u00e9 ses syst\u00e8mes Echelon[99]<\/sup><\/a> pour intercepter les communications t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques du plan\u00e8te enti\u00e8re[100]<\/sup><\/a>. La prise de contr\u00f4le de la station NSA aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 la cons\u00e9cration de Nelson et de ses employ\u00e9s \u00e0 une entreprise d'importance mondiale et au pouvoir presque illimit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les n\u00e9gociations n'\u00e9taient pas termin\u00e9es lorsque FinFisher a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 vendre son FinSpy \u00e0 la Turquie et le monde entier a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 voir le danger. Apr\u00e8s les recherches \u00e0 Munich, en Suisse et en Roumanie, Nelson a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 liquider toutes les entreprises le plus rapidement possible: certaines d'entre elles (Computplus Ltd., G2 Systems Ltd., Gamma 2000 Ltd., Gamma 2000 Waste Management Ltd., Gamma International (UK) Ltd.) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 liquid\u00e9s d\u00e9but f\u00e9vrier 2021 au moment de la r\u00e9daction de cet article[101]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'y a pas de retour en arri\u00e8re<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

14 avril 2007 : Plus d'un million de citoyens pacifiques protestent contre l'abolition de la libert\u00e9 et contre un r\u00e9gime qui a transform\u00e9 leur patrie en un enfer d'oppression, de violence et de mis\u00e8re. Une sc\u00e8ne d'humanit\u00e9 passionnante qui pourrait difficilement \u00eatre r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9e<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, cela ne change pas la substance des choses. Aujourd'hui, f\u00e9vrier 2021, le gouvernement et ses agences de renseignement dans au moins 40 pays \u00e0 travers le monde, dont la grande majorit\u00e9 est dirig\u00e9e par une dictature, ont entre les mains des logiciels qui vont non seulement au-del\u00e0 des sc\u00e9narios apocalyptiques d\u00e9crits par George Orwell, mais aussi du \"Br\u00e9sil<\/em>\" de Terry Gilliam : D\u00e9sormais, un r\u00e9gime n'a plus besoin de d\u00e9couvrir que quelqu'un pr\u00e9pare un complot pour les isoler, les torturer, les condamner et les exterminer. L'\u00c9tat peut cr\u00e9er des preuves d'un simple clic d'ordinateur, en utilisant un logiciel qui en un milli\u00e8me de seconde condamnera chacun de nous et impliquera chacun de nos proches dans notre destruction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 o\u00f9 l'ali\u00e9nation de l'individu du contexte commun a d\u00e9j\u00e0 atteint des proportions inqui\u00e9tantes, les logiciels d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s et vendus par une petite poign\u00e9e de criminels totalement inconnus du public ont permis \u00e0 l'humanit\u00e9 de s'engager sur un chemin de non-retour : celui o\u00f9 il n'y a plus rien de vrai et de v\u00e9rifiable dans lequel chacun de nous doit douter de qui est autour de nous, et m\u00eame (et plus encore) nous-m\u00eames.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La faiblesse et la superficialit\u00e9 avec lesquelles les gouvernements occidentaux (en particulier les \u00c9tats-Unis, l'Allemagne et le Royaume-Uni) ont permis \u00e0 ce logiciel d'\u00eatre distribu\u00e9 \u00e0 travers la plan\u00e8te pour des calculs purement \u00e9go\u00efstes sont impardonnables et le signe que 75 ans apr\u00e8s la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale , 30 ans apr\u00e8s la fin de la guerre froide, et la peur d'un conflit nucl\u00e9aire lorsque la nature se rebelle contre la mani\u00e8re insens\u00e9e dont nous la d\u00e9truisons, les gens ont franchi la limite ultime \u2013 ceux dans lesquels l'ennemi qui tue ne vient pas de l'ext\u00e9rieur, mais de l'int\u00e9rieur \u2013 et est inexorable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/65-in-yuzbinleri-6335051<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/6554851.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/laik-turkiye-icin-caglayan-a-6426626<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/3-miting-3-mesaj-6462629<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/izmir-rekor-bekliyor-6495436<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/turkey-used-german-spy-software-on-opposition-politicians-and-activists\/a-43787769<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/en\/content\/turkish-spy-networks-control-opponents<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-39416954<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.birgun.net\/haber\/iddia-pelikancilar-hakan-fidan-gitsin-diyor-283382<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trthaber.com\/haber\/gundem\/iletisim-baskanligi-berat-albayrakin-gorevden-af-talebi-kabul-edilmistir-529559.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/europe\/russia-accuses-president-erdogan-s-son-law-being-linked-isis-oil-trade-a6761436.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2016\/09\/turkey-redhackers-daunt-the-erdogan-family.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepressproject.gr\/exclusive-wikileaks-documents-relations-erdogan-isis-oil-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.duvarenglish.com\/sport\/2020\/02\/10\/politics-in-stadiums-fenerbahce-fans-urge-minister-albayrak-to-keep-hands-off-football<\/a> ; https:\/\/odatv4.com\/fenerbahceliler-damata-karsi-ayaga-kalkti-02022031.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Intelligence Online, \u201cHakan Fidan close to ministerial promotion<\/em>\u201d, see in 2020.11.18 Hakan Fidan Minister<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-launches-project-to-train-1-million-software-developers-154081<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> 2017.04.13 T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mill%C3%AE_%C4%B0stihbarat_Te%C5%9Fkil%C3%A2t%C4%B1#Leitung<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> Hakan Fidan on Nexis, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/t24.com.tr\/haber\/adanada-3-tir-durduruldu-arama-yapiliyor,248707<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> 1000 colpi di mortaio, 1000 colpi di artiglieria, 50\u2019000 fucili d'assalto e 30\u2019000 munizioni per mitragliatrice \u2013 see in https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529223636\/http:\/\/www.aktifhaber.com\/devlet-sirri-denilen-mit-tirlari-ile-ilgili-tapeler-1053377h.htm#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.haber7.com\/guncel\/haber\/1121773-mit-tirlari-neden-durduruldu ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aljazeera.com.tr\/haber\/mit-tirlari-boyle-durduruldu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/bianet.org\/bianet\/insan-haklari\/155519-tir-lari-durdurmakla-suclanan-13-askere-muebbet-istendi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milliyet.com.tr\/gundem\/mit-tirlari-olayinda-yeni-gelisme-5-savci-gorevden-uzaklastirildi-1999064<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/erdogandan-canli-yayinda-can-dundara-tehdit-288885<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.faz.net\/aktuell\/politik\/ausland\/europa\/tuerkei\/tuerkei-kampf-gegen-die-soldaten-des-lichts-12715816.html?printPagedArticle=true#pageIndex_3<\/a> ; https:\/\/taz.de\/Wie-Guelen-zum-Staatsfeind-Nr-1-wurde\/!5323191\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2021\/02\/03\/son-dakika-istihbarattaki-fetocu-generalden-bomba-itiraflar-tegmen-rutbemi-fetullah-gulen-takti<\/a> ; https:\/\/tr.sputniknews.com\/turkiye\/202001211041211454-sozcu-ilker-basbugu-cezaevine-attiran-feto-mektubunu-acikliyoruz\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.genios.de\/presse-archiv\/artikel\/FAZ\/20171111\/jagd-auf-die-guelenisten\/FR1201711115279571.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nadir.org\/nadir\/initiativ\/isku\/hintergrund\/geheimdienste\/geheim994.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/tuerkischer-geheimdienst-liess-erdogan-gegner-in-deutschland-ausspionieren\/12027820.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article157778863\/Erdogans-Agenten-bedrohen-Tuerken-in-Deutschland.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html ;  https:\/\/www.derstandard.at\/story\/1397522175727\/geheimdienst-staat-tuerkei<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2020\/09\/turkey-austria-spy-nehammer-kurdish-clashes-protests-vienna.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/austria-turkey-espionage-int-idUSKBN25S4R5<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/10\/13\/world\/europe\/turkey-austria-erdogan-assassin.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/global-europe\/news\/flemish-minister-turkish-sponosred-mosque-is-nest-of-spies\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/07\/06\/influenced-by-gulenists-belgium-targets-turkish-mosques-fighting-extremism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/erdogan-critics-listed-by-turkish-embassy-in-prague-were-included-in-bogus-terrorism-probe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turk-greek-ties-strained-by-arson-row-10324<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-greece-germany-spying\/greek-police-arrest-german-on-suspicion-of-spying-idUSBRE97208820130803<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kathimerini.gr\/society\/896001\/istories-me-kataskopoys-sto-aigaio\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.larissanet.gr\/2019\/06\/21\/dikazetai-sti-rodo-kataskopos-tis-tourkias\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/ahvalnews.com\/mit\/turkish-intelligence-recruits-eu-retirees-spy-greece<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/04\/turkish-intelligence-operations-targeting-critics-in-greece-exposed-in-secret-documents\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/intelnews.org\/2016\/12\/09\/01-2023\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/more-secret-documents-confirming-vast-turkish-espionage-activities-in-greece-uncovered\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.skai.gr\/news\/greece\/dyo-syllipseis-ellinon-gia-kataskopeia-sti-rodo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-kosovo-security-turkey-idUSKBN1H70CC<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/opinion\/murat-yetkin\/turkish-intelligence-unveils-secret-codes-used-before-coup-attempt-103843<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2018\/09\/turkish-teachers-detained-moldova-gulen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/balkaninsight.com\/2018\/09\/06\/six-turkish-professors-detained-by-moldovan-secret-services-09-06-2018\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/turkeypurge.com\/turkey-spying-imams-active-also-in-norway<\/a> ; https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/turkeys-autocratic-president-erdogans-spying-profiling-expands-in-norway\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/kafila.org\/www-matthewaid-com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/report-sweden-launches-espionage-probe-into-turkish-govt-representatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/politics\/undiplomatic_swiss-eye-alleged-turkish-kidnapping-attempt\/43973170 ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/swiss-foreign-minister-warns-turkey-against-illegal-spying-111199 ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/eu-affairs\/2017\/05\/01\/as-anti-turkish-politics-grip-europe-turkish-swiss-policeman-arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-brings-key-feto-suspect-from-ukraine-to-turkey-134608<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.meforum.org\/60976\/turkish-spy-agency-mit-intelligence-gathering-australia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-court\/egypt-detains-29-people-on-suspicion-of-espionage-for-turkey-idUSKBN1DM1AN<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/33764\/In-Pictures-Egypt-foils-Turkish-espionage-attempt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-agency-brings-three-feto-members-from-gabon-to-turkey-130050<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/turkey\/turkish-intelligence-agency-rescues-a-kidnapped-italian-citizen-in-kenya-36192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20190807-libyan-national-army-turkish-intelligence-is-operating-in-tripoli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/11\/27\/senior-feto-figure-captured-by-turkish-intelligence-in-sudan\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Depuis, la strat\u00e9gie du r\u00e9gime est claire : supprimer toute protestation, critique, mauvaise humeur, journal ou blog, quiconque est capable d'organiser une nouvelle foule pour montrer au monde ce qu'est la Turquie aujourd'hui. Et quand Erdo\u011fan s'est rendu compte qu'il n'y avait pas de leaders de la contestation, mais plut\u00f4t un d\u00e9sespoir g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9, exhortant les individus \u00e0 appeler d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9ment \u00e0 l'aide[2]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 probablement \u00e0 un monde occidental aveugle et opportuniste \u2013 la strat\u00e9gie a \u00e9t\u00e9 affin\u00e9e et une nouvelle op\u00e9ration de pers\u00e9cution individuelle mise en place. Quelque chose de jamais vu auparavant qui surmonte la r\u00e9pression bureaucratique des nazis parce qu'il utilise une technologie que (heureusement) Adolf Hitler et ses hi\u00e9rarchies n'ont jamais eu \u00e0 leur disposition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'op\u00e9ration consiste \u00e0 \u00e9couter tous les t\u00e9l\u00e9phones portables en Turquie, \u00e0 espionner leurs contacts, \u00e0 lire les \u00e9changes de messages, \u00e0 ins\u00e9rer de fausses donn\u00e9es et conversations pour identifier les m\u00e9contents et \u00e0 cr\u00e9er sur leurs appareils de fausses preuves de leur participation \u00e0 un complot terroriste[3]<\/sup><\/a>. Une op\u00e9ration de cynisme et de brutalit\u00e9, \u00e0 la fois physique et psychologique, qui va bien au-del\u00e0 des cauchemars que George Orwell a racont\u00e9s dans ses romans sur l'apocalypse sociale. Quand Erdo\u011fan s'est rendu compte que cela ne suffirait pas, le dictateur a \u00e9largi l'audition et la falsification des communications \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, dans des pays comme la Gr\u00e8ce, l'Australie ou l'Allemagne, o\u00f9 vivent des milliers de Turcs qui ont fui leur patrie[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cauchemar du contr\u00f4le \u00e9lectronique total<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hakan Fidan (\u00e0 gauche), Bayrat Albarak (au centre) et Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan (\u00e0 droite), les directeurs de la terreur t\u00e9l\u00e9matique d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par le gouvernement d'Ankara<\/sub><\/strong>[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'op\u00e9ration est dirig\u00e9e par Hakan Fidan, un ami proche d'Erdo\u011fan et chef du service de renseignement turc (MIT \u2013 Mill\u00ee \u0130stihbarat Te\u015fkil\u00e2t\u0131) : c'est un sergent qui, apr\u00e8s avoir rencontr\u00e9 le futur dictateur, a suivi sa carri\u00e8re de chef de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 personnelle puis progressivement atteint un cadre d'espionnage militaire, au point qu'en novembre 2020, suite \u00e0 la d\u00e9mission du gendre d'Erdo\u011fan, Berat Albayrak[6]<\/sup><\/a> (qui a financ\u00e9 l'EI dans le cadre de sa coop\u00e9ration avec l'Irak[7]<\/sup><\/a>, ainsi que sa participation au scandale de la manipulation des r\u00e9sultats de la Ligue turque de football a eu des ennuis)[8]<\/sup><\/a>, il est devenu le principal candidat \u00e0 la fonction du nouveau ministre des Finances[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Albayrak n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi pour ses comp\u00e9tences en \u00e9conomie, mais parce qu'il est le coordinateur de tout un projet de contr\u00f4le t\u00e9l\u00e9matique, pour lequel le r\u00e9gime, apr\u00e8s avoir form\u00e9 un million de hackers d'\u00c9tat, contr\u00f4lera toutes les transactions \u00e9conomiques de chaque entreprise et de chaque citoyen[10]<\/sup><\/a> : officiellement pour emp\u00eacher l\u2019\u00e9vasion fiscale. Le fait que Hakan Fidan soit \u00e0 la t\u00eate de ce nouveau minist\u00e8re depuis janvier 2021 rend tout clair et simple.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdo\u011fan a depuis transform\u00e9 le bureau du Premier ministre en une agence gouvernementale enregistr\u00e9e[11]<\/sup><\/a> qui contr\u00f4le certains consulats turcs \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger \u2013 comme Atlanta, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, Washington DC (USA), Burnaby (Canada) et Rabat (Maroc)[12]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 et de bien s\u00fbr le MIT[13]<\/sup><\/a> aussi. Dans chacune de ces agences, Hakan Fidan joue le r\u00f4le de directeur ex\u00e9cutif[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Peut-\u00eatre parce que le MIT n'est pas seulement actif en Turquie, mais partout dans le monde ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 19 janvier 2014, la gendarmerie turque a bloqu\u00e9 deux camions \u00e0 destination de la Syrie qui \u00e9taient pleins d'armes[15]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 des armes destin\u00e9es \u00e0 aider l'arm\u00e9e du califat (EI)[16]<\/sup><\/a> transport\u00e9es par des agents du MIT[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Erdo\u011fan a d'abord affirm\u00e9 qu'il s'agissait d'une aide humanitaire[18]<\/sup><\/a>, mais certains journalistes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 filmer le camion et le mensonge a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9couvert. R\u00e9sultat : les 13 gendarmes qui ont arr\u00eat\u00e9 les camions ont \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 de longues peines de prison[19]<\/sup><\/a> ; Les juges d'instruction ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9mis de leurs fonctions et inculp\u00e9s[20]<\/sup><\/a> ; les journalistes impliqu\u00e9s dans l'enregistrement ou la publication des informations ont \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq ans de prison[21]<\/sup><\/a>. La police a re\u00e7u de nouveaux ordres : n'emp\u00eachez jamais les v\u00e9hicules du MIT d'aller \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'une des t\u00e2ches du MIT est de combattre la secte Hizmet et son pr\u00e9dicateur Fethullah G\u00fclen (en tapant sur les t\u00e9l\u00e9phones et Internet, en traquant, en enlevant, en torturant, en assassinant[22]<\/sup><\/a>) en Turquie et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Cependant, la t\u00e2che principale du MIT est de combattre les opposants \u00e0 l'ext\u00e9rieur du pays. Environ 500 responsables du MIT et plus de 6000 informateurs sont actifs en Allemagne \u2013 une structure encore plus grande et plus puissante que STASI \u00e0 l'\u00e9poque de la RDA[24]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 dont le but n'est pas seulement d'observer et de signaler les citoyens turcs qui ont \u00e9migr\u00e9 en Europe, mais aussi d'intervenir physiquement[25]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'un des objectifs du MIT est d'intercepter les communications pour cr\u00e9er des preuves fictives contre les critiques du r\u00e9gime d'Ankara et pour justifier leur enl\u00e8vement et leur torture[26]<\/sup><\/a>. Une strat\u00e9gie que le MIT poursuit \u00e9galement dans plusieurs autres pays du monde \u2013 par exemple en Autriche[27]<\/sup><\/a>, Belgique[28]<\/sup><\/a>, R\u00e9publique tch\u00e8que[29]<\/sup><\/a>, France[30]<\/sup><\/a>, Gr\u00e8ce[31]<\/sup><\/a>, Kosovo[32]<\/sup><\/a>, Lituanie[33]<\/sup><\/a>, Moldavie[34]<\/sup><\/a>, Norv\u00e8ge[35]<\/sup><\/a>, Serbie[36]<\/sup><\/a>, Su\u00e8de[37]<\/sup><\/a>, Suisse[38]<\/sup><\/a>, Ukraine[39]<\/sup><\/a>, Royaume-Uni[40]<\/sup><\/a> , Australie[41]<\/sup><\/a>, \u00c9gypte[42]<\/sup><\/a>, Gabon[43]<\/sup><\/a>, Kenya[44]<\/sup><\/a>, Libye[45]<\/sup><\/a>, Soudan[46]<\/sup><\/a>, \u00c9tats-Unis[47]<\/sup><\/a>, Arm\u00e9nie[48]<\/sup><\/a>, Azerba\u00efdjan[49]<\/sup><\/a>, G\u00e9orgie[50]<\/sup><\/a>, Irak[51]<\/sup><\/a>, Malaisie[52]<\/sup><\/a>, Mongolie[53]<\/sup><\/a>, Pakistan[54]<\/sup><\/a> et Syrie, o\u00f9 le gouvernement turc se bat avec sa propre arm\u00e9e et soutient l'EI[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Technologie allemande pour le tortionnaire d'Erdo\u011fan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Comment fonctionne l'application FishSpy de FinFisher GmbH \u00e0 Munich \u2013 le c\u0153ur battant du syst\u00e8me d'espionnage turc du MIT<\/sub><\/strong>[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le syst\u00e8me complexe de contr\u00f4le, de piratage, d'interception et de falsification n\u00e9cessaire pour surveiller des millions de personnes n'est pas un jouet. Des ONG de toute l'Europe recherchent qui a d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 une telle technologie et l'a trouv\u00e9e en Allemagne \u2013 elle s'appelle FinSpy et est produite par trois soci\u00e9t\u00e9s du groupe Gamma International : FinFisher GmbH Munich, FinFisher Labs GmbH Munich et Elaman GmbH Munich. Quatre organisations ont pu le prouver \u00e0 la justice allemande[57]<\/sup><\/a> : Reporters sans fronti\u00e8res de Berlin (actif dans toute l'Europe, principalement pr\u00e9occup\u00e9 par la libert\u00e9 de la presse[58]<\/sup><\/a>), GFF Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Freiheitsrechte de Berlin (tr\u00e8s active dans la surveillance des activit\u00e9s ill\u00e9gales du BND et d'autres services secrets allemands[59]<\/sup><\/a>), Netzpolitik.org \u00e0 Berlin (un journal en ligne[60]<\/sup><\/a>) et le Centre europ\u00e9en pour la Constitution et les droits de l'homme \u00e0 Berlin[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le parquet de Munich lance une enqu\u00eate p\u00e9nale sur la base des preuves pr\u00e9sent\u00e9es par ces ONG : les entreprises bavaroises susmentionn\u00e9es ont viol\u00e9 la loi sur le commerce ext\u00e9rieur[62]<\/sup><\/a> sur au moins six points et ont non seulement vendu FinSpy \u00e0 la Turquie, mais aussi aux gouvernements de nombreux autres pays, y compris Bahre\u00efn, l'\u00c9gypte, l'\u00c9thiopie, la Libye, le Kazakhstan, l'Arabie saoudite et le Venezuela[63]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 tous des pays qui soul\u00e8vent de graves pr\u00e9occupations quant \u00e0 la nature d\u00e9mocratique du syst\u00e8me politique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enqu\u00eate a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que ces trois soci\u00e9t\u00e9s n'en \u00e9taient qu'\u00e0 l'origine une, Gamma International UK Ltd. Winchester, contre qui une enqu\u00eate ouverte en 2013 par les autorit\u00e9s judiciaires britanniques[64]<\/sup><\/a> a \u00e9t\u00e9 bloqu\u00e9e, qui aurait mis l'entreprise sur la liste noire de l'OCDE[65]<\/sup><\/a> fin 2016 \u2013 une mesure qui interdit \u00e0 quiconque dans le monde de faire affaire avec ce groupe industriel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enqu\u00eate britannique s'est limit\u00e9e \u00e0 l'analyse de la vente de FinSpy \u00e0 Bahre\u00efn, tandis que l'enqu\u00eate allemande, accompagn\u00e9e d'un grand nombre de t\u00e9moignages de victimes de la terreur du r\u00e9gime d'Erdo\u011fan en Turquie et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, va beaucoup plus loin et constate que FinSpy a \u00e9t\u00e9 vendu ill\u00e9galement dans 36 pays[66]<\/sup><\/a>, il y a d'\u00e9normes centres de stockage de donn\u00e9es dans 11 pays[67]<\/sup><\/a>, de sorte qu'on soup\u00e7onne maintenant qu'il y a beaucoup d'autres crimes cach\u00e9s derri\u00e8re les faits connus[68]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est pourquoi le parquet de Munich a ordonn\u00e9 une perquisition des locaux de la capitale bavaroise, mais aussi de la branche roumaine du groupe Gamma International[69]<\/sup><\/a>, en octobre 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il est presque impossible de se d\u00e9fendre contre FinSpy : le malware s'installe avec de fausses mises \u00e0 jour d\u00e9guis\u00e9es en officielles, via des e-mails avec de fausses pi\u00e8ces jointes ou \u00e0 travers des failles de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans le logiciel \u2013 comme Avira[70]<\/sup><\/a> ou iTunes d'Apple \u2013 et ensuite via les fausses plates-formes du principaux moteurs de recherche, installations Mac et Linux[71]<\/sup><\/a>, programmes de messagerie \u00e9lectronique, r\u00e9seaux sociaux, sites Web pour les achats en ligne[72]<\/sup><\/a>. L\u00e0 o\u00f9 le malware de Gamma International ne parvient pas, celui de l'\u00e9quipe de piratage de David Vincenzetti[73]<\/sup><\/a> est l\u00e0[74]<\/sup><\/a>. Mais cette soci\u00e9t\u00e9 n'est plus l\u00e0, Gamma l'a surpass\u00e9e, ses fondateurs sont r\u00e9partis dans de nombreuses petites entreprises[75]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re les poup\u00e9es Matriochka?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

En 2015, le Citizen Lab Institute de Toronto avait identifi\u00e9 35 pays qui utilisaient ill\u00e9galement les applications du groupe Gamma \/ FinFisher<\/sub><\/strong>[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enqu\u00eate du parquet de Munich laisse un go\u00fbt un peu amer dans la bouche: comment est-il possible qu'une plainte de quatre ONG ait \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9cessaire pour enqu\u00eate ? Il est logique que le soup\u00e7on d'hypocrisie surgisse, surtout en sachant que les services secrets allemands (BND) avaient d\u00e9cern\u00e9 \u00e0 Stephan Oelkers de Gamma International les Big Brother Awards en 2012, car Gamma \u00e9tait \u00ab la meilleure entreprise au monde intrusion de syst\u00e8mes informatiques et installation de logiciels de surveillance<\/em> (...) Gamma propose ses services sur son site Internet \u2013 bien que le d\u00e9veloppement et la distribution de ce type de logiciel espion soient interdits par le droit p\u00e9nal allemand (Par. 282c StGB). Cependant, cela ne s'applique qu'aux clients priv\u00e9s, pas aux ventes aux autorit\u00e9s nationales ou \u00e0 la police secr\u00e8te d'une dictature \u00e9trang\u00e8re. C'est la raison pour laquelle le parquet de Munich a refus\u00e9 d'engager une proc\u00e9dure p\u00e9nale contre Gamma<\/em> \u00bb[77]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref : tout le monde savait tout, mais il y a huit ans, le procureur de Munich pensait que c'\u00e9tait une bagatelle tant que cette technologie monstrueuse \u00e9tait utilis\u00e9e par les dictatures pour opprimer leur propre peuple.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour \u00eatre pr\u00e9cis, nous en savons beaucoup sur les activit\u00e9s ill\u00e9gales de ce groupe depuis 1973 (lorsque les ordinateurs \u00e9taient des jouets et que l'espionnage consistait \u00e0 infiltrer des hommes louches dans des salles secr\u00e8tes \u00e0 l'aide d'un appareil microfilmant des documents interdits) de personnes dispers\u00e9es dans la campagne anglaise, dans le port de Hambourg, dans la capitale bavaroise ou dans les bidonvilles du Cap Town. L'histoire commence par un c\u00e2ble que l'ambassade am\u00e9ricaine \u00e0 Bonn a envoy\u00e9 aux autorit\u00e9s f\u00e9d\u00e9rales \u2013 un message signalant les activit\u00e9s suspectes d'un d\u00e9taillant d'\u00e9lectronique n\u00e9erlandais bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Hambourg, Peter Kluever[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La CIA d\u00e9cide d'investir dans cet homme, tout comme l'arm\u00e9e allemande. En 1981, ses deux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s PK Electronics et PKI Electronic Intelligence GmbH avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 des contrats avec le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. En 1983, le prince h\u00e9ritier d'Arabie saoudite, Abdullah Ibn Nasir IBn Abd al-Asis Al Sa'ud, visite Hambourg et les g\u00e9n\u00e9raux allemands lui montrent les effets de l'utilisation de la technologie Kluever sur l'efficacit\u00e9 et la cadence de tir des chars L\u00e9opard \u2013 qui le gouvernement de Moved Riyadh pour acqu\u00e9rir cette technologie[79]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 1987, Oelkers s'est envol\u00e9 pour P\u00e9kin pour une d\u00e9monstration de ses nouvelles puces et a ravi les g\u00e9n\u00e9raux chinois qui sont devenus une partie de sa client\u00e8le[80]<\/sup><\/a>. Dans le cadre des accords sign\u00e9s avec les \u00c9tats-Unis, \u00e0 partir de 1985, Kluever a vendu une technologie d'espionnage am\u00e9ricaine tr\u00e8s moderne (d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e par l'Ocean Applied Research Corporation \u00e0 San Diego[81]<\/sup><\/a> et distribu\u00e9e par le groupe CompuDyne Corporation en Pennsylvanie[82]<\/sup><\/a>) \u00e0 Muhammar Ghaddafi en Libye, \u00e0 Hafiz Al -Assad en Syrie, \u00e0 Haji Mohammad Suharto en Indon\u00e9sie \u2013 les trois pr\u00e9sidents l'utilisent pour intercepter les appels t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques et les \u00e9missions radio des opposants, des arm\u00e9es \u00e9trang\u00e8res et des groupes rebelles[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En vieillissant, Kluever vendra son entreprise (le PK Electronics Group \u00e0 Hambourg) \u00e0 deux ing\u00e9nieurs, l'Allemand Stephan Oelkers et l'Anglais William Louthean Nelson. Ce dernier avait commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 diriger le bureau de P\u00e9kin en 1985 et avait cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre soci\u00e9t\u00e9, Personal Protection Products Ltd. Hong Kong[84]<\/sup><\/a>, en 1992, qui jusqu'en 1994, via sa filiale de Hull[85]<\/sup><\/a>, vendait des dispositifs d'\u00e9coute utilis\u00e9s par les services secrets britanniques pour combattre l'IRA en Ulster[86]<\/sup><\/a>. Lorsque Kluever prendra sa retraite, PK Electronics sera transmis \u00e0 William Nelson et \u00e0 son fils Louthean John Alexander Nelson, les fondateurs du groupe Gamma International[87]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le sch\u00e9ma des participations du Groupe Gamma International ainsi que des personnes et soci\u00e9t\u00e9s associ\u00e9es \u2013 \u00a9 IBI World Ltd. London<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une nouvelle \u00e8re commence dans laquelle les anciennes \u00e9coutes t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques seront bient\u00f4t surmont\u00e9es et oubli\u00e9es. Le jeune Louthean commence \u00e0 travailler avec Niels J\u00f8rgen Tobiasen et ses deux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s : The CBRN Team Ltd. Londres[88]<\/sup><\/a> et The Phoenix Hazard Training Ltd. Darlington[89]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est une op\u00e9ration industrielle qui est n\u00e9e d'un contrat de fourniture d'armes chimiques, biologiques, radiologiques et nucl\u00e9aires \u00e0 l'Ouganda[90]<\/sup><\/a> qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9goci\u00e9 avec un membre du gouvernement, Ananias Tumukunde, qui avait accept\u00e9 un pot-de-vin de 40000 \u00a3[91]<\/sup><\/a>. Une op\u00e9ration qui s'est termin\u00e9e par l'arrestation de Tumukunde \u00e0 Kampala et de Tobiasen \u00e0 Londres en juillet 2007[92]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au cours de ces ann\u00e9es, Louthean Nelson a \u00e9galement tent\u00e9 de faciliter une collaboration avec l'\u00e9quipe de piratage de David Vincenzetti : avec l'un des meilleurs hackers du groupe milanais, Alberto Pelliccione, Nelson a essay\u00e9 apr\u00e8s un certain temps de trouver un syst\u00e8me pour pirater les appareils Nokia \u2013 mais Pelliccione change d\u2019avis quand il d\u00e9couvre que Nelson a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 livrer des armes aux pays touch\u00e9s par les sanctions internationales par l'interm\u00e9diaire d'une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qui a maintenant \u00e9t\u00e9 liquid\u00e9e, Cyan Engineering Services SAL Beirut[93]<\/sup><\/a>. Quelque chose avec lequel Pelliccione ne veut rien avoir \u00e0 voir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'entreprise suivante est peut-\u00eatre encore plus \u00e9tonnante : Nelson fonde Elaman et d\u00e9localise certaines activit\u00e9s en Suisse[94]<\/sup><\/a> parce qu'il fait de nouveau affaire avec l'ancien partenaire de son p\u00e8re, Stephan Oelkers. Oelkers a convaincu Nelson de d\u00e9placer son centre d'op\u00e9rations de Hambourg \u00e0 Munich et d'accepter un nouveau partenaire, Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt. Cela devrait travailler avec les services secrets autrichiens[95]<\/sup><\/a> et tenter de reprendre la station de Bad Aibling \u00e0 la NSA (American Military Intelligence)[96]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est une tentation imposante et extr\u00eamement symbolique : la station d'interception de Bad Aibling est n\u00e9e en 1936 comme a\u00e9roport militaire et centre radar de la Luftwaffe, et \u00e0 la fin de la guerre, l'arm\u00e9e am\u00e9ricaine l'a convertie en camp de transit pour les prisonniers de guerre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s et victimes des camps de concentration nationaux-socialistes. Un camp de concentration tr\u00e8s c\u00e9l\u00e8bre que les \u00e9crivains G\u00fcnther Grass et Joseph Ratzinger (le futur pape Beno\u00eet XVI)[97]<\/sup><\/a> ont travers\u00e9. De 1952 jusqu'\u00e0 la fermeture, demand\u00e9e par l'Union europ\u00e9enne en 2001 et r\u00e9alis\u00e9e en 2004 (officiellement, puisque l'installation \u00e9tait toujours en activit\u00e9 en 2013[98]<\/sup><\/a>), la NSA de Bad Aibling a assembl\u00e9 ses syst\u00e8mes Echelon[99]<\/sup><\/a> pour intercepter les communications t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques du plan\u00e8te enti\u00e8re[100]<\/sup><\/a>. La prise de contr\u00f4le de la station NSA aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 la cons\u00e9cration de Nelson et de ses employ\u00e9s \u00e0 une entreprise d'importance mondiale et au pouvoir presque illimit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les n\u00e9gociations n'\u00e9taient pas termin\u00e9es lorsque FinFisher a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 vendre son FinSpy \u00e0 la Turquie et le monde entier a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 voir le danger. Apr\u00e8s les recherches \u00e0 Munich, en Suisse et en Roumanie, Nelson a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 liquider toutes les entreprises le plus rapidement possible: certaines d'entre elles (Computplus Ltd., G2 Systems Ltd., Gamma 2000 Ltd., Gamma 2000 Waste Management Ltd., Gamma International (UK) Ltd.) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 liquid\u00e9s d\u00e9but f\u00e9vrier 2021 au moment de la r\u00e9daction de cet article[101]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'y a pas de retour en arri\u00e8re<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

14 avril 2007 : Plus d'un million de citoyens pacifiques protestent contre l'abolition de la libert\u00e9 et contre un r\u00e9gime qui a transform\u00e9 leur patrie en un enfer d'oppression, de violence et de mis\u00e8re. Une sc\u00e8ne d'humanit\u00e9 passionnante qui pourrait difficilement \u00eatre r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9e<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, cela ne change pas la substance des choses. Aujourd'hui, f\u00e9vrier 2021, le gouvernement et ses agences de renseignement dans au moins 40 pays \u00e0 travers le monde, dont la grande majorit\u00e9 est dirig\u00e9e par une dictature, ont entre les mains des logiciels qui vont non seulement au-del\u00e0 des sc\u00e9narios apocalyptiques d\u00e9crits par George Orwell, mais aussi du \"Br\u00e9sil<\/em>\" de Terry Gilliam : D\u00e9sormais, un r\u00e9gime n'a plus besoin de d\u00e9couvrir que quelqu'un pr\u00e9pare un complot pour les isoler, les torturer, les condamner et les exterminer. L'\u00c9tat peut cr\u00e9er des preuves d'un simple clic d'ordinateur, en utilisant un logiciel qui en un milli\u00e8me de seconde condamnera chacun de nous et impliquera chacun de nos proches dans notre destruction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 o\u00f9 l'ali\u00e9nation de l'individu du contexte commun a d\u00e9j\u00e0 atteint des proportions inqui\u00e9tantes, les logiciels d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s et vendus par une petite poign\u00e9e de criminels totalement inconnus du public ont permis \u00e0 l'humanit\u00e9 de s'engager sur un chemin de non-retour : celui o\u00f9 il n'y a plus rien de vrai et de v\u00e9rifiable dans lequel chacun de nous doit douter de qui est autour de nous, et m\u00eame (et plus encore) nous-m\u00eames.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La faiblesse et la superficialit\u00e9 avec lesquelles les gouvernements occidentaux (en particulier les \u00c9tats-Unis, l'Allemagne et le Royaume-Uni) ont permis \u00e0 ce logiciel d'\u00eatre distribu\u00e9 \u00e0 travers la plan\u00e8te pour des calculs purement \u00e9go\u00efstes sont impardonnables et le signe que 75 ans apr\u00e8s la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale , 30 ans apr\u00e8s la fin de la guerre froide, et la peur d'un conflit nucl\u00e9aire lorsque la nature se rebelle contre la mani\u00e8re insens\u00e9e dont nous la d\u00e9truisons, les gens ont franchi la limite ultime \u2013 ceux dans lesquels l'ennemi qui tue ne vient pas de l'ext\u00e9rieur, mais de l'int\u00e9rieur \u2013 et est inexorable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/65-in-yuzbinleri-6335051<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/6554851.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/laik-turkiye-icin-caglayan-a-6426626<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/3-miting-3-mesaj-6462629<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/izmir-rekor-bekliyor-6495436<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/turkey-used-german-spy-software-on-opposition-politicians-and-activists\/a-43787769<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/en\/content\/turkish-spy-networks-control-opponents<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-39416954<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.birgun.net\/haber\/iddia-pelikancilar-hakan-fidan-gitsin-diyor-283382<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trthaber.com\/haber\/gundem\/iletisim-baskanligi-berat-albayrakin-gorevden-af-talebi-kabul-edilmistir-529559.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/europe\/russia-accuses-president-erdogan-s-son-law-being-linked-isis-oil-trade-a6761436.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2016\/09\/turkey-redhackers-daunt-the-erdogan-family.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepressproject.gr\/exclusive-wikileaks-documents-relations-erdogan-isis-oil-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.duvarenglish.com\/sport\/2020\/02\/10\/politics-in-stadiums-fenerbahce-fans-urge-minister-albayrak-to-keep-hands-off-football<\/a> ; https:\/\/odatv4.com\/fenerbahceliler-damata-karsi-ayaga-kalkti-02022031.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Intelligence Online, \u201cHakan Fidan close to ministerial promotion<\/em>\u201d, see in 2020.11.18 Hakan Fidan Minister<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-launches-project-to-train-1-million-software-developers-154081<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> 2017.04.13 T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mill%C3%AE_%C4%B0stihbarat_Te%C5%9Fkil%C3%A2t%C4%B1#Leitung<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> Hakan Fidan on Nexis, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/t24.com.tr\/haber\/adanada-3-tir-durduruldu-arama-yapiliyor,248707<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> 1000 colpi di mortaio, 1000 colpi di artiglieria, 50\u2019000 fucili d'assalto e 30\u2019000 munizioni per mitragliatrice \u2013 see in https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529223636\/http:\/\/www.aktifhaber.com\/devlet-sirri-denilen-mit-tirlari-ile-ilgili-tapeler-1053377h.htm#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.haber7.com\/guncel\/haber\/1121773-mit-tirlari-neden-durduruldu ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aljazeera.com.tr\/haber\/mit-tirlari-boyle-durduruldu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/bianet.org\/bianet\/insan-haklari\/155519-tir-lari-durdurmakla-suclanan-13-askere-muebbet-istendi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milliyet.com.tr\/gundem\/mit-tirlari-olayinda-yeni-gelisme-5-savci-gorevden-uzaklastirildi-1999064<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/erdogandan-canli-yayinda-can-dundara-tehdit-288885<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.faz.net\/aktuell\/politik\/ausland\/europa\/tuerkei\/tuerkei-kampf-gegen-die-soldaten-des-lichts-12715816.html?printPagedArticle=true#pageIndex_3<\/a> ; https:\/\/taz.de\/Wie-Guelen-zum-Staatsfeind-Nr-1-wurde\/!5323191\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2021\/02\/03\/son-dakika-istihbarattaki-fetocu-generalden-bomba-itiraflar-tegmen-rutbemi-fetullah-gulen-takti<\/a> ; https:\/\/tr.sputniknews.com\/turkiye\/202001211041211454-sozcu-ilker-basbugu-cezaevine-attiran-feto-mektubunu-acikliyoruz\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.genios.de\/presse-archiv\/artikel\/FAZ\/20171111\/jagd-auf-die-guelenisten\/FR1201711115279571.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nadir.org\/nadir\/initiativ\/isku\/hintergrund\/geheimdienste\/geheim994.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/tuerkischer-geheimdienst-liess-erdogan-gegner-in-deutschland-ausspionieren\/12027820.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article157778863\/Erdogans-Agenten-bedrohen-Tuerken-in-Deutschland.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html ;  https:\/\/www.derstandard.at\/story\/1397522175727\/geheimdienst-staat-tuerkei<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2020\/09\/turkey-austria-spy-nehammer-kurdish-clashes-protests-vienna.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/austria-turkey-espionage-int-idUSKBN25S4R5<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/10\/13\/world\/europe\/turkey-austria-erdogan-assassin.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/global-europe\/news\/flemish-minister-turkish-sponosred-mosque-is-nest-of-spies\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/07\/06\/influenced-by-gulenists-belgium-targets-turkish-mosques-fighting-extremism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/erdogan-critics-listed-by-turkish-embassy-in-prague-were-included-in-bogus-terrorism-probe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turk-greek-ties-strained-by-arson-row-10324<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-greece-germany-spying\/greek-police-arrest-german-on-suspicion-of-spying-idUSBRE97208820130803<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kathimerini.gr\/society\/896001\/istories-me-kataskopoys-sto-aigaio\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.larissanet.gr\/2019\/06\/21\/dikazetai-sti-rodo-kataskopos-tis-tourkias\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/ahvalnews.com\/mit\/turkish-intelligence-recruits-eu-retirees-spy-greece<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/04\/turkish-intelligence-operations-targeting-critics-in-greece-exposed-in-secret-documents\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/intelnews.org\/2016\/12\/09\/01-2023\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/more-secret-documents-confirming-vast-turkish-espionage-activities-in-greece-uncovered\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.skai.gr\/news\/greece\/dyo-syllipseis-ellinon-gia-kataskopeia-sti-rodo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-kosovo-security-turkey-idUSKBN1H70CC<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/opinion\/murat-yetkin\/turkish-intelligence-unveils-secret-codes-used-before-coup-attempt-103843<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2018\/09\/turkish-teachers-detained-moldova-gulen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/balkaninsight.com\/2018\/09\/06\/six-turkish-professors-detained-by-moldovan-secret-services-09-06-2018\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/turkeypurge.com\/turkey-spying-imams-active-also-in-norway<\/a> ; https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/turkeys-autocratic-president-erdogans-spying-profiling-expands-in-norway\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/kafila.org\/www-matthewaid-com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/report-sweden-launches-espionage-probe-into-turkish-govt-representatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/politics\/undiplomatic_swiss-eye-alleged-turkish-kidnapping-attempt\/43973170 ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/swiss-foreign-minister-warns-turkey-against-illegal-spying-111199 ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/eu-affairs\/2017\/05\/01\/as-anti-turkish-politics-grip-europe-turkish-swiss-policeman-arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-brings-key-feto-suspect-from-ukraine-to-turkey-134608<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.meforum.org\/60976\/turkish-spy-agency-mit-intelligence-gathering-australia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-court\/egypt-detains-29-people-on-suspicion-of-espionage-for-turkey-idUSKBN1DM1AN<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/33764\/In-Pictures-Egypt-foils-Turkish-espionage-attempt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-agency-brings-three-feto-members-from-gabon-to-turkey-130050<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/turkey\/turkish-intelligence-agency-rescues-a-kidnapped-italian-citizen-in-kenya-36192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20190807-libyan-national-army-turkish-intelligence-is-operating-in-tripoli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/11\/27\/senior-feto-figure-captured-by-turkish-intelligence-in-sudan\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

14 avril 2007 : Devant le mausol\u00e9e \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire du p\u00e8re de la patrie, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, le peuple turc descend dans la rue pour r\u00e9clamer la la\u00efcit\u00e9, la libert\u00e9, la d\u00e9mocratie, la paix, le progr\u00e8s et la prosp\u00e9rit\u00e9. Ensuite, il manifeste contre le r\u00e9gime corrompu et incomp\u00e9tent de Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan qui offre mis\u00e8re, corruption, fondamentalisme religieux, suppression violente de toutes les libert\u00e9s et g\u00e9nocide contre les minorit\u00e9s ethniques. Il y a des centaines de milliers de personnes qui demandent pacifiquement une nouvelle Turquie et n'obtiennent que violence et pers\u00e9cution. Selon la presse nationale, les manifestants \u00e9taient plus d'un million et demi de personnes[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis, la strat\u00e9gie du r\u00e9gime est claire : supprimer toute protestation, critique, mauvaise humeur, journal ou blog, quiconque est capable d'organiser une nouvelle foule pour montrer au monde ce qu'est la Turquie aujourd'hui. Et quand Erdo\u011fan s'est rendu compte qu'il n'y avait pas de leaders de la contestation, mais plut\u00f4t un d\u00e9sespoir g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9, exhortant les individus \u00e0 appeler d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9ment \u00e0 l'aide[2]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 probablement \u00e0 un monde occidental aveugle et opportuniste \u2013 la strat\u00e9gie a \u00e9t\u00e9 affin\u00e9e et une nouvelle op\u00e9ration de pers\u00e9cution individuelle mise en place. Quelque chose de jamais vu auparavant qui surmonte la r\u00e9pression bureaucratique des nazis parce qu'il utilise une technologie que (heureusement) Adolf Hitler et ses hi\u00e9rarchies n'ont jamais eu \u00e0 leur disposition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'op\u00e9ration consiste \u00e0 \u00e9couter tous les t\u00e9l\u00e9phones portables en Turquie, \u00e0 espionner leurs contacts, \u00e0 lire les \u00e9changes de messages, \u00e0 ins\u00e9rer de fausses donn\u00e9es et conversations pour identifier les m\u00e9contents et \u00e0 cr\u00e9er sur leurs appareils de fausses preuves de leur participation \u00e0 un complot terroriste[3]<\/sup><\/a>. Une op\u00e9ration de cynisme et de brutalit\u00e9, \u00e0 la fois physique et psychologique, qui va bien au-del\u00e0 des cauchemars que George Orwell a racont\u00e9s dans ses romans sur l'apocalypse sociale. Quand Erdo\u011fan s'est rendu compte que cela ne suffirait pas, le dictateur a \u00e9largi l'audition et la falsification des communications \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, dans des pays comme la Gr\u00e8ce, l'Australie ou l'Allemagne, o\u00f9 vivent des milliers de Turcs qui ont fui leur patrie[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cauchemar du contr\u00f4le \u00e9lectronique total<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hakan Fidan (\u00e0 gauche), Bayrat Albarak (au centre) et Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan (\u00e0 droite), les directeurs de la terreur t\u00e9l\u00e9matique d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par le gouvernement d'Ankara<\/sub><\/strong>[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'op\u00e9ration est dirig\u00e9e par Hakan Fidan, un ami proche d'Erdo\u011fan et chef du service de renseignement turc (MIT \u2013 Mill\u00ee \u0130stihbarat Te\u015fkil\u00e2t\u0131) : c'est un sergent qui, apr\u00e8s avoir rencontr\u00e9 le futur dictateur, a suivi sa carri\u00e8re de chef de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 personnelle puis progressivement atteint un cadre d'espionnage militaire, au point qu'en novembre 2020, suite \u00e0 la d\u00e9mission du gendre d'Erdo\u011fan, Berat Albayrak[6]<\/sup><\/a> (qui a financ\u00e9 l'EI dans le cadre de sa coop\u00e9ration avec l'Irak[7]<\/sup><\/a>, ainsi que sa participation au scandale de la manipulation des r\u00e9sultats de la Ligue turque de football a eu des ennuis)[8]<\/sup><\/a>, il est devenu le principal candidat \u00e0 la fonction du nouveau ministre des Finances[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Albayrak n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi pour ses comp\u00e9tences en \u00e9conomie, mais parce qu'il est le coordinateur de tout un projet de contr\u00f4le t\u00e9l\u00e9matique, pour lequel le r\u00e9gime, apr\u00e8s avoir form\u00e9 un million de hackers d'\u00c9tat, contr\u00f4lera toutes les transactions \u00e9conomiques de chaque entreprise et de chaque citoyen[10]<\/sup><\/a> : officiellement pour emp\u00eacher l\u2019\u00e9vasion fiscale. Le fait que Hakan Fidan soit \u00e0 la t\u00eate de ce nouveau minist\u00e8re depuis janvier 2021 rend tout clair et simple.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdo\u011fan a depuis transform\u00e9 le bureau du Premier ministre en une agence gouvernementale enregistr\u00e9e[11]<\/sup><\/a> qui contr\u00f4le certains consulats turcs \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger \u2013 comme Atlanta, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, Washington DC (USA), Burnaby (Canada) et Rabat (Maroc)[12]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 et de bien s\u00fbr le MIT[13]<\/sup><\/a> aussi. Dans chacune de ces agences, Hakan Fidan joue le r\u00f4le de directeur ex\u00e9cutif[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Peut-\u00eatre parce que le MIT n'est pas seulement actif en Turquie, mais partout dans le monde ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 19 janvier 2014, la gendarmerie turque a bloqu\u00e9 deux camions \u00e0 destination de la Syrie qui \u00e9taient pleins d'armes[15]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 des armes destin\u00e9es \u00e0 aider l'arm\u00e9e du califat (EI)[16]<\/sup><\/a> transport\u00e9es par des agents du MIT[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Erdo\u011fan a d'abord affirm\u00e9 qu'il s'agissait d'une aide humanitaire[18]<\/sup><\/a>, mais certains journalistes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 filmer le camion et le mensonge a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9couvert. R\u00e9sultat : les 13 gendarmes qui ont arr\u00eat\u00e9 les camions ont \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 de longues peines de prison[19]<\/sup><\/a> ; Les juges d'instruction ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9mis de leurs fonctions et inculp\u00e9s[20]<\/sup><\/a> ; les journalistes impliqu\u00e9s dans l'enregistrement ou la publication des informations ont \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq ans de prison[21]<\/sup><\/a>. La police a re\u00e7u de nouveaux ordres : n'emp\u00eachez jamais les v\u00e9hicules du MIT d'aller \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'une des t\u00e2ches du MIT est de combattre la secte Hizmet et son pr\u00e9dicateur Fethullah G\u00fclen (en tapant sur les t\u00e9l\u00e9phones et Internet, en traquant, en enlevant, en torturant, en assassinant[22]<\/sup><\/a>) en Turquie et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Cependant, la t\u00e2che principale du MIT est de combattre les opposants \u00e0 l'ext\u00e9rieur du pays. Environ 500 responsables du MIT et plus de 6000 informateurs sont actifs en Allemagne \u2013 une structure encore plus grande et plus puissante que STASI \u00e0 l'\u00e9poque de la RDA[24]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 dont le but n'est pas seulement d'observer et de signaler les citoyens turcs qui ont \u00e9migr\u00e9 en Europe, mais aussi d'intervenir physiquement[25]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'un des objectifs du MIT est d'intercepter les communications pour cr\u00e9er des preuves fictives contre les critiques du r\u00e9gime d'Ankara et pour justifier leur enl\u00e8vement et leur torture[26]<\/sup><\/a>. Une strat\u00e9gie que le MIT poursuit \u00e9galement dans plusieurs autres pays du monde \u2013 par exemple en Autriche[27]<\/sup><\/a>, Belgique[28]<\/sup><\/a>, R\u00e9publique tch\u00e8que[29]<\/sup><\/a>, France[30]<\/sup><\/a>, Gr\u00e8ce[31]<\/sup><\/a>, Kosovo[32]<\/sup><\/a>, Lituanie[33]<\/sup><\/a>, Moldavie[34]<\/sup><\/a>, Norv\u00e8ge[35]<\/sup><\/a>, Serbie[36]<\/sup><\/a>, Su\u00e8de[37]<\/sup><\/a>, Suisse[38]<\/sup><\/a>, Ukraine[39]<\/sup><\/a>, Royaume-Uni[40]<\/sup><\/a> , Australie[41]<\/sup><\/a>, \u00c9gypte[42]<\/sup><\/a>, Gabon[43]<\/sup><\/a>, Kenya[44]<\/sup><\/a>, Libye[45]<\/sup><\/a>, Soudan[46]<\/sup><\/a>, \u00c9tats-Unis[47]<\/sup><\/a>, Arm\u00e9nie[48]<\/sup><\/a>, Azerba\u00efdjan[49]<\/sup><\/a>, G\u00e9orgie[50]<\/sup><\/a>, Irak[51]<\/sup><\/a>, Malaisie[52]<\/sup><\/a>, Mongolie[53]<\/sup><\/a>, Pakistan[54]<\/sup><\/a> et Syrie, o\u00f9 le gouvernement turc se bat avec sa propre arm\u00e9e et soutient l'EI[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Technologie allemande pour le tortionnaire d'Erdo\u011fan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Comment fonctionne l'application FishSpy de FinFisher GmbH \u00e0 Munich \u2013 le c\u0153ur battant du syst\u00e8me d'espionnage turc du MIT<\/sub><\/strong>[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le syst\u00e8me complexe de contr\u00f4le, de piratage, d'interception et de falsification n\u00e9cessaire pour surveiller des millions de personnes n'est pas un jouet. Des ONG de toute l'Europe recherchent qui a d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 une telle technologie et l'a trouv\u00e9e en Allemagne \u2013 elle s'appelle FinSpy et est produite par trois soci\u00e9t\u00e9s du groupe Gamma International : FinFisher GmbH Munich, FinFisher Labs GmbH Munich et Elaman GmbH Munich. Quatre organisations ont pu le prouver \u00e0 la justice allemande[57]<\/sup><\/a> : Reporters sans fronti\u00e8res de Berlin (actif dans toute l'Europe, principalement pr\u00e9occup\u00e9 par la libert\u00e9 de la presse[58]<\/sup><\/a>), GFF Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Freiheitsrechte de Berlin (tr\u00e8s active dans la surveillance des activit\u00e9s ill\u00e9gales du BND et d'autres services secrets allemands[59]<\/sup><\/a>), Netzpolitik.org \u00e0 Berlin (un journal en ligne[60]<\/sup><\/a>) et le Centre europ\u00e9en pour la Constitution et les droits de l'homme \u00e0 Berlin[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le parquet de Munich lance une enqu\u00eate p\u00e9nale sur la base des preuves pr\u00e9sent\u00e9es par ces ONG : les entreprises bavaroises susmentionn\u00e9es ont viol\u00e9 la loi sur le commerce ext\u00e9rieur[62]<\/sup><\/a> sur au moins six points et ont non seulement vendu FinSpy \u00e0 la Turquie, mais aussi aux gouvernements de nombreux autres pays, y compris Bahre\u00efn, l'\u00c9gypte, l'\u00c9thiopie, la Libye, le Kazakhstan, l'Arabie saoudite et le Venezuela[63]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 tous des pays qui soul\u00e8vent de graves pr\u00e9occupations quant \u00e0 la nature d\u00e9mocratique du syst\u00e8me politique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enqu\u00eate a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que ces trois soci\u00e9t\u00e9s n'en \u00e9taient qu'\u00e0 l'origine une, Gamma International UK Ltd. Winchester, contre qui une enqu\u00eate ouverte en 2013 par les autorit\u00e9s judiciaires britanniques[64]<\/sup><\/a> a \u00e9t\u00e9 bloqu\u00e9e, qui aurait mis l'entreprise sur la liste noire de l'OCDE[65]<\/sup><\/a> fin 2016 \u2013 une mesure qui interdit \u00e0 quiconque dans le monde de faire affaire avec ce groupe industriel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enqu\u00eate britannique s'est limit\u00e9e \u00e0 l'analyse de la vente de FinSpy \u00e0 Bahre\u00efn, tandis que l'enqu\u00eate allemande, accompagn\u00e9e d'un grand nombre de t\u00e9moignages de victimes de la terreur du r\u00e9gime d'Erdo\u011fan en Turquie et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, va beaucoup plus loin et constate que FinSpy a \u00e9t\u00e9 vendu ill\u00e9galement dans 36 pays[66]<\/sup><\/a>, il y a d'\u00e9normes centres de stockage de donn\u00e9es dans 11 pays[67]<\/sup><\/a>, de sorte qu'on soup\u00e7onne maintenant qu'il y a beaucoup d'autres crimes cach\u00e9s derri\u00e8re les faits connus[68]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est pourquoi le parquet de Munich a ordonn\u00e9 une perquisition des locaux de la capitale bavaroise, mais aussi de la branche roumaine du groupe Gamma International[69]<\/sup><\/a>, en octobre 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il est presque impossible de se d\u00e9fendre contre FinSpy : le malware s'installe avec de fausses mises \u00e0 jour d\u00e9guis\u00e9es en officielles, via des e-mails avec de fausses pi\u00e8ces jointes ou \u00e0 travers des failles de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans le logiciel \u2013 comme Avira[70]<\/sup><\/a> ou iTunes d'Apple \u2013 et ensuite via les fausses plates-formes du principaux moteurs de recherche, installations Mac et Linux[71]<\/sup><\/a>, programmes de messagerie \u00e9lectronique, r\u00e9seaux sociaux, sites Web pour les achats en ligne[72]<\/sup><\/a>. L\u00e0 o\u00f9 le malware de Gamma International ne parvient pas, celui de l'\u00e9quipe de piratage de David Vincenzetti[73]<\/sup><\/a> est l\u00e0[74]<\/sup><\/a>. Mais cette soci\u00e9t\u00e9 n'est plus l\u00e0, Gamma l'a surpass\u00e9e, ses fondateurs sont r\u00e9partis dans de nombreuses petites entreprises[75]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re les poup\u00e9es Matriochka?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

En 2015, le Citizen Lab Institute de Toronto avait identifi\u00e9 35 pays qui utilisaient ill\u00e9galement les applications du groupe Gamma \/ FinFisher<\/sub><\/strong>[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enqu\u00eate du parquet de Munich laisse un go\u00fbt un peu amer dans la bouche: comment est-il possible qu'une plainte de quatre ONG ait \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9cessaire pour enqu\u00eate ? Il est logique que le soup\u00e7on d'hypocrisie surgisse, surtout en sachant que les services secrets allemands (BND) avaient d\u00e9cern\u00e9 \u00e0 Stephan Oelkers de Gamma International les Big Brother Awards en 2012, car Gamma \u00e9tait \u00ab la meilleure entreprise au monde intrusion de syst\u00e8mes informatiques et installation de logiciels de surveillance<\/em> (...) Gamma propose ses services sur son site Internet \u2013 bien que le d\u00e9veloppement et la distribution de ce type de logiciel espion soient interdits par le droit p\u00e9nal allemand (Par. 282c StGB). Cependant, cela ne s'applique qu'aux clients priv\u00e9s, pas aux ventes aux autorit\u00e9s nationales ou \u00e0 la police secr\u00e8te d'une dictature \u00e9trang\u00e8re. C'est la raison pour laquelle le parquet de Munich a refus\u00e9 d'engager une proc\u00e9dure p\u00e9nale contre Gamma<\/em> \u00bb[77]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref : tout le monde savait tout, mais il y a huit ans, le procureur de Munich pensait que c'\u00e9tait une bagatelle tant que cette technologie monstrueuse \u00e9tait utilis\u00e9e par les dictatures pour opprimer leur propre peuple.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour \u00eatre pr\u00e9cis, nous en savons beaucoup sur les activit\u00e9s ill\u00e9gales de ce groupe depuis 1973 (lorsque les ordinateurs \u00e9taient des jouets et que l'espionnage consistait \u00e0 infiltrer des hommes louches dans des salles secr\u00e8tes \u00e0 l'aide d'un appareil microfilmant des documents interdits) de personnes dispers\u00e9es dans la campagne anglaise, dans le port de Hambourg, dans la capitale bavaroise ou dans les bidonvilles du Cap Town. L'histoire commence par un c\u00e2ble que l'ambassade am\u00e9ricaine \u00e0 Bonn a envoy\u00e9 aux autorit\u00e9s f\u00e9d\u00e9rales \u2013 un message signalant les activit\u00e9s suspectes d'un d\u00e9taillant d'\u00e9lectronique n\u00e9erlandais bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Hambourg, Peter Kluever[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La CIA d\u00e9cide d'investir dans cet homme, tout comme l'arm\u00e9e allemande. En 1981, ses deux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s PK Electronics et PKI Electronic Intelligence GmbH avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 des contrats avec le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. En 1983, le prince h\u00e9ritier d'Arabie saoudite, Abdullah Ibn Nasir IBn Abd al-Asis Al Sa'ud, visite Hambourg et les g\u00e9n\u00e9raux allemands lui montrent les effets de l'utilisation de la technologie Kluever sur l'efficacit\u00e9 et la cadence de tir des chars L\u00e9opard \u2013 qui le gouvernement de Moved Riyadh pour acqu\u00e9rir cette technologie[79]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 1987, Oelkers s'est envol\u00e9 pour P\u00e9kin pour une d\u00e9monstration de ses nouvelles puces et a ravi les g\u00e9n\u00e9raux chinois qui sont devenus une partie de sa client\u00e8le[80]<\/sup><\/a>. Dans le cadre des accords sign\u00e9s avec les \u00c9tats-Unis, \u00e0 partir de 1985, Kluever a vendu une technologie d'espionnage am\u00e9ricaine tr\u00e8s moderne (d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e par l'Ocean Applied Research Corporation \u00e0 San Diego[81]<\/sup><\/a> et distribu\u00e9e par le groupe CompuDyne Corporation en Pennsylvanie[82]<\/sup><\/a>) \u00e0 Muhammar Ghaddafi en Libye, \u00e0 Hafiz Al -Assad en Syrie, \u00e0 Haji Mohammad Suharto en Indon\u00e9sie \u2013 les trois pr\u00e9sidents l'utilisent pour intercepter les appels t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques et les \u00e9missions radio des opposants, des arm\u00e9es \u00e9trang\u00e8res et des groupes rebelles[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En vieillissant, Kluever vendra son entreprise (le PK Electronics Group \u00e0 Hambourg) \u00e0 deux ing\u00e9nieurs, l'Allemand Stephan Oelkers et l'Anglais William Louthean Nelson. Ce dernier avait commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 diriger le bureau de P\u00e9kin en 1985 et avait cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre soci\u00e9t\u00e9, Personal Protection Products Ltd. Hong Kong[84]<\/sup><\/a>, en 1992, qui jusqu'en 1994, via sa filiale de Hull[85]<\/sup><\/a>, vendait des dispositifs d'\u00e9coute utilis\u00e9s par les services secrets britanniques pour combattre l'IRA en Ulster[86]<\/sup><\/a>. Lorsque Kluever prendra sa retraite, PK Electronics sera transmis \u00e0 William Nelson et \u00e0 son fils Louthean John Alexander Nelson, les fondateurs du groupe Gamma International[87]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le sch\u00e9ma des participations du Groupe Gamma International ainsi que des personnes et soci\u00e9t\u00e9s associ\u00e9es \u2013 \u00a9 IBI World Ltd. London<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une nouvelle \u00e8re commence dans laquelle les anciennes \u00e9coutes t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques seront bient\u00f4t surmont\u00e9es et oubli\u00e9es. Le jeune Louthean commence \u00e0 travailler avec Niels J\u00f8rgen Tobiasen et ses deux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s : The CBRN Team Ltd. Londres[88]<\/sup><\/a> et The Phoenix Hazard Training Ltd. Darlington[89]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est une op\u00e9ration industrielle qui est n\u00e9e d'un contrat de fourniture d'armes chimiques, biologiques, radiologiques et nucl\u00e9aires \u00e0 l'Ouganda[90]<\/sup><\/a> qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9goci\u00e9 avec un membre du gouvernement, Ananias Tumukunde, qui avait accept\u00e9 un pot-de-vin de 40000 \u00a3[91]<\/sup><\/a>. Une op\u00e9ration qui s'est termin\u00e9e par l'arrestation de Tumukunde \u00e0 Kampala et de Tobiasen \u00e0 Londres en juillet 2007[92]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au cours de ces ann\u00e9es, Louthean Nelson a \u00e9galement tent\u00e9 de faciliter une collaboration avec l'\u00e9quipe de piratage de David Vincenzetti : avec l'un des meilleurs hackers du groupe milanais, Alberto Pelliccione, Nelson a essay\u00e9 apr\u00e8s un certain temps de trouver un syst\u00e8me pour pirater les appareils Nokia \u2013 mais Pelliccione change d\u2019avis quand il d\u00e9couvre que Nelson a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 livrer des armes aux pays touch\u00e9s par les sanctions internationales par l'interm\u00e9diaire d'une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qui a maintenant \u00e9t\u00e9 liquid\u00e9e, Cyan Engineering Services SAL Beirut[93]<\/sup><\/a>. Quelque chose avec lequel Pelliccione ne veut rien avoir \u00e0 voir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'entreprise suivante est peut-\u00eatre encore plus \u00e9tonnante : Nelson fonde Elaman et d\u00e9localise certaines activit\u00e9s en Suisse[94]<\/sup><\/a> parce qu'il fait de nouveau affaire avec l'ancien partenaire de son p\u00e8re, Stephan Oelkers. Oelkers a convaincu Nelson de d\u00e9placer son centre d'op\u00e9rations de Hambourg \u00e0 Munich et d'accepter un nouveau partenaire, Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt. Cela devrait travailler avec les services secrets autrichiens[95]<\/sup><\/a> et tenter de reprendre la station de Bad Aibling \u00e0 la NSA (American Military Intelligence)[96]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est une tentation imposante et extr\u00eamement symbolique : la station d'interception de Bad Aibling est n\u00e9e en 1936 comme a\u00e9roport militaire et centre radar de la Luftwaffe, et \u00e0 la fin de la guerre, l'arm\u00e9e am\u00e9ricaine l'a convertie en camp de transit pour les prisonniers de guerre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s et victimes des camps de concentration nationaux-socialistes. Un camp de concentration tr\u00e8s c\u00e9l\u00e8bre que les \u00e9crivains G\u00fcnther Grass et Joseph Ratzinger (le futur pape Beno\u00eet XVI)[97]<\/sup><\/a> ont travers\u00e9. De 1952 jusqu'\u00e0 la fermeture, demand\u00e9e par l'Union europ\u00e9enne en 2001 et r\u00e9alis\u00e9e en 2004 (officiellement, puisque l'installation \u00e9tait toujours en activit\u00e9 en 2013[98]<\/sup><\/a>), la NSA de Bad Aibling a assembl\u00e9 ses syst\u00e8mes Echelon[99]<\/sup><\/a> pour intercepter les communications t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques du plan\u00e8te enti\u00e8re[100]<\/sup><\/a>. La prise de contr\u00f4le de la station NSA aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 la cons\u00e9cration de Nelson et de ses employ\u00e9s \u00e0 une entreprise d'importance mondiale et au pouvoir presque illimit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les n\u00e9gociations n'\u00e9taient pas termin\u00e9es lorsque FinFisher a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 vendre son FinSpy \u00e0 la Turquie et le monde entier a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 voir le danger. Apr\u00e8s les recherches \u00e0 Munich, en Suisse et en Roumanie, Nelson a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 liquider toutes les entreprises le plus rapidement possible: certaines d'entre elles (Computplus Ltd., G2 Systems Ltd., Gamma 2000 Ltd., Gamma 2000 Waste Management Ltd., Gamma International (UK) Ltd.) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 liquid\u00e9s d\u00e9but f\u00e9vrier 2021 au moment de la r\u00e9daction de cet article[101]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'y a pas de retour en arri\u00e8re<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

14 avril 2007 : Plus d'un million de citoyens pacifiques protestent contre l'abolition de la libert\u00e9 et contre un r\u00e9gime qui a transform\u00e9 leur patrie en un enfer d'oppression, de violence et de mis\u00e8re. Une sc\u00e8ne d'humanit\u00e9 passionnante qui pourrait difficilement \u00eatre r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9e<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, cela ne change pas la substance des choses. Aujourd'hui, f\u00e9vrier 2021, le gouvernement et ses agences de renseignement dans au moins 40 pays \u00e0 travers le monde, dont la grande majorit\u00e9 est dirig\u00e9e par une dictature, ont entre les mains des logiciels qui vont non seulement au-del\u00e0 des sc\u00e9narios apocalyptiques d\u00e9crits par George Orwell, mais aussi du \"Br\u00e9sil<\/em>\" de Terry Gilliam : D\u00e9sormais, un r\u00e9gime n'a plus besoin de d\u00e9couvrir que quelqu'un pr\u00e9pare un complot pour les isoler, les torturer, les condamner et les exterminer. L'\u00c9tat peut cr\u00e9er des preuves d'un simple clic d'ordinateur, en utilisant un logiciel qui en un milli\u00e8me de seconde condamnera chacun de nous et impliquera chacun de nos proches dans notre destruction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 o\u00f9 l'ali\u00e9nation de l'individu du contexte commun a d\u00e9j\u00e0 atteint des proportions inqui\u00e9tantes, les logiciels d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s et vendus par une petite poign\u00e9e de criminels totalement inconnus du public ont permis \u00e0 l'humanit\u00e9 de s'engager sur un chemin de non-retour : celui o\u00f9 il n'y a plus rien de vrai et de v\u00e9rifiable dans lequel chacun de nous doit douter de qui est autour de nous, et m\u00eame (et plus encore) nous-m\u00eames.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La faiblesse et la superficialit\u00e9 avec lesquelles les gouvernements occidentaux (en particulier les \u00c9tats-Unis, l'Allemagne et le Royaume-Uni) ont permis \u00e0 ce logiciel d'\u00eatre distribu\u00e9 \u00e0 travers la plan\u00e8te pour des calculs purement \u00e9go\u00efstes sont impardonnables et le signe que 75 ans apr\u00e8s la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale , 30 ans apr\u00e8s la fin de la guerre froide, et la peur d'un conflit nucl\u00e9aire lorsque la nature se rebelle contre la mani\u00e8re insens\u00e9e dont nous la d\u00e9truisons, les gens ont franchi la limite ultime \u2013 ceux dans lesquels l'ennemi qui tue ne vient pas de l'ext\u00e9rieur, mais de l'int\u00e9rieur \u2013 et est inexorable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/65-in-yuzbinleri-6335051<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/6554851.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/laik-turkiye-icin-caglayan-a-6426626<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/3-miting-3-mesaj-6462629<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/izmir-rekor-bekliyor-6495436<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/turkey-used-german-spy-software-on-opposition-politicians-and-activists\/a-43787769<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/en\/content\/turkish-spy-networks-control-opponents<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-39416954<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.birgun.net\/haber\/iddia-pelikancilar-hakan-fidan-gitsin-diyor-283382<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trthaber.com\/haber\/gundem\/iletisim-baskanligi-berat-albayrakin-gorevden-af-talebi-kabul-edilmistir-529559.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/europe\/russia-accuses-president-erdogan-s-son-law-being-linked-isis-oil-trade-a6761436.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2016\/09\/turkey-redhackers-daunt-the-erdogan-family.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepressproject.gr\/exclusive-wikileaks-documents-relations-erdogan-isis-oil-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.duvarenglish.com\/sport\/2020\/02\/10\/politics-in-stadiums-fenerbahce-fans-urge-minister-albayrak-to-keep-hands-off-football<\/a> ; https:\/\/odatv4.com\/fenerbahceliler-damata-karsi-ayaga-kalkti-02022031.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Intelligence Online, \u201cHakan Fidan close to ministerial promotion<\/em>\u201d, see in 2020.11.18 Hakan Fidan Minister<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-launches-project-to-train-1-million-software-developers-154081<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> 2017.04.13 T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mill%C3%AE_%C4%B0stihbarat_Te%C5%9Fkil%C3%A2t%C4%B1#Leitung<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> Hakan Fidan on Nexis, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/t24.com.tr\/haber\/adanada-3-tir-durduruldu-arama-yapiliyor,248707<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> 1000 colpi di mortaio, 1000 colpi di artiglieria, 50\u2019000 fucili d'assalto e 30\u2019000 munizioni per mitragliatrice \u2013 see in https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529223636\/http:\/\/www.aktifhaber.com\/devlet-sirri-denilen-mit-tirlari-ile-ilgili-tapeler-1053377h.htm#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.haber7.com\/guncel\/haber\/1121773-mit-tirlari-neden-durduruldu ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aljazeera.com.tr\/haber\/mit-tirlari-boyle-durduruldu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/bianet.org\/bianet\/insan-haklari\/155519-tir-lari-durdurmakla-suclanan-13-askere-muebbet-istendi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milliyet.com.tr\/gundem\/mit-tirlari-olayinda-yeni-gelisme-5-savci-gorevden-uzaklastirildi-1999064<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/erdogandan-canli-yayinda-can-dundara-tehdit-288885<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.faz.net\/aktuell\/politik\/ausland\/europa\/tuerkei\/tuerkei-kampf-gegen-die-soldaten-des-lichts-12715816.html?printPagedArticle=true#pageIndex_3<\/a> ; https:\/\/taz.de\/Wie-Guelen-zum-Staatsfeind-Nr-1-wurde\/!5323191\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2021\/02\/03\/son-dakika-istihbarattaki-fetocu-generalden-bomba-itiraflar-tegmen-rutbemi-fetullah-gulen-takti<\/a> ; https:\/\/tr.sputniknews.com\/turkiye\/202001211041211454-sozcu-ilker-basbugu-cezaevine-attiran-feto-mektubunu-acikliyoruz\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.genios.de\/presse-archiv\/artikel\/FAZ\/20171111\/jagd-auf-die-guelenisten\/FR1201711115279571.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nadir.org\/nadir\/initiativ\/isku\/hintergrund\/geheimdienste\/geheim994.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/tuerkischer-geheimdienst-liess-erdogan-gegner-in-deutschland-ausspionieren\/12027820.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article157778863\/Erdogans-Agenten-bedrohen-Tuerken-in-Deutschland.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html ;  https:\/\/www.derstandard.at\/story\/1397522175727\/geheimdienst-staat-tuerkei<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2020\/09\/turkey-austria-spy-nehammer-kurdish-clashes-protests-vienna.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/austria-turkey-espionage-int-idUSKBN25S4R5<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/10\/13\/world\/europe\/turkey-austria-erdogan-assassin.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/global-europe\/news\/flemish-minister-turkish-sponosred-mosque-is-nest-of-spies\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/07\/06\/influenced-by-gulenists-belgium-targets-turkish-mosques-fighting-extremism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/erdogan-critics-listed-by-turkish-embassy-in-prague-were-included-in-bogus-terrorism-probe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turk-greek-ties-strained-by-arson-row-10324<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-greece-germany-spying\/greek-police-arrest-german-on-suspicion-of-spying-idUSBRE97208820130803<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kathimerini.gr\/society\/896001\/istories-me-kataskopoys-sto-aigaio\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.larissanet.gr\/2019\/06\/21\/dikazetai-sti-rodo-kataskopos-tis-tourkias\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/ahvalnews.com\/mit\/turkish-intelligence-recruits-eu-retirees-spy-greece<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/04\/turkish-intelligence-operations-targeting-critics-in-greece-exposed-in-secret-documents\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/intelnews.org\/2016\/12\/09\/01-2023\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/more-secret-documents-confirming-vast-turkish-espionage-activities-in-greece-uncovered\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.skai.gr\/news\/greece\/dyo-syllipseis-ellinon-gia-kataskopeia-sti-rodo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-kosovo-security-turkey-idUSKBN1H70CC<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/opinion\/murat-yetkin\/turkish-intelligence-unveils-secret-codes-used-before-coup-attempt-103843<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2018\/09\/turkish-teachers-detained-moldova-gulen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/balkaninsight.com\/2018\/09\/06\/six-turkish-professors-detained-by-moldovan-secret-services-09-06-2018\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/turkeypurge.com\/turkey-spying-imams-active-also-in-norway<\/a> ; https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/turkeys-autocratic-president-erdogans-spying-profiling-expands-in-norway\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/kafila.org\/www-matthewaid-com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/report-sweden-launches-espionage-probe-into-turkish-govt-representatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/politics\/undiplomatic_swiss-eye-alleged-turkish-kidnapping-attempt\/43973170 ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/swiss-foreign-minister-warns-turkey-against-illegal-spying-111199 ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/eu-affairs\/2017\/05\/01\/as-anti-turkish-politics-grip-europe-turkish-swiss-policeman-arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-brings-key-feto-suspect-from-ukraine-to-turkey-134608<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.meforum.org\/60976\/turkish-spy-agency-mit-intelligence-gathering-australia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-court\/egypt-detains-29-people-on-suspicion-of-espionage-for-turkey-idUSKBN1DM1AN<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/33764\/In-Pictures-Egypt-foils-Turkish-espionage-attempt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-agency-brings-three-feto-members-from-gabon-to-turkey-130050<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/turkey\/turkish-intelligence-agency-rescues-a-kidnapped-italian-citizen-in-kenya-36192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20190807-libyan-national-army-turkish-intelligence-is-operating-in-tripoli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/11\/27\/senior-feto-figure-captured-by-turkish-intelligence-in-sudan\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

14 avril 2007 : Devant le mausol\u00e9e \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire du p\u00e8re de la patrie, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, le peuple turc descend dans la rue pour r\u00e9clamer la la\u00efcit\u00e9, la libert\u00e9, la d\u00e9mocratie, la paix, le progr\u00e8s et la prosp\u00e9rit\u00e9. Ensuite, il manifeste contre le r\u00e9gime corrompu et incomp\u00e9tent de Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan qui offre mis\u00e8re, corruption, fondamentalisme religieux, suppression violente de toutes les libert\u00e9s et g\u00e9nocide contre les minorit\u00e9s ethniques. Il y a des centaines de milliers de personnes qui demandent pacifiquement une nouvelle Turquie et n'obtiennent que violence et pers\u00e9cution. Selon la presse nationale, les manifestants \u00e9taient plus d'un million et demi de personnes[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis, la strat\u00e9gie du r\u00e9gime est claire : supprimer toute protestation, critique, mauvaise humeur, journal ou blog, quiconque est capable d'organiser une nouvelle foule pour montrer au monde ce qu'est la Turquie aujourd'hui. Et quand Erdo\u011fan s'est rendu compte qu'il n'y avait pas de leaders de la contestation, mais plut\u00f4t un d\u00e9sespoir g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9, exhortant les individus \u00e0 appeler d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9ment \u00e0 l'aide[2]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 probablement \u00e0 un monde occidental aveugle et opportuniste \u2013 la strat\u00e9gie a \u00e9t\u00e9 affin\u00e9e et une nouvelle op\u00e9ration de pers\u00e9cution individuelle mise en place. Quelque chose de jamais vu auparavant qui surmonte la r\u00e9pression bureaucratique des nazis parce qu'il utilise une technologie que (heureusement) Adolf Hitler et ses hi\u00e9rarchies n'ont jamais eu \u00e0 leur disposition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'op\u00e9ration consiste \u00e0 \u00e9couter tous les t\u00e9l\u00e9phones portables en Turquie, \u00e0 espionner leurs contacts, \u00e0 lire les \u00e9changes de messages, \u00e0 ins\u00e9rer de fausses donn\u00e9es et conversations pour identifier les m\u00e9contents et \u00e0 cr\u00e9er sur leurs appareils de fausses preuves de leur participation \u00e0 un complot terroriste[3]<\/sup><\/a>. Une op\u00e9ration de cynisme et de brutalit\u00e9, \u00e0 la fois physique et psychologique, qui va bien au-del\u00e0 des cauchemars que George Orwell a racont\u00e9s dans ses romans sur l'apocalypse sociale. Quand Erdo\u011fan s'est rendu compte que cela ne suffirait pas, le dictateur a \u00e9largi l'audition et la falsification des communications \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, dans des pays comme la Gr\u00e8ce, l'Australie ou l'Allemagne, o\u00f9 vivent des milliers de Turcs qui ont fui leur patrie[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cauchemar du contr\u00f4le \u00e9lectronique total<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hakan Fidan (\u00e0 gauche), Bayrat Albarak (au centre) et Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan (\u00e0 droite), les directeurs de la terreur t\u00e9l\u00e9matique d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par le gouvernement d'Ankara<\/sub><\/strong>[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'op\u00e9ration est dirig\u00e9e par Hakan Fidan, un ami proche d'Erdo\u011fan et chef du service de renseignement turc (MIT \u2013 Mill\u00ee \u0130stihbarat Te\u015fkil\u00e2t\u0131) : c'est un sergent qui, apr\u00e8s avoir rencontr\u00e9 le futur dictateur, a suivi sa carri\u00e8re de chef de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 personnelle puis progressivement atteint un cadre d'espionnage militaire, au point qu'en novembre 2020, suite \u00e0 la d\u00e9mission du gendre d'Erdo\u011fan, Berat Albayrak[6]<\/sup><\/a> (qui a financ\u00e9 l'EI dans le cadre de sa coop\u00e9ration avec l'Irak[7]<\/sup><\/a>, ainsi que sa participation au scandale de la manipulation des r\u00e9sultats de la Ligue turque de football a eu des ennuis)[8]<\/sup><\/a>, il est devenu le principal candidat \u00e0 la fonction du nouveau ministre des Finances[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Albayrak n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi pour ses comp\u00e9tences en \u00e9conomie, mais parce qu'il est le coordinateur de tout un projet de contr\u00f4le t\u00e9l\u00e9matique, pour lequel le r\u00e9gime, apr\u00e8s avoir form\u00e9 un million de hackers d'\u00c9tat, contr\u00f4lera toutes les transactions \u00e9conomiques de chaque entreprise et de chaque citoyen[10]<\/sup><\/a> : officiellement pour emp\u00eacher l\u2019\u00e9vasion fiscale. Le fait que Hakan Fidan soit \u00e0 la t\u00eate de ce nouveau minist\u00e8re depuis janvier 2021 rend tout clair et simple.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdo\u011fan a depuis transform\u00e9 le bureau du Premier ministre en une agence gouvernementale enregistr\u00e9e[11]<\/sup><\/a> qui contr\u00f4le certains consulats turcs \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger \u2013 comme Atlanta, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, Washington DC (USA), Burnaby (Canada) et Rabat (Maroc)[12]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 et de bien s\u00fbr le MIT[13]<\/sup><\/a> aussi. Dans chacune de ces agences, Hakan Fidan joue le r\u00f4le de directeur ex\u00e9cutif[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Peut-\u00eatre parce que le MIT n'est pas seulement actif en Turquie, mais partout dans le monde ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 19 janvier 2014, la gendarmerie turque a bloqu\u00e9 deux camions \u00e0 destination de la Syrie qui \u00e9taient pleins d'armes[15]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 des armes destin\u00e9es \u00e0 aider l'arm\u00e9e du califat (EI)[16]<\/sup><\/a> transport\u00e9es par des agents du MIT[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Erdo\u011fan a d'abord affirm\u00e9 qu'il s'agissait d'une aide humanitaire[18]<\/sup><\/a>, mais certains journalistes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 filmer le camion et le mensonge a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9couvert. R\u00e9sultat : les 13 gendarmes qui ont arr\u00eat\u00e9 les camions ont \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 de longues peines de prison[19]<\/sup><\/a> ; Les juges d'instruction ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9mis de leurs fonctions et inculp\u00e9s[20]<\/sup><\/a> ; les journalistes impliqu\u00e9s dans l'enregistrement ou la publication des informations ont \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq ans de prison[21]<\/sup><\/a>. La police a re\u00e7u de nouveaux ordres : n'emp\u00eachez jamais les v\u00e9hicules du MIT d'aller \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'une des t\u00e2ches du MIT est de combattre la secte Hizmet et son pr\u00e9dicateur Fethullah G\u00fclen (en tapant sur les t\u00e9l\u00e9phones et Internet, en traquant, en enlevant, en torturant, en assassinant[22]<\/sup><\/a>) en Turquie et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Cependant, la t\u00e2che principale du MIT est de combattre les opposants \u00e0 l'ext\u00e9rieur du pays. Environ 500 responsables du MIT et plus de 6000 informateurs sont actifs en Allemagne \u2013 une structure encore plus grande et plus puissante que STASI \u00e0 l'\u00e9poque de la RDA[24]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 dont le but n'est pas seulement d'observer et de signaler les citoyens turcs qui ont \u00e9migr\u00e9 en Europe, mais aussi d'intervenir physiquement[25]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'un des objectifs du MIT est d'intercepter les communications pour cr\u00e9er des preuves fictives contre les critiques du r\u00e9gime d'Ankara et pour justifier leur enl\u00e8vement et leur torture[26]<\/sup><\/a>. Une strat\u00e9gie que le MIT poursuit \u00e9galement dans plusieurs autres pays du monde \u2013 par exemple en Autriche[27]<\/sup><\/a>, Belgique[28]<\/sup><\/a>, R\u00e9publique tch\u00e8que[29]<\/sup><\/a>, France[30]<\/sup><\/a>, Gr\u00e8ce[31]<\/sup><\/a>, Kosovo[32]<\/sup><\/a>, Lituanie[33]<\/sup><\/a>, Moldavie[34]<\/sup><\/a>, Norv\u00e8ge[35]<\/sup><\/a>, Serbie[36]<\/sup><\/a>, Su\u00e8de[37]<\/sup><\/a>, Suisse[38]<\/sup><\/a>, Ukraine[39]<\/sup><\/a>, Royaume-Uni[40]<\/sup><\/a> , Australie[41]<\/sup><\/a>, \u00c9gypte[42]<\/sup><\/a>, Gabon[43]<\/sup><\/a>, Kenya[44]<\/sup><\/a>, Libye[45]<\/sup><\/a>, Soudan[46]<\/sup><\/a>, \u00c9tats-Unis[47]<\/sup><\/a>, Arm\u00e9nie[48]<\/sup><\/a>, Azerba\u00efdjan[49]<\/sup><\/a>, G\u00e9orgie[50]<\/sup><\/a>, Irak[51]<\/sup><\/a>, Malaisie[52]<\/sup><\/a>, Mongolie[53]<\/sup><\/a>, Pakistan[54]<\/sup><\/a> et Syrie, o\u00f9 le gouvernement turc se bat avec sa propre arm\u00e9e et soutient l'EI[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Technologie allemande pour le tortionnaire d'Erdo\u011fan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Comment fonctionne l'application FishSpy de FinFisher GmbH \u00e0 Munich \u2013 le c\u0153ur battant du syst\u00e8me d'espionnage turc du MIT<\/sub><\/strong>[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le syst\u00e8me complexe de contr\u00f4le, de piratage, d'interception et de falsification n\u00e9cessaire pour surveiller des millions de personnes n'est pas un jouet. Des ONG de toute l'Europe recherchent qui a d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 une telle technologie et l'a trouv\u00e9e en Allemagne \u2013 elle s'appelle FinSpy et est produite par trois soci\u00e9t\u00e9s du groupe Gamma International : FinFisher GmbH Munich, FinFisher Labs GmbH Munich et Elaman GmbH Munich. Quatre organisations ont pu le prouver \u00e0 la justice allemande[57]<\/sup><\/a> : Reporters sans fronti\u00e8res de Berlin (actif dans toute l'Europe, principalement pr\u00e9occup\u00e9 par la libert\u00e9 de la presse[58]<\/sup><\/a>), GFF Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Freiheitsrechte de Berlin (tr\u00e8s active dans la surveillance des activit\u00e9s ill\u00e9gales du BND et d'autres services secrets allemands[59]<\/sup><\/a>), Netzpolitik.org \u00e0 Berlin (un journal en ligne[60]<\/sup><\/a>) et le Centre europ\u00e9en pour la Constitution et les droits de l'homme \u00e0 Berlin[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le parquet de Munich lance une enqu\u00eate p\u00e9nale sur la base des preuves pr\u00e9sent\u00e9es par ces ONG : les entreprises bavaroises susmentionn\u00e9es ont viol\u00e9 la loi sur le commerce ext\u00e9rieur[62]<\/sup><\/a> sur au moins six points et ont non seulement vendu FinSpy \u00e0 la Turquie, mais aussi aux gouvernements de nombreux autres pays, y compris Bahre\u00efn, l'\u00c9gypte, l'\u00c9thiopie, la Libye, le Kazakhstan, l'Arabie saoudite et le Venezuela[63]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 tous des pays qui soul\u00e8vent de graves pr\u00e9occupations quant \u00e0 la nature d\u00e9mocratique du syst\u00e8me politique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enqu\u00eate a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que ces trois soci\u00e9t\u00e9s n'en \u00e9taient qu'\u00e0 l'origine une, Gamma International UK Ltd. Winchester, contre qui une enqu\u00eate ouverte en 2013 par les autorit\u00e9s judiciaires britanniques[64]<\/sup><\/a> a \u00e9t\u00e9 bloqu\u00e9e, qui aurait mis l'entreprise sur la liste noire de l'OCDE[65]<\/sup><\/a> fin 2016 \u2013 une mesure qui interdit \u00e0 quiconque dans le monde de faire affaire avec ce groupe industriel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enqu\u00eate britannique s'est limit\u00e9e \u00e0 l'analyse de la vente de FinSpy \u00e0 Bahre\u00efn, tandis que l'enqu\u00eate allemande, accompagn\u00e9e d'un grand nombre de t\u00e9moignages de victimes de la terreur du r\u00e9gime d'Erdo\u011fan en Turquie et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, va beaucoup plus loin et constate que FinSpy a \u00e9t\u00e9 vendu ill\u00e9galement dans 36 pays[66]<\/sup><\/a>, il y a d'\u00e9normes centres de stockage de donn\u00e9es dans 11 pays[67]<\/sup><\/a>, de sorte qu'on soup\u00e7onne maintenant qu'il y a beaucoup d'autres crimes cach\u00e9s derri\u00e8re les faits connus[68]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est pourquoi le parquet de Munich a ordonn\u00e9 une perquisition des locaux de la capitale bavaroise, mais aussi de la branche roumaine du groupe Gamma International[69]<\/sup><\/a>, en octobre 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il est presque impossible de se d\u00e9fendre contre FinSpy : le malware s'installe avec de fausses mises \u00e0 jour d\u00e9guis\u00e9es en officielles, via des e-mails avec de fausses pi\u00e8ces jointes ou \u00e0 travers des failles de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans le logiciel \u2013 comme Avira[70]<\/sup><\/a> ou iTunes d'Apple \u2013 et ensuite via les fausses plates-formes du principaux moteurs de recherche, installations Mac et Linux[71]<\/sup><\/a>, programmes de messagerie \u00e9lectronique, r\u00e9seaux sociaux, sites Web pour les achats en ligne[72]<\/sup><\/a>. L\u00e0 o\u00f9 le malware de Gamma International ne parvient pas, celui de l'\u00e9quipe de piratage de David Vincenzetti[73]<\/sup><\/a> est l\u00e0[74]<\/sup><\/a>. Mais cette soci\u00e9t\u00e9 n'est plus l\u00e0, Gamma l'a surpass\u00e9e, ses fondateurs sont r\u00e9partis dans de nombreuses petites entreprises[75]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re les poup\u00e9es Matriochka?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

En 2015, le Citizen Lab Institute de Toronto avait identifi\u00e9 35 pays qui utilisaient ill\u00e9galement les applications du groupe Gamma \/ FinFisher<\/sub><\/strong>[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enqu\u00eate du parquet de Munich laisse un go\u00fbt un peu amer dans la bouche: comment est-il possible qu'une plainte de quatre ONG ait \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9cessaire pour enqu\u00eate ? Il est logique que le soup\u00e7on d'hypocrisie surgisse, surtout en sachant que les services secrets allemands (BND) avaient d\u00e9cern\u00e9 \u00e0 Stephan Oelkers de Gamma International les Big Brother Awards en 2012, car Gamma \u00e9tait \u00ab la meilleure entreprise au monde intrusion de syst\u00e8mes informatiques et installation de logiciels de surveillance<\/em> (...) Gamma propose ses services sur son site Internet \u2013 bien que le d\u00e9veloppement et la distribution de ce type de logiciel espion soient interdits par le droit p\u00e9nal allemand (Par. 282c StGB). Cependant, cela ne s'applique qu'aux clients priv\u00e9s, pas aux ventes aux autorit\u00e9s nationales ou \u00e0 la police secr\u00e8te d'une dictature \u00e9trang\u00e8re. C'est la raison pour laquelle le parquet de Munich a refus\u00e9 d'engager une proc\u00e9dure p\u00e9nale contre Gamma<\/em> \u00bb[77]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref : tout le monde savait tout, mais il y a huit ans, le procureur de Munich pensait que c'\u00e9tait une bagatelle tant que cette technologie monstrueuse \u00e9tait utilis\u00e9e par les dictatures pour opprimer leur propre peuple.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour \u00eatre pr\u00e9cis, nous en savons beaucoup sur les activit\u00e9s ill\u00e9gales de ce groupe depuis 1973 (lorsque les ordinateurs \u00e9taient des jouets et que l'espionnage consistait \u00e0 infiltrer des hommes louches dans des salles secr\u00e8tes \u00e0 l'aide d'un appareil microfilmant des documents interdits) de personnes dispers\u00e9es dans la campagne anglaise, dans le port de Hambourg, dans la capitale bavaroise ou dans les bidonvilles du Cap Town. L'histoire commence par un c\u00e2ble que l'ambassade am\u00e9ricaine \u00e0 Bonn a envoy\u00e9 aux autorit\u00e9s f\u00e9d\u00e9rales \u2013 un message signalant les activit\u00e9s suspectes d'un d\u00e9taillant d'\u00e9lectronique n\u00e9erlandais bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Hambourg, Peter Kluever[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La CIA d\u00e9cide d'investir dans cet homme, tout comme l'arm\u00e9e allemande. En 1981, ses deux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s PK Electronics et PKI Electronic Intelligence GmbH avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 des contrats avec le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. En 1983, le prince h\u00e9ritier d'Arabie saoudite, Abdullah Ibn Nasir IBn Abd al-Asis Al Sa'ud, visite Hambourg et les g\u00e9n\u00e9raux allemands lui montrent les effets de l'utilisation de la technologie Kluever sur l'efficacit\u00e9 et la cadence de tir des chars L\u00e9opard \u2013 qui le gouvernement de Moved Riyadh pour acqu\u00e9rir cette technologie[79]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 1987, Oelkers s'est envol\u00e9 pour P\u00e9kin pour une d\u00e9monstration de ses nouvelles puces et a ravi les g\u00e9n\u00e9raux chinois qui sont devenus une partie de sa client\u00e8le[80]<\/sup><\/a>. Dans le cadre des accords sign\u00e9s avec les \u00c9tats-Unis, \u00e0 partir de 1985, Kluever a vendu une technologie d'espionnage am\u00e9ricaine tr\u00e8s moderne (d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e par l'Ocean Applied Research Corporation \u00e0 San Diego[81]<\/sup><\/a> et distribu\u00e9e par le groupe CompuDyne Corporation en Pennsylvanie[82]<\/sup><\/a>) \u00e0 Muhammar Ghaddafi en Libye, \u00e0 Hafiz Al -Assad en Syrie, \u00e0 Haji Mohammad Suharto en Indon\u00e9sie \u2013 les trois pr\u00e9sidents l'utilisent pour intercepter les appels t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques et les \u00e9missions radio des opposants, des arm\u00e9es \u00e9trang\u00e8res et des groupes rebelles[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En vieillissant, Kluever vendra son entreprise (le PK Electronics Group \u00e0 Hambourg) \u00e0 deux ing\u00e9nieurs, l'Allemand Stephan Oelkers et l'Anglais William Louthean Nelson. Ce dernier avait commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 diriger le bureau de P\u00e9kin en 1985 et avait cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre soci\u00e9t\u00e9, Personal Protection Products Ltd. Hong Kong[84]<\/sup><\/a>, en 1992, qui jusqu'en 1994, via sa filiale de Hull[85]<\/sup><\/a>, vendait des dispositifs d'\u00e9coute utilis\u00e9s par les services secrets britanniques pour combattre l'IRA en Ulster[86]<\/sup><\/a>. Lorsque Kluever prendra sa retraite, PK Electronics sera transmis \u00e0 William Nelson et \u00e0 son fils Louthean John Alexander Nelson, les fondateurs du groupe Gamma International[87]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le sch\u00e9ma des participations du Groupe Gamma International ainsi que des personnes et soci\u00e9t\u00e9s associ\u00e9es \u2013 \u00a9 IBI World Ltd. London<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une nouvelle \u00e8re commence dans laquelle les anciennes \u00e9coutes t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques seront bient\u00f4t surmont\u00e9es et oubli\u00e9es. Le jeune Louthean commence \u00e0 travailler avec Niels J\u00f8rgen Tobiasen et ses deux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s : The CBRN Team Ltd. Londres[88]<\/sup><\/a> et The Phoenix Hazard Training Ltd. Darlington[89]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est une op\u00e9ration industrielle qui est n\u00e9e d'un contrat de fourniture d'armes chimiques, biologiques, radiologiques et nucl\u00e9aires \u00e0 l'Ouganda[90]<\/sup><\/a> qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9goci\u00e9 avec un membre du gouvernement, Ananias Tumukunde, qui avait accept\u00e9 un pot-de-vin de 40000 \u00a3[91]<\/sup><\/a>. Une op\u00e9ration qui s'est termin\u00e9e par l'arrestation de Tumukunde \u00e0 Kampala et de Tobiasen \u00e0 Londres en juillet 2007[92]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au cours de ces ann\u00e9es, Louthean Nelson a \u00e9galement tent\u00e9 de faciliter une collaboration avec l'\u00e9quipe de piratage de David Vincenzetti : avec l'un des meilleurs hackers du groupe milanais, Alberto Pelliccione, Nelson a essay\u00e9 apr\u00e8s un certain temps de trouver un syst\u00e8me pour pirater les appareils Nokia \u2013 mais Pelliccione change d\u2019avis quand il d\u00e9couvre que Nelson a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 livrer des armes aux pays touch\u00e9s par les sanctions internationales par l'interm\u00e9diaire d'une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qui a maintenant \u00e9t\u00e9 liquid\u00e9e, Cyan Engineering Services SAL Beirut[93]<\/sup><\/a>. Quelque chose avec lequel Pelliccione ne veut rien avoir \u00e0 voir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'entreprise suivante est peut-\u00eatre encore plus \u00e9tonnante : Nelson fonde Elaman et d\u00e9localise certaines activit\u00e9s en Suisse[94]<\/sup><\/a> parce qu'il fait de nouveau affaire avec l'ancien partenaire de son p\u00e8re, Stephan Oelkers. Oelkers a convaincu Nelson de d\u00e9placer son centre d'op\u00e9rations de Hambourg \u00e0 Munich et d'accepter un nouveau partenaire, Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt. Cela devrait travailler avec les services secrets autrichiens[95]<\/sup><\/a> et tenter de reprendre la station de Bad Aibling \u00e0 la NSA (American Military Intelligence)[96]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est une tentation imposante et extr\u00eamement symbolique : la station d'interception de Bad Aibling est n\u00e9e en 1936 comme a\u00e9roport militaire et centre radar de la Luftwaffe, et \u00e0 la fin de la guerre, l'arm\u00e9e am\u00e9ricaine l'a convertie en camp de transit pour les prisonniers de guerre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s et victimes des camps de concentration nationaux-socialistes. Un camp de concentration tr\u00e8s c\u00e9l\u00e8bre que les \u00e9crivains G\u00fcnther Grass et Joseph Ratzinger (le futur pape Beno\u00eet XVI)[97]<\/sup><\/a> ont travers\u00e9. De 1952 jusqu'\u00e0 la fermeture, demand\u00e9e par l'Union europ\u00e9enne en 2001 et r\u00e9alis\u00e9e en 2004 (officiellement, puisque l'installation \u00e9tait toujours en activit\u00e9 en 2013[98]<\/sup><\/a>), la NSA de Bad Aibling a assembl\u00e9 ses syst\u00e8mes Echelon[99]<\/sup><\/a> pour intercepter les communications t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques du plan\u00e8te enti\u00e8re[100]<\/sup><\/a>. La prise de contr\u00f4le de la station NSA aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 la cons\u00e9cration de Nelson et de ses employ\u00e9s \u00e0 une entreprise d'importance mondiale et au pouvoir presque illimit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les n\u00e9gociations n'\u00e9taient pas termin\u00e9es lorsque FinFisher a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 vendre son FinSpy \u00e0 la Turquie et le monde entier a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 voir le danger. Apr\u00e8s les recherches \u00e0 Munich, en Suisse et en Roumanie, Nelson a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 liquider toutes les entreprises le plus rapidement possible: certaines d'entre elles (Computplus Ltd., G2 Systems Ltd., Gamma 2000 Ltd., Gamma 2000 Waste Management Ltd., Gamma International (UK) Ltd.) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 liquid\u00e9s d\u00e9but f\u00e9vrier 2021 au moment de la r\u00e9daction de cet article[101]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'y a pas de retour en arri\u00e8re<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

14 avril 2007 : Plus d'un million de citoyens pacifiques protestent contre l'abolition de la libert\u00e9 et contre un r\u00e9gime qui a transform\u00e9 leur patrie en un enfer d'oppression, de violence et de mis\u00e8re. Une sc\u00e8ne d'humanit\u00e9 passionnante qui pourrait difficilement \u00eatre r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9e<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, cela ne change pas la substance des choses. Aujourd'hui, f\u00e9vrier 2021, le gouvernement et ses agences de renseignement dans au moins 40 pays \u00e0 travers le monde, dont la grande majorit\u00e9 est dirig\u00e9e par une dictature, ont entre les mains des logiciels qui vont non seulement au-del\u00e0 des sc\u00e9narios apocalyptiques d\u00e9crits par George Orwell, mais aussi du \"Br\u00e9sil<\/em>\" de Terry Gilliam : D\u00e9sormais, un r\u00e9gime n'a plus besoin de d\u00e9couvrir que quelqu'un pr\u00e9pare un complot pour les isoler, les torturer, les condamner et les exterminer. L'\u00c9tat peut cr\u00e9er des preuves d'un simple clic d'ordinateur, en utilisant un logiciel qui en un milli\u00e8me de seconde condamnera chacun de nous et impliquera chacun de nos proches dans notre destruction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 o\u00f9 l'ali\u00e9nation de l'individu du contexte commun a d\u00e9j\u00e0 atteint des proportions inqui\u00e9tantes, les logiciels d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s et vendus par une petite poign\u00e9e de criminels totalement inconnus du public ont permis \u00e0 l'humanit\u00e9 de s'engager sur un chemin de non-retour : celui o\u00f9 il n'y a plus rien de vrai et de v\u00e9rifiable dans lequel chacun de nous doit douter de qui est autour de nous, et m\u00eame (et plus encore) nous-m\u00eames.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La faiblesse et la superficialit\u00e9 avec lesquelles les gouvernements occidentaux (en particulier les \u00c9tats-Unis, l'Allemagne et le Royaume-Uni) ont permis \u00e0 ce logiciel d'\u00eatre distribu\u00e9 \u00e0 travers la plan\u00e8te pour des calculs purement \u00e9go\u00efstes sont impardonnables et le signe que 75 ans apr\u00e8s la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale , 30 ans apr\u00e8s la fin de la guerre froide, et la peur d'un conflit nucl\u00e9aire lorsque la nature se rebelle contre la mani\u00e8re insens\u00e9e dont nous la d\u00e9truisons, les gens ont franchi la limite ultime \u2013 ceux dans lesquels l'ennemi qui tue ne vient pas de l'ext\u00e9rieur, mais de l'int\u00e9rieur \u2013 et est inexorable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/65-in-yuzbinleri-6335051<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/6554851.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/laik-turkiye-icin-caglayan-a-6426626<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/3-miting-3-mesaj-6462629<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/izmir-rekor-bekliyor-6495436<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/turkey-used-german-spy-software-on-opposition-politicians-and-activists\/a-43787769<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/en\/content\/turkish-spy-networks-control-opponents<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-39416954<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.birgun.net\/haber\/iddia-pelikancilar-hakan-fidan-gitsin-diyor-283382<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trthaber.com\/haber\/gundem\/iletisim-baskanligi-berat-albayrakin-gorevden-af-talebi-kabul-edilmistir-529559.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/europe\/russia-accuses-president-erdogan-s-son-law-being-linked-isis-oil-trade-a6761436.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2016\/09\/turkey-redhackers-daunt-the-erdogan-family.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepressproject.gr\/exclusive-wikileaks-documents-relations-erdogan-isis-oil-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.duvarenglish.com\/sport\/2020\/02\/10\/politics-in-stadiums-fenerbahce-fans-urge-minister-albayrak-to-keep-hands-off-football<\/a> ; https:\/\/odatv4.com\/fenerbahceliler-damata-karsi-ayaga-kalkti-02022031.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Intelligence Online, \u201cHakan Fidan close to ministerial promotion<\/em>\u201d, see in 2020.11.18 Hakan Fidan Minister<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-launches-project-to-train-1-million-software-developers-154081<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> 2017.04.13 T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mill%C3%AE_%C4%B0stihbarat_Te%C5%9Fkil%C3%A2t%C4%B1#Leitung<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> Hakan Fidan on Nexis, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/t24.com.tr\/haber\/adanada-3-tir-durduruldu-arama-yapiliyor,248707<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> 1000 colpi di mortaio, 1000 colpi di artiglieria, 50\u2019000 fucili d'assalto e 30\u2019000 munizioni per mitragliatrice \u2013 see in https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529223636\/http:\/\/www.aktifhaber.com\/devlet-sirri-denilen-mit-tirlari-ile-ilgili-tapeler-1053377h.htm#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.haber7.com\/guncel\/haber\/1121773-mit-tirlari-neden-durduruldu ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aljazeera.com.tr\/haber\/mit-tirlari-boyle-durduruldu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/bianet.org\/bianet\/insan-haklari\/155519-tir-lari-durdurmakla-suclanan-13-askere-muebbet-istendi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milliyet.com.tr\/gundem\/mit-tirlari-olayinda-yeni-gelisme-5-savci-gorevden-uzaklastirildi-1999064<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/erdogandan-canli-yayinda-can-dundara-tehdit-288885<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.faz.net\/aktuell\/politik\/ausland\/europa\/tuerkei\/tuerkei-kampf-gegen-die-soldaten-des-lichts-12715816.html?printPagedArticle=true#pageIndex_3<\/a> ; https:\/\/taz.de\/Wie-Guelen-zum-Staatsfeind-Nr-1-wurde\/!5323191\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2021\/02\/03\/son-dakika-istihbarattaki-fetocu-generalden-bomba-itiraflar-tegmen-rutbemi-fetullah-gulen-takti<\/a> ; https:\/\/tr.sputniknews.com\/turkiye\/202001211041211454-sozcu-ilker-basbugu-cezaevine-attiran-feto-mektubunu-acikliyoruz\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.genios.de\/presse-archiv\/artikel\/FAZ\/20171111\/jagd-auf-die-guelenisten\/FR1201711115279571.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nadir.org\/nadir\/initiativ\/isku\/hintergrund\/geheimdienste\/geheim994.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/tuerkischer-geheimdienst-liess-erdogan-gegner-in-deutschland-ausspionieren\/12027820.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article157778863\/Erdogans-Agenten-bedrohen-Tuerken-in-Deutschland.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html ;  https:\/\/www.derstandard.at\/story\/1397522175727\/geheimdienst-staat-tuerkei<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2020\/09\/turkey-austria-spy-nehammer-kurdish-clashes-protests-vienna.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/austria-turkey-espionage-int-idUSKBN25S4R5<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/10\/13\/world\/europe\/turkey-austria-erdogan-assassin.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/global-europe\/news\/flemish-minister-turkish-sponosred-mosque-is-nest-of-spies\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/07\/06\/influenced-by-gulenists-belgium-targets-turkish-mosques-fighting-extremism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/erdogan-critics-listed-by-turkish-embassy-in-prague-were-included-in-bogus-terrorism-probe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turk-greek-ties-strained-by-arson-row-10324<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-greece-germany-spying\/greek-police-arrest-german-on-suspicion-of-spying-idUSBRE97208820130803<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kathimerini.gr\/society\/896001\/istories-me-kataskopoys-sto-aigaio\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.larissanet.gr\/2019\/06\/21\/dikazetai-sti-rodo-kataskopos-tis-tourkias\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/ahvalnews.com\/mit\/turkish-intelligence-recruits-eu-retirees-spy-greece<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/04\/turkish-intelligence-operations-targeting-critics-in-greece-exposed-in-secret-documents\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/intelnews.org\/2016\/12\/09\/01-2023\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/more-secret-documents-confirming-vast-turkish-espionage-activities-in-greece-uncovered\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.skai.gr\/news\/greece\/dyo-syllipseis-ellinon-gia-kataskopeia-sti-rodo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-kosovo-security-turkey-idUSKBN1H70CC<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/opinion\/murat-yetkin\/turkish-intelligence-unveils-secret-codes-used-before-coup-attempt-103843<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2018\/09\/turkish-teachers-detained-moldova-gulen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/balkaninsight.com\/2018\/09\/06\/six-turkish-professors-detained-by-moldovan-secret-services-09-06-2018\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/turkeypurge.com\/turkey-spying-imams-active-also-in-norway<\/a> ; https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/turkeys-autocratic-president-erdogans-spying-profiling-expands-in-norway\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/kafila.org\/www-matthewaid-com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/report-sweden-launches-espionage-probe-into-turkish-govt-representatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/politics\/undiplomatic_swiss-eye-alleged-turkish-kidnapping-attempt\/43973170 ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/swiss-foreign-minister-warns-turkey-against-illegal-spying-111199 ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/eu-affairs\/2017\/05\/01\/as-anti-turkish-politics-grip-europe-turkish-swiss-policeman-arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-brings-key-feto-suspect-from-ukraine-to-turkey-134608<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.meforum.org\/60976\/turkish-spy-agency-mit-intelligence-gathering-australia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-court\/egypt-detains-29-people-on-suspicion-of-espionage-for-turkey-idUSKBN1DM1AN<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/33764\/In-Pictures-Egypt-foils-Turkish-espionage-attempt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-agency-brings-three-feto-members-from-gabon-to-turkey-130050<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/turkey\/turkish-intelligence-agency-rescues-a-kidnapped-italian-citizen-in-kenya-36192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20190807-libyan-national-army-turkish-intelligence-is-operating-in-tripoli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/11\/27\/senior-feto-figure-captured-by-turkish-intelligence-in-sudan\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


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[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Atelier avec des d\u00e9put\u00e9s sur la guerre au Y\u00e9men","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"workshop-with-meps-on-yemen-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4296","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3982,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-08 21:53:36","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-08 21:53:36","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

14 avril 2007 : Devant le mausol\u00e9e \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire du p\u00e8re de la patrie, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, le peuple turc descend dans la rue pour r\u00e9clamer la la\u00efcit\u00e9, la libert\u00e9, la d\u00e9mocratie, la paix, le progr\u00e8s et la prosp\u00e9rit\u00e9. Ensuite, il manifeste contre le r\u00e9gime corrompu et incomp\u00e9tent de Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan qui offre mis\u00e8re, corruption, fondamentalisme religieux, suppression violente de toutes les libert\u00e9s et g\u00e9nocide contre les minorit\u00e9s ethniques. Il y a des centaines de milliers de personnes qui demandent pacifiquement une nouvelle Turquie et n'obtiennent que violence et pers\u00e9cution. Selon la presse nationale, les manifestants \u00e9taient plus d'un million et demi de personnes[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis, la strat\u00e9gie du r\u00e9gime est claire : supprimer toute protestation, critique, mauvaise humeur, journal ou blog, quiconque est capable d'organiser une nouvelle foule pour montrer au monde ce qu'est la Turquie aujourd'hui. Et quand Erdo\u011fan s'est rendu compte qu'il n'y avait pas de leaders de la contestation, mais plut\u00f4t un d\u00e9sespoir g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9, exhortant les individus \u00e0 appeler d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9ment \u00e0 l'aide[2]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 probablement \u00e0 un monde occidental aveugle et opportuniste \u2013 la strat\u00e9gie a \u00e9t\u00e9 affin\u00e9e et une nouvelle op\u00e9ration de pers\u00e9cution individuelle mise en place. Quelque chose de jamais vu auparavant qui surmonte la r\u00e9pression bureaucratique des nazis parce qu'il utilise une technologie que (heureusement) Adolf Hitler et ses hi\u00e9rarchies n'ont jamais eu \u00e0 leur disposition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'op\u00e9ration consiste \u00e0 \u00e9couter tous les t\u00e9l\u00e9phones portables en Turquie, \u00e0 espionner leurs contacts, \u00e0 lire les \u00e9changes de messages, \u00e0 ins\u00e9rer de fausses donn\u00e9es et conversations pour identifier les m\u00e9contents et \u00e0 cr\u00e9er sur leurs appareils de fausses preuves de leur participation \u00e0 un complot terroriste[3]<\/sup><\/a>. Une op\u00e9ration de cynisme et de brutalit\u00e9, \u00e0 la fois physique et psychologique, qui va bien au-del\u00e0 des cauchemars que George Orwell a racont\u00e9s dans ses romans sur l'apocalypse sociale. Quand Erdo\u011fan s'est rendu compte que cela ne suffirait pas, le dictateur a \u00e9largi l'audition et la falsification des communications \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, dans des pays comme la Gr\u00e8ce, l'Australie ou l'Allemagne, o\u00f9 vivent des milliers de Turcs qui ont fui leur patrie[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cauchemar du contr\u00f4le \u00e9lectronique total<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hakan Fidan (\u00e0 gauche), Bayrat Albarak (au centre) et Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan (\u00e0 droite), les directeurs de la terreur t\u00e9l\u00e9matique d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par le gouvernement d'Ankara<\/sub><\/strong>[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'op\u00e9ration est dirig\u00e9e par Hakan Fidan, un ami proche d'Erdo\u011fan et chef du service de renseignement turc (MIT \u2013 Mill\u00ee \u0130stihbarat Te\u015fkil\u00e2t\u0131) : c'est un sergent qui, apr\u00e8s avoir rencontr\u00e9 le futur dictateur, a suivi sa carri\u00e8re de chef de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 personnelle puis progressivement atteint un cadre d'espionnage militaire, au point qu'en novembre 2020, suite \u00e0 la d\u00e9mission du gendre d'Erdo\u011fan, Berat Albayrak[6]<\/sup><\/a> (qui a financ\u00e9 l'EI dans le cadre de sa coop\u00e9ration avec l'Irak[7]<\/sup><\/a>, ainsi que sa participation au scandale de la manipulation des r\u00e9sultats de la Ligue turque de football a eu des ennuis)[8]<\/sup><\/a>, il est devenu le principal candidat \u00e0 la fonction du nouveau ministre des Finances[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Albayrak n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi pour ses comp\u00e9tences en \u00e9conomie, mais parce qu'il est le coordinateur de tout un projet de contr\u00f4le t\u00e9l\u00e9matique, pour lequel le r\u00e9gime, apr\u00e8s avoir form\u00e9 un million de hackers d'\u00c9tat, contr\u00f4lera toutes les transactions \u00e9conomiques de chaque entreprise et de chaque citoyen[10]<\/sup><\/a> : officiellement pour emp\u00eacher l\u2019\u00e9vasion fiscale. Le fait que Hakan Fidan soit \u00e0 la t\u00eate de ce nouveau minist\u00e8re depuis janvier 2021 rend tout clair et simple.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdo\u011fan a depuis transform\u00e9 le bureau du Premier ministre en une agence gouvernementale enregistr\u00e9e[11]<\/sup><\/a> qui contr\u00f4le certains consulats turcs \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger \u2013 comme Atlanta, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, Washington DC (USA), Burnaby (Canada) et Rabat (Maroc)[12]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 et de bien s\u00fbr le MIT[13]<\/sup><\/a> aussi. Dans chacune de ces agences, Hakan Fidan joue le r\u00f4le de directeur ex\u00e9cutif[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Peut-\u00eatre parce que le MIT n'est pas seulement actif en Turquie, mais partout dans le monde ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 19 janvier 2014, la gendarmerie turque a bloqu\u00e9 deux camions \u00e0 destination de la Syrie qui \u00e9taient pleins d'armes[15]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 des armes destin\u00e9es \u00e0 aider l'arm\u00e9e du califat (EI)[16]<\/sup><\/a> transport\u00e9es par des agents du MIT[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Erdo\u011fan a d'abord affirm\u00e9 qu'il s'agissait d'une aide humanitaire[18]<\/sup><\/a>, mais certains journalistes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 filmer le camion et le mensonge a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9couvert. R\u00e9sultat : les 13 gendarmes qui ont arr\u00eat\u00e9 les camions ont \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 de longues peines de prison[19]<\/sup><\/a> ; Les juges d'instruction ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9mis de leurs fonctions et inculp\u00e9s[20]<\/sup><\/a> ; les journalistes impliqu\u00e9s dans l'enregistrement ou la publication des informations ont \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq ans de prison[21]<\/sup><\/a>. La police a re\u00e7u de nouveaux ordres : n'emp\u00eachez jamais les v\u00e9hicules du MIT d'aller \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'une des t\u00e2ches du MIT est de combattre la secte Hizmet et son pr\u00e9dicateur Fethullah G\u00fclen (en tapant sur les t\u00e9l\u00e9phones et Internet, en traquant, en enlevant, en torturant, en assassinant[22]<\/sup><\/a>) en Turquie et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Cependant, la t\u00e2che principale du MIT est de combattre les opposants \u00e0 l'ext\u00e9rieur du pays. Environ 500 responsables du MIT et plus de 6000 informateurs sont actifs en Allemagne \u2013 une structure encore plus grande et plus puissante que STASI \u00e0 l'\u00e9poque de la RDA[24]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 dont le but n'est pas seulement d'observer et de signaler les citoyens turcs qui ont \u00e9migr\u00e9 en Europe, mais aussi d'intervenir physiquement[25]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'un des objectifs du MIT est d'intercepter les communications pour cr\u00e9er des preuves fictives contre les critiques du r\u00e9gime d'Ankara et pour justifier leur enl\u00e8vement et leur torture[26]<\/sup><\/a>. Une strat\u00e9gie que le MIT poursuit \u00e9galement dans plusieurs autres pays du monde \u2013 par exemple en Autriche[27]<\/sup><\/a>, Belgique[28]<\/sup><\/a>, R\u00e9publique tch\u00e8que[29]<\/sup><\/a>, France[30]<\/sup><\/a>, Gr\u00e8ce[31]<\/sup><\/a>, Kosovo[32]<\/sup><\/a>, Lituanie[33]<\/sup><\/a>, Moldavie[34]<\/sup><\/a>, Norv\u00e8ge[35]<\/sup><\/a>, Serbie[36]<\/sup><\/a>, Su\u00e8de[37]<\/sup><\/a>, Suisse[38]<\/sup><\/a>, Ukraine[39]<\/sup><\/a>, Royaume-Uni[40]<\/sup><\/a> , Australie[41]<\/sup><\/a>, \u00c9gypte[42]<\/sup><\/a>, Gabon[43]<\/sup><\/a>, Kenya[44]<\/sup><\/a>, Libye[45]<\/sup><\/a>, Soudan[46]<\/sup><\/a>, \u00c9tats-Unis[47]<\/sup><\/a>, Arm\u00e9nie[48]<\/sup><\/a>, Azerba\u00efdjan[49]<\/sup><\/a>, G\u00e9orgie[50]<\/sup><\/a>, Irak[51]<\/sup><\/a>, Malaisie[52]<\/sup><\/a>, Mongolie[53]<\/sup><\/a>, Pakistan[54]<\/sup><\/a> et Syrie, o\u00f9 le gouvernement turc se bat avec sa propre arm\u00e9e et soutient l'EI[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Technologie allemande pour le tortionnaire d'Erdo\u011fan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Comment fonctionne l'application FishSpy de FinFisher GmbH \u00e0 Munich \u2013 le c\u0153ur battant du syst\u00e8me d'espionnage turc du MIT<\/sub><\/strong>[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le syst\u00e8me complexe de contr\u00f4le, de piratage, d'interception et de falsification n\u00e9cessaire pour surveiller des millions de personnes n'est pas un jouet. Des ONG de toute l'Europe recherchent qui a d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 une telle technologie et l'a trouv\u00e9e en Allemagne \u2013 elle s'appelle FinSpy et est produite par trois soci\u00e9t\u00e9s du groupe Gamma International : FinFisher GmbH Munich, FinFisher Labs GmbH Munich et Elaman GmbH Munich. Quatre organisations ont pu le prouver \u00e0 la justice allemande[57]<\/sup><\/a> : Reporters sans fronti\u00e8res de Berlin (actif dans toute l'Europe, principalement pr\u00e9occup\u00e9 par la libert\u00e9 de la presse[58]<\/sup><\/a>), GFF Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Freiheitsrechte de Berlin (tr\u00e8s active dans la surveillance des activit\u00e9s ill\u00e9gales du BND et d'autres services secrets allemands[59]<\/sup><\/a>), Netzpolitik.org \u00e0 Berlin (un journal en ligne[60]<\/sup><\/a>) et le Centre europ\u00e9en pour la Constitution et les droits de l'homme \u00e0 Berlin[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le parquet de Munich lance une enqu\u00eate p\u00e9nale sur la base des preuves pr\u00e9sent\u00e9es par ces ONG : les entreprises bavaroises susmentionn\u00e9es ont viol\u00e9 la loi sur le commerce ext\u00e9rieur[62]<\/sup><\/a> sur au moins six points et ont non seulement vendu FinSpy \u00e0 la Turquie, mais aussi aux gouvernements de nombreux autres pays, y compris Bahre\u00efn, l'\u00c9gypte, l'\u00c9thiopie, la Libye, le Kazakhstan, l'Arabie saoudite et le Venezuela[63]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 tous des pays qui soul\u00e8vent de graves pr\u00e9occupations quant \u00e0 la nature d\u00e9mocratique du syst\u00e8me politique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enqu\u00eate a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que ces trois soci\u00e9t\u00e9s n'en \u00e9taient qu'\u00e0 l'origine une, Gamma International UK Ltd. Winchester, contre qui une enqu\u00eate ouverte en 2013 par les autorit\u00e9s judiciaires britanniques[64]<\/sup><\/a> a \u00e9t\u00e9 bloqu\u00e9e, qui aurait mis l'entreprise sur la liste noire de l'OCDE[65]<\/sup><\/a> fin 2016 \u2013 une mesure qui interdit \u00e0 quiconque dans le monde de faire affaire avec ce groupe industriel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enqu\u00eate britannique s'est limit\u00e9e \u00e0 l'analyse de la vente de FinSpy \u00e0 Bahre\u00efn, tandis que l'enqu\u00eate allemande, accompagn\u00e9e d'un grand nombre de t\u00e9moignages de victimes de la terreur du r\u00e9gime d'Erdo\u011fan en Turquie et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, va beaucoup plus loin et constate que FinSpy a \u00e9t\u00e9 vendu ill\u00e9galement dans 36 pays[66]<\/sup><\/a>, il y a d'\u00e9normes centres de stockage de donn\u00e9es dans 11 pays[67]<\/sup><\/a>, de sorte qu'on soup\u00e7onne maintenant qu'il y a beaucoup d'autres crimes cach\u00e9s derri\u00e8re les faits connus[68]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est pourquoi le parquet de Munich a ordonn\u00e9 une perquisition des locaux de la capitale bavaroise, mais aussi de la branche roumaine du groupe Gamma International[69]<\/sup><\/a>, en octobre 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il est presque impossible de se d\u00e9fendre contre FinSpy : le malware s'installe avec de fausses mises \u00e0 jour d\u00e9guis\u00e9es en officielles, via des e-mails avec de fausses pi\u00e8ces jointes ou \u00e0 travers des failles de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans le logiciel \u2013 comme Avira[70]<\/sup><\/a> ou iTunes d'Apple \u2013 et ensuite via les fausses plates-formes du principaux moteurs de recherche, installations Mac et Linux[71]<\/sup><\/a>, programmes de messagerie \u00e9lectronique, r\u00e9seaux sociaux, sites Web pour les achats en ligne[72]<\/sup><\/a>. L\u00e0 o\u00f9 le malware de Gamma International ne parvient pas, celui de l'\u00e9quipe de piratage de David Vincenzetti[73]<\/sup><\/a> est l\u00e0[74]<\/sup><\/a>. Mais cette soci\u00e9t\u00e9 n'est plus l\u00e0, Gamma l'a surpass\u00e9e, ses fondateurs sont r\u00e9partis dans de nombreuses petites entreprises[75]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re les poup\u00e9es Matriochka?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

En 2015, le Citizen Lab Institute de Toronto avait identifi\u00e9 35 pays qui utilisaient ill\u00e9galement les applications du groupe Gamma \/ FinFisher<\/sub><\/strong>[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enqu\u00eate du parquet de Munich laisse un go\u00fbt un peu amer dans la bouche: comment est-il possible qu'une plainte de quatre ONG ait \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9cessaire pour enqu\u00eate ? Il est logique que le soup\u00e7on d'hypocrisie surgisse, surtout en sachant que les services secrets allemands (BND) avaient d\u00e9cern\u00e9 \u00e0 Stephan Oelkers de Gamma International les Big Brother Awards en 2012, car Gamma \u00e9tait \u00ab la meilleure entreprise au monde intrusion de syst\u00e8mes informatiques et installation de logiciels de surveillance<\/em> (...) Gamma propose ses services sur son site Internet \u2013 bien que le d\u00e9veloppement et la distribution de ce type de logiciel espion soient interdits par le droit p\u00e9nal allemand (Par. 282c StGB). Cependant, cela ne s'applique qu'aux clients priv\u00e9s, pas aux ventes aux autorit\u00e9s nationales ou \u00e0 la police secr\u00e8te d'une dictature \u00e9trang\u00e8re. C'est la raison pour laquelle le parquet de Munich a refus\u00e9 d'engager une proc\u00e9dure p\u00e9nale contre Gamma<\/em> \u00bb[77]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref : tout le monde savait tout, mais il y a huit ans, le procureur de Munich pensait que c'\u00e9tait une bagatelle tant que cette technologie monstrueuse \u00e9tait utilis\u00e9e par les dictatures pour opprimer leur propre peuple.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour \u00eatre pr\u00e9cis, nous en savons beaucoup sur les activit\u00e9s ill\u00e9gales de ce groupe depuis 1973 (lorsque les ordinateurs \u00e9taient des jouets et que l'espionnage consistait \u00e0 infiltrer des hommes louches dans des salles secr\u00e8tes \u00e0 l'aide d'un appareil microfilmant des documents interdits) de personnes dispers\u00e9es dans la campagne anglaise, dans le port de Hambourg, dans la capitale bavaroise ou dans les bidonvilles du Cap Town. L'histoire commence par un c\u00e2ble que l'ambassade am\u00e9ricaine \u00e0 Bonn a envoy\u00e9 aux autorit\u00e9s f\u00e9d\u00e9rales \u2013 un message signalant les activit\u00e9s suspectes d'un d\u00e9taillant d'\u00e9lectronique n\u00e9erlandais bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Hambourg, Peter Kluever[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La CIA d\u00e9cide d'investir dans cet homme, tout comme l'arm\u00e9e allemande. En 1981, ses deux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s PK Electronics et PKI Electronic Intelligence GmbH avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 des contrats avec le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. En 1983, le prince h\u00e9ritier d'Arabie saoudite, Abdullah Ibn Nasir IBn Abd al-Asis Al Sa'ud, visite Hambourg et les g\u00e9n\u00e9raux allemands lui montrent les effets de l'utilisation de la technologie Kluever sur l'efficacit\u00e9 et la cadence de tir des chars L\u00e9opard \u2013 qui le gouvernement de Moved Riyadh pour acqu\u00e9rir cette technologie[79]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 1987, Oelkers s'est envol\u00e9 pour P\u00e9kin pour une d\u00e9monstration de ses nouvelles puces et a ravi les g\u00e9n\u00e9raux chinois qui sont devenus une partie de sa client\u00e8le[80]<\/sup><\/a>. Dans le cadre des accords sign\u00e9s avec les \u00c9tats-Unis, \u00e0 partir de 1985, Kluever a vendu une technologie d'espionnage am\u00e9ricaine tr\u00e8s moderne (d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e par l'Ocean Applied Research Corporation \u00e0 San Diego[81]<\/sup><\/a> et distribu\u00e9e par le groupe CompuDyne Corporation en Pennsylvanie[82]<\/sup><\/a>) \u00e0 Muhammar Ghaddafi en Libye, \u00e0 Hafiz Al -Assad en Syrie, \u00e0 Haji Mohammad Suharto en Indon\u00e9sie \u2013 les trois pr\u00e9sidents l'utilisent pour intercepter les appels t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques et les \u00e9missions radio des opposants, des arm\u00e9es \u00e9trang\u00e8res et des groupes rebelles[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En vieillissant, Kluever vendra son entreprise (le PK Electronics Group \u00e0 Hambourg) \u00e0 deux ing\u00e9nieurs, l'Allemand Stephan Oelkers et l'Anglais William Louthean Nelson. Ce dernier avait commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 diriger le bureau de P\u00e9kin en 1985 et avait cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre soci\u00e9t\u00e9, Personal Protection Products Ltd. Hong Kong[84]<\/sup><\/a>, en 1992, qui jusqu'en 1994, via sa filiale de Hull[85]<\/sup><\/a>, vendait des dispositifs d'\u00e9coute utilis\u00e9s par les services secrets britanniques pour combattre l'IRA en Ulster[86]<\/sup><\/a>. Lorsque Kluever prendra sa retraite, PK Electronics sera transmis \u00e0 William Nelson et \u00e0 son fils Louthean John Alexander Nelson, les fondateurs du groupe Gamma International[87]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le sch\u00e9ma des participations du Groupe Gamma International ainsi que des personnes et soci\u00e9t\u00e9s associ\u00e9es \u2013 \u00a9 IBI World Ltd. London<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une nouvelle \u00e8re commence dans laquelle les anciennes \u00e9coutes t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques seront bient\u00f4t surmont\u00e9es et oubli\u00e9es. Le jeune Louthean commence \u00e0 travailler avec Niels J\u00f8rgen Tobiasen et ses deux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s : The CBRN Team Ltd. Londres[88]<\/sup><\/a> et The Phoenix Hazard Training Ltd. Darlington[89]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est une op\u00e9ration industrielle qui est n\u00e9e d'un contrat de fourniture d'armes chimiques, biologiques, radiologiques et nucl\u00e9aires \u00e0 l'Ouganda[90]<\/sup><\/a> qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9goci\u00e9 avec un membre du gouvernement, Ananias Tumukunde, qui avait accept\u00e9 un pot-de-vin de 40000 \u00a3[91]<\/sup><\/a>. Une op\u00e9ration qui s'est termin\u00e9e par l'arrestation de Tumukunde \u00e0 Kampala et de Tobiasen \u00e0 Londres en juillet 2007[92]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au cours de ces ann\u00e9es, Louthean Nelson a \u00e9galement tent\u00e9 de faciliter une collaboration avec l'\u00e9quipe de piratage de David Vincenzetti : avec l'un des meilleurs hackers du groupe milanais, Alberto Pelliccione, Nelson a essay\u00e9 apr\u00e8s un certain temps de trouver un syst\u00e8me pour pirater les appareils Nokia \u2013 mais Pelliccione change d\u2019avis quand il d\u00e9couvre que Nelson a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 livrer des armes aux pays touch\u00e9s par les sanctions internationales par l'interm\u00e9diaire d'une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qui a maintenant \u00e9t\u00e9 liquid\u00e9e, Cyan Engineering Services SAL Beirut[93]<\/sup><\/a>. Quelque chose avec lequel Pelliccione ne veut rien avoir \u00e0 voir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'entreprise suivante est peut-\u00eatre encore plus \u00e9tonnante : Nelson fonde Elaman et d\u00e9localise certaines activit\u00e9s en Suisse[94]<\/sup><\/a> parce qu'il fait de nouveau affaire avec l'ancien partenaire de son p\u00e8re, Stephan Oelkers. Oelkers a convaincu Nelson de d\u00e9placer son centre d'op\u00e9rations de Hambourg \u00e0 Munich et d'accepter un nouveau partenaire, Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt. Cela devrait travailler avec les services secrets autrichiens[95]<\/sup><\/a> et tenter de reprendre la station de Bad Aibling \u00e0 la NSA (American Military Intelligence)[96]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est une tentation imposante et extr\u00eamement symbolique : la station d'interception de Bad Aibling est n\u00e9e en 1936 comme a\u00e9roport militaire et centre radar de la Luftwaffe, et \u00e0 la fin de la guerre, l'arm\u00e9e am\u00e9ricaine l'a convertie en camp de transit pour les prisonniers de guerre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s et victimes des camps de concentration nationaux-socialistes. Un camp de concentration tr\u00e8s c\u00e9l\u00e8bre que les \u00e9crivains G\u00fcnther Grass et Joseph Ratzinger (le futur pape Beno\u00eet XVI)[97]<\/sup><\/a> ont travers\u00e9. De 1952 jusqu'\u00e0 la fermeture, demand\u00e9e par l'Union europ\u00e9enne en 2001 et r\u00e9alis\u00e9e en 2004 (officiellement, puisque l'installation \u00e9tait toujours en activit\u00e9 en 2013[98]<\/sup><\/a>), la NSA de Bad Aibling a assembl\u00e9 ses syst\u00e8mes Echelon[99]<\/sup><\/a> pour intercepter les communications t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques du plan\u00e8te enti\u00e8re[100]<\/sup><\/a>. La prise de contr\u00f4le de la station NSA aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 la cons\u00e9cration de Nelson et de ses employ\u00e9s \u00e0 une entreprise d'importance mondiale et au pouvoir presque illimit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les n\u00e9gociations n'\u00e9taient pas termin\u00e9es lorsque FinFisher a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 vendre son FinSpy \u00e0 la Turquie et le monde entier a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 voir le danger. Apr\u00e8s les recherches \u00e0 Munich, en Suisse et en Roumanie, Nelson a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 liquider toutes les entreprises le plus rapidement possible: certaines d'entre elles (Computplus Ltd., G2 Systems Ltd., Gamma 2000 Ltd., Gamma 2000 Waste Management Ltd., Gamma International (UK) Ltd.) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 liquid\u00e9s d\u00e9but f\u00e9vrier 2021 au moment de la r\u00e9daction de cet article[101]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'y a pas de retour en arri\u00e8re<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

14 avril 2007 : Plus d'un million de citoyens pacifiques protestent contre l'abolition de la libert\u00e9 et contre un r\u00e9gime qui a transform\u00e9 leur patrie en un enfer d'oppression, de violence et de mis\u00e8re. Une sc\u00e8ne d'humanit\u00e9 passionnante qui pourrait difficilement \u00eatre r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9e<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, cela ne change pas la substance des choses. Aujourd'hui, f\u00e9vrier 2021, le gouvernement et ses agences de renseignement dans au moins 40 pays \u00e0 travers le monde, dont la grande majorit\u00e9 est dirig\u00e9e par une dictature, ont entre les mains des logiciels qui vont non seulement au-del\u00e0 des sc\u00e9narios apocalyptiques d\u00e9crits par George Orwell, mais aussi du \"Br\u00e9sil<\/em>\" de Terry Gilliam : D\u00e9sormais, un r\u00e9gime n'a plus besoin de d\u00e9couvrir que quelqu'un pr\u00e9pare un complot pour les isoler, les torturer, les condamner et les exterminer. L'\u00c9tat peut cr\u00e9er des preuves d'un simple clic d'ordinateur, en utilisant un logiciel qui en un milli\u00e8me de seconde condamnera chacun de nous et impliquera chacun de nos proches dans notre destruction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 o\u00f9 l'ali\u00e9nation de l'individu du contexte commun a d\u00e9j\u00e0 atteint des proportions inqui\u00e9tantes, les logiciels d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s et vendus par une petite poign\u00e9e de criminels totalement inconnus du public ont permis \u00e0 l'humanit\u00e9 de s'engager sur un chemin de non-retour : celui o\u00f9 il n'y a plus rien de vrai et de v\u00e9rifiable dans lequel chacun de nous doit douter de qui est autour de nous, et m\u00eame (et plus encore) nous-m\u00eames.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La faiblesse et la superficialit\u00e9 avec lesquelles les gouvernements occidentaux (en particulier les \u00c9tats-Unis, l'Allemagne et le Royaume-Uni) ont permis \u00e0 ce logiciel d'\u00eatre distribu\u00e9 \u00e0 travers la plan\u00e8te pour des calculs purement \u00e9go\u00efstes sont impardonnables et le signe que 75 ans apr\u00e8s la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale , 30 ans apr\u00e8s la fin de la guerre froide, et la peur d'un conflit nucl\u00e9aire lorsque la nature se rebelle contre la mani\u00e8re insens\u00e9e dont nous la d\u00e9truisons, les gens ont franchi la limite ultime \u2013 ceux dans lesquels l'ennemi qui tue ne vient pas de l'ext\u00e9rieur, mais de l'int\u00e9rieur \u2013 et est inexorable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/65-in-yuzbinleri-6335051<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/6554851.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/laik-turkiye-icin-caglayan-a-6426626<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/3-miting-3-mesaj-6462629<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/izmir-rekor-bekliyor-6495436<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/turkey-used-german-spy-software-on-opposition-politicians-and-activists\/a-43787769<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/en\/content\/turkish-spy-networks-control-opponents<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-39416954<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.birgun.net\/haber\/iddia-pelikancilar-hakan-fidan-gitsin-diyor-283382<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trthaber.com\/haber\/gundem\/iletisim-baskanligi-berat-albayrakin-gorevden-af-talebi-kabul-edilmistir-529559.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/europe\/russia-accuses-president-erdogan-s-son-law-being-linked-isis-oil-trade-a6761436.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2016\/09\/turkey-redhackers-daunt-the-erdogan-family.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepressproject.gr\/exclusive-wikileaks-documents-relations-erdogan-isis-oil-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.duvarenglish.com\/sport\/2020\/02\/10\/politics-in-stadiums-fenerbahce-fans-urge-minister-albayrak-to-keep-hands-off-football<\/a> ; https:\/\/odatv4.com\/fenerbahceliler-damata-karsi-ayaga-kalkti-02022031.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Intelligence Online, \u201cHakan Fidan close to ministerial promotion<\/em>\u201d, see in 2020.11.18 Hakan Fidan Minister<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-launches-project-to-train-1-million-software-developers-154081<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> 2017.04.13 T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mill%C3%AE_%C4%B0stihbarat_Te%C5%9Fkil%C3%A2t%C4%B1#Leitung<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> Hakan Fidan on Nexis, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/t24.com.tr\/haber\/adanada-3-tir-durduruldu-arama-yapiliyor,248707<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> 1000 colpi di mortaio, 1000 colpi di artiglieria, 50\u2019000 fucili d'assalto e 30\u2019000 munizioni per mitragliatrice \u2013 see in https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529223636\/http:\/\/www.aktifhaber.com\/devlet-sirri-denilen-mit-tirlari-ile-ilgili-tapeler-1053377h.htm#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.haber7.com\/guncel\/haber\/1121773-mit-tirlari-neden-durduruldu ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aljazeera.com.tr\/haber\/mit-tirlari-boyle-durduruldu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/bianet.org\/bianet\/insan-haklari\/155519-tir-lari-durdurmakla-suclanan-13-askere-muebbet-istendi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milliyet.com.tr\/gundem\/mit-tirlari-olayinda-yeni-gelisme-5-savci-gorevden-uzaklastirildi-1999064<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/erdogandan-canli-yayinda-can-dundara-tehdit-288885<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.faz.net\/aktuell\/politik\/ausland\/europa\/tuerkei\/tuerkei-kampf-gegen-die-soldaten-des-lichts-12715816.html?printPagedArticle=true#pageIndex_3<\/a> ; https:\/\/taz.de\/Wie-Guelen-zum-Staatsfeind-Nr-1-wurde\/!5323191\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2021\/02\/03\/son-dakika-istihbarattaki-fetocu-generalden-bomba-itiraflar-tegmen-rutbemi-fetullah-gulen-takti<\/a> ; https:\/\/tr.sputniknews.com\/turkiye\/202001211041211454-sozcu-ilker-basbugu-cezaevine-attiran-feto-mektubunu-acikliyoruz\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.genios.de\/presse-archiv\/artikel\/FAZ\/20171111\/jagd-auf-die-guelenisten\/FR1201711115279571.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nadir.org\/nadir\/initiativ\/isku\/hintergrund\/geheimdienste\/geheim994.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/tuerkischer-geheimdienst-liess-erdogan-gegner-in-deutschland-ausspionieren\/12027820.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article157778863\/Erdogans-Agenten-bedrohen-Tuerken-in-Deutschland.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html ;  https:\/\/www.derstandard.at\/story\/1397522175727\/geheimdienst-staat-tuerkei<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2020\/09\/turkey-austria-spy-nehammer-kurdish-clashes-protests-vienna.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/austria-turkey-espionage-int-idUSKBN25S4R5<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/10\/13\/world\/europe\/turkey-austria-erdogan-assassin.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/global-europe\/news\/flemish-minister-turkish-sponosred-mosque-is-nest-of-spies\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/07\/06\/influenced-by-gulenists-belgium-targets-turkish-mosques-fighting-extremism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/erdogan-critics-listed-by-turkish-embassy-in-prague-were-included-in-bogus-terrorism-probe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turk-greek-ties-strained-by-arson-row-10324<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-greece-germany-spying\/greek-police-arrest-german-on-suspicion-of-spying-idUSBRE97208820130803<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kathimerini.gr\/society\/896001\/istories-me-kataskopoys-sto-aigaio\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.larissanet.gr\/2019\/06\/21\/dikazetai-sti-rodo-kataskopos-tis-tourkias\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/ahvalnews.com\/mit\/turkish-intelligence-recruits-eu-retirees-spy-greece<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/04\/turkish-intelligence-operations-targeting-critics-in-greece-exposed-in-secret-documents\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/intelnews.org\/2016\/12\/09\/01-2023\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/more-secret-documents-confirming-vast-turkish-espionage-activities-in-greece-uncovered\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.skai.gr\/news\/greece\/dyo-syllipseis-ellinon-gia-kataskopeia-sti-rodo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-kosovo-security-turkey-idUSKBN1H70CC<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/opinion\/murat-yetkin\/turkish-intelligence-unveils-secret-codes-used-before-coup-attempt-103843<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2018\/09\/turkish-teachers-detained-moldova-gulen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/balkaninsight.com\/2018\/09\/06\/six-turkish-professors-detained-by-moldovan-secret-services-09-06-2018\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/turkeypurge.com\/turkey-spying-imams-active-also-in-norway<\/a> ; https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/turkeys-autocratic-president-erdogans-spying-profiling-expands-in-norway\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/kafila.org\/www-matthewaid-com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/report-sweden-launches-espionage-probe-into-turkish-govt-representatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/politics\/undiplomatic_swiss-eye-alleged-turkish-kidnapping-attempt\/43973170 ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/swiss-foreign-minister-warns-turkey-against-illegal-spying-111199 ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/eu-affairs\/2017\/05\/01\/as-anti-turkish-politics-grip-europe-turkish-swiss-policeman-arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-brings-key-feto-suspect-from-ukraine-to-turkey-134608<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.meforum.org\/60976\/turkish-spy-agency-mit-intelligence-gathering-australia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-court\/egypt-detains-29-people-on-suspicion-of-espionage-for-turkey-idUSKBN1DM1AN<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/33764\/In-Pictures-Egypt-foils-Turkish-espionage-attempt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-agency-brings-three-feto-members-from-gabon-to-turkey-130050<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/turkey\/turkish-intelligence-agency-rescues-a-kidnapped-italian-citizen-in-kenya-36192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20190807-libyan-national-army-turkish-intelligence-is-operating-in-tripoli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/11\/27\/senior-feto-figure-captured-by-turkish-intelligence-in-sudan\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Flyer<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Atelier avec des d\u00e9put\u00e9s sur la guerre au Y\u00e9men","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"workshop-with-meps-on-yemen-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4296","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3982,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-08 21:53:36","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-08 21:53:36","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

14 avril 2007 : Devant le mausol\u00e9e \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire du p\u00e8re de la patrie, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, le peuple turc descend dans la rue pour r\u00e9clamer la la\u00efcit\u00e9, la libert\u00e9, la d\u00e9mocratie, la paix, le progr\u00e8s et la prosp\u00e9rit\u00e9. Ensuite, il manifeste contre le r\u00e9gime corrompu et incomp\u00e9tent de Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan qui offre mis\u00e8re, corruption, fondamentalisme religieux, suppression violente de toutes les libert\u00e9s et g\u00e9nocide contre les minorit\u00e9s ethniques. Il y a des centaines de milliers de personnes qui demandent pacifiquement une nouvelle Turquie et n'obtiennent que violence et pers\u00e9cution. Selon la presse nationale, les manifestants \u00e9taient plus d'un million et demi de personnes[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis, la strat\u00e9gie du r\u00e9gime est claire : supprimer toute protestation, critique, mauvaise humeur, journal ou blog, quiconque est capable d'organiser une nouvelle foule pour montrer au monde ce qu'est la Turquie aujourd'hui. Et quand Erdo\u011fan s'est rendu compte qu'il n'y avait pas de leaders de la contestation, mais plut\u00f4t un d\u00e9sespoir g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9, exhortant les individus \u00e0 appeler d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9ment \u00e0 l'aide[2]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 probablement \u00e0 un monde occidental aveugle et opportuniste \u2013 la strat\u00e9gie a \u00e9t\u00e9 affin\u00e9e et une nouvelle op\u00e9ration de pers\u00e9cution individuelle mise en place. Quelque chose de jamais vu auparavant qui surmonte la r\u00e9pression bureaucratique des nazis parce qu'il utilise une technologie que (heureusement) Adolf Hitler et ses hi\u00e9rarchies n'ont jamais eu \u00e0 leur disposition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'op\u00e9ration consiste \u00e0 \u00e9couter tous les t\u00e9l\u00e9phones portables en Turquie, \u00e0 espionner leurs contacts, \u00e0 lire les \u00e9changes de messages, \u00e0 ins\u00e9rer de fausses donn\u00e9es et conversations pour identifier les m\u00e9contents et \u00e0 cr\u00e9er sur leurs appareils de fausses preuves de leur participation \u00e0 un complot terroriste[3]<\/sup><\/a>. Une op\u00e9ration de cynisme et de brutalit\u00e9, \u00e0 la fois physique et psychologique, qui va bien au-del\u00e0 des cauchemars que George Orwell a racont\u00e9s dans ses romans sur l'apocalypse sociale. Quand Erdo\u011fan s'est rendu compte que cela ne suffirait pas, le dictateur a \u00e9largi l'audition et la falsification des communications \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, dans des pays comme la Gr\u00e8ce, l'Australie ou l'Allemagne, o\u00f9 vivent des milliers de Turcs qui ont fui leur patrie[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cauchemar du contr\u00f4le \u00e9lectronique total<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hakan Fidan (\u00e0 gauche), Bayrat Albarak (au centre) et Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan (\u00e0 droite), les directeurs de la terreur t\u00e9l\u00e9matique d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par le gouvernement d'Ankara<\/sub><\/strong>[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'op\u00e9ration est dirig\u00e9e par Hakan Fidan, un ami proche d'Erdo\u011fan et chef du service de renseignement turc (MIT \u2013 Mill\u00ee \u0130stihbarat Te\u015fkil\u00e2t\u0131) : c'est un sergent qui, apr\u00e8s avoir rencontr\u00e9 le futur dictateur, a suivi sa carri\u00e8re de chef de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 personnelle puis progressivement atteint un cadre d'espionnage militaire, au point qu'en novembre 2020, suite \u00e0 la d\u00e9mission du gendre d'Erdo\u011fan, Berat Albayrak[6]<\/sup><\/a> (qui a financ\u00e9 l'EI dans le cadre de sa coop\u00e9ration avec l'Irak[7]<\/sup><\/a>, ainsi que sa participation au scandale de la manipulation des r\u00e9sultats de la Ligue turque de football a eu des ennuis)[8]<\/sup><\/a>, il est devenu le principal candidat \u00e0 la fonction du nouveau ministre des Finances[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Albayrak n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi pour ses comp\u00e9tences en \u00e9conomie, mais parce qu'il est le coordinateur de tout un projet de contr\u00f4le t\u00e9l\u00e9matique, pour lequel le r\u00e9gime, apr\u00e8s avoir form\u00e9 un million de hackers d'\u00c9tat, contr\u00f4lera toutes les transactions \u00e9conomiques de chaque entreprise et de chaque citoyen[10]<\/sup><\/a> : officiellement pour emp\u00eacher l\u2019\u00e9vasion fiscale. Le fait que Hakan Fidan soit \u00e0 la t\u00eate de ce nouveau minist\u00e8re depuis janvier 2021 rend tout clair et simple.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdo\u011fan a depuis transform\u00e9 le bureau du Premier ministre en une agence gouvernementale enregistr\u00e9e[11]<\/sup><\/a> qui contr\u00f4le certains consulats turcs \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger \u2013 comme Atlanta, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, Washington DC (USA), Burnaby (Canada) et Rabat (Maroc)[12]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 et de bien s\u00fbr le MIT[13]<\/sup><\/a> aussi. Dans chacune de ces agences, Hakan Fidan joue le r\u00f4le de directeur ex\u00e9cutif[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Peut-\u00eatre parce que le MIT n'est pas seulement actif en Turquie, mais partout dans le monde ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 19 janvier 2014, la gendarmerie turque a bloqu\u00e9 deux camions \u00e0 destination de la Syrie qui \u00e9taient pleins d'armes[15]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 des armes destin\u00e9es \u00e0 aider l'arm\u00e9e du califat (EI)[16]<\/sup><\/a> transport\u00e9es par des agents du MIT[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Erdo\u011fan a d'abord affirm\u00e9 qu'il s'agissait d'une aide humanitaire[18]<\/sup><\/a>, mais certains journalistes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 filmer le camion et le mensonge a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9couvert. R\u00e9sultat : les 13 gendarmes qui ont arr\u00eat\u00e9 les camions ont \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 de longues peines de prison[19]<\/sup><\/a> ; Les juges d'instruction ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9mis de leurs fonctions et inculp\u00e9s[20]<\/sup><\/a> ; les journalistes impliqu\u00e9s dans l'enregistrement ou la publication des informations ont \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq ans de prison[21]<\/sup><\/a>. La police a re\u00e7u de nouveaux ordres : n'emp\u00eachez jamais les v\u00e9hicules du MIT d'aller \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'une des t\u00e2ches du MIT est de combattre la secte Hizmet et son pr\u00e9dicateur Fethullah G\u00fclen (en tapant sur les t\u00e9l\u00e9phones et Internet, en traquant, en enlevant, en torturant, en assassinant[22]<\/sup><\/a>) en Turquie et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Cependant, la t\u00e2che principale du MIT est de combattre les opposants \u00e0 l'ext\u00e9rieur du pays. Environ 500 responsables du MIT et plus de 6000 informateurs sont actifs en Allemagne \u2013 une structure encore plus grande et plus puissante que STASI \u00e0 l'\u00e9poque de la RDA[24]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 dont le but n'est pas seulement d'observer et de signaler les citoyens turcs qui ont \u00e9migr\u00e9 en Europe, mais aussi d'intervenir physiquement[25]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'un des objectifs du MIT est d'intercepter les communications pour cr\u00e9er des preuves fictives contre les critiques du r\u00e9gime d'Ankara et pour justifier leur enl\u00e8vement et leur torture[26]<\/sup><\/a>. Une strat\u00e9gie que le MIT poursuit \u00e9galement dans plusieurs autres pays du monde \u2013 par exemple en Autriche[27]<\/sup><\/a>, Belgique[28]<\/sup><\/a>, R\u00e9publique tch\u00e8que[29]<\/sup><\/a>, France[30]<\/sup><\/a>, Gr\u00e8ce[31]<\/sup><\/a>, Kosovo[32]<\/sup><\/a>, Lituanie[33]<\/sup><\/a>, Moldavie[34]<\/sup><\/a>, Norv\u00e8ge[35]<\/sup><\/a>, Serbie[36]<\/sup><\/a>, Su\u00e8de[37]<\/sup><\/a>, Suisse[38]<\/sup><\/a>, Ukraine[39]<\/sup><\/a>, Royaume-Uni[40]<\/sup><\/a> , Australie[41]<\/sup><\/a>, \u00c9gypte[42]<\/sup><\/a>, Gabon[43]<\/sup><\/a>, Kenya[44]<\/sup><\/a>, Libye[45]<\/sup><\/a>, Soudan[46]<\/sup><\/a>, \u00c9tats-Unis[47]<\/sup><\/a>, Arm\u00e9nie[48]<\/sup><\/a>, Azerba\u00efdjan[49]<\/sup><\/a>, G\u00e9orgie[50]<\/sup><\/a>, Irak[51]<\/sup><\/a>, Malaisie[52]<\/sup><\/a>, Mongolie[53]<\/sup><\/a>, Pakistan[54]<\/sup><\/a> et Syrie, o\u00f9 le gouvernement turc se bat avec sa propre arm\u00e9e et soutient l'EI[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Technologie allemande pour le tortionnaire d'Erdo\u011fan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Comment fonctionne l'application FishSpy de FinFisher GmbH \u00e0 Munich \u2013 le c\u0153ur battant du syst\u00e8me d'espionnage turc du MIT<\/sub><\/strong>[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le syst\u00e8me complexe de contr\u00f4le, de piratage, d'interception et de falsification n\u00e9cessaire pour surveiller des millions de personnes n'est pas un jouet. Des ONG de toute l'Europe recherchent qui a d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 une telle technologie et l'a trouv\u00e9e en Allemagne \u2013 elle s'appelle FinSpy et est produite par trois soci\u00e9t\u00e9s du groupe Gamma International : FinFisher GmbH Munich, FinFisher Labs GmbH Munich et Elaman GmbH Munich. Quatre organisations ont pu le prouver \u00e0 la justice allemande[57]<\/sup><\/a> : Reporters sans fronti\u00e8res de Berlin (actif dans toute l'Europe, principalement pr\u00e9occup\u00e9 par la libert\u00e9 de la presse[58]<\/sup><\/a>), GFF Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Freiheitsrechte de Berlin (tr\u00e8s active dans la surveillance des activit\u00e9s ill\u00e9gales du BND et d'autres services secrets allemands[59]<\/sup><\/a>), Netzpolitik.org \u00e0 Berlin (un journal en ligne[60]<\/sup><\/a>) et le Centre europ\u00e9en pour la Constitution et les droits de l'homme \u00e0 Berlin[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le parquet de Munich lance une enqu\u00eate p\u00e9nale sur la base des preuves pr\u00e9sent\u00e9es par ces ONG : les entreprises bavaroises susmentionn\u00e9es ont viol\u00e9 la loi sur le commerce ext\u00e9rieur[62]<\/sup><\/a> sur au moins six points et ont non seulement vendu FinSpy \u00e0 la Turquie, mais aussi aux gouvernements de nombreux autres pays, y compris Bahre\u00efn, l'\u00c9gypte, l'\u00c9thiopie, la Libye, le Kazakhstan, l'Arabie saoudite et le Venezuela[63]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 tous des pays qui soul\u00e8vent de graves pr\u00e9occupations quant \u00e0 la nature d\u00e9mocratique du syst\u00e8me politique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enqu\u00eate a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que ces trois soci\u00e9t\u00e9s n'en \u00e9taient qu'\u00e0 l'origine une, Gamma International UK Ltd. Winchester, contre qui une enqu\u00eate ouverte en 2013 par les autorit\u00e9s judiciaires britanniques[64]<\/sup><\/a> a \u00e9t\u00e9 bloqu\u00e9e, qui aurait mis l'entreprise sur la liste noire de l'OCDE[65]<\/sup><\/a> fin 2016 \u2013 une mesure qui interdit \u00e0 quiconque dans le monde de faire affaire avec ce groupe industriel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enqu\u00eate britannique s'est limit\u00e9e \u00e0 l'analyse de la vente de FinSpy \u00e0 Bahre\u00efn, tandis que l'enqu\u00eate allemande, accompagn\u00e9e d'un grand nombre de t\u00e9moignages de victimes de la terreur du r\u00e9gime d'Erdo\u011fan en Turquie et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, va beaucoup plus loin et constate que FinSpy a \u00e9t\u00e9 vendu ill\u00e9galement dans 36 pays[66]<\/sup><\/a>, il y a d'\u00e9normes centres de stockage de donn\u00e9es dans 11 pays[67]<\/sup><\/a>, de sorte qu'on soup\u00e7onne maintenant qu'il y a beaucoup d'autres crimes cach\u00e9s derri\u00e8re les faits connus[68]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est pourquoi le parquet de Munich a ordonn\u00e9 une perquisition des locaux de la capitale bavaroise, mais aussi de la branche roumaine du groupe Gamma International[69]<\/sup><\/a>, en octobre 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il est presque impossible de se d\u00e9fendre contre FinSpy : le malware s'installe avec de fausses mises \u00e0 jour d\u00e9guis\u00e9es en officielles, via des e-mails avec de fausses pi\u00e8ces jointes ou \u00e0 travers des failles de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans le logiciel \u2013 comme Avira[70]<\/sup><\/a> ou iTunes d'Apple \u2013 et ensuite via les fausses plates-formes du principaux moteurs de recherche, installations Mac et Linux[71]<\/sup><\/a>, programmes de messagerie \u00e9lectronique, r\u00e9seaux sociaux, sites Web pour les achats en ligne[72]<\/sup><\/a>. L\u00e0 o\u00f9 le malware de Gamma International ne parvient pas, celui de l'\u00e9quipe de piratage de David Vincenzetti[73]<\/sup><\/a> est l\u00e0[74]<\/sup><\/a>. Mais cette soci\u00e9t\u00e9 n'est plus l\u00e0, Gamma l'a surpass\u00e9e, ses fondateurs sont r\u00e9partis dans de nombreuses petites entreprises[75]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re les poup\u00e9es Matriochka?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

En 2015, le Citizen Lab Institute de Toronto avait identifi\u00e9 35 pays qui utilisaient ill\u00e9galement les applications du groupe Gamma \/ FinFisher<\/sub><\/strong>[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enqu\u00eate du parquet de Munich laisse un go\u00fbt un peu amer dans la bouche: comment est-il possible qu'une plainte de quatre ONG ait \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9cessaire pour enqu\u00eate ? Il est logique que le soup\u00e7on d'hypocrisie surgisse, surtout en sachant que les services secrets allemands (BND) avaient d\u00e9cern\u00e9 \u00e0 Stephan Oelkers de Gamma International les Big Brother Awards en 2012, car Gamma \u00e9tait \u00ab la meilleure entreprise au monde intrusion de syst\u00e8mes informatiques et installation de logiciels de surveillance<\/em> (...) Gamma propose ses services sur son site Internet \u2013 bien que le d\u00e9veloppement et la distribution de ce type de logiciel espion soient interdits par le droit p\u00e9nal allemand (Par. 282c StGB). Cependant, cela ne s'applique qu'aux clients priv\u00e9s, pas aux ventes aux autorit\u00e9s nationales ou \u00e0 la police secr\u00e8te d'une dictature \u00e9trang\u00e8re. C'est la raison pour laquelle le parquet de Munich a refus\u00e9 d'engager une proc\u00e9dure p\u00e9nale contre Gamma<\/em> \u00bb[77]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref : tout le monde savait tout, mais il y a huit ans, le procureur de Munich pensait que c'\u00e9tait une bagatelle tant que cette technologie monstrueuse \u00e9tait utilis\u00e9e par les dictatures pour opprimer leur propre peuple.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour \u00eatre pr\u00e9cis, nous en savons beaucoup sur les activit\u00e9s ill\u00e9gales de ce groupe depuis 1973 (lorsque les ordinateurs \u00e9taient des jouets et que l'espionnage consistait \u00e0 infiltrer des hommes louches dans des salles secr\u00e8tes \u00e0 l'aide d'un appareil microfilmant des documents interdits) de personnes dispers\u00e9es dans la campagne anglaise, dans le port de Hambourg, dans la capitale bavaroise ou dans les bidonvilles du Cap Town. L'histoire commence par un c\u00e2ble que l'ambassade am\u00e9ricaine \u00e0 Bonn a envoy\u00e9 aux autorit\u00e9s f\u00e9d\u00e9rales \u2013 un message signalant les activit\u00e9s suspectes d'un d\u00e9taillant d'\u00e9lectronique n\u00e9erlandais bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Hambourg, Peter Kluever[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La CIA d\u00e9cide d'investir dans cet homme, tout comme l'arm\u00e9e allemande. En 1981, ses deux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s PK Electronics et PKI Electronic Intelligence GmbH avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 des contrats avec le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. En 1983, le prince h\u00e9ritier d'Arabie saoudite, Abdullah Ibn Nasir IBn Abd al-Asis Al Sa'ud, visite Hambourg et les g\u00e9n\u00e9raux allemands lui montrent les effets de l'utilisation de la technologie Kluever sur l'efficacit\u00e9 et la cadence de tir des chars L\u00e9opard \u2013 qui le gouvernement de Moved Riyadh pour acqu\u00e9rir cette technologie[79]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 1987, Oelkers s'est envol\u00e9 pour P\u00e9kin pour une d\u00e9monstration de ses nouvelles puces et a ravi les g\u00e9n\u00e9raux chinois qui sont devenus une partie de sa client\u00e8le[80]<\/sup><\/a>. Dans le cadre des accords sign\u00e9s avec les \u00c9tats-Unis, \u00e0 partir de 1985, Kluever a vendu une technologie d'espionnage am\u00e9ricaine tr\u00e8s moderne (d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e par l'Ocean Applied Research Corporation \u00e0 San Diego[81]<\/sup><\/a> et distribu\u00e9e par le groupe CompuDyne Corporation en Pennsylvanie[82]<\/sup><\/a>) \u00e0 Muhammar Ghaddafi en Libye, \u00e0 Hafiz Al -Assad en Syrie, \u00e0 Haji Mohammad Suharto en Indon\u00e9sie \u2013 les trois pr\u00e9sidents l'utilisent pour intercepter les appels t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques et les \u00e9missions radio des opposants, des arm\u00e9es \u00e9trang\u00e8res et des groupes rebelles[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En vieillissant, Kluever vendra son entreprise (le PK Electronics Group \u00e0 Hambourg) \u00e0 deux ing\u00e9nieurs, l'Allemand Stephan Oelkers et l'Anglais William Louthean Nelson. Ce dernier avait commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 diriger le bureau de P\u00e9kin en 1985 et avait cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre soci\u00e9t\u00e9, Personal Protection Products Ltd. Hong Kong[84]<\/sup><\/a>, en 1992, qui jusqu'en 1994, via sa filiale de Hull[85]<\/sup><\/a>, vendait des dispositifs d'\u00e9coute utilis\u00e9s par les services secrets britanniques pour combattre l'IRA en Ulster[86]<\/sup><\/a>. Lorsque Kluever prendra sa retraite, PK Electronics sera transmis \u00e0 William Nelson et \u00e0 son fils Louthean John Alexander Nelson, les fondateurs du groupe Gamma International[87]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le sch\u00e9ma des participations du Groupe Gamma International ainsi que des personnes et soci\u00e9t\u00e9s associ\u00e9es \u2013 \u00a9 IBI World Ltd. London<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une nouvelle \u00e8re commence dans laquelle les anciennes \u00e9coutes t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques seront bient\u00f4t surmont\u00e9es et oubli\u00e9es. Le jeune Louthean commence \u00e0 travailler avec Niels J\u00f8rgen Tobiasen et ses deux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s : The CBRN Team Ltd. Londres[88]<\/sup><\/a> et The Phoenix Hazard Training Ltd. Darlington[89]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est une op\u00e9ration industrielle qui est n\u00e9e d'un contrat de fourniture d'armes chimiques, biologiques, radiologiques et nucl\u00e9aires \u00e0 l'Ouganda[90]<\/sup><\/a> qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9goci\u00e9 avec un membre du gouvernement, Ananias Tumukunde, qui avait accept\u00e9 un pot-de-vin de 40000 \u00a3[91]<\/sup><\/a>. Une op\u00e9ration qui s'est termin\u00e9e par l'arrestation de Tumukunde \u00e0 Kampala et de Tobiasen \u00e0 Londres en juillet 2007[92]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au cours de ces ann\u00e9es, Louthean Nelson a \u00e9galement tent\u00e9 de faciliter une collaboration avec l'\u00e9quipe de piratage de David Vincenzetti : avec l'un des meilleurs hackers du groupe milanais, Alberto Pelliccione, Nelson a essay\u00e9 apr\u00e8s un certain temps de trouver un syst\u00e8me pour pirater les appareils Nokia \u2013 mais Pelliccione change d\u2019avis quand il d\u00e9couvre que Nelson a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 livrer des armes aux pays touch\u00e9s par les sanctions internationales par l'interm\u00e9diaire d'une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qui a maintenant \u00e9t\u00e9 liquid\u00e9e, Cyan Engineering Services SAL Beirut[93]<\/sup><\/a>. Quelque chose avec lequel Pelliccione ne veut rien avoir \u00e0 voir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'entreprise suivante est peut-\u00eatre encore plus \u00e9tonnante : Nelson fonde Elaman et d\u00e9localise certaines activit\u00e9s en Suisse[94]<\/sup><\/a> parce qu'il fait de nouveau affaire avec l'ancien partenaire de son p\u00e8re, Stephan Oelkers. Oelkers a convaincu Nelson de d\u00e9placer son centre d'op\u00e9rations de Hambourg \u00e0 Munich et d'accepter un nouveau partenaire, Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt. Cela devrait travailler avec les services secrets autrichiens[95]<\/sup><\/a> et tenter de reprendre la station de Bad Aibling \u00e0 la NSA (American Military Intelligence)[96]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est une tentation imposante et extr\u00eamement symbolique : la station d'interception de Bad Aibling est n\u00e9e en 1936 comme a\u00e9roport militaire et centre radar de la Luftwaffe, et \u00e0 la fin de la guerre, l'arm\u00e9e am\u00e9ricaine l'a convertie en camp de transit pour les prisonniers de guerre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s et victimes des camps de concentration nationaux-socialistes. Un camp de concentration tr\u00e8s c\u00e9l\u00e8bre que les \u00e9crivains G\u00fcnther Grass et Joseph Ratzinger (le futur pape Beno\u00eet XVI)[97]<\/sup><\/a> ont travers\u00e9. De 1952 jusqu'\u00e0 la fermeture, demand\u00e9e par l'Union europ\u00e9enne en 2001 et r\u00e9alis\u00e9e en 2004 (officiellement, puisque l'installation \u00e9tait toujours en activit\u00e9 en 2013[98]<\/sup><\/a>), la NSA de Bad Aibling a assembl\u00e9 ses syst\u00e8mes Echelon[99]<\/sup><\/a> pour intercepter les communications t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques du plan\u00e8te enti\u00e8re[100]<\/sup><\/a>. La prise de contr\u00f4le de la station NSA aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 la cons\u00e9cration de Nelson et de ses employ\u00e9s \u00e0 une entreprise d'importance mondiale et au pouvoir presque illimit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les n\u00e9gociations n'\u00e9taient pas termin\u00e9es lorsque FinFisher a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 vendre son FinSpy \u00e0 la Turquie et le monde entier a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 voir le danger. Apr\u00e8s les recherches \u00e0 Munich, en Suisse et en Roumanie, Nelson a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 liquider toutes les entreprises le plus rapidement possible: certaines d'entre elles (Computplus Ltd., G2 Systems Ltd., Gamma 2000 Ltd., Gamma 2000 Waste Management Ltd., Gamma International (UK) Ltd.) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 liquid\u00e9s d\u00e9but f\u00e9vrier 2021 au moment de la r\u00e9daction de cet article[101]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'y a pas de retour en arri\u00e8re<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

14 avril 2007 : Plus d'un million de citoyens pacifiques protestent contre l'abolition de la libert\u00e9 et contre un r\u00e9gime qui a transform\u00e9 leur patrie en un enfer d'oppression, de violence et de mis\u00e8re. Une sc\u00e8ne d'humanit\u00e9 passionnante qui pourrait difficilement \u00eatre r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9e<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, cela ne change pas la substance des choses. Aujourd'hui, f\u00e9vrier 2021, le gouvernement et ses agences de renseignement dans au moins 40 pays \u00e0 travers le monde, dont la grande majorit\u00e9 est dirig\u00e9e par une dictature, ont entre les mains des logiciels qui vont non seulement au-del\u00e0 des sc\u00e9narios apocalyptiques d\u00e9crits par George Orwell, mais aussi du \"Br\u00e9sil<\/em>\" de Terry Gilliam : D\u00e9sormais, un r\u00e9gime n'a plus besoin de d\u00e9couvrir que quelqu'un pr\u00e9pare un complot pour les isoler, les torturer, les condamner et les exterminer. L'\u00c9tat peut cr\u00e9er des preuves d'un simple clic d'ordinateur, en utilisant un logiciel qui en un milli\u00e8me de seconde condamnera chacun de nous et impliquera chacun de nos proches dans notre destruction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 o\u00f9 l'ali\u00e9nation de l'individu du contexte commun a d\u00e9j\u00e0 atteint des proportions inqui\u00e9tantes, les logiciels d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s et vendus par une petite poign\u00e9e de criminels totalement inconnus du public ont permis \u00e0 l'humanit\u00e9 de s'engager sur un chemin de non-retour : celui o\u00f9 il n'y a plus rien de vrai et de v\u00e9rifiable dans lequel chacun de nous doit douter de qui est autour de nous, et m\u00eame (et plus encore) nous-m\u00eames.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La faiblesse et la superficialit\u00e9 avec lesquelles les gouvernements occidentaux (en particulier les \u00c9tats-Unis, l'Allemagne et le Royaume-Uni) ont permis \u00e0 ce logiciel d'\u00eatre distribu\u00e9 \u00e0 travers la plan\u00e8te pour des calculs purement \u00e9go\u00efstes sont impardonnables et le signe que 75 ans apr\u00e8s la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale , 30 ans apr\u00e8s la fin de la guerre froide, et la peur d'un conflit nucl\u00e9aire lorsque la nature se rebelle contre la mani\u00e8re insens\u00e9e dont nous la d\u00e9truisons, les gens ont franchi la limite ultime \u2013 ceux dans lesquels l'ennemi qui tue ne vient pas de l'ext\u00e9rieur, mais de l'int\u00e9rieur \u2013 et est inexorable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/65-in-yuzbinleri-6335051<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/6554851.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/laik-turkiye-icin-caglayan-a-6426626<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/3-miting-3-mesaj-6462629<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/izmir-rekor-bekliyor-6495436<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/turkey-used-german-spy-software-on-opposition-politicians-and-activists\/a-43787769<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/en\/content\/turkish-spy-networks-control-opponents<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-39416954<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.birgun.net\/haber\/iddia-pelikancilar-hakan-fidan-gitsin-diyor-283382<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trthaber.com\/haber\/gundem\/iletisim-baskanligi-berat-albayrakin-gorevden-af-talebi-kabul-edilmistir-529559.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/europe\/russia-accuses-president-erdogan-s-son-law-being-linked-isis-oil-trade-a6761436.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2016\/09\/turkey-redhackers-daunt-the-erdogan-family.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepressproject.gr\/exclusive-wikileaks-documents-relations-erdogan-isis-oil-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.duvarenglish.com\/sport\/2020\/02\/10\/politics-in-stadiums-fenerbahce-fans-urge-minister-albayrak-to-keep-hands-off-football<\/a> ; https:\/\/odatv4.com\/fenerbahceliler-damata-karsi-ayaga-kalkti-02022031.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Intelligence Online, \u201cHakan Fidan close to ministerial promotion<\/em>\u201d, see in 2020.11.18 Hakan Fidan Minister<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-launches-project-to-train-1-million-software-developers-154081<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> 2017.04.13 T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mill%C3%AE_%C4%B0stihbarat_Te%C5%9Fkil%C3%A2t%C4%B1#Leitung<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> Hakan Fidan on Nexis, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/t24.com.tr\/haber\/adanada-3-tir-durduruldu-arama-yapiliyor,248707<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> 1000 colpi di mortaio, 1000 colpi di artiglieria, 50\u2019000 fucili d'assalto e 30\u2019000 munizioni per mitragliatrice \u2013 see in https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529223636\/http:\/\/www.aktifhaber.com\/devlet-sirri-denilen-mit-tirlari-ile-ilgili-tapeler-1053377h.htm#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.haber7.com\/guncel\/haber\/1121773-mit-tirlari-neden-durduruldu ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aljazeera.com.tr\/haber\/mit-tirlari-boyle-durduruldu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/bianet.org\/bianet\/insan-haklari\/155519-tir-lari-durdurmakla-suclanan-13-askere-muebbet-istendi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milliyet.com.tr\/gundem\/mit-tirlari-olayinda-yeni-gelisme-5-savci-gorevden-uzaklastirildi-1999064<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/erdogandan-canli-yayinda-can-dundara-tehdit-288885<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.faz.net\/aktuell\/politik\/ausland\/europa\/tuerkei\/tuerkei-kampf-gegen-die-soldaten-des-lichts-12715816.html?printPagedArticle=true#pageIndex_3<\/a> ; https:\/\/taz.de\/Wie-Guelen-zum-Staatsfeind-Nr-1-wurde\/!5323191\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2021\/02\/03\/son-dakika-istihbarattaki-fetocu-generalden-bomba-itiraflar-tegmen-rutbemi-fetullah-gulen-takti<\/a> ; https:\/\/tr.sputniknews.com\/turkiye\/202001211041211454-sozcu-ilker-basbugu-cezaevine-attiran-feto-mektubunu-acikliyoruz\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.genios.de\/presse-archiv\/artikel\/FAZ\/20171111\/jagd-auf-die-guelenisten\/FR1201711115279571.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nadir.org\/nadir\/initiativ\/isku\/hintergrund\/geheimdienste\/geheim994.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/tuerkischer-geheimdienst-liess-erdogan-gegner-in-deutschland-ausspionieren\/12027820.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article157778863\/Erdogans-Agenten-bedrohen-Tuerken-in-Deutschland.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html ;  https:\/\/www.derstandard.at\/story\/1397522175727\/geheimdienst-staat-tuerkei<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2020\/09\/turkey-austria-spy-nehammer-kurdish-clashes-protests-vienna.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/austria-turkey-espionage-int-idUSKBN25S4R5<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/10\/13\/world\/europe\/turkey-austria-erdogan-assassin.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/global-europe\/news\/flemish-minister-turkish-sponosred-mosque-is-nest-of-spies\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/07\/06\/influenced-by-gulenists-belgium-targets-turkish-mosques-fighting-extremism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/erdogan-critics-listed-by-turkish-embassy-in-prague-were-included-in-bogus-terrorism-probe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turk-greek-ties-strained-by-arson-row-10324<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-greece-germany-spying\/greek-police-arrest-german-on-suspicion-of-spying-idUSBRE97208820130803<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kathimerini.gr\/society\/896001\/istories-me-kataskopoys-sto-aigaio\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.larissanet.gr\/2019\/06\/21\/dikazetai-sti-rodo-kataskopos-tis-tourkias\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/ahvalnews.com\/mit\/turkish-intelligence-recruits-eu-retirees-spy-greece<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/04\/turkish-intelligence-operations-targeting-critics-in-greece-exposed-in-secret-documents\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/intelnews.org\/2016\/12\/09\/01-2023\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/more-secret-documents-confirming-vast-turkish-espionage-activities-in-greece-uncovered\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.skai.gr\/news\/greece\/dyo-syllipseis-ellinon-gia-kataskopeia-sti-rodo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-kosovo-security-turkey-idUSKBN1H70CC<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/opinion\/murat-yetkin\/turkish-intelligence-unveils-secret-codes-used-before-coup-attempt-103843<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2018\/09\/turkish-teachers-detained-moldova-gulen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/balkaninsight.com\/2018\/09\/06\/six-turkish-professors-detained-by-moldovan-secret-services-09-06-2018\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/turkeypurge.com\/turkey-spying-imams-active-also-in-norway<\/a> ; https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/turkeys-autocratic-president-erdogans-spying-profiling-expands-in-norway\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/kafila.org\/www-matthewaid-com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/report-sweden-launches-espionage-probe-into-turkish-govt-representatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/politics\/undiplomatic_swiss-eye-alleged-turkish-kidnapping-attempt\/43973170 ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/swiss-foreign-minister-warns-turkey-against-illegal-spying-111199 ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/eu-affairs\/2017\/05\/01\/as-anti-turkish-politics-grip-europe-turkish-swiss-policeman-arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-brings-key-feto-suspect-from-ukraine-to-turkey-134608<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.meforum.org\/60976\/turkish-spy-agency-mit-intelligence-gathering-australia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-court\/egypt-detains-29-people-on-suspicion-of-espionage-for-turkey-idUSKBN1DM1AN<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/33764\/In-Pictures-Egypt-foils-Turkish-espionage-attempt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-agency-brings-three-feto-members-from-gabon-to-turkey-130050<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/turkey\/turkish-intelligence-agency-rescues-a-kidnapped-italian-citizen-in-kenya-36192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20190807-libyan-national-army-turkish-intelligence-is-operating-in-tripoli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/11\/27\/senior-feto-figure-captured-by-turkish-intelligence-in-sudan\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Flyer<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Atelier avec des d\u00e9put\u00e9s sur la guerre au Y\u00e9men","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"workshop-with-meps-on-yemen-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4296","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3982,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-08 21:53:36","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-08 21:53:36","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

14 avril 2007 : Devant le mausol\u00e9e \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire du p\u00e8re de la patrie, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, le peuple turc descend dans la rue pour r\u00e9clamer la la\u00efcit\u00e9, la libert\u00e9, la d\u00e9mocratie, la paix, le progr\u00e8s et la prosp\u00e9rit\u00e9. Ensuite, il manifeste contre le r\u00e9gime corrompu et incomp\u00e9tent de Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan qui offre mis\u00e8re, corruption, fondamentalisme religieux, suppression violente de toutes les libert\u00e9s et g\u00e9nocide contre les minorit\u00e9s ethniques. Il y a des centaines de milliers de personnes qui demandent pacifiquement une nouvelle Turquie et n'obtiennent que violence et pers\u00e9cution. Selon la presse nationale, les manifestants \u00e9taient plus d'un million et demi de personnes[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis, la strat\u00e9gie du r\u00e9gime est claire : supprimer toute protestation, critique, mauvaise humeur, journal ou blog, quiconque est capable d'organiser une nouvelle foule pour montrer au monde ce qu'est la Turquie aujourd'hui. Et quand Erdo\u011fan s'est rendu compte qu'il n'y avait pas de leaders de la contestation, mais plut\u00f4t un d\u00e9sespoir g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9, exhortant les individus \u00e0 appeler d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9ment \u00e0 l'aide[2]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 probablement \u00e0 un monde occidental aveugle et opportuniste \u2013 la strat\u00e9gie a \u00e9t\u00e9 affin\u00e9e et une nouvelle op\u00e9ration de pers\u00e9cution individuelle mise en place. Quelque chose de jamais vu auparavant qui surmonte la r\u00e9pression bureaucratique des nazis parce qu'il utilise une technologie que (heureusement) Adolf Hitler et ses hi\u00e9rarchies n'ont jamais eu \u00e0 leur disposition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'op\u00e9ration consiste \u00e0 \u00e9couter tous les t\u00e9l\u00e9phones portables en Turquie, \u00e0 espionner leurs contacts, \u00e0 lire les \u00e9changes de messages, \u00e0 ins\u00e9rer de fausses donn\u00e9es et conversations pour identifier les m\u00e9contents et \u00e0 cr\u00e9er sur leurs appareils de fausses preuves de leur participation \u00e0 un complot terroriste[3]<\/sup><\/a>. Une op\u00e9ration de cynisme et de brutalit\u00e9, \u00e0 la fois physique et psychologique, qui va bien au-del\u00e0 des cauchemars que George Orwell a racont\u00e9s dans ses romans sur l'apocalypse sociale. Quand Erdo\u011fan s'est rendu compte que cela ne suffirait pas, le dictateur a \u00e9largi l'audition et la falsification des communications \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, dans des pays comme la Gr\u00e8ce, l'Australie ou l'Allemagne, o\u00f9 vivent des milliers de Turcs qui ont fui leur patrie[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cauchemar du contr\u00f4le \u00e9lectronique total<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hakan Fidan (\u00e0 gauche), Bayrat Albarak (au centre) et Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan (\u00e0 droite), les directeurs de la terreur t\u00e9l\u00e9matique d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par le gouvernement d'Ankara<\/sub><\/strong>[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'op\u00e9ration est dirig\u00e9e par Hakan Fidan, un ami proche d'Erdo\u011fan et chef du service de renseignement turc (MIT \u2013 Mill\u00ee \u0130stihbarat Te\u015fkil\u00e2t\u0131) : c'est un sergent qui, apr\u00e8s avoir rencontr\u00e9 le futur dictateur, a suivi sa carri\u00e8re de chef de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 personnelle puis progressivement atteint un cadre d'espionnage militaire, au point qu'en novembre 2020, suite \u00e0 la d\u00e9mission du gendre d'Erdo\u011fan, Berat Albayrak[6]<\/sup><\/a> (qui a financ\u00e9 l'EI dans le cadre de sa coop\u00e9ration avec l'Irak[7]<\/sup><\/a>, ainsi que sa participation au scandale de la manipulation des r\u00e9sultats de la Ligue turque de football a eu des ennuis)[8]<\/sup><\/a>, il est devenu le principal candidat \u00e0 la fonction du nouveau ministre des Finances[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Albayrak n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi pour ses comp\u00e9tences en \u00e9conomie, mais parce qu'il est le coordinateur de tout un projet de contr\u00f4le t\u00e9l\u00e9matique, pour lequel le r\u00e9gime, apr\u00e8s avoir form\u00e9 un million de hackers d'\u00c9tat, contr\u00f4lera toutes les transactions \u00e9conomiques de chaque entreprise et de chaque citoyen[10]<\/sup><\/a> : officiellement pour emp\u00eacher l\u2019\u00e9vasion fiscale. Le fait que Hakan Fidan soit \u00e0 la t\u00eate de ce nouveau minist\u00e8re depuis janvier 2021 rend tout clair et simple.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdo\u011fan a depuis transform\u00e9 le bureau du Premier ministre en une agence gouvernementale enregistr\u00e9e[11]<\/sup><\/a> qui contr\u00f4le certains consulats turcs \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger \u2013 comme Atlanta, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, Washington DC (USA), Burnaby (Canada) et Rabat (Maroc)[12]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 et de bien s\u00fbr le MIT[13]<\/sup><\/a> aussi. Dans chacune de ces agences, Hakan Fidan joue le r\u00f4le de directeur ex\u00e9cutif[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Peut-\u00eatre parce que le MIT n'est pas seulement actif en Turquie, mais partout dans le monde ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 19 janvier 2014, la gendarmerie turque a bloqu\u00e9 deux camions \u00e0 destination de la Syrie qui \u00e9taient pleins d'armes[15]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 des armes destin\u00e9es \u00e0 aider l'arm\u00e9e du califat (EI)[16]<\/sup><\/a> transport\u00e9es par des agents du MIT[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Erdo\u011fan a d'abord affirm\u00e9 qu'il s'agissait d'une aide humanitaire[18]<\/sup><\/a>, mais certains journalistes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 filmer le camion et le mensonge a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9couvert. R\u00e9sultat : les 13 gendarmes qui ont arr\u00eat\u00e9 les camions ont \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 de longues peines de prison[19]<\/sup><\/a> ; Les juges d'instruction ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9mis de leurs fonctions et inculp\u00e9s[20]<\/sup><\/a> ; les journalistes impliqu\u00e9s dans l'enregistrement ou la publication des informations ont \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq ans de prison[21]<\/sup><\/a>. La police a re\u00e7u de nouveaux ordres : n'emp\u00eachez jamais les v\u00e9hicules du MIT d'aller \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'une des t\u00e2ches du MIT est de combattre la secte Hizmet et son pr\u00e9dicateur Fethullah G\u00fclen (en tapant sur les t\u00e9l\u00e9phones et Internet, en traquant, en enlevant, en torturant, en assassinant[22]<\/sup><\/a>) en Turquie et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Cependant, la t\u00e2che principale du MIT est de combattre les opposants \u00e0 l'ext\u00e9rieur du pays. Environ 500 responsables du MIT et plus de 6000 informateurs sont actifs en Allemagne \u2013 une structure encore plus grande et plus puissante que STASI \u00e0 l'\u00e9poque de la RDA[24]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 dont le but n'est pas seulement d'observer et de signaler les citoyens turcs qui ont \u00e9migr\u00e9 en Europe, mais aussi d'intervenir physiquement[25]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'un des objectifs du MIT est d'intercepter les communications pour cr\u00e9er des preuves fictives contre les critiques du r\u00e9gime d'Ankara et pour justifier leur enl\u00e8vement et leur torture[26]<\/sup><\/a>. Une strat\u00e9gie que le MIT poursuit \u00e9galement dans plusieurs autres pays du monde \u2013 par exemple en Autriche[27]<\/sup><\/a>, Belgique[28]<\/sup><\/a>, R\u00e9publique tch\u00e8que[29]<\/sup><\/a>, France[30]<\/sup><\/a>, Gr\u00e8ce[31]<\/sup><\/a>, Kosovo[32]<\/sup><\/a>, Lituanie[33]<\/sup><\/a>, Moldavie[34]<\/sup><\/a>, Norv\u00e8ge[35]<\/sup><\/a>, Serbie[36]<\/sup><\/a>, Su\u00e8de[37]<\/sup><\/a>, Suisse[38]<\/sup><\/a>, Ukraine[39]<\/sup><\/a>, Royaume-Uni[40]<\/sup><\/a> , Australie[41]<\/sup><\/a>, \u00c9gypte[42]<\/sup><\/a>, Gabon[43]<\/sup><\/a>, Kenya[44]<\/sup><\/a>, Libye[45]<\/sup><\/a>, Soudan[46]<\/sup><\/a>, \u00c9tats-Unis[47]<\/sup><\/a>, Arm\u00e9nie[48]<\/sup><\/a>, Azerba\u00efdjan[49]<\/sup><\/a>, G\u00e9orgie[50]<\/sup><\/a>, Irak[51]<\/sup><\/a>, Malaisie[52]<\/sup><\/a>, Mongolie[53]<\/sup><\/a>, Pakistan[54]<\/sup><\/a> et Syrie, o\u00f9 le gouvernement turc se bat avec sa propre arm\u00e9e et soutient l'EI[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Technologie allemande pour le tortionnaire d'Erdo\u011fan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Comment fonctionne l'application FishSpy de FinFisher GmbH \u00e0 Munich \u2013 le c\u0153ur battant du syst\u00e8me d'espionnage turc du MIT<\/sub><\/strong>[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le syst\u00e8me complexe de contr\u00f4le, de piratage, d'interception et de falsification n\u00e9cessaire pour surveiller des millions de personnes n'est pas un jouet. Des ONG de toute l'Europe recherchent qui a d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 une telle technologie et l'a trouv\u00e9e en Allemagne \u2013 elle s'appelle FinSpy et est produite par trois soci\u00e9t\u00e9s du groupe Gamma International : FinFisher GmbH Munich, FinFisher Labs GmbH Munich et Elaman GmbH Munich. Quatre organisations ont pu le prouver \u00e0 la justice allemande[57]<\/sup><\/a> : Reporters sans fronti\u00e8res de Berlin (actif dans toute l'Europe, principalement pr\u00e9occup\u00e9 par la libert\u00e9 de la presse[58]<\/sup><\/a>), GFF Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Freiheitsrechte de Berlin (tr\u00e8s active dans la surveillance des activit\u00e9s ill\u00e9gales du BND et d'autres services secrets allemands[59]<\/sup><\/a>), Netzpolitik.org \u00e0 Berlin (un journal en ligne[60]<\/sup><\/a>) et le Centre europ\u00e9en pour la Constitution et les droits de l'homme \u00e0 Berlin[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le parquet de Munich lance une enqu\u00eate p\u00e9nale sur la base des preuves pr\u00e9sent\u00e9es par ces ONG : les entreprises bavaroises susmentionn\u00e9es ont viol\u00e9 la loi sur le commerce ext\u00e9rieur[62]<\/sup><\/a> sur au moins six points et ont non seulement vendu FinSpy \u00e0 la Turquie, mais aussi aux gouvernements de nombreux autres pays, y compris Bahre\u00efn, l'\u00c9gypte, l'\u00c9thiopie, la Libye, le Kazakhstan, l'Arabie saoudite et le Venezuela[63]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 tous des pays qui soul\u00e8vent de graves pr\u00e9occupations quant \u00e0 la nature d\u00e9mocratique du syst\u00e8me politique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enqu\u00eate a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que ces trois soci\u00e9t\u00e9s n'en \u00e9taient qu'\u00e0 l'origine une, Gamma International UK Ltd. Winchester, contre qui une enqu\u00eate ouverte en 2013 par les autorit\u00e9s judiciaires britanniques[64]<\/sup><\/a> a \u00e9t\u00e9 bloqu\u00e9e, qui aurait mis l'entreprise sur la liste noire de l'OCDE[65]<\/sup><\/a> fin 2016 \u2013 une mesure qui interdit \u00e0 quiconque dans le monde de faire affaire avec ce groupe industriel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enqu\u00eate britannique s'est limit\u00e9e \u00e0 l'analyse de la vente de FinSpy \u00e0 Bahre\u00efn, tandis que l'enqu\u00eate allemande, accompagn\u00e9e d'un grand nombre de t\u00e9moignages de victimes de la terreur du r\u00e9gime d'Erdo\u011fan en Turquie et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, va beaucoup plus loin et constate que FinSpy a \u00e9t\u00e9 vendu ill\u00e9galement dans 36 pays[66]<\/sup><\/a>, il y a d'\u00e9normes centres de stockage de donn\u00e9es dans 11 pays[67]<\/sup><\/a>, de sorte qu'on soup\u00e7onne maintenant qu'il y a beaucoup d'autres crimes cach\u00e9s derri\u00e8re les faits connus[68]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est pourquoi le parquet de Munich a ordonn\u00e9 une perquisition des locaux de la capitale bavaroise, mais aussi de la branche roumaine du groupe Gamma International[69]<\/sup><\/a>, en octobre 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il est presque impossible de se d\u00e9fendre contre FinSpy : le malware s'installe avec de fausses mises \u00e0 jour d\u00e9guis\u00e9es en officielles, via des e-mails avec de fausses pi\u00e8ces jointes ou \u00e0 travers des failles de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans le logiciel \u2013 comme Avira[70]<\/sup><\/a> ou iTunes d'Apple \u2013 et ensuite via les fausses plates-formes du principaux moteurs de recherche, installations Mac et Linux[71]<\/sup><\/a>, programmes de messagerie \u00e9lectronique, r\u00e9seaux sociaux, sites Web pour les achats en ligne[72]<\/sup><\/a>. L\u00e0 o\u00f9 le malware de Gamma International ne parvient pas, celui de l'\u00e9quipe de piratage de David Vincenzetti[73]<\/sup><\/a> est l\u00e0[74]<\/sup><\/a>. Mais cette soci\u00e9t\u00e9 n'est plus l\u00e0, Gamma l'a surpass\u00e9e, ses fondateurs sont r\u00e9partis dans de nombreuses petites entreprises[75]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re les poup\u00e9es Matriochka?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

En 2015, le Citizen Lab Institute de Toronto avait identifi\u00e9 35 pays qui utilisaient ill\u00e9galement les applications du groupe Gamma \/ FinFisher<\/sub><\/strong>[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enqu\u00eate du parquet de Munich laisse un go\u00fbt un peu amer dans la bouche: comment est-il possible qu'une plainte de quatre ONG ait \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9cessaire pour enqu\u00eate ? Il est logique que le soup\u00e7on d'hypocrisie surgisse, surtout en sachant que les services secrets allemands (BND) avaient d\u00e9cern\u00e9 \u00e0 Stephan Oelkers de Gamma International les Big Brother Awards en 2012, car Gamma \u00e9tait \u00ab la meilleure entreprise au monde intrusion de syst\u00e8mes informatiques et installation de logiciels de surveillance<\/em> (...) Gamma propose ses services sur son site Internet \u2013 bien que le d\u00e9veloppement et la distribution de ce type de logiciel espion soient interdits par le droit p\u00e9nal allemand (Par. 282c StGB). Cependant, cela ne s'applique qu'aux clients priv\u00e9s, pas aux ventes aux autorit\u00e9s nationales ou \u00e0 la police secr\u00e8te d'une dictature \u00e9trang\u00e8re. C'est la raison pour laquelle le parquet de Munich a refus\u00e9 d'engager une proc\u00e9dure p\u00e9nale contre Gamma<\/em> \u00bb[77]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref : tout le monde savait tout, mais il y a huit ans, le procureur de Munich pensait que c'\u00e9tait une bagatelle tant que cette technologie monstrueuse \u00e9tait utilis\u00e9e par les dictatures pour opprimer leur propre peuple.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour \u00eatre pr\u00e9cis, nous en savons beaucoup sur les activit\u00e9s ill\u00e9gales de ce groupe depuis 1973 (lorsque les ordinateurs \u00e9taient des jouets et que l'espionnage consistait \u00e0 infiltrer des hommes louches dans des salles secr\u00e8tes \u00e0 l'aide d'un appareil microfilmant des documents interdits) de personnes dispers\u00e9es dans la campagne anglaise, dans le port de Hambourg, dans la capitale bavaroise ou dans les bidonvilles du Cap Town. L'histoire commence par un c\u00e2ble que l'ambassade am\u00e9ricaine \u00e0 Bonn a envoy\u00e9 aux autorit\u00e9s f\u00e9d\u00e9rales \u2013 un message signalant les activit\u00e9s suspectes d'un d\u00e9taillant d'\u00e9lectronique n\u00e9erlandais bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Hambourg, Peter Kluever[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La CIA d\u00e9cide d'investir dans cet homme, tout comme l'arm\u00e9e allemande. En 1981, ses deux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s PK Electronics et PKI Electronic Intelligence GmbH avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 des contrats avec le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. En 1983, le prince h\u00e9ritier d'Arabie saoudite, Abdullah Ibn Nasir IBn Abd al-Asis Al Sa'ud, visite Hambourg et les g\u00e9n\u00e9raux allemands lui montrent les effets de l'utilisation de la technologie Kluever sur l'efficacit\u00e9 et la cadence de tir des chars L\u00e9opard \u2013 qui le gouvernement de Moved Riyadh pour acqu\u00e9rir cette technologie[79]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 1987, Oelkers s'est envol\u00e9 pour P\u00e9kin pour une d\u00e9monstration de ses nouvelles puces et a ravi les g\u00e9n\u00e9raux chinois qui sont devenus une partie de sa client\u00e8le[80]<\/sup><\/a>. Dans le cadre des accords sign\u00e9s avec les \u00c9tats-Unis, \u00e0 partir de 1985, Kluever a vendu une technologie d'espionnage am\u00e9ricaine tr\u00e8s moderne (d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e par l'Ocean Applied Research Corporation \u00e0 San Diego[81]<\/sup><\/a> et distribu\u00e9e par le groupe CompuDyne Corporation en Pennsylvanie[82]<\/sup><\/a>) \u00e0 Muhammar Ghaddafi en Libye, \u00e0 Hafiz Al -Assad en Syrie, \u00e0 Haji Mohammad Suharto en Indon\u00e9sie \u2013 les trois pr\u00e9sidents l'utilisent pour intercepter les appels t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques et les \u00e9missions radio des opposants, des arm\u00e9es \u00e9trang\u00e8res et des groupes rebelles[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En vieillissant, Kluever vendra son entreprise (le PK Electronics Group \u00e0 Hambourg) \u00e0 deux ing\u00e9nieurs, l'Allemand Stephan Oelkers et l'Anglais William Louthean Nelson. Ce dernier avait commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 diriger le bureau de P\u00e9kin en 1985 et avait cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre soci\u00e9t\u00e9, Personal Protection Products Ltd. Hong Kong[84]<\/sup><\/a>, en 1992, qui jusqu'en 1994, via sa filiale de Hull[85]<\/sup><\/a>, vendait des dispositifs d'\u00e9coute utilis\u00e9s par les services secrets britanniques pour combattre l'IRA en Ulster[86]<\/sup><\/a>. Lorsque Kluever prendra sa retraite, PK Electronics sera transmis \u00e0 William Nelson et \u00e0 son fils Louthean John Alexander Nelson, les fondateurs du groupe Gamma International[87]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le sch\u00e9ma des participations du Groupe Gamma International ainsi que des personnes et soci\u00e9t\u00e9s associ\u00e9es \u2013 \u00a9 IBI World Ltd. London<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une nouvelle \u00e8re commence dans laquelle les anciennes \u00e9coutes t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques seront bient\u00f4t surmont\u00e9es et oubli\u00e9es. Le jeune Louthean commence \u00e0 travailler avec Niels J\u00f8rgen Tobiasen et ses deux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s : The CBRN Team Ltd. Londres[88]<\/sup><\/a> et The Phoenix Hazard Training Ltd. Darlington[89]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est une op\u00e9ration industrielle qui est n\u00e9e d'un contrat de fourniture d'armes chimiques, biologiques, radiologiques et nucl\u00e9aires \u00e0 l'Ouganda[90]<\/sup><\/a> qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9goci\u00e9 avec un membre du gouvernement, Ananias Tumukunde, qui avait accept\u00e9 un pot-de-vin de 40000 \u00a3[91]<\/sup><\/a>. Une op\u00e9ration qui s'est termin\u00e9e par l'arrestation de Tumukunde \u00e0 Kampala et de Tobiasen \u00e0 Londres en juillet 2007[92]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au cours de ces ann\u00e9es, Louthean Nelson a \u00e9galement tent\u00e9 de faciliter une collaboration avec l'\u00e9quipe de piratage de David Vincenzetti : avec l'un des meilleurs hackers du groupe milanais, Alberto Pelliccione, Nelson a essay\u00e9 apr\u00e8s un certain temps de trouver un syst\u00e8me pour pirater les appareils Nokia \u2013 mais Pelliccione change d\u2019avis quand il d\u00e9couvre que Nelson a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 livrer des armes aux pays touch\u00e9s par les sanctions internationales par l'interm\u00e9diaire d'une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qui a maintenant \u00e9t\u00e9 liquid\u00e9e, Cyan Engineering Services SAL Beirut[93]<\/sup><\/a>. Quelque chose avec lequel Pelliccione ne veut rien avoir \u00e0 voir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'entreprise suivante est peut-\u00eatre encore plus \u00e9tonnante : Nelson fonde Elaman et d\u00e9localise certaines activit\u00e9s en Suisse[94]<\/sup><\/a> parce qu'il fait de nouveau affaire avec l'ancien partenaire de son p\u00e8re, Stephan Oelkers. Oelkers a convaincu Nelson de d\u00e9placer son centre d'op\u00e9rations de Hambourg \u00e0 Munich et d'accepter un nouveau partenaire, Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt. Cela devrait travailler avec les services secrets autrichiens[95]<\/sup><\/a> et tenter de reprendre la station de Bad Aibling \u00e0 la NSA (American Military Intelligence)[96]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est une tentation imposante et extr\u00eamement symbolique : la station d'interception de Bad Aibling est n\u00e9e en 1936 comme a\u00e9roport militaire et centre radar de la Luftwaffe, et \u00e0 la fin de la guerre, l'arm\u00e9e am\u00e9ricaine l'a convertie en camp de transit pour les prisonniers de guerre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s et victimes des camps de concentration nationaux-socialistes. Un camp de concentration tr\u00e8s c\u00e9l\u00e8bre que les \u00e9crivains G\u00fcnther Grass et Joseph Ratzinger (le futur pape Beno\u00eet XVI)[97]<\/sup><\/a> ont travers\u00e9. De 1952 jusqu'\u00e0 la fermeture, demand\u00e9e par l'Union europ\u00e9enne en 2001 et r\u00e9alis\u00e9e en 2004 (officiellement, puisque l'installation \u00e9tait toujours en activit\u00e9 en 2013[98]<\/sup><\/a>), la NSA de Bad Aibling a assembl\u00e9 ses syst\u00e8mes Echelon[99]<\/sup><\/a> pour intercepter les communications t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques du plan\u00e8te enti\u00e8re[100]<\/sup><\/a>. La prise de contr\u00f4le de la station NSA aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 la cons\u00e9cration de Nelson et de ses employ\u00e9s \u00e0 une entreprise d'importance mondiale et au pouvoir presque illimit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les n\u00e9gociations n'\u00e9taient pas termin\u00e9es lorsque FinFisher a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 vendre son FinSpy \u00e0 la Turquie et le monde entier a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 voir le danger. Apr\u00e8s les recherches \u00e0 Munich, en Suisse et en Roumanie, Nelson a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 liquider toutes les entreprises le plus rapidement possible: certaines d'entre elles (Computplus Ltd., G2 Systems Ltd., Gamma 2000 Ltd., Gamma 2000 Waste Management Ltd., Gamma International (UK) Ltd.) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 liquid\u00e9s d\u00e9but f\u00e9vrier 2021 au moment de la r\u00e9daction de cet article[101]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'y a pas de retour en arri\u00e8re<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

14 avril 2007 : Plus d'un million de citoyens pacifiques protestent contre l'abolition de la libert\u00e9 et contre un r\u00e9gime qui a transform\u00e9 leur patrie en un enfer d'oppression, de violence et de mis\u00e8re. Une sc\u00e8ne d'humanit\u00e9 passionnante qui pourrait difficilement \u00eatre r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9e<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, cela ne change pas la substance des choses. Aujourd'hui, f\u00e9vrier 2021, le gouvernement et ses agences de renseignement dans au moins 40 pays \u00e0 travers le monde, dont la grande majorit\u00e9 est dirig\u00e9e par une dictature, ont entre les mains des logiciels qui vont non seulement au-del\u00e0 des sc\u00e9narios apocalyptiques d\u00e9crits par George Orwell, mais aussi du \"Br\u00e9sil<\/em>\" de Terry Gilliam : D\u00e9sormais, un r\u00e9gime n'a plus besoin de d\u00e9couvrir que quelqu'un pr\u00e9pare un complot pour les isoler, les torturer, les condamner et les exterminer. L'\u00c9tat peut cr\u00e9er des preuves d'un simple clic d'ordinateur, en utilisant un logiciel qui en un milli\u00e8me de seconde condamnera chacun de nous et impliquera chacun de nos proches dans notre destruction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 o\u00f9 l'ali\u00e9nation de l'individu du contexte commun a d\u00e9j\u00e0 atteint des proportions inqui\u00e9tantes, les logiciels d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s et vendus par une petite poign\u00e9e de criminels totalement inconnus du public ont permis \u00e0 l'humanit\u00e9 de s'engager sur un chemin de non-retour : celui o\u00f9 il n'y a plus rien de vrai et de v\u00e9rifiable dans lequel chacun de nous doit douter de qui est autour de nous, et m\u00eame (et plus encore) nous-m\u00eames.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La faiblesse et la superficialit\u00e9 avec lesquelles les gouvernements occidentaux (en particulier les \u00c9tats-Unis, l'Allemagne et le Royaume-Uni) ont permis \u00e0 ce logiciel d'\u00eatre distribu\u00e9 \u00e0 travers la plan\u00e8te pour des calculs purement \u00e9go\u00efstes sont impardonnables et le signe que 75 ans apr\u00e8s la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale , 30 ans apr\u00e8s la fin de la guerre froide, et la peur d'un conflit nucl\u00e9aire lorsque la nature se rebelle contre la mani\u00e8re insens\u00e9e dont nous la d\u00e9truisons, les gens ont franchi la limite ultime \u2013 ceux dans lesquels l'ennemi qui tue ne vient pas de l'ext\u00e9rieur, mais de l'int\u00e9rieur \u2013 et est inexorable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/65-in-yuzbinleri-6335051<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/6554851.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/laik-turkiye-icin-caglayan-a-6426626<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/3-miting-3-mesaj-6462629<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/izmir-rekor-bekliyor-6495436<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/turkey-used-german-spy-software-on-opposition-politicians-and-activists\/a-43787769<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/en\/content\/turkish-spy-networks-control-opponents<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-39416954<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.birgun.net\/haber\/iddia-pelikancilar-hakan-fidan-gitsin-diyor-283382<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trthaber.com\/haber\/gundem\/iletisim-baskanligi-berat-albayrakin-gorevden-af-talebi-kabul-edilmistir-529559.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/europe\/russia-accuses-president-erdogan-s-son-law-being-linked-isis-oil-trade-a6761436.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2016\/09\/turkey-redhackers-daunt-the-erdogan-family.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepressproject.gr\/exclusive-wikileaks-documents-relations-erdogan-isis-oil-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.duvarenglish.com\/sport\/2020\/02\/10\/politics-in-stadiums-fenerbahce-fans-urge-minister-albayrak-to-keep-hands-off-football<\/a> ; https:\/\/odatv4.com\/fenerbahceliler-damata-karsi-ayaga-kalkti-02022031.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Intelligence Online, \u201cHakan Fidan close to ministerial promotion<\/em>\u201d, see in 2020.11.18 Hakan Fidan Minister<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-launches-project-to-train-1-million-software-developers-154081<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> 2017.04.13 T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mill%C3%AE_%C4%B0stihbarat_Te%C5%9Fkil%C3%A2t%C4%B1#Leitung<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> Hakan Fidan on Nexis, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/t24.com.tr\/haber\/adanada-3-tir-durduruldu-arama-yapiliyor,248707<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> 1000 colpi di mortaio, 1000 colpi di artiglieria, 50\u2019000 fucili d'assalto e 30\u2019000 munizioni per mitragliatrice \u2013 see in https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529223636\/http:\/\/www.aktifhaber.com\/devlet-sirri-denilen-mit-tirlari-ile-ilgili-tapeler-1053377h.htm#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.haber7.com\/guncel\/haber\/1121773-mit-tirlari-neden-durduruldu ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aljazeera.com.tr\/haber\/mit-tirlari-boyle-durduruldu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/bianet.org\/bianet\/insan-haklari\/155519-tir-lari-durdurmakla-suclanan-13-askere-muebbet-istendi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milliyet.com.tr\/gundem\/mit-tirlari-olayinda-yeni-gelisme-5-savci-gorevden-uzaklastirildi-1999064<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/erdogandan-canli-yayinda-can-dundara-tehdit-288885<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.faz.net\/aktuell\/politik\/ausland\/europa\/tuerkei\/tuerkei-kampf-gegen-die-soldaten-des-lichts-12715816.html?printPagedArticle=true#pageIndex_3<\/a> ; https:\/\/taz.de\/Wie-Guelen-zum-Staatsfeind-Nr-1-wurde\/!5323191\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2021\/02\/03\/son-dakika-istihbarattaki-fetocu-generalden-bomba-itiraflar-tegmen-rutbemi-fetullah-gulen-takti<\/a> ; https:\/\/tr.sputniknews.com\/turkiye\/202001211041211454-sozcu-ilker-basbugu-cezaevine-attiran-feto-mektubunu-acikliyoruz\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.genios.de\/presse-archiv\/artikel\/FAZ\/20171111\/jagd-auf-die-guelenisten\/FR1201711115279571.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nadir.org\/nadir\/initiativ\/isku\/hintergrund\/geheimdienste\/geheim994.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/tuerkischer-geheimdienst-liess-erdogan-gegner-in-deutschland-ausspionieren\/12027820.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article157778863\/Erdogans-Agenten-bedrohen-Tuerken-in-Deutschland.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html ;  https:\/\/www.derstandard.at\/story\/1397522175727\/geheimdienst-staat-tuerkei<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2020\/09\/turkey-austria-spy-nehammer-kurdish-clashes-protests-vienna.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/austria-turkey-espionage-int-idUSKBN25S4R5<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/10\/13\/world\/europe\/turkey-austria-erdogan-assassin.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/global-europe\/news\/flemish-minister-turkish-sponosred-mosque-is-nest-of-spies\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/07\/06\/influenced-by-gulenists-belgium-targets-turkish-mosques-fighting-extremism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/erdogan-critics-listed-by-turkish-embassy-in-prague-were-included-in-bogus-terrorism-probe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turk-greek-ties-strained-by-arson-row-10324<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-greece-germany-spying\/greek-police-arrest-german-on-suspicion-of-spying-idUSBRE97208820130803<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kathimerini.gr\/society\/896001\/istories-me-kataskopoys-sto-aigaio\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.larissanet.gr\/2019\/06\/21\/dikazetai-sti-rodo-kataskopos-tis-tourkias\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/ahvalnews.com\/mit\/turkish-intelligence-recruits-eu-retirees-spy-greece<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/04\/turkish-intelligence-operations-targeting-critics-in-greece-exposed-in-secret-documents\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/intelnews.org\/2016\/12\/09\/01-2023\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/more-secret-documents-confirming-vast-turkish-espionage-activities-in-greece-uncovered\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.skai.gr\/news\/greece\/dyo-syllipseis-ellinon-gia-kataskopeia-sti-rodo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-kosovo-security-turkey-idUSKBN1H70CC<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/opinion\/murat-yetkin\/turkish-intelligence-unveils-secret-codes-used-before-coup-attempt-103843<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2018\/09\/turkish-teachers-detained-moldova-gulen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/balkaninsight.com\/2018\/09\/06\/six-turkish-professors-detained-by-moldovan-secret-services-09-06-2018\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/turkeypurge.com\/turkey-spying-imams-active-also-in-norway<\/a> ; https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/turkeys-autocratic-president-erdogans-spying-profiling-expands-in-norway\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/kafila.org\/www-matthewaid-com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/report-sweden-launches-espionage-probe-into-turkish-govt-representatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/politics\/undiplomatic_swiss-eye-alleged-turkish-kidnapping-attempt\/43973170 ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/swiss-foreign-minister-warns-turkey-against-illegal-spying-111199 ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/eu-affairs\/2017\/05\/01\/as-anti-turkish-politics-grip-europe-turkish-swiss-policeman-arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-brings-key-feto-suspect-from-ukraine-to-turkey-134608<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.meforum.org\/60976\/turkish-spy-agency-mit-intelligence-gathering-australia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-court\/egypt-detains-29-people-on-suspicion-of-espionage-for-turkey-idUSKBN1DM1AN<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/33764\/In-Pictures-Egypt-foils-Turkish-espionage-attempt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-agency-brings-three-feto-members-from-gabon-to-turkey-130050<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/turkey\/turkish-intelligence-agency-rescues-a-kidnapped-italian-citizen-in-kenya-36192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20190807-libyan-national-army-turkish-intelligence-is-operating-in-tripoli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/11\/27\/senior-feto-figure-captured-by-turkish-intelligence-in-sudan\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Atelier avec les d\u00e9put\u00e9s europ\u00e9ens sur la guerre au Y\u00e9men et les d\u00e9veloppements r\u00e9cents, y compris les crimes de guerre et la responsabilit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Flyer<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Atelier avec des d\u00e9put\u00e9s sur la guerre au Y\u00e9men","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"workshop-with-meps-on-yemen-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4296","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3982,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-08 21:53:36","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-08 21:53:36","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

14 avril 2007 : Devant le mausol\u00e9e \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire du p\u00e8re de la patrie, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, le peuple turc descend dans la rue pour r\u00e9clamer la la\u00efcit\u00e9, la libert\u00e9, la d\u00e9mocratie, la paix, le progr\u00e8s et la prosp\u00e9rit\u00e9. Ensuite, il manifeste contre le r\u00e9gime corrompu et incomp\u00e9tent de Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan qui offre mis\u00e8re, corruption, fondamentalisme religieux, suppression violente de toutes les libert\u00e9s et g\u00e9nocide contre les minorit\u00e9s ethniques. Il y a des centaines de milliers de personnes qui demandent pacifiquement une nouvelle Turquie et n'obtiennent que violence et pers\u00e9cution. Selon la presse nationale, les manifestants \u00e9taient plus d'un million et demi de personnes[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis, la strat\u00e9gie du r\u00e9gime est claire : supprimer toute protestation, critique, mauvaise humeur, journal ou blog, quiconque est capable d'organiser une nouvelle foule pour montrer au monde ce qu'est la Turquie aujourd'hui. Et quand Erdo\u011fan s'est rendu compte qu'il n'y avait pas de leaders de la contestation, mais plut\u00f4t un d\u00e9sespoir g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9, exhortant les individus \u00e0 appeler d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9ment \u00e0 l'aide[2]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 probablement \u00e0 un monde occidental aveugle et opportuniste \u2013 la strat\u00e9gie a \u00e9t\u00e9 affin\u00e9e et une nouvelle op\u00e9ration de pers\u00e9cution individuelle mise en place. Quelque chose de jamais vu auparavant qui surmonte la r\u00e9pression bureaucratique des nazis parce qu'il utilise une technologie que (heureusement) Adolf Hitler et ses hi\u00e9rarchies n'ont jamais eu \u00e0 leur disposition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'op\u00e9ration consiste \u00e0 \u00e9couter tous les t\u00e9l\u00e9phones portables en Turquie, \u00e0 espionner leurs contacts, \u00e0 lire les \u00e9changes de messages, \u00e0 ins\u00e9rer de fausses donn\u00e9es et conversations pour identifier les m\u00e9contents et \u00e0 cr\u00e9er sur leurs appareils de fausses preuves de leur participation \u00e0 un complot terroriste[3]<\/sup><\/a>. Une op\u00e9ration de cynisme et de brutalit\u00e9, \u00e0 la fois physique et psychologique, qui va bien au-del\u00e0 des cauchemars que George Orwell a racont\u00e9s dans ses romans sur l'apocalypse sociale. Quand Erdo\u011fan s'est rendu compte que cela ne suffirait pas, le dictateur a \u00e9largi l'audition et la falsification des communications \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, dans des pays comme la Gr\u00e8ce, l'Australie ou l'Allemagne, o\u00f9 vivent des milliers de Turcs qui ont fui leur patrie[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le cauchemar du contr\u00f4le \u00e9lectronique total<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hakan Fidan (\u00e0 gauche), Bayrat Albarak (au centre) et Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan (\u00e0 droite), les directeurs de la terreur t\u00e9l\u00e9matique d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par le gouvernement d'Ankara<\/sub><\/strong>[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'op\u00e9ration est dirig\u00e9e par Hakan Fidan, un ami proche d'Erdo\u011fan et chef du service de renseignement turc (MIT \u2013 Mill\u00ee \u0130stihbarat Te\u015fkil\u00e2t\u0131) : c'est un sergent qui, apr\u00e8s avoir rencontr\u00e9 le futur dictateur, a suivi sa carri\u00e8re de chef de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 personnelle puis progressivement atteint un cadre d'espionnage militaire, au point qu'en novembre 2020, suite \u00e0 la d\u00e9mission du gendre d'Erdo\u011fan, Berat Albayrak[6]<\/sup><\/a> (qui a financ\u00e9 l'EI dans le cadre de sa coop\u00e9ration avec l'Irak[7]<\/sup><\/a>, ainsi que sa participation au scandale de la manipulation des r\u00e9sultats de la Ligue turque de football a eu des ennuis)[8]<\/sup><\/a>, il est devenu le principal candidat \u00e0 la fonction du nouveau ministre des Finances[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Albayrak n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi pour ses comp\u00e9tences en \u00e9conomie, mais parce qu'il est le coordinateur de tout un projet de contr\u00f4le t\u00e9l\u00e9matique, pour lequel le r\u00e9gime, apr\u00e8s avoir form\u00e9 un million de hackers d'\u00c9tat, contr\u00f4lera toutes les transactions \u00e9conomiques de chaque entreprise et de chaque citoyen[10]<\/sup><\/a> : officiellement pour emp\u00eacher l\u2019\u00e9vasion fiscale. Le fait que Hakan Fidan soit \u00e0 la t\u00eate de ce nouveau minist\u00e8re depuis janvier 2021 rend tout clair et simple.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdo\u011fan a depuis transform\u00e9 le bureau du Premier ministre en une agence gouvernementale enregistr\u00e9e[11]<\/sup><\/a> qui contr\u00f4le certains consulats turcs \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger \u2013 comme Atlanta, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, Washington DC (USA), Burnaby (Canada) et Rabat (Maroc)[12]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 et de bien s\u00fbr le MIT[13]<\/sup><\/a> aussi. Dans chacune de ces agences, Hakan Fidan joue le r\u00f4le de directeur ex\u00e9cutif[14]<\/sup><\/a>. Peut-\u00eatre parce que le MIT n'est pas seulement actif en Turquie, mais partout dans le monde ...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le 19 janvier 2014, la gendarmerie turque a bloqu\u00e9 deux camions \u00e0 destination de la Syrie qui \u00e9taient pleins d'armes[15]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 des armes destin\u00e9es \u00e0 aider l'arm\u00e9e du califat (EI)[16]<\/sup><\/a> transport\u00e9es par des agents du MIT[17]<\/sup><\/a>. Erdo\u011fan a d'abord affirm\u00e9 qu'il s'agissait d'une aide humanitaire[18]<\/sup><\/a>, mais certains journalistes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 filmer le camion et le mensonge a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9couvert. R\u00e9sultat : les 13 gendarmes qui ont arr\u00eat\u00e9 les camions ont \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 de longues peines de prison[19]<\/sup><\/a> ; Les juges d'instruction ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9mis de leurs fonctions et inculp\u00e9s[20]<\/sup><\/a> ; les journalistes impliqu\u00e9s dans l'enregistrement ou la publication des informations ont \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 cinq ans de prison[21]<\/sup><\/a>. La police a re\u00e7u de nouveaux ordres : n'emp\u00eachez jamais les v\u00e9hicules du MIT d'aller \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'une des t\u00e2ches du MIT est de combattre la secte Hizmet et son pr\u00e9dicateur Fethullah G\u00fclen (en tapant sur les t\u00e9l\u00e9phones et Internet, en traquant, en enlevant, en torturant, en assassinant[22]<\/sup><\/a>) en Turquie et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger[23]<\/sup><\/a>. Cependant, la t\u00e2che principale du MIT est de combattre les opposants \u00e0 l'ext\u00e9rieur du pays. Environ 500 responsables du MIT et plus de 6000 informateurs sont actifs en Allemagne \u2013 une structure encore plus grande et plus puissante que STASI \u00e0 l'\u00e9poque de la RDA[24]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 dont le but n'est pas seulement d'observer et de signaler les citoyens turcs qui ont \u00e9migr\u00e9 en Europe, mais aussi d'intervenir physiquement[25]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'un des objectifs du MIT est d'intercepter les communications pour cr\u00e9er des preuves fictives contre les critiques du r\u00e9gime d'Ankara et pour justifier leur enl\u00e8vement et leur torture[26]<\/sup><\/a>. Une strat\u00e9gie que le MIT poursuit \u00e9galement dans plusieurs autres pays du monde \u2013 par exemple en Autriche[27]<\/sup><\/a>, Belgique[28]<\/sup><\/a>, R\u00e9publique tch\u00e8que[29]<\/sup><\/a>, France[30]<\/sup><\/a>, Gr\u00e8ce[31]<\/sup><\/a>, Kosovo[32]<\/sup><\/a>, Lituanie[33]<\/sup><\/a>, Moldavie[34]<\/sup><\/a>, Norv\u00e8ge[35]<\/sup><\/a>, Serbie[36]<\/sup><\/a>, Su\u00e8de[37]<\/sup><\/a>, Suisse[38]<\/sup><\/a>, Ukraine[39]<\/sup><\/a>, Royaume-Uni[40]<\/sup><\/a> , Australie[41]<\/sup><\/a>, \u00c9gypte[42]<\/sup><\/a>, Gabon[43]<\/sup><\/a>, Kenya[44]<\/sup><\/a>, Libye[45]<\/sup><\/a>, Soudan[46]<\/sup><\/a>, \u00c9tats-Unis[47]<\/sup><\/a>, Arm\u00e9nie[48]<\/sup><\/a>, Azerba\u00efdjan[49]<\/sup><\/a>, G\u00e9orgie[50]<\/sup><\/a>, Irak[51]<\/sup><\/a>, Malaisie[52]<\/sup><\/a>, Mongolie[53]<\/sup><\/a>, Pakistan[54]<\/sup><\/a> et Syrie, o\u00f9 le gouvernement turc se bat avec sa propre arm\u00e9e et soutient l'EI[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Technologie allemande pour le tortionnaire d'Erdo\u011fan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Comment fonctionne l'application FishSpy de FinFisher GmbH \u00e0 Munich \u2013 le c\u0153ur battant du syst\u00e8me d'espionnage turc du MIT<\/sub><\/strong>[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le syst\u00e8me complexe de contr\u00f4le, de piratage, d'interception et de falsification n\u00e9cessaire pour surveiller des millions de personnes n'est pas un jouet. Des ONG de toute l'Europe recherchent qui a d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 une telle technologie et l'a trouv\u00e9e en Allemagne \u2013 elle s'appelle FinSpy et est produite par trois soci\u00e9t\u00e9s du groupe Gamma International : FinFisher GmbH Munich, FinFisher Labs GmbH Munich et Elaman GmbH Munich. Quatre organisations ont pu le prouver \u00e0 la justice allemande[57]<\/sup><\/a> : Reporters sans fronti\u00e8res de Berlin (actif dans toute l'Europe, principalement pr\u00e9occup\u00e9 par la libert\u00e9 de la presse[58]<\/sup><\/a>), GFF Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Freiheitsrechte de Berlin (tr\u00e8s active dans la surveillance des activit\u00e9s ill\u00e9gales du BND et d'autres services secrets allemands[59]<\/sup><\/a>), Netzpolitik.org \u00e0 Berlin (un journal en ligne[60]<\/sup><\/a>) et le Centre europ\u00e9en pour la Constitution et les droits de l'homme \u00e0 Berlin[61]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le parquet de Munich lance une enqu\u00eate p\u00e9nale sur la base des preuves pr\u00e9sent\u00e9es par ces ONG : les entreprises bavaroises susmentionn\u00e9es ont viol\u00e9 la loi sur le commerce ext\u00e9rieur[62]<\/sup><\/a> sur au moins six points et ont non seulement vendu FinSpy \u00e0 la Turquie, mais aussi aux gouvernements de nombreux autres pays, y compris Bahre\u00efn, l'\u00c9gypte, l'\u00c9thiopie, la Libye, le Kazakhstan, l'Arabie saoudite et le Venezuela[63]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 tous des pays qui soul\u00e8vent de graves pr\u00e9occupations quant \u00e0 la nature d\u00e9mocratique du syst\u00e8me politique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enqu\u00eate a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que ces trois soci\u00e9t\u00e9s n'en \u00e9taient qu'\u00e0 l'origine une, Gamma International UK Ltd. Winchester, contre qui une enqu\u00eate ouverte en 2013 par les autorit\u00e9s judiciaires britanniques[64]<\/sup><\/a> a \u00e9t\u00e9 bloqu\u00e9e, qui aurait mis l'entreprise sur la liste noire de l'OCDE[65]<\/sup><\/a> fin 2016 \u2013 une mesure qui interdit \u00e0 quiconque dans le monde de faire affaire avec ce groupe industriel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enqu\u00eate britannique s'est limit\u00e9e \u00e0 l'analyse de la vente de FinSpy \u00e0 Bahre\u00efn, tandis que l'enqu\u00eate allemande, accompagn\u00e9e d'un grand nombre de t\u00e9moignages de victimes de la terreur du r\u00e9gime d'Erdo\u011fan en Turquie et \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger, va beaucoup plus loin et constate que FinSpy a \u00e9t\u00e9 vendu ill\u00e9galement dans 36 pays[66]<\/sup><\/a>, il y a d'\u00e9normes centres de stockage de donn\u00e9es dans 11 pays[67]<\/sup><\/a>, de sorte qu'on soup\u00e7onne maintenant qu'il y a beaucoup d'autres crimes cach\u00e9s derri\u00e8re les faits connus[68]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est pourquoi le parquet de Munich a ordonn\u00e9 une perquisition des locaux de la capitale bavaroise, mais aussi de la branche roumaine du groupe Gamma International[69]<\/sup><\/a>, en octobre 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il est presque impossible de se d\u00e9fendre contre FinSpy : le malware s'installe avec de fausses mises \u00e0 jour d\u00e9guis\u00e9es en officielles, via des e-mails avec de fausses pi\u00e8ces jointes ou \u00e0 travers des failles de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans le logiciel \u2013 comme Avira[70]<\/sup><\/a> ou iTunes d'Apple \u2013 et ensuite via les fausses plates-formes du principaux moteurs de recherche, installations Mac et Linux[71]<\/sup><\/a>, programmes de messagerie \u00e9lectronique, r\u00e9seaux sociaux, sites Web pour les achats en ligne[72]<\/sup><\/a>. L\u00e0 o\u00f9 le malware de Gamma International ne parvient pas, celui de l'\u00e9quipe de piratage de David Vincenzetti[73]<\/sup><\/a> est l\u00e0[74]<\/sup><\/a>. Mais cette soci\u00e9t\u00e9 n'est plus l\u00e0, Gamma l'a surpass\u00e9e, ses fondateurs sont r\u00e9partis dans de nombreuses petites entreprises[75]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui se cache derri\u00e8re les poup\u00e9es Matriochka?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

En 2015, le Citizen Lab Institute de Toronto avait identifi\u00e9 35 pays qui utilisaient ill\u00e9galement les applications du groupe Gamma \/ FinFisher<\/sub><\/strong>[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'enqu\u00eate du parquet de Munich laisse un go\u00fbt un peu amer dans la bouche: comment est-il possible qu'une plainte de quatre ONG ait \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9cessaire pour enqu\u00eate ? Il est logique que le soup\u00e7on d'hypocrisie surgisse, surtout en sachant que les services secrets allemands (BND) avaient d\u00e9cern\u00e9 \u00e0 Stephan Oelkers de Gamma International les Big Brother Awards en 2012, car Gamma \u00e9tait \u00ab la meilleure entreprise au monde intrusion de syst\u00e8mes informatiques et installation de logiciels de surveillance<\/em> (...) Gamma propose ses services sur son site Internet \u2013 bien que le d\u00e9veloppement et la distribution de ce type de logiciel espion soient interdits par le droit p\u00e9nal allemand (Par. 282c StGB). Cependant, cela ne s'applique qu'aux clients priv\u00e9s, pas aux ventes aux autorit\u00e9s nationales ou \u00e0 la police secr\u00e8te d'une dictature \u00e9trang\u00e8re. C'est la raison pour laquelle le parquet de Munich a refus\u00e9 d'engager une proc\u00e9dure p\u00e9nale contre Gamma<\/em> \u00bb[77]<\/sup><\/a>. En bref : tout le monde savait tout, mais il y a huit ans, le procureur de Munich pensait que c'\u00e9tait une bagatelle tant que cette technologie monstrueuse \u00e9tait utilis\u00e9e par les dictatures pour opprimer leur propre peuple.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour \u00eatre pr\u00e9cis, nous en savons beaucoup sur les activit\u00e9s ill\u00e9gales de ce groupe depuis 1973 (lorsque les ordinateurs \u00e9taient des jouets et que l'espionnage consistait \u00e0 infiltrer des hommes louches dans des salles secr\u00e8tes \u00e0 l'aide d'un appareil microfilmant des documents interdits) de personnes dispers\u00e9es dans la campagne anglaise, dans le port de Hambourg, dans la capitale bavaroise ou dans les bidonvilles du Cap Town. L'histoire commence par un c\u00e2ble que l'ambassade am\u00e9ricaine \u00e0 Bonn a envoy\u00e9 aux autorit\u00e9s f\u00e9d\u00e9rales \u2013 un message signalant les activit\u00e9s suspectes d'un d\u00e9taillant d'\u00e9lectronique n\u00e9erlandais bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Hambourg, Peter Kluever[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La CIA d\u00e9cide d'investir dans cet homme, tout comme l'arm\u00e9e allemande. En 1981, ses deux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s PK Electronics et PKI Electronic Intelligence GmbH avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 des contrats avec le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. En 1983, le prince h\u00e9ritier d'Arabie saoudite, Abdullah Ibn Nasir IBn Abd al-Asis Al Sa'ud, visite Hambourg et les g\u00e9n\u00e9raux allemands lui montrent les effets de l'utilisation de la technologie Kluever sur l'efficacit\u00e9 et la cadence de tir des chars L\u00e9opard \u2013 qui le gouvernement de Moved Riyadh pour acqu\u00e9rir cette technologie[79]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 1987, Oelkers s'est envol\u00e9 pour P\u00e9kin pour une d\u00e9monstration de ses nouvelles puces et a ravi les g\u00e9n\u00e9raux chinois qui sont devenus une partie de sa client\u00e8le[80]<\/sup><\/a>. Dans le cadre des accords sign\u00e9s avec les \u00c9tats-Unis, \u00e0 partir de 1985, Kluever a vendu une technologie d'espionnage am\u00e9ricaine tr\u00e8s moderne (d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e par l'Ocean Applied Research Corporation \u00e0 San Diego[81]<\/sup><\/a> et distribu\u00e9e par le groupe CompuDyne Corporation en Pennsylvanie[82]<\/sup><\/a>) \u00e0 Muhammar Ghaddafi en Libye, \u00e0 Hafiz Al -Assad en Syrie, \u00e0 Haji Mohammad Suharto en Indon\u00e9sie \u2013 les trois pr\u00e9sidents l'utilisent pour intercepter les appels t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques et les \u00e9missions radio des opposants, des arm\u00e9es \u00e9trang\u00e8res et des groupes rebelles[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En vieillissant, Kluever vendra son entreprise (le PK Electronics Group \u00e0 Hambourg) \u00e0 deux ing\u00e9nieurs, l'Allemand Stephan Oelkers et l'Anglais William Louthean Nelson. Ce dernier avait commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 diriger le bureau de P\u00e9kin en 1985 et avait cr\u00e9\u00e9 sa propre soci\u00e9t\u00e9, Personal Protection Products Ltd. Hong Kong[84]<\/sup><\/a>, en 1992, qui jusqu'en 1994, via sa filiale de Hull[85]<\/sup><\/a>, vendait des dispositifs d'\u00e9coute utilis\u00e9s par les services secrets britanniques pour combattre l'IRA en Ulster[86]<\/sup><\/a>. Lorsque Kluever prendra sa retraite, PK Electronics sera transmis \u00e0 William Nelson et \u00e0 son fils Louthean John Alexander Nelson, les fondateurs du groupe Gamma International[87]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Le sch\u00e9ma des participations du Groupe Gamma International ainsi que des personnes et soci\u00e9t\u00e9s associ\u00e9es \u2013 \u00a9 IBI World Ltd. London<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une nouvelle \u00e8re commence dans laquelle les anciennes \u00e9coutes t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques seront bient\u00f4t surmont\u00e9es et oubli\u00e9es. Le jeune Louthean commence \u00e0 travailler avec Niels J\u00f8rgen Tobiasen et ses deux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s : The CBRN Team Ltd. Londres[88]<\/sup><\/a> et The Phoenix Hazard Training Ltd. Darlington[89]<\/sup><\/a>. C'est une op\u00e9ration industrielle qui est n\u00e9e d'un contrat de fourniture d'armes chimiques, biologiques, radiologiques et nucl\u00e9aires \u00e0 l'Ouganda[90]<\/sup><\/a> qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9goci\u00e9 avec un membre du gouvernement, Ananias Tumukunde, qui avait accept\u00e9 un pot-de-vin de 40000 \u00a3[91]<\/sup><\/a>. Une op\u00e9ration qui s'est termin\u00e9e par l'arrestation de Tumukunde \u00e0 Kampala et de Tobiasen \u00e0 Londres en juillet 2007[92]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au cours de ces ann\u00e9es, Louthean Nelson a \u00e9galement tent\u00e9 de faciliter une collaboration avec l'\u00e9quipe de piratage de David Vincenzetti : avec l'un des meilleurs hackers du groupe milanais, Alberto Pelliccione, Nelson a essay\u00e9 apr\u00e8s un certain temps de trouver un syst\u00e8me pour pirater les appareils Nokia \u2013 mais Pelliccione change d\u2019avis quand il d\u00e9couvre que Nelson a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 livrer des armes aux pays touch\u00e9s par les sanctions internationales par l'interm\u00e9diaire d'une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qui a maintenant \u00e9t\u00e9 liquid\u00e9e, Cyan Engineering Services SAL Beirut[93]<\/sup><\/a>. Quelque chose avec lequel Pelliccione ne veut rien avoir \u00e0 voir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'entreprise suivante est peut-\u00eatre encore plus \u00e9tonnante : Nelson fonde Elaman et d\u00e9localise certaines activit\u00e9s en Suisse[94]<\/sup><\/a> parce qu'il fait de nouveau affaire avec l'ancien partenaire de son p\u00e8re, Stephan Oelkers. Oelkers a convaincu Nelson de d\u00e9placer son centre d'op\u00e9rations de Hambourg \u00e0 Munich et d'accepter un nouveau partenaire, Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt. Cela devrait travailler avec les services secrets autrichiens[95]<\/sup><\/a> et tenter de reprendre la station de Bad Aibling \u00e0 la NSA (American Military Intelligence)[96]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C'est une tentation imposante et extr\u00eamement symbolique : la station d'interception de Bad Aibling est n\u00e9e en 1936 comme a\u00e9roport militaire et centre radar de la Luftwaffe, et \u00e0 la fin de la guerre, l'arm\u00e9e am\u00e9ricaine l'a convertie en camp de transit pour les prisonniers de guerre lib\u00e9r\u00e9s et victimes des camps de concentration nationaux-socialistes. Un camp de concentration tr\u00e8s c\u00e9l\u00e8bre que les \u00e9crivains G\u00fcnther Grass et Joseph Ratzinger (le futur pape Beno\u00eet XVI)[97]<\/sup><\/a> ont travers\u00e9. De 1952 jusqu'\u00e0 la fermeture, demand\u00e9e par l'Union europ\u00e9enne en 2001 et r\u00e9alis\u00e9e en 2004 (officiellement, puisque l'installation \u00e9tait toujours en activit\u00e9 en 2013[98]<\/sup><\/a>), la NSA de Bad Aibling a assembl\u00e9 ses syst\u00e8mes Echelon[99]<\/sup><\/a> pour intercepter les communications t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques du plan\u00e8te enti\u00e8re[100]<\/sup><\/a>. La prise de contr\u00f4le de la station NSA aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 la cons\u00e9cration de Nelson et de ses employ\u00e9s \u00e0 une entreprise d'importance mondiale et au pouvoir presque illimit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les n\u00e9gociations n'\u00e9taient pas termin\u00e9es lorsque FinFisher a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 vendre son FinSpy \u00e0 la Turquie et le monde entier a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 voir le danger. Apr\u00e8s les recherches \u00e0 Munich, en Suisse et en Roumanie, Nelson a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 liquider toutes les entreprises le plus rapidement possible: certaines d'entre elles (Computplus Ltd., G2 Systems Ltd., Gamma 2000 Ltd., Gamma 2000 Waste Management Ltd., Gamma International (UK) Ltd.) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 liquid\u00e9s d\u00e9but f\u00e9vrier 2021 au moment de la r\u00e9daction de cet article[101]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il n'y a pas de retour en arri\u00e8re<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

14 avril 2007 : Plus d'un million de citoyens pacifiques protestent contre l'abolition de la libert\u00e9 et contre un r\u00e9gime qui a transform\u00e9 leur patrie en un enfer d'oppression, de violence et de mis\u00e8re. Une sc\u00e8ne d'humanit\u00e9 passionnante qui pourrait difficilement \u00eatre r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9e<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, cela ne change pas la substance des choses. Aujourd'hui, f\u00e9vrier 2021, le gouvernement et ses agences de renseignement dans au moins 40 pays \u00e0 travers le monde, dont la grande majorit\u00e9 est dirig\u00e9e par une dictature, ont entre les mains des logiciels qui vont non seulement au-del\u00e0 des sc\u00e9narios apocalyptiques d\u00e9crits par George Orwell, mais aussi du \"Br\u00e9sil<\/em>\" de Terry Gilliam : D\u00e9sormais, un r\u00e9gime n'a plus besoin de d\u00e9couvrir que quelqu'un pr\u00e9pare un complot pour les isoler, les torturer, les condamner et les exterminer. L'\u00c9tat peut cr\u00e9er des preuves d'un simple clic d'ordinateur, en utilisant un logiciel qui en un milli\u00e8me de seconde condamnera chacun de nous et impliquera chacun de nos proches dans notre destruction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 o\u00f9 l'ali\u00e9nation de l'individu du contexte commun a d\u00e9j\u00e0 atteint des proportions inqui\u00e9tantes, les logiciels d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s et vendus par une petite poign\u00e9e de criminels totalement inconnus du public ont permis \u00e0 l'humanit\u00e9 de s'engager sur un chemin de non-retour : celui o\u00f9 il n'y a plus rien de vrai et de v\u00e9rifiable dans lequel chacun de nous doit douter de qui est autour de nous, et m\u00eame (et plus encore) nous-m\u00eames.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La faiblesse et la superficialit\u00e9 avec lesquelles les gouvernements occidentaux (en particulier les \u00c9tats-Unis, l'Allemagne et le Royaume-Uni) ont permis \u00e0 ce logiciel d'\u00eatre distribu\u00e9 \u00e0 travers la plan\u00e8te pour des calculs purement \u00e9go\u00efstes sont impardonnables et le signe que 75 ans apr\u00e8s la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale , 30 ans apr\u00e8s la fin de la guerre froide, et la peur d'un conflit nucl\u00e9aire lorsque la nature se rebelle contre la mani\u00e8re insens\u00e9e dont nous la d\u00e9truisons, les gens ont franchi la limite ultime \u2013 ceux dans lesquels l'ennemi qui tue ne vient pas de l'ext\u00e9rieur, mais de l'int\u00e9rieur \u2013 et est inexorable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/65-in-yuzbinleri-6335051<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/6554851.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/laik-turkiye-icin-caglayan-a-6426626<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/3-miting-3-mesaj-6462629<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/gundem\/izmir-rekor-bekliyor-6495436<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/turkey-used-german-spy-software-on-opposition-politicians-and-activists\/a-43787769<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/en\/content\/turkish-spy-networks-control-opponents<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-39416954<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.birgun.net\/haber\/iddia-pelikancilar-hakan-fidan-gitsin-diyor-283382<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trthaber.com\/haber\/gundem\/iletisim-baskanligi-berat-albayrakin-gorevden-af-talebi-kabul-edilmistir-529559.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/europe\/russia-accuses-president-erdogan-s-son-law-being-linked-isis-oil-trade-a6761436.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2016\/09\/turkey-redhackers-daunt-the-erdogan-family.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepressproject.gr\/exclusive-wikileaks-documents-relations-erdogan-isis-oil-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.duvarenglish.com\/sport\/2020\/02\/10\/politics-in-stadiums-fenerbahce-fans-urge-minister-albayrak-to-keep-hands-off-football<\/a> ; https:\/\/odatv4.com\/fenerbahceliler-damata-karsi-ayaga-kalkti-02022031.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Intelligence Online, \u201cHakan Fidan close to ministerial promotion<\/em>\u201d, see in 2020.11.18 Hakan Fidan Minister<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-launches-project-to-train-1-million-software-developers-154081<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> 2017.04.13 T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mill%C3%AE_%C4%B0stihbarat_Te%C5%9Fkil%C3%A2t%C4%B1#Leitung<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> Hakan Fidan on Nexis, pages 57-60<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/t24.com.tr\/haber\/adanada-3-tir-durduruldu-arama-yapiliyor,248707<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> 1000 colpi di mortaio, 1000 colpi di artiglieria, 50\u2019000 fucili d'assalto e 30\u2019000 munizioni per mitragliatrice \u2013 see in https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529223636\/http:\/\/www.aktifhaber.com\/devlet-sirri-denilen-mit-tirlari-ile-ilgili-tapeler-1053377h.htm#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.haber7.com\/guncel\/haber\/1121773-mit-tirlari-neden-durduruldu ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150529062123\/http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/287071\/iste_Erdogan_in_yok_dedigi_silahlar.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> http:\/\/www.aljazeera.com.tr\/haber\/mit-tirlari-boyle-durduruldu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/bianet.org\/bianet\/insan-haklari\/155519-tir-lari-durdurmakla-suclanan-13-askere-muebbet-istendi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.milliyet.com.tr\/gundem\/mit-tirlari-olayinda-yeni-gelisme-5-savci-gorevden-uzaklastirildi-1999064<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/erdogandan-canli-yayinda-can-dundara-tehdit-288885<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.faz.net\/aktuell\/politik\/ausland\/europa\/tuerkei\/tuerkei-kampf-gegen-die-soldaten-des-lichts-12715816.html?printPagedArticle=true#pageIndex_3<\/a> ; https:\/\/taz.de\/Wie-Guelen-zum-Staatsfeind-Nr-1-wurde\/!5323191\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2021\/02\/03\/son-dakika-istihbarattaki-fetocu-generalden-bomba-itiraflar-tegmen-rutbemi-fetullah-gulen-takti<\/a> ; https:\/\/tr.sputniknews.com\/turkiye\/202001211041211454-sozcu-ilker-basbugu-cezaevine-attiran-feto-mektubunu-acikliyoruz\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.genios.de\/presse-archiv\/artikel\/FAZ\/20171111\/jagd-auf-die-guelenisten\/FR1201711115279571.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nadir.org\/nadir\/initiativ\/isku\/hintergrund\/geheimdienste\/geheim994.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/tuerkischer-geheimdienst-liess-erdogan-gegner-in-deutschland-ausspionieren\/12027820.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article157778863\/Erdogans-Agenten-bedrohen-Tuerken-in-Deutschland.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zdf.de\/politik\/frontal-21\/die-verschleppten-100.html ;  https:\/\/www.derstandard.at\/story\/1397522175727\/geheimdienst-staat-tuerkei<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2020\/09\/turkey-austria-spy-nehammer-kurdish-clashes-protests-vienna.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/austria-turkey-espionage-int-idUSKBN25S4R5<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/10\/13\/world\/europe\/turkey-austria-erdogan-assassin.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/global-europe\/news\/flemish-minister-turkish-sponosred-mosque-is-nest-of-spies\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/07\/06\/influenced-by-gulenists-belgium-targets-turkish-mosques-fighting-extremism<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/erdogan-critics-listed-by-turkish-embassy-in-prague-were-included-in-bogus-terrorism-probe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turk-greek-ties-strained-by-arson-row-10324<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-greece-germany-spying\/greek-police-arrest-german-on-suspicion-of-spying-idUSBRE97208820130803<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kathimerini.gr\/society\/896001\/istories-me-kataskopoys-sto-aigaio\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.larissanet.gr\/2019\/06\/21\/dikazetai-sti-rodo-kataskopos-tis-tourkias\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/ahvalnews.com\/mit\/turkish-intelligence-recruits-eu-retirees-spy-greece<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/04\/turkish-intelligence-operations-targeting-critics-in-greece-exposed-in-secret-documents\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/intelnews.org\/2016\/12\/09\/01-2023\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2020\/08\/more-secret-documents-confirming-vast-turkish-espionage-activities-in-greece-uncovered\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.skai.gr\/news\/greece\/dyo-syllipseis-ellinon-gia-kataskopeia-sti-rodo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-kosovo-security-turkey-idUSKBN1H70CC<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/opinion\/murat-yetkin\/turkish-intelligence-unveils-secret-codes-used-before-coup-attempt-103843<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2018\/09\/turkish-teachers-detained-moldova-gulen.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/balkaninsight.com\/2018\/09\/06\/six-turkish-professors-detained-by-moldovan-secret-services-09-06-2018\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/turkeypurge.com\/turkey-spying-imams-active-also-in-norway<\/a> ; https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/turkeys-autocratic-president-erdogans-spying-profiling-expands-in-norway\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/kafila.org\/www-matthewaid-com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/report-sweden-launches-espionage-probe-into-turkish-govt-representatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/politics\/undiplomatic_swiss-eye-alleged-turkish-kidnapping-attempt\/43973170 ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/swiss-foreign-minister-warns-turkey-against-illegal-spying-111199 ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/eu-affairs\/2017\/05\/01\/as-anti-turkish-politics-grip-europe-turkish-swiss-policeman-arrested<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-brings-key-feto-suspect-from-ukraine-to-turkey-134608<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/turkey-murder-london-unsolved-mehmet-kaygisiz-government-security-services-agents-court-documents-a7332461.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.meforum.org\/60976\/turkish-spy-agency-mit-intelligence-gathering-australia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-egypt-court\/egypt-detains-29-people-on-suspicion-of-espionage-for-turkey-idUSKBN1DM1AN<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.egypttoday.com\/Article\/1\/33764\/In-Pictures-Egypt-foils-Turkish-espionage-attempt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligence-agency-brings-three-feto-members-from-gabon-to-turkey-130050<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/turkey\/turkish-intelligence-agency-rescues-a-kidnapped-italian-citizen-in-kenya-36192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20190807-libyan-national-army-turkish-intelligence-is-operating-in-tripoli\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2017\/11\/27\/senior-feto-figure-captured-by-turkish-intelligence-in-sudan\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/07\/turkish-diplomats-have-extensively-spied-on-critics-in-the-united-states\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/1101683.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intel-returns-wanted-feto-from-azerbaijan-140108<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/nordicmonitor.com\/2019\/06\/turkish-diplomats-spy-on-erdogan-critics-in-georgia-secret-document-reveals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/04\/22\/4-pkk-terrorists-brought-to-turkey-from-iraq-in-operation-by-turkish-intelligence<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/pkk-confirms-capture-two-turkish-spies-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.presstv.com\/Detail\/2017\/08\/29\/533306\/PKK-Turkish-officers-spying-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.sabah.com.tr\/gundem\/2019\/07\/07\/son-dakika-teror-orgutu-pkkkcknin-sozde-baskanlik-konseyi-uyesi-diyar-garip-muhammed-etkisiz-hale-getirildi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2018\/08\/15\/turkey-airstrike-pkk-sinjar-iraq\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/menafn.com\/1098975780\/Turkish-warplanes-neutralize-4-PKK-terrorists-In-Iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/war-on-terror\/2019\/09\/16\/3-pkk-terrorists-neutralized-by-turkish-jets-in-northern-iraq<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkey-neutralizes-senior-female-ypg-pkk-terrorist-150730<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/stockholmcf.org\/cellmate-teacher-abducted-by-turkeys-mit-from-malaysia-subjected-to-torture-in-ankara\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hurriyetdailynews.com\/turkish-intelligences-captures-feto-suspect-in-malaysia-146188<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mongolia-kidnapping-turkey-idUSKBN1KI03N<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/pakistan\/pakistan-admits-they-secretly-deported-turkish-family-wanted-by-erdogan-govt-4895423\/lite\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/securityaffairs.co\/wordpress\/41169\/breaking-news\/finfisher-spyware-new-customers.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.business-humanrights.org\/en\/latest-news\/german-prosecutor-to-investigate-finfisher-for-allegedly-selling-spyware-used-against-journalists-and-activists-in-turkey-without-license\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/press-release\/german-prosecutor-opens-criminal-investiation-into-finfisher-for-selling-spyware-to-turkey-without-license\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/freiheitsrechte.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecchr.eu\/en\/about-us\/?L=2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/cdn.netzpolitik.org\/wp-upload\/2019\/09\/2019-07-05_FinFisher_Criminal-Complaint_ENG.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7, page 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847361\/UK-NCP-initial-complaint-privacy-international-and-others-against-gamma-international-uk-ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847362\/UK-NCP-Final-statement-complaint-Privacy-International-Gamma-International-UK-Ltd.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/847364\/uk-ncp-follow-up-statement-privacy-international-gamma-international.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/privacy-international-complaint-to-uk-ncp-about-gamma-international-uk-ltd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/finfisher-malicious-spyware-disguised-mozilla-firefox-discovered-36-countries-1233177<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.scmagazine.com\/home\/security-news\/finfisher-command-and-control-hubs-turn-up-in-11-new-countries\/<\/a> ; 2013.04.01 SC Magazine on FinFisher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/german-prosecutors-investigate-spyware-maker-finfisher\/a-50293812<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/netzpolitik.org\/2020\/unsere-strafanzeige-razzia-bei-staatstrojaner-firma-finfisher-in-muenchen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/intelligence_privacy\/avira-lantivirus-comprato-dai-servizi-segreti-del-golfo-persico\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/260920\/le-hacker-militaire-qui-achete-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/research\/2020\/09\/german-made-finspy-spyware-found-in-egypt-and-mac-and-linux-versions-revealed\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/BL-DGB-23568<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/apple\/8912714\/Apple-iTunes-flaw-allowed-government-spying-for-3-years.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2011\/11\/apple-took-3-years-to-fix-finfisher-trojan-hole\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2012-07-25\/cyber-attacks-on-activists-traced-to-finfisher-spyware-of-gamma<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> 2016.04.26 David Kushner on David Vincenzetti<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/internet-tech\/hacking-team-riguarda-tutti-noi-le-nostre-liberta-la-nostra-costituzione\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/app-software_intelligence\/david-vincenzetti-la-spia-che-serve-i-dittatori\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/tecnologia\/2015\/07\/12\/news\/segreti-concorrenza-e-fobie-tutti-i-punti-deboli-di-hacking-team-1.35241096<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/citizenlab.ca\/2015\/10\/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/bigbrotherawards.de\/en\/2012\/technology-gamma-international<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/pdf\/gammagrouploutheannelsonwapenhandelaarspursang.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/slideum.com\/doc\/9973831\/gehele-observant-%2369--januari-2017-politie-mercenaries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> 1987.03.07 PK Electronics in China<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> U.S. Department of Commerce, Industry and Trade Administration, \u201cCommercial News USA<\/em>\u201d, U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Washington DC, 1979, page 38<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.referenceforbusiness.com\/history2\/1\/CompuDyne-Corporation.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/hk\/0475615<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/02088610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/01958854<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/05318642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/gb\/06591222<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200809010266.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nti.org\/gsn\/article\/danish-man-charged-with-wmd-smuggling\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> Elaman AG Malans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Holger G\u00fcnther Rumscheidt Kirchberg in Tirol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5k8f6XouC?url=http:\/\/www.zianet.com\/jpage\/Bad%20Aibling%20Station%20-%20A%20Legacy%20of%20Excellence.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/military.wikia.org\/wiki\/Bad_Aibling_Station<\/a> ; Gottfried Mayr, \u201cDas Kriegsgefangenenlager PWE No. 26: Bad Aibling 1945-1946 : Massenschicksal \u2013 Einzelschicksale<\/em>\u201c, Bad Aibling: Hist. Verein Bad Aibling und Umgebung, Bald Aibling 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.burojansen.nl\/politie\/gamma-group-louthean-nelson-arms-dealers-to-the-core-english-translation-of-article-from-observant-69\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> James Bamford, \u201cBody of secrets: Anatomy of the ultra-secret NSA<\/em>\u201d, Anchor Books, New York, 2002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/sides\/getDoc.do?pubRef=-\/\/EP\/\/TEXT+REPORT+A5-2001-0264+0+DOC+XML+V0\/\/EN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03820884\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04027614\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/03684793\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/04016441\/filing-history<\/a> ; https:\/\/find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk\/company\/06343869\/filing-history<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"De la science-fiction au cauchemar : les logiciels espions utilisent pour traquer les adversaires","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"de-la-science-fiction-au-cauchemar-les-logiciels-espions-utilisent-pour-traquer-les-adversaires","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:40","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3982","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3946,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-06 00:08:01","post_content":"\n

\u00a9<\/strong> IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nouvelle est venue des journaux allemands : au Y\u00e9men, malgr\u00e9 les interdictions en vigueur depuis 1945, les armes allemandes sont utilis\u00e9es \u2013 principalement contre la population sans d\u00e9fense. L'attaquant est une coalition dirig\u00e9e par Mohammed Bin Salman (roi prince d'Arabie saoudite), compos\u00e9e, entre autres, de combattants d'Al-Qa\u00efda et de mercenaires de la Blackwater Company pay\u00e9s par le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain. Quelque chose qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu possible par un vent nouveau \u00e0 Berlin, qui est inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 une nouvelle position politique du Bundestag allemand et des lobbies qui y travaillent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les armes sont utilis\u00e9es au Y\u00e9men depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre : il y a les canons Fewas et Clara du DND Dynamit Nobel Defense GmbH Burbach, mont\u00e9s sur des chars am\u00e9ricains Oshkosh et sur des chars fran\u00e7ais Leclerc, puis les navires de guerre des chantiers navals L\u00fcrssen \u00e0 Br\u00eame et enfin les navires de d\u00e9minage de la classe Frankenthal[1]<\/a>. Ce sont principalement des armes qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vendues au gouvernement des \u00c9mirats arabes unis entre 2006 et 2009. Ce pays refuse de se conformer \u00e0 l'embargo impos\u00e9 par les Nations Unies sur l'invasion du Y\u00e9men[2]<\/a>. Il existe \u00e9galement des missiles, des canons et des munitions pour les chasseurs-bombardiers Eurofighter et Tornado, qui sont utilis\u00e9s par l'arm\u00e9e de l'air saoudienne contre la population civile[3]<\/a>. Certains des fusils et des mitrailleuses se sont m\u00eame retrouv\u00e9s entre les mains des forces irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res d'Al-Qa\u00efda[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce processus est difficile \u00e0 expliquer et \u00e0 justifier, surtout apr\u00e8s le meurtre barbare du journaliste saoudien Jamal Khashoggi, tu\u00e9 \u00e0 Istanbul en 2018 sur les ordres de Mohammed ben Salmane[5]<\/a>. Le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 une large majorit\u00e9 parlementaire de bloquer les contrats d'approvisionnement avec l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013 un bloc qui a dur\u00e9 six mois depuis lors et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 constamment renouvel\u00e9 depuis lors[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui est certain, c'est que l'implication de l'industrie militaire allemande au Y\u00e9men ne peut s'expliquer par les trait\u00e9s de d\u00e9fense multinationaux du golfe Persique, o\u00f9 elle fait face \u00e0 une flotte iranienne massive, construite en Chine, sous la direction de l'IRGCN (Garde de la R\u00e9volution Islamique), une flotte multinationale compos\u00e9e des pays de l'accord EMASOH (armes et soldats de l'Union europ\u00e9enne, commandement fran\u00e7ais), ceux de l'accord IMSC (USA, Arabie saoudite, Bahre\u00efn, Royaume-Uni et Australie) et ceux de la Accord CTF-152 (\u00c9tats-Unis, Italie et \u00c9tats du Golfe)[7]<\/a> : l'Allemagne ne peut participer \u00e0 ces alliances militaires sur la base des accords internationaux sign\u00e9s entre la RFA et la RDA au moment de la r\u00e9unification - il est officiellement interdit de le faire[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, lorsque ces armes sont utilis\u00e9es par des arm\u00e9es dans d'autres pays, il est \u00e9vident que le gouvernement de Berlin a approuv\u00e9 leur vente. M\u00eame l'Institut allemand pour la politique et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 internationales[9]<\/a> consid\u00e8re cela comme insupportable \u2013 l'institut qui, au nom du gouvernement, stipule que l'Allemagne devrait adopter une position neutre dans le golfe Persique et participer activement \u00e0 la recherche d'un compromis pacifique entre les parties en guerre[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque le gouvernement ouest-allemand a approuv\u00e9 le soi-disant \u00ab projet Monitor<\/em> \u00bb en 1979, qui a approuv\u00e9 la livraison de la technologie d'espionnage allemande \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite[11]<\/a>, Bonn a examin\u00e9 cela quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard et a bloqu\u00e9 l'exportation d'armes, de technologies et de formateurs dans tous les pays de le golfe Persique[12]<\/a>. Bien s\u00fbr, cela n'a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les armes d'\u00eatre vendues en secret : le chancelier Helmut Kohl doit le renversement de son gouvernement et la fin de sa parabole politique \u00e0 un scandale sur les pots-de-vin que son parti avait collect\u00e9s (1 million de marks, 561000 dollars). L'argent provenait de la vente secr\u00e8te de chars allemands au gouvernement de Riyad, camoufl\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9diation de l'homme d'affaires Karlheinz Schreiber[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pendant les ann\u00e9es de chancellerie d'Angela Merkel, les approvisionnements \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et \u00e0 ses alli\u00e9s ont repris, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9s[14]<\/a> apr\u00e8s la vague d'indignation d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par l'assassinat de Jamal Khashoggi[15]<\/a>. Cette d\u00e9cision politique a de nouveau \u00e9t\u00e9 contourn\u00e9e par le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9diateurs \u2013 malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9action violente de la plupart des factions du parti allemand et des associations humanitaires[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La guerre la plus sale des cent derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La carte de la guerre civile au Y\u00e9men<\/sub><\/strong>[17]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans la nuit du 25 mars 2015, des chars et des chasseurs-bombardiers saoudiens ont attaqu\u00e9 les troupes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de l'arm\u00e9e houthie, qui a renvers\u00e9 en 2012 le r\u00e9gime pro-saoudien qui dirigeait le Y\u00e9men depuis 1978 : en quelques heures l'un des pays les plus fertiles au Moyen-Orient a \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en un enfer de boue et de gravats[18]<\/a>. Ce qu'Amnesty International appelle \u00ab la pire catastrophe humanitaire d'origine humaine<\/em> \u00bb commence : outre les milliers de morts, presque tous des civils, 24 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es fuient les maisons bombard\u00e9es alors que leurs champs sont d\u00e9truits, les troupeaux tu\u00e9s et tous les signes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 an\u00e9anti par la civilisation. Le pays retourne \u00e0 l'\u00e2ge de pierre et la population a \u00e9t\u00e9 enferm\u00e9e dans des camps de concentration o\u00f9 seules des ONG internationales fournissent de l'eau, de la nourriture et des m\u00e9dicaments \u2013 ces derniers encore en quantit\u00e9 insuffisante en raison du Covid-19 et de l'explosion d'une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'Arabie saoudite veut que le gouvernement et les Houthis soient an\u00e9antis parce qu'ils sont amis avec les ayatollahs iraniens et le Hezbollah libanais[20]<\/a>. Pour cette raison, les ONG internationales, en particulier Human Rights Watch, appellent \u00e0 un embargo absolu sur les ventes d'armes \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite car la diplomatie n'obtient pas de r\u00e9sultats[21]<\/a>. Outre les Saoudiens, il existe une coalition \u00e9tonnamment h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne dont les pays appartiennent traditionnellement \u00e0 la monarchie de Riyad (comme les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l'\u00c9gypte, le Kowe\u00eft et Bahre\u00efn), mais aussi les Europ\u00e9ens (France, Royaume-Uni) et surtout les \u00c9tats-Unis (qui envoient les mercenaires de Blackwater d'Erik Prince au combat[22]<\/a>) et Al-Qa\u00efda[23]<\/a> \u2013 tous ensemble, c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te, contre le peuple y\u00e9m\u00e9nite sans d\u00e9fense[24]<\/a>. D'un point de vue militaire, la situation est au point mort depuis cinq ans, malgr\u00e9 l'utilisation massive de l'arm\u00e9e et des armes \u2013 les seuls \u00e0 payer un prix inacceptable sont les citoyens du Y\u00e9men, qui font l'objet d'un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab nettoyage ethnique<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les services secrets allemands (BND), qui ne font certainement pas partie du pacifisme militant, conseillent vivement au gouvernement de ne pas traiter avec le nouveau chef de la famille Al-Sa'ud, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un homme psychologiquement instable et fondamentalement un autocrate bellig\u00e9rant[25]<\/a>. Le r\u00e9sultat est une crise qui am\u00e8ne Berlin et Riyad \u00e0 perturber les relations diplomatiques et \u00e0 diviser la coalition gouvernementale allemande parce que l'un des dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate, Sigmar Gabriel, a personnellement soutenu Angela Merkel pour sa d\u00e9cision politique et celle qui a suivi les attaques. cela pourrait \u00eatre inflig\u00e9 \u00e0 l'industrie allemande[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand Angela Merkel a annonc\u00e9 qu'elle cesserait de vendre des armes, le prince Mohammed Bin Salman a r\u00e9agi avec col\u00e8re : en mai 2018, il a r\u00e9sili\u00e9 tous les contrats avec des entreprises allemandes et a publi\u00e9 un d\u00e9cret qui interdit d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l'industrie allemande de participer aux appels d'offres en Arabie saoudite. Pr\u00e8s de 7 milliards d'euros sont en jeu chaque ann\u00e9e, ainsi que les ventes de g\u00e9ants industriels tels que Bayer, Daimler-Mercedes, Siemens, Boehringer et Deutsche Bank pour prendre une participation dans ARAMCO, la compagnie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re saoudienne[27]<\/a>. En septembre 2018, apr\u00e8s un appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique entre Mme Merkel et le prince Bin Salman[28]<\/a>, le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9rale des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Heiko Maas s'envole pour New York et rencontre des repr\u00e9sentants saoudiens aux Nations Unies \u2013 et entame des n\u00e9gociations sur un compromis qui ne fera pas perdre la face \u00e0 la chanceli\u00e8re[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les \u00c9mirats arabes unis sont \u00e9galement impliqu\u00e9s dans les n\u00e9gociations, en partie parce que l'homme \u00e0 la t\u00eate d'Abou Dhabi, Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, est en relations amicales depuis 2014 (alors qu'il \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 commandant en chef des forces arm\u00e9es mais \u00e9tait pas encore r\u00e9gent) aux dirigeants du Parti social-d\u00e9mocrate et au ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de l'\u00e9poque, Frank-Walter Steinmeier \u2013 l'homme qui est pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique allemande depuis mars 2017[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre 2017 et 2020, lors des n\u00e9gociations avec Riyad, Mme Merkel a \u00e9galement rencontr\u00e9 trois fois Al-Nahyan pour r\u00e9glementer officiellement le syst\u00e8me de visa pour les touristes, mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre la crise caus\u00e9e par le fait que l'ambassadeur d'Allemagne \u00e0 Duba\u00ef Haya Bint Al-Hussein a aid\u00e9 (s\u0153ur du roi de Jordanie et \u00e9pouse du Premier ministre Emir Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum) qui a \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 des violences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es contre elle et ses deux enfants en Allemagne et plus tard en Grande-Bretagne[31]<\/a> \u2013 et lors de leur rencontre, ils ont \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 des questions \u00e9conomiques et militaires[32]<\/a> et du r\u00f4le d'Abou Dhabi dans la guerre civile libyenne[33]<\/a>. Tout cela malgr\u00e9 le fait que les groupes parlementaires du Bundestag ont protest\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et ont affirm\u00e9 que Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan \u00e9tait le principal coupable du g\u00e9nocide au Y\u00e9men[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l'intervalle, l'ambassadeur Peter Fischer, le pr\u00e9sident de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering et la chanceli\u00e8re Angela Merkel ont accept\u00e9 de devenir membres du conseil des conf\u00e9renciers de l'ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research)[35]<\/a>, le groupe de r\u00e9flexion fond\u00e9 par Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. L'ECSSR est utilis\u00e9 pour construire un r\u00e9seau d'alliances politiques, industrielles et militaires dans le reste du monde[36]<\/a>, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 par Tawazun Holding (la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 militaire d'Al-Nahyan[37]<\/a>) pour payer 20 millions de dollars de pots-de-vin (d\u00e9guis\u00e9s en contribution \u00e0 un projet environnemental), pour pouvoir acheter des armes am\u00e9ricaines tout en contournant l'embargo international[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les contradictions du lobbying international<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le Dubai Monarch Hotel, o\u00f9 se r\u00e9unit le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran \u2013 \u00e0 l'abri des regards indiscrets et sous la supervision de Daniela Calligaro, coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-\u00c9mirats<\/sub><\/strong>[39]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

De toute \u00e9vidence, tout le monde du lobbying et de la diplomatie internationale est opaque et contradictoire car il vise \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les int\u00e9r\u00eats nationaux dans une situation de n\u00e9gociation pacifique. Un exemple : entre 2007 et 2008, les exportations allemandes vers l'Iran ont augment\u00e9 de 40% \u00e0 plus de 11 milliards de dollars. Au vu des sanctions internationales qui interdisent les affaires avec les ayatollahs, le gouvernement allemand dissout le groupe de travail germano-iranien et le transf\u00e8re l\u00e0 o\u00f9 personne ne le recherchera jamais \u2013 \u00e0 Duba\u00ef, l'un des adversaires les plus acharn\u00e9s de l'Iran : Daniela Calligaro, la coordinatrice de la Chambre de commerce Allemagne-Emirats, qui aux Emirats a r\u00e9organise le groupe de travail Allemagne-Iran dans les couloirs de l'h\u00f4tel Dubai Monarch, malgr\u00e9 le fait que la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel ait r\u00e9it\u00e9r\u00e9 publiquement que l'Allemagne soutient les sanctions et que m\u00eame le commerce avec T\u00e9h\u00e9ran ne se poursuivrait pas par triangulations secr\u00e8tes[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis la fin de la guerre froide (et depuis la signature du trait\u00e9 de paix entre l'Allemagne unie et ses alli\u00e9s pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale[41]<\/a>), \u00e0 \u200b\u200bchaque visite d'\u00c9tat des chanceliers Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schr\u00f6der et Angela Merkel, il y a eu \u00e0 Bonn (et plus tard Berlin) des repr\u00e9sentants de l'industrie militaire qui ont n\u00e9goci\u00e9 des livraisons d'armes au cours des n\u00e9gociations politiques et diplomatiques[42]<\/a>. Certains de ces contrats font partie d'appels d'offres aux \u00c9tats-Unis, auxquels participent des entreprises allemandes avec des entreprises am\u00e9ricaines, dont les n\u00e9gociations en Allemagne, selon la Sunlight Foundation (une ONG proche du Parti d\u00e9mocrate qui analyse et publie des donn\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales officielles sur les \u00e9changes \u00e9conomiques[43]<\/a>), 13 millions d'euros par an[44]<\/a>. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Le si\u00e8ge de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, qui depuis un demi-si\u00e8cle s\u00e9lectionne les futurs dirigeants de la CDU (\u00e0 gauche)<\/sub><\/strong>[45]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a>, et Michael Hennrich, pr\u00e9sident du groupe parlementaire du Bundestag pour les pays arabophones (\u00e0 droite)<\/sub><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l'instar d'autres parlements europ\u00e9ens, le Bundestag dispose \u00e9galement de groupes d'int\u00e9r\u00eats sp\u00e9ciaux qui s'occupent des relations bilat\u00e9rales entre Berlin et divers pays du monde. L'un des plus anciens de ces groupes est celui des pays arabophones du Proche et du Moyen-Orient[46]<\/a>, compos\u00e9 de parlementaires de tous les partis de l'arche constitutionnelle et dirig\u00e9 par le d\u00e9put\u00e9 chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate Michael Hennrich[47]<\/a> (Bade-Wurtemberg) depuis septembre 2013[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son r\u00f4le de pr\u00e9sident du groupe, Hennrich s'est exprim\u00e9 en 2015 pour la suspension (et non pour l'annulation) des contrats de fourniture \u00e0 l'Arabie saoudite et aux Emirats, puis trois ans plus tard, il a eu une voix au Bundestag sur la reprise des approvisionnements[49]<\/a>. En 2017, Hennrich a exprim\u00e9 son opinion lors d'une conf\u00e9rence dans sa circonscription : il n'y a pas de guerre sans armes, mais aussi pas de paix, car sans dissuasion li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibre militaire, il est difficile d'\u00e9viter les conflits[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hennrich est un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de sant\u00e9 au Bundestag, mais n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par hasard comme pr\u00e9sident du groupe arabe : en 2011, Hennrich a suivi le pr\u00e9sident allemand de l'\u00e9poque Christian Wulff lors d'un voyage \u00e0 Abu Dhabi et \u00e0 Mascate, au cours duquel il a suivi Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan et les chefs des forces arm\u00e9es des Emirats[51]<\/a> et du Sultanat d'Oman[52]<\/a>. Deux ans plus tard, Hennrich faisait partie d'une commission \u00e9conomique lors d'une conf\u00e9rence internationale \u00e0 Beyrouth \u2013 avec (entre autres) un cadre de l'industrie militaire belge Herstal (dont le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 gard\u00e9 secret), l'ancien sous-secr\u00e9taire d'\u00c9tat n\u00e9erlandais \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense, Jos Van Gennip, et l'ancien ministre des Finances des Emirats, Nasser Saidi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conf\u00e9rence \u00e9tait parrain\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Michel Sleiman, pr\u00e9sident du Liban, et organis\u00e9e par le gouvernement local avec la Fondation Konrad Adenauer sous la direction de Hans-Gert P\u00f6ttering[54]<\/a>. Cette fondation est l'un des lobbies les plus riches et les plus puissants d'Allemagne et s'est toujours int\u00e9ress\u00e9e activement \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie militaire des pays de l'OTAN et \u00e0 l'int\u00e9gration de l'industrie allemande dans ce domaine[55]<\/a>. Depuis le 12 janvier 2009 (ou depuis le jour o\u00f9 la Fondation Mohammed Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan a d\u00e9cern\u00e9 la m\u00e9daille d'honneur Konrad-Adenauer), cette organisation est l'un des symboles du travail de lobbying politique et militaire des Emirats en Allemagne[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depuis sa cr\u00e9ation, il est impossible en Allemagne de diriger le Parti chr\u00e9tien-d\u00e9mocrate (CDU) sans l'approbation et le soutien de la Fondation Konrad Adenauer[57]<\/a>, qui a toujours jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le controvers\u00e9 dans la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re allemande \u2013 comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas au cours de la ann\u00e9es o\u00f9 la fondation a financ\u00e9 la naissance du parti Inkatha en Afrique du Sud pour avoir une forte opposition \u00e0 l'ANC de Nelson Mandela[58]<\/a>. Cela permet de comprendre plus facilement pourquoi la chanceli\u00e8re Merkel est vaguement engag\u00e9e pour ou contre l'Arabie saoudite et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis : Mme Merkel est une politicienne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 ouvertement soutenue et promue par la Fondation Konrad Adenauer, et depuis qu'elle est apparue sur le stade de la politique f\u00e9d\u00e9rale imm\u00e9diatement apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9unification[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079232<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/de\/beweise-f%C3%BCr-deutsche-waffen-im-jemen\/a-47681315<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tkUv2R97I-Y<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/World-News\/2019\/09\/26\/Saudi-Prince-bin-Salman-accepts-responsibility-but-not-blame-for-Khashoggi-death\/6231569504880\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2019\/9\/10\/audio-transcripts-of-jamal-khashoggis-murder-revealed<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/inland\/ruestungsexporte-saudi-arabien-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> http:\/\/cesi-italia.org\/articoli\/1142\/le-sfide-per-la-sicurezza-del-golfo-persico-e-la-strategia-navale-iraniana<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hdg.de\/lemo\/kapitel\/deutsche-einheit\/weg-zur-einheit\/zwei-plus-vier-vertrag.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> SWP \u2013 Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik des Deutschen Instituts f\u00fcr Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.swp-berlin.org\/kurz-gesagt\/2018\/deutschland-sollte-zwischen-iran-und-israel-vermitteln\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Horst M\u00f6ller, Klaus Hildebrand, Gregor Sch\u00f6llgen, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1979<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, pages 31-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Tim Geiger, Matthias Peter, Mechthild Lindemann, \u201eAkten zur Ausw\u00e4rtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland \u2013 1983<\/em>\u201c, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, pages 1534-1539<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/590558.stm<\/a> ; https:\/\/daserste.ndr.de\/panorama\/archiv\/1999\/Kohl-und-der-Panzerdeal,erste7204.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/gruene-jugend.de\/deutsche-panzer-an-saudi-arabien\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NWRDxtAuAJE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=n4BwqJ3a3ds<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CqTGnumFhl8<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MZ4FLHTHB0M<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bcVBhYfZJpE<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MAu-jq0lOvQ<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e5EJosKHXdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.polgeonow.com\/2019\/10\/map-who-rules-yemen-southern-separatists.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/idsa.in\/specialfeature\/YemeninMeltdown_talmizahmad120815<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/countries\/middle-east-and-north-africa\/yemen\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.it\/guerra-nello-yemen-made-in-europe\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Jack Freeman, \u201cThe al Houthi Insurgency in the North of Yemen: An Analysis of the Shabab al Moumineen\u201c, in \u201cStudies in Conflict & Terrorism\u201c, vol. 32, n. 11, Routledge\/Taylor & Francis, Milton Park (UK) and New York 2009, pages 1008\u20131019 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10576100903262716<\/a> ; Barak A. Salmoni, Bryce Loidolt, Madeleine Wells, \u201cRegime and Periphery in Northern Yemen: The Huthi Phenomenon\u201d, RAND Corporation \u2013 National Defense Research Institute, Santa Monica (California) and Arlington (Virginia) 2010 \u2013 see also in https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/monographs\/2010\/RAND_MG962.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.undispatch.com\/one-way-to-stop-the-unrelenting-deaths-of-civilians-in-yemen-an-arms-embargo-on-saudi-arabia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/sputniknews.com\/middleeast\/201601191033358120-yemen-blackwater-contractors\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2015\/dec\/09\/australian-mercenary-reportedly-killed-yemen-clashes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ispionline.it\/it\/pubblicazione\/al-qaedas-strategy-yemeni-war-22609<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150509030311\/http:\/\/www.cfr.org\/yemen\/yemen-crisis\/p36488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-35001377<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crossborderinformation.com\/news\/monitoring-news\/saudi-arabia-german-intelligence-criticises-mbs-gets-slap-berlin<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/saudi-arabia-minister-tells-germany-it-will-find-weapons-elsewhere\/a-42710510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-germany-saudi-trade\/saudi-arabia-to-exclude-german-firms-from-government-tenders-spiegel-idUSKCN1IQ2GF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/berlin-riyadh-agree-enter-new-phase-ties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/germany-saudi-arabia-end-diplomatic-row\/a-45638974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/mohamed-bin-zayed-visits-germany-2014-06-12-1.552657<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/primopiano\/esteri\/emiro_maltratta_principessa_dubai-4590349.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundeskanzlerin.de\/bkin-en\/news\/chancellor-meets-with-the-crown-prince-of-abu-dhabi-1637116<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/politics\/merkel-meets-uae-crown-prince-ahead-of-libya-conference\/1706945<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.agenzianova.com\/a\/5fa263c985e1c8.40605274\/3171618\/2020-11-04\/emirati-germania-telefonata-principe-abu-dhabi-merkel-focus-su-relazioni-e-mediterraneo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/debriefer.net\/en\/news-8983.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/director-general-statement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/uae-armed-forces-places-dh1-8bn-weapons-order-with-tawazun-1.307778<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/business\/weapons-systems-plant-for-abu-dhabi-1.388139<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/tawazun-creates-african-partnership-for-uae-s-precision-weapon-manufacture.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20191105005661\/en\/Mohamed-bin-Zayed-Inaugurates-EDGE-Advanced-Technology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/vae.ahk.de\/mitglieder\/vorstand<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Matthias K\u00fcntzel, \u201eDeutschland, Iran und die Bombe<\/em>\u201c, LIT Verlag, M\u00fcnster 2012, pages 125-128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/www.auswaertiges-amt.de\/de\/aussenpolitik\/themen\/internationales-recht\/-\/240218<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/politik\/bundesregierung-merkel-laesst-die-ruestungslobby-mitfliegen\/6685952.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lettera43.it\/berlino-merkel-viaggia-armata\/amp\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.influencewatch.org\/non-profit\/sunlight-foundation\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/esteri\/quella-lobby-tedesca-che-controlla-lamerica-1020880.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/themen\/agenda\/konrad-adenauer-stiftung-ein-netzwerk-der-cdu-elite\/10087016.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Parlamentariergruppe Arabischsprachige Staaten des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen#<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140804033008\/https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/bundestag\/europa_internationales\/parlamentariergruppen\/parlamentariergruppen\/281238<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.michael-hennrich.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CV-Hennrich-deutsch-WP19.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/germany-re-examine-arms-exports-saudi-arabia-after-executions-617190.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.teckbote.de\/startseite_artikel,-kein-krieg-ohne-waffen-aber-gibt-es-frieden-ohne-waffen-_arid,203110.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thefreelibrary.com\/Khalifa+receives+Germany%27s+President-a0274748180<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AHKuae\/posts\/muscat-his-majesty-sultan-qaboos-bin-said-has-received-german-president-christia\/279590368759644\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adcemgperfil\/13-01-16-beirut-conference-program<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.uniapacla.org\/documentos\/Beirut%20Conf%20EN-ESPVF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/ruestungskooperation-eine-transatlantische-aufgabe1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_5455_1.pdf\/1035c027-d01b-bade-b8ea-3383a5f44159?version=1.0&t=1539666485287<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/c\/document_library\/get_file?uuid=2b1a9e67-22f8-ce1c-b398-41c5b17837c6&groupId=252038<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.kas.de\/documents\/252038\/253252\/7_dokument_dok_pdf_52302_2.pdf\/5e17899e-aed6-6291-b1be-8f909454c132?version=1.0&t=1539647539898<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/deutschland-und-die-vereinigten-arabischen-emirate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article115912607\/Haarstraeubende-Personalpolitik-im-Innenministerium.html<\/a> ; Stefan Loipfinger, \u201eDie Spendenmafia. Schmutzige Gesch\u00e4fte mit unserem Mitleid<\/em>\u201c, Droemer Knaur, M\u00fcnchen 2011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> Aljoscha Tillmanns, \u201cBundesregierung, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung und Inkatha 1985\u201394: Entwicklungshilfe oder Verfolgung strategischer Interessen?\u201c, Verlag Dr. Kova\u010d, Hamburg 2016<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungsberichte\/detail\/-\/content\/europa-als-solidarische-handlungsfaehige-und-gestaltende-kraft-weiterentwickeln<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/three-reasons-why-angela-merkel-won-t-change-on-migration1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/einzeltitel\/-\/content\/1P7NGjD4MkJj\/document\/id\/10043712<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/it\/veranstaltungen\/detail\/-\/content\/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik-in-der-deutschen-eu-ratsprasidentschaft<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.kas.de\/de\/web\/geschichte-der-cdu\/personen\/biogramm-detail\/-\/content\/angela-merkel-1<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Enfer Y\u00e9men : armes allemandes pour l'Arabie, pour Al-Qaida et pour les mercenaires am\u00e9ricains","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"enfer-yemen-armes-allemandes-pour-larabie-pour-al-qaida-et-pour-les-mercenaires-americains","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:41","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3946","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3903,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-18 22:42:55","post_content":"\n

On Tuesday, corresponding to 17.11.2020,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Human Rights Situation in Egypt<\/strong>.
The webinar was attended by Mr. Fabio Massimo Castaldo, the vice president of the European Parliament, MS. Maria Laura Franciosi ,  the chair founder of Brussels press club and a journalist on European Affairs, Dr. Leslie Piquemal, Senior EU Advocacy representative at Cairo institution for human rights studies and Mr.Tarek Mahmoud, an Egyptian journalist and former head of the office of Egyptian news agency Mena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Castaldo started the briefing with some introductory remarks on the situation in Egypt. He also added \u201c since president Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi came to power in 2013, the human rights situation has deteriorated in  a catastrophic way, and this is also demonstrated by the wave of arrests following the protests of last fall against corruption in the government.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He mentioned that Cairo is an important partner for the European Union on the economic level , on the migration issue and for regional stability, and Europe can\u2019t stay silent , dialogue must be intensified to maintain good relations with Cairo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tackling the issue of the political sphere and the public space closure in Egypt , Dr.Piquemal emphasized the rollback of democracy in Egypt which has increased and accelerated in 2018 during the president show election, in 2019 constitutional amendments, andin  2020 legislative elections which are still ongoing. All these events involved a very broad and general denial of citizenship righta to a free participation in public affairs. Added Ms. Piquemal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She also referred to preventing candidates of opposition parties from organizing those own compsignes. Piquemal asserted that the constitutional amendments in 2019 were meant to extend Alsisi's time in power, to constitutionalize the executive authority to grant the military custadionshiip on Egyptian citizens and democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In  the context of frredom of expression,Ms. Maria Laura Franciosi confirmed that critisims is a genuine right in the press, condemning the closure of human rights websites in Egypt, and sending defenders behind bars. Ms. Maria strongly believe that the European Union does not seem to do much against the alarming situation of freedom of expression in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PKJ4vvSiSgE&feature=youtu.be\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Franciosi continued to catgorically deplore all forms of abuse against journalists and human rights defenders, remembering the brutal killing of the Italian journalist Giulio Regeni who was prepareing for his PH.D assertation. She ended with calling upon the European Union to act more firmly against these practices against freedom of expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seminar ended wirh the contribution of the Egyptian journalist Tarek Mahmoud who pointed out that the Egyptian authorities always accuse journalists and human rights defenders of international conspiracy against Egypt. Mr. Mahmoud reviewed that 90 journalists are in prison and 12 were killed since 2011, reminding when the journalist Regeni was tortured to death, and other 5 people paid the cost and there were killed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Mahmoud further said that Alsisi manipulates both Muslims and Christians, making them afraid of each other; Alsisi is playing the same game in Sinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarek lamented why the European Union is not spending adequate efforts to stop the unbearable situation in Egypt, warning of a dark future in continuation of violations against human rights in terms of impunity, forced disapprance, torture, and confiscation of basic rights.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Seminar -Human Rights in Egypt","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"online-seminar-on-human-rights-in-egypt","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3903","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":3892,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-13 10:06:48","post_content":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hosted by Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The events will feature a number of experts and discuss human rights in Middle East with focus on Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speakers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaired by
Mr. Fabio Massimo CASTALDO MEP, vice-president of the European Parliament<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Samira RAFAELA MEP, member of Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Maria Laura FRANCIOSI, Maria Laura Franciosi is a journalist on European affairs, Vice President of Brussels Press Club<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Leslie PIQUEMAL, Senior EU Advocacy Representative at the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2014\u2014-
Date: 17th November 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Time: 14 to 15:00 PM (Brussels Time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Book your participation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Info@dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More details
https:\/\/dctransparency.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Event hosted by Democracy Centre for Transparency<\/p>\n","post_title":"Briefing on Human Rights in Middle East","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"briefing-on-human-rights-in-middle-east","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:39:39","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=3887","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":48},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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